Anchoring device suitable for large-scale deformation and displacement monitoring of coal mine slope body
By inserting vertical anchor bolts and using hook-claw anchoring mechanisms on the frame base, the error problem of large-scale slope displacement detection in existing technologies has been solved, achieving stable fixation and accurate monitoring of coal mine slopes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHWEST INST OF ECO ENVIRONMENT & RESOURCES CAS
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-10
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, coal mine slope landslide displacement detection equipment can only detect single-point displacement and cannot detect large-scale slope displacement. Furthermore, the stability of the insertion rod is insufficient, making it prone to instability, especially on loess slopes with strong collapsibility and well-developed vertical joints, leading to false measurements or large detection errors.
The system employs a vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism, a hook-claw anchoring mechanism, and a slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit on the frame base. Through the synergistic effect of the screw-type jacking and hook-claw anchoring mechanism, it achieves stable fixation of a large area of soil and detects the amount of soil deformation through displacement sensors.
It enables stable fixation and precise displacement monitoring of large-scale slopes, is applicable to slopes with special characteristics such as loess, reduces detection errors, and provides a stable monitoring foundation.
Smart Images
Figure CN122359615A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of landslide displacement detection technology, and in particular to an anchoring device suitable for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes. Background Technology
[0002] A typical open-pit coal mine slope consists of, from top to bottom, a layer of aeolian sand / loess, a layer of loose, weak soil and rock, a layer of weathered and fractured rock, and a deep layer of hard rock. This slope is susceptible to deformation and even instability under its own weight, external loads, and rainfall. The loess and loose, weak soil and rock layers on the upper part of the open-pit coal mine slope are particularly vulnerable due to their high collapsibility, well-developed vertical joints, and high porosity. Their displacement and deformation can easily trigger sudden geological disasters such as landslides and collapses, seriously threatening the safety of the project and the lives and property of people in the surrounding area. Therefore, accurate and real-time displacement monitoring is crucial for slope stability assessment and disaster early warning.
[0003] Currently, the detection method for landslide displacement measurement equipment in coal mines typically involves inserting a single rod or a rectangular plate with 2-4 rods into the slope soil as detection points. This method can only reflect the displacement at a specific point and cannot reflect the displacement of a large area of the slope. Moreover, this method, which relies solely on a single or a few vertical rods as a fixed foundation, lacks sufficient stability between itself and the soil. This is especially true for loess slopes with strong collapsibility, well-developed vertical joints, and high void ratios. The rods themselves are prone to instability and large displacements, rather than displacing synchronously with the slope, leading to mismeasurements or large detection errors. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this application is to address the technical deficiencies in the existing technology by providing an anchoring device suitable for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes.
[0005] The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of this application is: An anchoring device suitable for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes includes a frame base and a vertical anchor rod insertion mechanism, a hook anchoring mechanism, and a slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit installed on the frame base. The vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism includes a fixed mounting block, a screw, a sliding block, a frame, and multiple anchor bolts. The fixed mounting block is fixedly installed on the frame base, and the screw is vertically installed through the fixed mounting block. The sliding block is slidably installed at the bottom of the fixed mounting block, and the bottom of the screw contacts the sliding block. The frame is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sliding block, and a row of spaced anchor bolts is arranged on the frame. There are two hook anchoring mechanisms, which are symmetrically installed on the frame base and located outside the vertical anchor insertion mechanism. The hook anchoring mechanism includes a drive cylinder, a rocker arm, a rotating shaft, a swing arm, a mounting plate, and multiple hooks. The drive cylinder is installed on the frame base through a hinge bracket, the rotating shaft is installed on the bottom surface of the frame base through a bearing mounting seat, the actuating rod of the drive cylinder is connected to the rotating shaft through the rocker arm, the two ends of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected to the top of the swing arm, and the mounting plate is fixedly installed on the swing arm. Multiple hooks are arranged at intervals on the mounting plate. The slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit is installed on the frame base and located above each swing arm of the hook anchoring mechanism. It is used to detect the amount of movement of the swing arm relative to the frame base to represent the amount of bulging and depression deformation of the soil.
[0006] In the above technical solution, the frame base includes two parallel crossbeams and two fixing plates, which are respectively fixedly installed at the bottom positions of the left and right sides of the crossbeams.
[0007] In the above technical solution, there are two vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanisms, which are respectively installed on two fixed plates of the frame base.
[0008] In the above technical solution, a tapered anchor head is provided at the bottom end of the anchor bolt.
[0009] In the above technical solution, a barb structure is provided at the bottom end of the hook claw.
[0010] In the above technical solution, the slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit adopts a displacement sensor, preferably a contact displacement sensor, so that its contact is in contact with the swing arm.
[0011] In the above technical solution, a target is set on the frame base. The displacement of the large slope area where the anchoring device is located is evaluated by measuring the positional change of the target.
[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The anchoring device of the present invention includes a frame base and a vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism, a hook-claw anchoring mechanism, and a slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit disposed on the frame base. The vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism adopts a screw-type jacking method, which can easily insert a large number of anchor bolts in rows vertically into the soil. The two symmetrically arranged hook-claw anchoring mechanisms can also be fully inserted into the soil under the drive of hydraulic cylinders. The vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism provides a stable vertical anchoring effect in the middle, while the two symmetrically arranged hook-claw anchoring mechanisms on the outer sides provide a gripping effect towards the middle. In this way, not only can the soil be gripped over a large area, but the soil can also better secure the vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism in the middle. Thus, under the comprehensive synergistic effect of the vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism and the hook-claw anchoring mechanisms on both sides, the entire anchoring device can be stably fixed to a large area of soil.
[0013] This invention incorporates a slope bulging and subsidence deformation detection unit positioned above each swing arm of the frame base and hook-claw anchoring mechanism. This unit detects the movement of the swing arm relative to the frame base, representing the bulging and subsidence deformation of the soil. This is suitable for monitoring the characteristics of loess, such as its strong collapsibility and well-developed vertical joints. Furthermore, it should be noted that after the drive cylinder drives the hook of the hook-claw anchoring mechanism to insert into the soil, the drive cylinder is disassembled. Since the drive cylinder is costly, it can be reused, thus avoiding waste. Then, the system enters monitoring mode. In monitoring mode, the swing arm loses the restraint of the drive cylinder, allowing it to swing with the bulging or subsidence of the soil. The movement of the swing arm is then detected by the slope bulging and subsidence deformation detection unit.
[0014] The anchoring device provided by this invention, in addition to detecting the bulging and sinking deformation of the soil through the slope bulging and sinking deformation detection unit set on it, also has the following functions: When in use, the anchoring device of this invention is inserted and fixed on the slope to be tested, which can achieve stable fixation with a large area of slope, thereby making the anchoring device a monitoring base that can reflect the displacement of the large area of slope where it is located. In practical applications, a target (i.e., an observed target) can be set on the frame base of the anchoring device of this invention, and the displacement of the large area of slope where the anchoring device is located can be judged by measuring the position change of the target. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring device of the present invention, which is applicable to the monitoring of large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes.
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism in this invention.
[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hook-claw anchoring mechanism in this invention.
[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit in this invention.
[0020] In the diagram: 11-Frame base, 12-Vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism, 13-Hook and claw anchoring mechanism, 14-Slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit, 111-Crossbeam, 112-Fixing plate, 121-Fixing mounting block, 122-Screw, 123-Sliding block, 124-Frame, 125-Anchor bolt, 1211-Connecting lug, 1231-Sliding rod, 1251-Conical anchor head, 131-Drive cylinder, 132-Rocker arm, 133-Rotating shaft, 134-Swing arm, 135-Mounting plate, 136-Hook and claw, 137-Hinged bracket, 138-Bearing mounting seat, 1361-Barbock structure, 141-Mounting bracket. Detailed Implementation
[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0022] An anchoring device suitable for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes, see appendix. Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 4 It includes a frame base 11 and a vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism 12, a hook and claw anchoring mechanism 13, and a slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit 14, all installed on the frame base 11.
[0023] The frame base 11 includes two parallel crossbeams 111 and two fixing plates 112, which are respectively fixedly installed at the bottom of the left and right sides of the crossbeams 111.
[0024] Preferably, there are two vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanisms 12, which are respectively installed on two fixed plates 112 of the frame base 11. Specifically, the structure of each vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism 12 includes a fixed mounting block 121, a screw 122, a sliding block 123, a frame 124, and multiple anchor bolts 125. The fixed mounting block 121 is fixedly installed on the fixed plate 112 of the frame base 11 (the side of the fixed mounting block 121 is provided with a connecting ear 1211, which is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 112 of the frame base 11 by bolts); the screw 122 is vertically installed through the fixed mounting block 121, and the two are threaded together; the sliding block 123 is slidably installed at the bottom of the fixed mounting block 121 by two sliding rods 1231, and the screw 122... The bottom acts on the sliding block 123. When the screw 122 is screwed downward, the bottom of the screw 122 pushes the sliding block 123 downward, causing the sliding block 123 to move downward under force. The frame 124 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the sliding block 123. A row of spaced anchor rods 125 are arranged on the frame 124. Each anchor rod 125 has a conical anchor head 1251 at its bottom end. The screw 122 then drives the sliding block 123 downward. The sliding block 123 drives the frame 124 and all the anchor rods 125 to move downward, so that the anchor rods 125 are inserted into the soil. After being inserted into the soil, the conical anchor head 1251 at the bottom end of the anchor rod 125 can play a good anchoring role.
[0025] There are two hook anchoring mechanisms 13, which are symmetrically installed on two fixed plates 112 of the frame base 11. Specifically, each hook anchoring mechanism 13 includes a drive cylinder 131, a rocker arm 132, a rotating shaft 133, a swing arm 134, a mounting plate 135, and multiple hooks 136. The drive cylinder 131 is mounted on the fixed plate 112 of the frame base 11 via a hinge bracket 137. The rotating shaft 133 is mounted on the bottom surface of the fixed plate 112 via two left and right bearing mounting seats 138 (the rotating shaft 133 can rotate on the bearing mounting seats 138). The drive cylinder 131 is preferably hydraulic. The cylinder, the actuator rod of the drive cylinder 131, is connected to the rotating shaft 133 via the rocker arm 132. Both ends of the rotating shaft 133 are fixedly connected to the top of the swing arm 134. Therefore, when the rotating shaft 133 rotates, it drives the swing arm 134 to swing (here, "swinging" refers to the swing arm 134 rotating around the axis of the rotating shaft 133). The mounting plate 135 is fixedly mounted on the swing arm 134. Multiple hooks 136 are spaced apart on the mounting plate 135, and each hook 136 has a barb structure 1361 at its bottom end. The actuator rod of the drive cylinder 131 drives the rotating shaft 133 to rotate via the rocker arm 132. This, in turn, causes the rotating shaft 133 to move the swing arm 134, the mounting plate 135, and the hooks 136 inwards, allowing the hooks 136 to insert into the soil.
[0026] Furthermore, the two hook-claw anchoring mechanisms 13 are located on the outside of the two vertical anchor rod insertion mechanisms 12. In use, preferably, the two vertical anchor rod insertion mechanisms 12 in the middle are first inserted into the soil, and then the two hook-claw anchoring mechanisms 13 on the outside are driven to move inward synchronously, so that their hooks 136 are inserted into the soil. The vertical anchor rod insertion mechanism 12 provides a stable vertical anchoring effect in the middle, while the two hook-claw anchoring mechanisms 13 symmetrically arranged on the outside provide a gripping effect towards the middle. In this way, not only can the soil be gripped over a large area, but the soil can also better tighten (closely compress) the vertical anchor rod insertion mechanism 12 in the middle. Thus, under the comprehensive synergistic effect of the vertical anchor rod insertion mechanism 12 and the hook-claw anchoring mechanisms 13 on both sides, the entire anchoring device can be stably fixed to a large area of soil, providing a stable detection basis for the relative displacement detection between large slopes.
[0027] The slope bulging and subsidence deformation detection unit 14 is mounted on the fixed plate 112 of the frame base 11 via a mounting bracket 141, and is positioned above each swing arm 134 of the hook anchoring mechanism 13. The slope bulging and subsidence deformation detection unit 14 employs a displacement sensor (preferably a contact displacement sensor with its contact point in contact with the swing arm 134) to detect the amount of movement of the swing arm 134 relative to the fixed plate 112 of the frame base 11, representing the amount of bulging and subsidence deformation of the soil. This is suitable for monitoring the characteristics of loess, such as strong collapsibility and well-developed vertical joints.
[0028] Furthermore, it should be noted that after the drive cylinder 131 drives the hook 136 of the hook anchoring mechanism 13 to insert into the soil, the drive cylinder 131 is disassembled (the drive cylinder 131 is relatively expensive and can be reused to avoid waste), and then the system enters the monitoring state. In the monitoring state, the swing arm 134 loses the restraining effect of the drive cylinder 131, allowing the swing arm 134 to swing with the expansion or contraction of the soil, and the movement of the swing arm 134 is detected by the slope expansion and contraction deformation detection unit 14.
[0029] Furthermore, the anchoring device provided by this invention, in addition to detecting the amount of bulging and concave deformation of the soil through the slope bulging and concave deformation detection unit 14 set on it, also has the following functions: When in use, the anchoring device of this invention is inserted and fixed on the slope to be tested, which can achieve stable fixation with a large area of slope, thereby making the anchoring device a monitoring base that can reflect the displacement of the large area of slope where it is located. In practical applications, a target (i.e., an observed target) can be set on the frame base 11 of the anchoring device of this invention, and the displacement of the large area of slope where the anchoring device is located can be judged by measuring the position change of the target (for example, the position change of the target can be measured by a total station).
[0030] For ease of explanation, spatial relative terms such as “up,” “down,” “left,” and “right” are used in the embodiments to describe the relationship of one element or feature shown in the figures relative to another element or feature. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientations shown in the figures, spatial terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, an element described as being “down” of other elements or features would be positioned “up” of those other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary term “down” can encompass both up and down orientations. The device may be positioned in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.
[0031] Moreover, relational terms such as “first” and “second” are used merely to distinguish one component from another that has the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between the components.
[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. An anchoring device suitable for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes, characterized in that: It includes a frame base and a vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism, a hook anchoring mechanism, and a slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit installed on the frame base; The vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanism includes a fixed mounting block, a screw, a sliding block, a frame, and multiple anchor bolts. The fixed mounting block is fixedly installed on the frame base, and the screw is vertically installed through the fixed mounting block. The sliding block is slidably installed at the bottom of the fixed mounting block, and the bottom of the screw contacts the sliding block. The frame is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sliding block, and a row of spaced anchor bolts is arranged on the frame. There are two hook anchoring mechanisms, which are symmetrically installed on the frame base and located outside the vertical anchor insertion mechanism. The hook anchoring mechanism includes a drive cylinder, a rocker arm, a rotating shaft, a swing arm, a mounting plate, and multiple hooks. The drive cylinder is installed on the frame base through a hinge bracket, the rotating shaft is installed on the bottom surface of the frame base through a bearing mounting seat, the actuating rod of the drive cylinder is connected to the rotating shaft through the rocker arm, the two ends of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected to the top of the swing arm, and the mounting plate is fixedly installed on the swing arm. Multiple hooks are arranged at intervals on the mounting plate. The slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit is installed on the frame base and located above each swing arm of the hook anchoring mechanism. It is used to detect the amount of movement of the swing arm relative to the frame base to represent the amount of bulging and depression deformation of the soil.
2. The anchoring device for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame base includes two parallel crossbeams and two fixing plates, which are respectively fixedly installed at the bottom of the left and right sides of the crossbeams.
3. The anchoring device for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are two vertical anchor bolt insertion mechanisms, which are respectively installed on two fixed plates of the frame base.
4. The anchoring device for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the anchor bolt is equipped with a tapered anchor head.
5. The anchoring device for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the hook claw is equipped with a barb structure.
6. The anchoring device for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope bulging and depression deformation detection unit uses a displacement sensor.
7. The anchoring device for monitoring large-scale deformation and displacement of coal mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A target is set on the frame substrate.