Self-adaptive floating debris blocking facility suitable for front pool of hydropower station in alpine region and operation method

Abstract

The application provides a self-adaptive floating facility suitable for a front pool of a hydropower station in an alpine region and an operation method, and relates to the technical field of floating facilities. Hinge shafts are arranged at positions close to both ends of the floating frame, the hinge shaft surfaces are provided with intercepting plates, limiting buffer members are respectively arranged at positions close to both ends of the floating frame, and the buffer members are located between the floating frame and the intercepting plates. A guide rail is arranged on the back of the floating frame, a sliding sleeve is arranged in the guide rail, a cable and a spring buffer member are respectively arranged on the back of the guide rail, and an icebreaking frame is fixed to the front end of the floating frame. The intercepting plate is made of a shape memory alloy material and is rotationally connected to the floating frame through the hinge shaft. The intercepting plate maintains a high rigidity and a folded state in a high-temperature environment, the rigidity is reduced in a low-temperature environment, and the intercepting plate is turned down and unfolded under the action of water flow, so that the intercepting plate automatically changes the effective underwater intercepting area under different temperature conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drift interception facilities technology, specifically to an adaptive drift interception facility and its operation method suitable for the forebay of hydropower stations in high-altitude and cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] Floating debris barriers are hydraulic engineering protection devices installed at the forebay, intake, or upstream of the water diversion channel of a hydropower station. They are mainly used to block, collect, divert, or pre-treat floating branches, weeds, garbage, ice floes, and other floating debris on and near the water surface. This prevents floating debris from entering the hydropower station's intake system and causing blockages in the trash racks, obstructed water intake for the units, increased equipment wear, or even operational malfunctions. Placing floating debris barriers in the forebay area of ​​a hydropower station can take advantage of the relatively gentle water flow and the ease with which floating debris can accumulate. By intercepting and buffering floating debris before it enters the units, the burden of subsequent cleaning is reduced, and the safety of water intake and the stability of unit operation are improved. Especially in cold regions, they can also be used to pre-divert, reduce turbulence, and prevent blockages of ice floes and ice crystals, avoiding direct impact of ice blocks on intake structures or large-scale accumulation in the forebay area. This plays an important role in ensuring the continuous and safe operation of the hydropower station during winter.

[0003] According to Chinese patent application CN216142007U, a funnel-shaped self-floating buoyancy bar structure includes a body, a grid, railings, and an inlet. The body has a funnel-shaped cross-section, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The body includes a top plate, upper vertical plates on both sides, lower inclined plates on both sides, a bottom web plate, and vertical end plates at both ends. The railings on both sides are located at the top of the body, the grid is located at the bottom of the web plate, and the inlet is located on the top plate. Funnel-shaped annular reinforcing plates are arranged at intervals along the inner wall of the body, and several stiffening plates are arranged between the reinforcing plates for support. This invention can effectively improve the stability of the buoyancy bar and reduce the probability of capsizing. It can also significantly reduce additional counterweight and lower engineering costs.

[0004] According to Chinese patent application CN107761681A, a suspended floating debris barrier device is disclosed, comprising a set of debris barrier units suspended by steel wire ropes on hinged seats on both sides of the outlet end of the forebay or sedimentation tank of a pressureless hydropower station. The debris barrier unit consists of a floating component and a debris barrier assembly. The debris barrier assembly includes a ladder-shaped frame welded from supporting angle steel, vertical ribs, and horizontal ribs for fixing vertical bars. A set of equally spaced parallel vertical bars are welded onto the ladder-shaped frame. The floating component includes a cuboid frame with plastic foam inside its cavity. A set of U-bolts is provided on the floating component, and the steel wire rope passes through the U-bolts and is connected at both ends to the hinged seats on both sides of the outlet end of the forebay or sedimentation tank of the pressureless hydropower station. This invention eliminates the need for slotting on the debris barrier piers, preventing jamming during operation. The debris barrier unit has a smaller load capacity, lighter weight, lower investment, and is easier to install, clean, and maintain.

[0005] The aforementioned patent documents and prior art have the following technical problems when used: Problem 1: The interception depth of traditional drift barriers is usually fixed, making it difficult to adapt to seasonal changes, water temperature changes, etc. Working in the same way in both high and low temperature environments can lead to insufficient interception range or excessive water blocking area. Question 2: For high-altitude and cold regions, traditional ice-blocking facilities are often accompanied by floating ice, ice floes, and large ice blocks in the forebay of hydropower stations. Existing devices generally lack effective pre-ice-breaking, ice-separating, and flow-guiding structures, which can easily cause large ice blocks to directly impact the main body of the ice-blocking system, leading to local blockage, structural deformation, or instability.

[0006] Question 3: The structure of traditional float-blocking facilities is mostly rigid, making it difficult to balance the float-blocking effect, impact resistance and operational reliability under complex working conditions. Especially in high-altitude and cold regions, it is difficult to meet the comprehensive requirements of preventing floating objects, preventing floating ice, preventing blockages and stable operation with changes in water level. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adaptive drift-blocking facility and its operation method suitable for the forebay of hydropower stations in high-altitude and cold regions, solving the following problems: 1. Addressing the issue that drift-blocking facilities have a fixed interception depth and cannot adapt to different environmental conditions; 2. Addressing the issue of large ice blocks in high-altitude and cold regions directly impacting facilities, easily causing blockages and stress damage; 3. To address the issues of easy freezing and stagnation in high-altitude and cold regions, and poor stability due to changes in water level and water flow.

[0008] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an adaptive drift-blocking facility suitable for the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region, comprising a floating frame, with hinge shafts respectively provided at both ends of the floating frame, and interception plates provided on the surface of the hinge shafts, and limit buffers respectively installed at both ends of the floating frame, with the buffers located between the floating frame and the interception plates; The back of the floating body frame is provided with a guide rail, and a sliding sleeve is installed inside the guide rail. The sliding sleeve is fixed to the back of the floating body frame. A cable and a spring buffer are respectively provided on the back of the guide rail. An icebreaker is fixed to the front end of the floating frame, and the front end of the icebreaker is inclined from top to bottom. An ice combing channel is arrayed on the front of the icebreaker, and an ice-breaking cone is installed in the ice combing channel, with the ice-breaking cone extending to the outside of the front end of the icebreaker.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the interceptor plate is made of shape memory alloy and has an array of flow holes on its surface for water to pass through. The interceptor plate is a temperature-responsive shape memory alloy plate that maintains high rigidity and is in a retracted state under high temperature conditions, and its rigidity decreases under low temperature conditions and flips downward around the hinge axis to an unfolded state under the impact of water flow, so as to increase the effective underwater interception area. The floating frame is a self-floating component used to make the entire facility float on the water surface.

[0010] In one possible implementation, bearing openings are provided at both ends of the floating frame, and the hinge shafts are rotatably installed inside the bearing openings to form the rotation fulcrum of the interceptor plate, and a linkage rod is fixed between the two hinge shafts.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the floating frame has active areas at both ends, and the interceptor plate is located at the active area, while the limiting buffer is located on the front and rear sides near the active area.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the cable is divided into an upper part and a lower part, with one end of each part of the cable converging at the same fixed end. The spring buffer is located between the cable and the fixed point on the back of the guide rail, and the spring buffer is used to position and buffer the overall facility.

[0013] In one possible implementation, heating components are respectively installed at the floating frame, the icebreaker, and the guide rail. The heating components are specifically located at the hinge shaft, the junction of the guide rail and the sliding sleeve, the edge of the interceptor plate, and the surface of the icebreaker, and are used to locally de-ice and prevent freezing of easily icing parts.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the interceptor plate is a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy plate, the limiting buffer is one or more combinations of an elastic buffer block, a rubber buffer, or a polyurethane buffer, and the heating component is one or more combinations of an electric heating rod, an electric heating tape, a heating cable, a heating plate, or a heating sleeve.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the running method includes the following steps: Sp1: Place the guide rail at the preset position in the forebay of the hydropower station, so that the floating frame is slidably connected to the guide rail through the sliding sleeve, and the overall positioning is completed by the cable and spring buffer; Sp2: Makes the floating frame float on the water surface by its own buoyancy, and vertically rises and falls along the guide rail when the water level changes; Sp3: In high-temperature environments, the high rigidity of the interceptor plate keeps it in a retracted position, allowing it to operate at a smaller interception angle and reduce water flow resistance. Sp4: In low-temperature environments, the interceptor plate is made to rotate downward around the hinge axis to the unfolding position under the impact of water flow, and after reaching the maximum rotation angle, it is limited and buffered by the limiting buffer to increase the effective underwater interception area. Sp5: Using ice-breaking racks, ice combing channels, and ice-breaking cones to guide, divide, and break up large blocks of ice entering the facility, thereby reducing the direct blockage and impact of ice blocks on the interceptor plate; Sp6: Uses heating components to locally de-ice the hinge shaft, guide rail, interceptor plate, and / or icebreaker to prevent critical parts from freezing and getting stuck.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the angle between the interceptor plate and the water level is 15°-45° in a high-temperature environment and 60°-85° in a low-temperature environment.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the large volume of ice first comes into contact with the ice-breaking cone and is partially broken. Then, it is diverted through the ice combing channel or deflected away from the area in front of the interceptor plate. When the ambient temperature is lower than a preset threshold, the heating components at the corresponding positions of the hinge shaft, guide rail, ice-breaking frame and interceptor plate work to perform local de-icing.

[0018] Beneficial effects This invention provides an adaptive drift-blocking device and its operation method suitable for the forebay of hydropower stations in high-altitude and cold regions. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses a shape memory alloy interception plate and is rotatably connected to the floating frame via a hinge shaft. This allows the interception plate to maintain high rigidity and a retracted state in high-temperature environments, while its rigidity decreases in low-temperature environments and it flips and unfolds downwards under the impact of water flow. This enables the interception plate to automatically change its effective underwater interception area under different temperature conditions. Compared to traditional drift-blocking facilities with a fixed interception depth, this invention can achieve high-temperature, low-resistance drift-blocking operation and adaptive adjustment to increase the interception depth downwards in low-temperature environments without the need for complex external drives.

[0019] 2. This invention integrates an icebreaker frame at the front end of the floating body frame, forming an ice-dispersing channel and an extended ice-breaking cone. This allows large ice blocks entering the facility to first contact the ice-breaking cone and be guided, diverted, or broken before passing through the ice-dispersing channel. This reduces the risk of blockage and impact caused by ice blocks hitting the interception plate from the front. Compared to traditional drift-blocking facilities that can only passively block floating objects and are unable to cope with the direct impact of ice blocks in cold regions, this invention integrates ice-breaking, ice-dispersing, diversion, and subsequent interception functions, thereby enhancing the applicability of the facility in cold environments.

[0020] 3. This invention utilizes the sliding engagement of the guide rail and the sliding sleeve to allow the floating frame to maintain its self-floating characteristics while only moving vertically up and down along the guide rail. This allows the overall height to be automatically adjusted according to changes in the forebay water level, ensuring that the facility is always within the preset working area. Simultaneously, the combination of cables and spring buffers positions and buffers the entire facility, reducing impact damage to the main structure. Furthermore, by using limiting buffers between the floating frame and the interceptor plate, the interceptor plate is limited in its low-temperature unfolding or high-temperature retracting state, and absorbs the overturning impact energy when in position, preventing excessive overturning of the interceptor plate, hard collisions, or concentrated stress at the hinge points. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the adaptive drift-blocking device of the present invention on the water surface of the forebay of a hydropower station; Figure 2 This is an overall structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the interceptor plate of the present invention with increased interception area at low temperatures; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram showing the reduction of the interception area of ​​the interceptor plate under high temperature conditions according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the floating frame of the present invention; Figure 9This is a structural diagram of the icebreaker frame of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive flipping state of the interceptor plate under high temperature and low temperature conditions according to the present invention. Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the operation method of the drift-blocking facility of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cable installation of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the adaptive drift-blocking device of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Floating frame; 11. Bearing port; 12. Moving area; 13. Hinge shaft; 14. Linkage rod; 2. Interception plate; 3. Guide rail; 31. Sliding sleeve; 4. Limiting buffer; 5. Spring buffer; 6. Cable; 7. Icebreaker; 71. Ice combing channel; 72. Icebreaker cone; 8. Heating assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific Implementation Example 1: like Figures 1 to 13 As shown, an adaptive drift-blocking device suitable for the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region includes a floating frame 1. Hinges 13 are respectively provided near both ends of the floating frame 1. An interception plate 2 is provided on the surface of the hinge 13. The interception plate 2 is located below the water-facing side of the floating frame 1 and is rotatably connected to the floating frame 1 through the hinge 13, so that the interception plate 2 can rotate around the hinge 13.

[0025] Limiting buffers 4 are installed near both ends of the floating frame 1, and the buffers are located between the floating frame 1 and the interceptor plate 2. The interceptor plate 2 is made of shape memory alloy and has flow holes arrayed on its surface to allow water to pass through. The interceptor plate 2 is a temperature-responsive shape memory alloy plate that maintains high rigidity and is in a retracted state in a high-temperature environment. In a low-temperature environment, its rigidity decreases and it flips downward around the hinge axis 13 to the unfolded state under the impact of water flow, so as to increase the effective underwater interception area.

[0026] The interceptor plate 2 is made of shape memory alloy, which has different mechanical response characteristics under different temperature conditions. Under higher temperature conditions, the interceptor plate 2 is in a state of high rigidity. The material itself has a strong recovery ability, so it is not easy to overturn under the impact of water flow and can maintain a relatively closed working posture. In a low-temperature environment, the overall stiffness of the interceptor plate 2 decreases, its bending and overturning resistance weakens, and it is more likely to rotate around the hinge axis 13 under the same water flow impact conditions, thus gradually changing from the folded state to the unfolded state. Therefore, by utilizing the stiffness variation of materials under different temperature conditions, the interceptor plate 2 can adaptively switch between working states in high-temperature and low-temperature environments.

[0027] The floating frame 1 is a self-floating component used to make the entire facility float on the water surface. The floating frame 1 is a self-floating component of the entire facility. It has a buoyancy cavity inside. The floating frame can be filled with closed-cell foam, polyurethane buoyancy material or a sealed buoyancy cavity to ensure that the entire facility can float on the water surface and adjust its overall height according to the water level of the forebay.

[0028] The floating frame 1 serves as the self-floating main body of the overall facility, and its main function is to provide buoyancy support, installation foundation, and water level adaptability. The floating frame 1 is always located near the water surface and adjusts its overall height according to the water level of the forebay. The interception plate 2 is a functional component that can move relative to the floating frame 1. It is installed at the lower part of the floating frame 1 through the hinge shaft 13 and changes its angle relative to the floating frame 1 under different temperature and water flow conditions. The floating frame 1 can maintain the stable floating state of the overall device, while the interception plate 2 is responsible for changing the underwater interception depth. The two work together in a coordinated manner.

[0029] Bearing openings 11 are provided at both ends of the floating frame 1, and hinge shafts 13 are rotatably installed inside the bearing openings 11 to form the rotation fulcrum of the interceptor plate 2. A linkage rod 14 is fixed between the two hinge shafts 13. Movable areas 12 are provided at both ends of the floating frame 1, and the interceptor plate 2 is located at the location of the movable area 12. The limiting buffer 4 is located near the front and rear sides of the movable area 12. The movable area 12 provides clearance space when the interceptor plate 2 flips, ensuring that the interceptor plate 2 does not interfere with the floating frame 1 when switching between a high-temperature retracted state and a low-temperature extended state. The interceptor plate 2 is a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy plate. Nickel-titanium alloy has a high elastic modulus and strong recovery stress when entering the austenitic phase at high temperatures, and is suitable for water flow production. The torque generated by the water flow causes the plate to maintain its original angle. As the temperature decreases, the elastic modulus of the plate decreases, the bending stiffness decreases, and the recovery stress weakens. At this point, the same hydrodynamic torque is greater than the bending resistance of the material, so rotation occurs. The limiting buffer 4 is one or more of the following: elastic buffer block, rubber buffer, or polyurethane buffer. The limiting buffer 4 is set at the end of the flipping path of the intercepting plate 2. On the one hand, it is used to limit the maximum flipping angle of the intercepting plate 2 to prevent the intercepting plate 2 from over-flipping due to the continuous impact of the water flow under low temperature conditions. On the other hand, when the intercepting plate 2 flips to the limit position, the limiting buffer 4 absorbs the impact energy at the end of the intercepting plate 2 through its own elastic deformation, avoiding a hard collision between the intercepting plate 2 and the floating frame 1.

[0030] The interceptor plate 2 is rotatably connected to the floating frame 1 via the hinge shaft 13. The hinge shaft 13 forms the fulcrum for the interceptor plate 2 to flip. When the water flow acts on the water-facing surface of the interceptor plate 2, the water flow pressure forms a distributed load on the surface of the interceptor plate 2. This distributed load can be equivalent to the resultant force acting on a certain position of the interceptor plate 2. The resultant force forms a flipping torque relative to the hinge shaft 13. At high temperatures, due to the high stiffness of the interceptor plate 2, the material recovery torque is greater than or close to the overturning torque formed by the water flow, so the interceptor plate 2 maintains its retracted posture. At low temperatures, the stiffness of the interceptor plate 2 decreases, its anti-overturning ability weakens, and the overturning torque generated by the water flow is greater than the restoring torque of the interceptor plate 2, thereby pushing the interceptor plate 2 to overturn downward around the hinge axis 13 until it reaches the preset unfolding position. Therefore, the facility does not drive the interceptor plate 2 to move through external power, but rather achieves the adaptive flipping of the interceptor plate 2 by changing the material stiffness through temperature and adding water flow to provide the flipping power.

[0031] The interceptor plate 2 is a temperature-responsive component made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy plate. The surface is arrayed with flow holes, which allow some water to pass through, thereby reducing water resistance, while still intercepting floating debris and ice. The interceptor plate 2 maintains high rigidity and is in the retracted position in high-temperature environments. In low-temperature environments, the rigidity decreases, and under the impact of water flow, it flips downward around the hinge axis 13 to the unfolded position, thereby increasing the effective underwater interception area. The phase change temperature range of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy used in the interceptor plate 2 is 0℃-10℃. When the ambient temperature is higher than the phase change temperature, the interceptor plate 2 maintains high rigidity. When the ambient temperature is lower than the phase change temperature, the rigidity of the interceptor plate decreases and it is easy to flip under the action of water flow. The thickness of the interceptor plate is 3-12mm, and the facility is suitable for a forebay water flow velocity range of 0.3-1.5m / s. The angle between the interceptor plate 2 and the horizontal water surface is: Effective underwater interception depth for: ,in For the effective underwater interception depth, For the length of interceptor plate 2, Let the angle between the interceptor plate 2 and the horizontal water surface be denoted as . In summary, within the length of the interceptor plate 2... At a certain time, with the included angle As the height increases, the effective interception depth of the interceptor plate 2 in the vertical direction also increases. The angle between the interceptor plate 2 and the horizontal water surface is preferably 15°-45° in a high-temperature environment and preferably 60°-85° in a low-temperature environment.

[0032] The experimental data recording shows the relationship between the temperature and the deployment angle of the interceptor plate 2 in this application, as shown in Table 1 below. The length of the interceptor plate 2 is calculated to be 1.2m. Table 1 ; Conclusion: Under the same flow rate, as the ambient temperature decreases, the stable angle of the interceptor plate 2 increases significantly and the effective interception depth increases significantly, indicating that the interceptor plate 2 can achieve adaptive deployment in low-temperature environments.

[0033] The interception efficiency formula is:

[0034] in, The total number of floating objects entering the test area. The number of floats after passing through the facility. For better interception efficiency; The experimental data, showing the relationship between temperature and interception efficiency in this application, is illustrated in Table 2 below: Table 2 ; Conclusion: As the deployment angle of interceptor plate 2 increases, the overall interception efficiency is significantly improved, especially at temperatures below 5°C, where the interception efficiency can be increased to over 90%.

[0035] The limiting buffer 4 set between the floating frame 1 and the interceptor plate 2 is mainly set at the extreme position of the flipping path of the interceptor plate 2. The limiting buffer 4 can be one or more of the following: elastic buffer block, rubber buffer, polyurethane buffer. It is used to limit the interceptor plate 2 when it flips to the maximum angle and absorb the impact energy at the end of the flipping, so as to avoid the interceptor plate 2 from over-flipping or hard collision, so that the interceptor plate 2 can be buffered and protected in both extreme states of high temperature shrinking and low temperature unfolding.

[0036] The length of the interceptor plate 2 remains basically unchanged under different working conditions. The change in its interception capacity does not come from the change in the length of the plate, but from the change in its angle relative to the horizontal water level. When the interceptor plate 2 is in a high-temperature retracted state, its angle relative to the horizontal water level is small, the effective projection length of the plate in the vertical direction is short, and the interception depth of underwater floating objects and floating ice is small. When the interceptor plate 2 flips to the unfolded state under the combined action of low temperature and water flow, its angle relative to the horizontal water level increases, and the effective projection length of the plate in the vertical direction increases significantly, thereby increasing the effective underwater interception depth. Therefore, the increase in the interception area is actually due to the increase in the effective range of the interception plate 2 in the underwater direction, rather than the significant sinking of the floating frame 1 as a whole.

[0037] Example 2: The adaptive flipping of the interceptor plate 2 is not only related to the temperature response characteristics of the material, but also to the hydrodynamic effect of the forebay water flow on the interceptor plate 2. Specifically, the interceptor plate 2 is rotatably connected to the floating frame 1 through the hinge shaft 13. When the water flow acts on the surface of the interceptor plate 2 in the direction of water flow, the water-facing surface of the interceptor plate 2 bears the impact pressure of the water flow. At this time, there is a lever arm relative to the hinge shaft 13, so a hydrodynamic torque that causes the interceptor plate 2 to flip is formed.

[0038] Under high temperature conditions, the interceptor plate 2 is in a state of high rigidity, and its own restoring moment and bending stiffness are large. Under the same water flow conditions, the hydrodynamic moment is insufficient to overcome the restoring moment of the interceptor plate 2. Therefore, the interceptor plate 2 maintains a retracted state with a small included angle. In low-temperature environments, the stiffness of the interceptor plate 2 decreases and the restoring torque weakens. Under the same water flow impact conditions, the hydrodynamic torque can push the interceptor plate 2 to flip downward around the hinge axis 13, thereby gradually changing from a retracted state to an extended state, and finally stabilizing at the maximum working angle under the action of the limiting buffer 4.

[0039] The formula for the dynamic pressure of the water flow on the interceptor plate 2 is:

[0040] in, The dynamic pressure of the water flow on the interceptor plate 2 For water flow pressure, Given a constant flow velocity, the stiffness of the interceptor plate 2 decreases at low temperatures, making it more prone to overturning under the pressure of the water flow.

[0041] The formula for the resultant hydrodynamic force acting on interceptor plate 2 is:

[0042] in, The hydrodynamic resultant force acting on the water-facing surface of interceptor plate 2, The drag coefficient, The resultant hydrodynamic force acts on the water-facing surface of interceptor plate 2. Therefore, as the tilting angle of interceptor plate 2 changes, its effective water-facing area also changes. It has the property of changing with the angle.

[0043] When the hydrodynamic force The force at the point of application relative to the hinge arm is At that time, the hydrodynamic torque acting on the interceptor plate 2 It can be represented as:

[0044] in For hydrodynamic torque, The distance from the point of application of the hydrodynamic resultant force to the hinge shaft 13, when When the restoring torque of interceptor plate 2 is greater than that of interceptor plate 2, interceptor plate 2 will flip over. When the restoring torque is balanced, the interceptor plate 2 stabilizes at the corresponding angle.

[0045] Therefore, hydrodynamics does not simply cause the interceptor plate to bend, but mainly generates a resultant force on the surface of the interceptor plate 2 and produces a flipping moment relative to the hinge shaft 13, causing the interceptor plate 2 to rotate together with the hinge shaft 13. The temperature response characteristics of the interceptor plate 2 determine its ability to respond to this flipping moment under different ambient temperatures. In high-temperature environments, the interceptor plate 2 has high stiffness and a large material restoring moment. Even with the presence of water flow, the interceptor plate 2 remains within a small included angle range, resulting in low overall water flow resistance. In low-temperature environments, the stiffness of the interceptor plate 2 decreases, and the overturning torque generated by the water flow is more likely to overcome its restoring torque, causing the interceptor plate 2 to gradually flip downwards and unfold. When the interceptor plate 2 flips to the maximum working angle, it is limited and buffered by the limiting buffer 4, thereby ensuring that the unfolding angle is controllable. Table 3. Calculation of Flow Pressure at Different Flow Velocities ; Table 4. Calculation of hydrodynamic resultant force at different flow velocities ; Table 5 shows the stability angle of the interceptor plate at different flow velocities under high temperature conditions. ; Table 6 shows the stability angle of the interceptor plate at different flow velocities under low temperature conditions. ; The table analysis is as follows: As the flow velocity in the forebay increases, the combined force of the water flow pressure and the hydrodynamic force acting on the interceptor plate 2 increases significantly, thereby gradually increasing the overturning torque acting on the interceptor plate 2. In a high-temperature environment, although the hydrodynamic force increases with the flow velocity, the stability angle of the interceptor plate 2 remains within a small range due to its high stiffness. This indicates that the water flow impact is insufficient to cause it to overturn significantly, thus maintaining a low-resistance operating state. In a low-temperature environment, the stiffness of the interceptor plate 2 decreases, and its stability angle is significantly greater than that in the high-temperature condition at the same flow velocity. This indicates that in a low-temperature condition, the hydrodynamic force is more likely to drive the interceptor plate 2 to overturn downward around the hinge axis 13, thereby significantly improving the effective underwater interception depth. Therefore, the working state of the interceptor plate 2 under different temperatures and flow rates is essentially determined by the balance between the hydrodynamic torque and the restoring torque of the interceptor plate 2. At high temperatures, the interceptor plate 2 has high stiffness and a large restoring torque, and the hydrodynamic torque is insufficient to drive it to flip significantly. Therefore, the interceptor plate 2 maintains a small angle of operation. At low temperatures, the stiffness of the interceptor plate 2 decreases and the restoring torque decreases. The hydrodynamic torque can push the interceptor plate 2 to flip to a larger angle, thereby significantly increasing the effective underwater interception depth. By using natural water flow as the driving force and the temperature response characteristics of the material as an adjustment means, adaptive interception can be achieved.

[0046] Example 3: The floating frame 1 has a guide rail 3 on its back. The guide rail 3 is preferably arranged vertically and fixed to the concrete structure of the forebay of the hydropower station and to a fixed point on the waterfront. A sliding sleeve 31 is installed inside the guide rail 3 and is fixed to the back of the floating frame 1. Specifically, the sliding sleeve 31 includes a sliding plate and pulleys. One side of the sliding plate is welded or bolted to the floating frame 1 to support the entire sliding guide structure. The pulleys are connected to the sliding plate via an axle and can rotate freely around the axle. There can be two or more pulleys, spaced apart along the length of the guide rail 3, allowing the pulleys to roll against the inner wall of the guide rail 3. This rolling guide method significantly reduces [damage / loss]. The low-friction resistance of the guide structure reduces jamming caused by ice or sediment in low-temperature environments, thereby improving the operational reliability of the device in cold regions. The sliding sleeve 31 is installed on the back of the floating frame 1 and slides in cooperation with the guide rail 3, so that the floating frame 1 can only move vertically up and down along the guide rail 3, thereby limiting its lateral drift. The guide rail 3 is used to guide the entire facility vertically and limit its lateral movement. The guide rail 3 can be fixedly installed at a fixed point in front of the hydropower station, a fixed point on the waterfront, or a pre-set foundation structure, so that the floating frame 1 slides in cooperation with the guide rail 3 through the sliding sleeve 31, thereby allowing the entire facility to move vertically up and down along the guide rail 3, which can change with the water level.

[0047] In one embodiment, the guide rail 3 can be directly and rigidly connected to an external fixed point. In this case, the guide rail 3 mainly plays a guiding and positioning role, which is suitable for working conditions where the water flow impact is small or the fixed foundation is relatively stable.

[0048] The back of the guide rail 3 is respectively provided with a cable 6 and a spring buffer 5. The cable 6 is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and one end of the two parts of the cable 6 is connected to the same fixed end. The spring buffer 5 is located between the cable 6 and the fixed point on the back of the guide rail 3, and the spring buffer 5 is used for positioning and buffering of the entire facility. The cable 6 is divided into an upper cable 6 and a lower cable 6, and one end of the two parts of the cable 6 is connected to the same fixed end and connected to an external fixed point. The spring buffer 5 is located between the cable 6 and the fixed point on the back of the guide rail 3, and is used to buffer the entire facility from water flow and drift. When floating objects or ice blocks impact, they absorb part of the impact load, improving the overall stability of the facility. Among them, cable 6 is a corrosion-resistant chain, which mainly connects the entire facility to the shore or the fixed point of the hydropower station. The spring buffer 5 is a component made of stretchable spring, which mainly absorbs impact energy. The outer ends of the two cables 6 on one side converge at one point, which facilitates installation and makes the force more even. The cables 6 distributed vertically can form a stable traction constraint on the floating frame 1, preventing the facility from rotating or shifting, and can also share the impact load, so that the entire facility can maintain stable operation in complex hydrodynamic environments.

[0049] In another embodiment, a cable 6 and a spring buffer 5 can be further installed on the back of the guide rail 3. One end of the cable 6 is connected to the back of the guide rail 3, and the other end is connected to the fixed point in front of the hydropower station or the fixed point on the waterfront. The spring buffer 5 is set on the force path of the cable 6 and is used to absorb part of the impact load when the overall facility is impacted by water flow, floating objects or ice, thereby providing flexible constraint and buffer protection for the overall facility. The guide rail 3, cable 6 and spring buffer 5 can be installed individually or in combination according to the site conditions to take into account the positioning stability of the facility and the buffering and impact resistance. Specifically, if it is necessary to use the two in combination, an elastic base can be added separately between the guide rail 3 and the installation position such as the bank wall, so that the guide rail is not completely rigidly connected, and the buffering effect is more obvious.

[0050] An icebreaker 7 is fixed to the front end of the floating frame 1. The icebreaker 7 is located in front of the interceptor plate 2 and its rotation trajectory is independent of that of the interceptor plate 2. The icebreaker 7 can rise and fall with the floating frame 1, but it does not rotate synchronously with the interceptor plate 2. The front end of the icebreaker 7 is inclined from top to bottom to form an ice-facing slope. The icebreaker 7 can be made of high-strength metal material, and its surface ice-facing area can be provided with an arc surface or a flow guiding surface to reduce local stress concentration when ice blocks collide. An ice combing channel 71 is arrayed on the front of the icebreaker 7. An ice-breaking cone 72 is installed in the ice combing channel 71 and extends to the outside of the front end of the icebreaker 7. When a large ice block enters the front of the facility with the water flow, it first comes into contact with the ice-breaking cone 72 and undergoes local cracking or guided cracking. Then, under the guiding effect of the icebreaker 7 and the diversion effect of the ice combing channel 71, it is dispersed and passed through, thereby avoiding the direct impact of a large ice block on the interceptor plate 2.

[0051] Icebreaker 7 is located at the front end of the floating frame 1 on the water-facing side. Its front end forms an ice-facing structure that slopes downwards. When large-volume floating ice enters the front of the facility with the water flow, the floating ice first contacts the front end of icebreaker 7. Under the guiding effect of the ice-facing slope, its overall movement direction is changed, thereby reducing the frontal impact on the rear interceptor plate 2. At the same time, when the floating ice is compressed at the front end of icebreaker 7, it will crack or break locally due to uneven local stress, thereby reducing the overall ice size and reducing the risk of subsequent blockage. Therefore, icebreaker 7 not only plays a role in pre-flow guidance, but also has the effect of pre-breaking and reducing impact on larger ice blocks.

[0052] The ice-breaking rack 7 has multiple ice-splitting channels 71 on its front. Each ice-splitting channel 71 has an ice-breaking cone 72 extending forward. When a large ice block enters the area in front of the facility, it first contacts the front end of the ice-breaking cone 72. The ice-breaking cone 72 concentrates the local force of the ice block into a smaller area, thereby causing the ice block to crack, break, or fracture locally. The broken ice block continues to enter the ice-splitting channel 71, effectively reducing the direct impact of large ice blocks on the interceptor plate 2.

[0053] The experimental data and the effects of ice treatment are recorded in Table 7 below: Table 7 ; Conclusion: By combining the ice-breaking frame 7, the ice-combing channel 71, and the ice-breaking cone 72, the direct impact and blockage probability of large ice blocks on the interceptor plate 2 can be significantly reduced.

[0054] Example 4: Heating components 8 are respectively installed at the floating frame 1, icebreaker 7, and guide rail 3. Specifically, the heating components 8 are located at the hinge shaft 13, the mating point between the guide rail 3 and the sliding sleeve 31, the interceptor plate 2, and the surface of the icebreaker 7. They are used for localized de-icing and antifreeze of easily icing areas. The heating components 8 are one or more combinations of electric heating rods, electric heating tapes, heating cables, heating plates, or heating sleeves. To ensure the normal operation of the entire facility in extremely cold regions, heating components 8 are installed at key locations corresponding to the floating frame 1, icebreaker 7, guide rail 3, and interceptor plate 2. For example, a heating sleeve or electric heating rod is installed at the bearing opening 11 and its surrounding area on the hinge shaft 13. Localized heating keeps the bearing area at a slightly positive temperature, thereby preventing the bearing structure from freezing. Electric heating tape or heating cable is installed in the sliding contact area between the guide rail 3 and the sliding sleeve 31 to cover the sliding stroke range of the sliding sleeve 31. It is fixed to the surface of the guide rail 3 with buckles or metal clips and a waterproof protective layer is installed on the outside to prevent the sliding sleeve 31 from being obstructed. Heating plates or heating cables are arranged on the water-facing or back-facing side of the interceptor plate 2. The heating cables are arranged along the edge of the interceptor plate 2. Since the interceptor plate 2 has a large area, it is preferred to use low-power surface heating plates or heating cables for distributed heating. Waterproof parts are also designed to ensure that the flow holes of the interceptor plate 2 remain unobstructed. Heating cables or electric heating tape are arranged on the water-facing slope of the icebreaker 7 or near the ice combing channel 71. They are arranged along the front slope of the icebreaker 7. Impact-resistant heating cables are used to prevent the ice combing channel 71 from being blocked by ice.

[0055] In another embodiment, the heating component 8 can be connected to the power supply system via a waterproof cable. The power source can be a hydroelectric power station. A solar panel is also added to the top of the vessel frame to provide auxiliary power to the heating component 8 in conjunction with a battery and controller. Furthermore, the heating component 8 can be automatically controlled in conjunction with a temperature control module. The heating component 8 starts when the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature and stops working when the ambient temperature is higher than the set temperature. By setting local heating components 8 at key moving parts and ice-facing structures, the freezing and icing blockage problems of the structure can be effectively prevented in low-temperature environments in cold regions, thereby ensuring the reliable operation of the drift-blocking facility in complex frozen hydrodynamic environments.

[0056] The experimental data recording and the de-icing effect test of the heating component 8 are shown in Table 8 below. The low-temperature icing condition of the heating component 8, which is set on the hinge shaft 13, guide rail 3, interceptor plate 2 and icebreaker 7, was verified. Table 8 ; Conclusion: The heating component 8 can effectively de-ice key parts such as the hinge shaft 13, guide rail 3, interceptor plate 2 and ice-breaking frame 7, ensuring that the device can still work normally in low-temperature environments.

[0057] Example 5: Based on the float-blocking facilities mentioned in the above embodiments, an adaptive float-blocking facility operation method suitable for the forebay of hydropower stations in high-altitude and cold regions includes the following steps: Sp1: Place the guide rail 3 at the preset position in the forebay of the hydropower station, so that the floating frame 1 is slidably connected to the guide rail 3 through the sliding sleeve 31, and the overall positioning is completed by the cable 6 and the spring buffer 5. The cable 6 is kept in a certain pre-tension state, so that the spring buffer 5 is in the initial elastic deformation state. When the overall facility is impacted by water flow or floating objects, the cable 6 is subjected to increased force and further stretches the spring buffer 5, thereby absorbing part of the impact energy and reducing the peak impact load. Sp2: The floating frame 1 floats on the water surface by its own buoyancy and moves vertically up and down along the guide rail 3 when the water level changes. The floating frame 1 always remains floating under the action of buoyancy. The guide rail 3 and the sliding sleeve 31 form a sliding guide fit, so that the whole facility only moves vertically up and down along the guide rail 3 during the process of water level change, thereby ensuring that the interception plate 2 is always in the working area close to the water surface, so as to improve the interception ability of floating objects and floating ice. Sp3: In high-temperature environments, the high rigidity of the interceptor plate 2 is used to keep the interceptor plate 2 in a retracted position and operate at a smaller interception angle to reduce water flow resistance. The flipping state of the interceptor plate 2 is determined by the balance between the hydrodynamic torque and the material restoring torque. When the ambient temperature is high, the material of the interceptor plate 2 is in a high stiffness state, and the material restoring torque is greater than the flipping torque generated by the water flow impact. Therefore, the interceptor plate 2 remains in the retracted state. When the ambient temperature decreases, the stiffness of the interceptor plate 2 decreases, and under the same water flow conditions, the hydrodynamic torque gradually exceeds the material restoring torque, thereby driving the interceptor plate 2 to flip and enter the unfolding position. Sp4: In low temperature environment, taking advantage of the reduced stiffness of the interceptor plate 2, the interceptor plate 2 is flipped downward around the hinge axis 13 to the unfolding position under the impact of water flow, and after reaching the maximum flipping angle, it is limited and buffered by the limiting buffer 4 to increase the effective underwater interception area. When the interceptor plate 2 flips to its maximum working angle, the limiting buffer 4 contacts the interceptor plate 2 and restricts it from continuing to flip. At the same time, it absorbs part of the water flow impact energy through elastic deformation, thereby preventing the interceptor plate 2 from being damaged due to excessive flipping.

[0058] Sp5: The ice-breaking frame 7, the ice-combing channel 71 and the ice-breaking cone 72 are used to guide, divide and break up large ice blocks entering the facility, thereby reducing the direct blockage and impact of ice blocks on the interceptor plate 2. Large-volume ice floes first come into contact with the ice-breaking cone 72 and then pass through the inclined section at the front end of the ice-breaking frame 7. Under the propulsion of the water flow, they are guided and deflected along the inclined surface of the ice-breaking frame 7, causing the ice to crack or break. The broken ice blocks are diverted through the ice combing channel 71, thereby reducing the direct impact of the ice blocks on the interception plate 2 and the risk of blockage.

[0059] Sp6: Use heating assembly 8 to locally de-ice the hinge shaft 13, guide rail 3, interceptor plate 2 and / or icebreaker 7 to prevent critical parts from freezing and getting stuck.

[0060] The heating component 8 is automatically controlled by the temperature control module. When the ambient temperature is lower than the preset threshold, the heating component 8 will start automatically to locally heat the hinge shaft 13, the mating part of the guide rail 3 and the sliding sleeve 31, the surface of the interceptor plate 2 and the surface of the icebreaker 7 to prevent the key structures from freezing. When the ambient temperature returns to above the preset threshold, the heating component 8 will stop working, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0061] Preferably, the angle between the interceptor plate 2 and the water level is 15°-45° in a high-temperature environment and between 60°-85° in a low-temperature environment.

[0062] Preferably, the large volume ice block first comes into contact with the ice-breaking cone 72 and is partially broken, and then is diverted or deflected away from the area in front of the interceptor plate 2 through the ice combing channel 71. When the ambient temperature is lower than a preset threshold, the heating components 8 at the corresponding positions of the hinge shaft 13, guide rail 3, ice-breaking frame 7 and interceptor plate 2 work to perform local de-icing.

[0063] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a reference structure" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0064] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adaptive drift-blocking device suitable for the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region, comprising a floating frame (1), characterized in that: Hinges (13) are provided at both ends of the floating frame (1), and interceptor plates (2) are provided on the surface of the hinges (13). Limiting buffers (4) are installed at both ends of the floating frame (1), and the buffers are located between the floating frame (1) and the interceptor plates (2). The back of the floating frame (1) is provided with a guide rail (3), and a sliding sleeve (31) is installed inside the guide rail (3). The sliding sleeve (31) is fixed to the back of the floating frame (1). The back of the guide rail (3) is provided with a cable (6) and a spring buffer (5). The front end of the floating frame (1) is fixed with an icebreaker (7), and the front end of the icebreaker (7) is inclined from top to bottom. An ice combing channel (71) is arrayed on the front of the icebreaker (7), and an ice-breaking cone (72) is installed in the ice combing channel (71), and the ice-breaking cone (72) extends to the outside of the front end of the icebreaker (7).

2. The adaptive drift-blocking device for the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interceptor plate (2) is made of shape memory alloy and has flow holes for water to pass through on its surface. The interceptor plate (2) is a temperature-responsive shape memory alloy plate. It maintains high rigidity and is in a retracted state in a high-temperature environment. In a low-temperature environment, its rigidity decreases and it flips downward around the hinge axis (13) to the unfolded state under the impact of water flow, so as to increase the effective underwater interception area. The floating frame (1) is a self-floating component used for the entire facility to float on the water surface.

3. The adaptive drift-blocking device for the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating frame (1) has bearing openings (11) at both ends, and the hinge shaft (13) is rotatably installed inside the bearing opening (11) to form the rotation fulcrum of the interceptor plate (2). A linkage rod (14) is fixed between the two hinge shafts (13).

4. The adaptive drift-blocking device for the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating frame (1) has an active area (12) at both ends, and the interceptor plate (2) is located at the active area (12). The limiting buffer (4) is located on the front and rear sides of the active area (12).

5. The adaptive drift-blocking device for the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable (6) is divided into an upper part and a lower part. One end of the two parts of the cable (6) are connected to the same fixed end. The spring buffer (5) is located between the cable (6) and the fixed point on the back of the guide rail (3), and the spring buffer (5) is used to position and buffer the overall facility.

6. The adaptive drift-blocking device for the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that: Heating components (8) are installed at the floating frame (1), icebreaker (7) and guide rail (3) respectively. The heating components (8) are specifically located at the hinge shaft (13), the joint between the guide rail (3) and the sliding sleeve (31), the edge of the interceptor plate (2) and the surface of the icebreaker (7), and are used to locally de-ice and prevent freezing of the parts that are prone to freezing.

7. The adaptive drift-blocking device for the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interceptor plate (2) is a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy plate, the limiting buffer (4) is one or more of an elastic buffer block, a rubber buffer or a polyurethane buffer, and the heating component (8) is one or more of an electric heating rod, an electric heating tape, a heating cable, a heating plate or a heating sleeve.

8. The method for operating an adaptive drift-blocking facility in the forebay of a hydropower station in a cold region according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The operating method includes the following steps: Sp1: Place the guide rail (3) at the preset position in the forebay of the hydropower station, so that the floating frame (1) is slidably connected to the guide rail (3) through the sliding sleeve (31), and complete the overall positioning through the cable (6) and the spring buffer (5); Sp2: Make the floating frame (1) float on the water surface by its own buoyancy, and make vertical rise and fall along the guide rail (3) when the water level changes; Sp3: In a high-temperature environment, the high rigidity of the interceptor plate (2) is used to keep the interceptor plate (2) in a retracted position and operate at a smaller interception angle to reduce water flow resistance; Sp4: In a low-temperature environment, the interceptor plate (2) is made to rotate downward around the hinge axis (13) to the unfolding position under the impact of water flow, and after reaching the maximum rotation angle, it is limited and buffered by the limiting buffer (4) to increase the effective underwater interception area. Sp5: Using ice-breaking racks (7), ice combing channels (71) and ice-breaking cones (72) to guide, divide and break large ice blocks entering the facility, thereby reducing the direct blockage and impact of ice blocks on the interceptor plate (2); Sp6: Use the heating assembly (8) to locally de-ice the hinge shaft (13), guide rail (3), interceptor plate (2) and / or icebreaker (7) to prevent critical parts from freezing and getting stuck.

9. The method for operating adaptive drift-blocking facilities in the forebay of hydropower stations in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that: In high-temperature environments, the angle between the interceptor plate (2) and the water level is 15°-45°, and in low-temperature environments, the angle between the interceptor plate (2) and the water level is 60°-85°.

10. The method for operating adaptive drift-blocking facilities in the forebay of hydropower stations in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that: The large volume of ice first comes into contact with the ice-breaking cone (72) and is partially broken. Then it is diverted through the ice combing channel (71) or deflected away from the area in front of the interceptor plate (2). When the ambient temperature is lower than the preset threshold, the heating components (8) at the corresponding positions of the hinge shaft (13), guide rail (3), ice-breaking frame (7) and interceptor plate (2) work to perform local de-icing.

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