Highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magnetic optical trap module

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology and discloses a highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module, including an atomic beam cavity, and further including: an assembly connecting plate, on which a first mounting area, a second mounting area, and a third mounting area are sequentially arranged along the center outward direction; and a coaxial locking component, which locks the assembly connecting plate, the magnetic field coil module, and the cooling optical module to a fixed relative position. This invention achieves spatial nesting of the magnetic field and optics by radially and coaxially integrating the atomic beam cavity, the magnetic field coil module, and the cooling optical module, forming an integrated module with a volume much smaller than traditional discrete structures. Simultaneously, the coaxial locking component presses and maintains the coaxiality of each functional module along the axial direction. During use, installation can be completed simply by docking with an external vacuum cavity, inserting optical fibers, and connecting plug-in terminals, eliminating the need for on-site debugging of the optical path and magnetic field position, greatly simplifying the assembly and adjustment process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology, specifically a highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module. Background Technology

[0002] Two-dimensional magneto-optical traps (2D-MOTs) are key devices in the field of cold atom physics used to prepare high-throughput cold atom beams. They are widely used in atomic clocks, atomic interferometers, and quantum precision measurement. The basic principle is to pre-cool the atomic beam released from the metal source by combining transverse cooling light with a magnetic field gradient to form a collimated cold atom beam, thereby improving the atomic loading efficiency of the downstream three-dimensional magneto-optical trap.

[0003] Traditional two-dimensional magneto-optical trap systems employ a discrete design, meaning the vacuum chamber, optical system, and magnetic field system are each independent. Specifically: The vacuum chamber contains a separate metal source mounting cavity and a vacuum flange, and has a complex structure and large volume. The optical system is constructed from multiple independent optical components mounted on an optical adjustment frame. It requires manual alignment around the vacuum cavity, making the assembly and adjustment process cumbersome. The magnetic field system uses an external coil installed outside the vacuum cavity. In order to achieve the required magnetic field gradient, the coil is large in size and occupies the space of the optomechanical installation.

[0004] Because there is no unified installation standard among the various functional modules, the relative positions of the magnetic field coil and the cooling optical path need to be adjusted on-site during assembly, resulting in a large overall size, complex assembly and adjustment, poor stability, and difficult maintenance.

[0005] Therefore, a highly integrated, miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides a highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module, comprising an atomic beam cavity, and further comprising: The assembly connecting plate has a first mounting area, a second mounting area, and a third mounting area arranged sequentially from the center outwards. The atomic beam cavity is located in the first mounting area; A magnetic field coil module is disposed on the second mounting area and sleeved around the atomic beam cavity; A cooling optical module is located on the third mounting area and is fitted onto the side of the magnetic field coil module; The cooling optical module includes a symmetrically arranged cooling light incident module and a cooling light reflection module to form a cooling optical path; The magnetic field coil module has symmetrically arranged open holes, which correspond to the cooling optical path to allow the cooling optical path to pass through. The magnetic field coil module and the cooling optical module form an overlapping magnetic field and a two-dimensional cooling optical field within the atomic beam cavity; The coaxial locking component includes a connecting rod that passes through the assembly connecting plate and the magnetic field coil module along the axial direction, and a clamping component that cooperates with the end of the connecting rod, thereby locking the assembly connecting plate, the magnetic field coil module and the cooling light module to a fixed relative position.

[0008] In the above technical solution, preferably, the assembly connecting plate includes a plate body, and the plate body is provided with: The first installation area includes a through hole opened at the center of the plate, and the atomic beam cavity is disposed in the through hole; The second installation area includes a recessed groove for axially positioning and installing the magnetic field coil module, and a first connecting part for connecting with the magnetic field coil module. The third mounting area includes a positioning part for positioning and connecting with the clamping member, and a second connecting part for connecting with the cooling optical module; The wiring cavity is located inside the plate body; The first wire-passing aperture is opened on the surface of the plate and communicates with the wiring cavity; Multiple sets of plug-in terminals are provided on the plate and are electrically connected to the atomic beam cavity and the magnetic field coil module respectively through the first through-hole and the wiring cavity. And a first guide hole for the connecting rod to pass through, and for axially guiding and radially limiting the connecting rod.

[0009] In the above technical solution, preferably, the magnetic field coil module includes: The skeleton has symmetrically distributed mounting slots on its inner sidewall and has a hollow part that runs through the axis for the atomic beam cavity to pass through. The sidewall of the frame has an open hole corresponding to the cooling light path, so that the cooling light can be incident and reflected without blocking the light path. The mounting groove is connected to the open hole; The top cover is detachably fitted onto the frame; Symmetrically arranged magnetic field coils are respectively installed in the mounting slots of the frame; The frame is also provided with a second guide hole for the connecting rod to pass through.

[0010] In the above technical solution, preferably, the cooling optical module includes: Multiple sets of cooling light incident modules and cooling light reflection modules are arranged alternately along the circumference of the atomic beam cavity to form a hollow region. The hollow region is fitted around the magnetic field coil module to form an orthogonal two-dimensional cooling light field within the atomic beam cavity.

[0011] In the above technical solution, preferably, the cooling optical module further includes: The incident module mounting base and the reflection module mounting base are used to install the cooling light incident module and the cooling light reflection module, respectively. Both the incident module mounting base and the reflection module mounting base include: The mounting plate has a mounting hole on one side and a positioning protrusion on the other side that matches the mounting hole. Adjacent mounting plates are connected to each other through the engagement of the positioning protrusions and mounting holes to form a frame, and are locked together by the first connector; The mounting plate for mounting the cooling light incident module has a through hole that runs along the optical path to accommodate the cooling light incident module, and the mounting plate is covered with a dust cover. The mounting plate for installing the cooling light reflection module has an internal assembly slot for accommodating the cooling light reflection module.

[0012] In the above technical solution, preferably, the cooling light incident module includes: The beam guiding and shaping module is located inside the dust cover and is used to receive cooling light and output a single-line parallel beam. The optical path conversion module is installed in the through hole of the incident module mounting base. It is used to divide the parallel light into multiple strip-shaped light spots after two reflections and adjust the polarization state before it is emitted. The cooling light reflection module includes a polarization adjustment and reflection module, which is used to reflect the cooling light emitted from the cooling light incident module back to the cooling light incident module to form a two-dimensional cooling light field.

[0013] In the above technical solution, preferably, the beam guiding and shaping module includes the following components arranged sequentially along the axis parallel to the atomic beam cavity: The fiber optic collimation input module is used to receive cooling light and output a collimated beam. A beam broadening element is used to diverge the collimated beam into a single-line diverging beam; A beam collimating element is used to converge the divergent light in a line into a parallel light in a line; The optical path conversion module includes: An optical path folding element is used to change the propagation direction of the parallel light beam after it undergoes two reflections. A beam splitting element is disposed on the outgoing optical path of the optical path folding element, and is used to split the incident beam into multiple strip-shaped light spots; The reflection module includes optical path reflection elements; The cooling light emitted from the beam splitting element is reflected by the optical path reflecting element and returns along the original path to form a two-dimensional cooling light field in the atomic beam cavity.

[0014] In the above technical solution, preferably, the clamping member includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and the upper substrate and the lower substrate are respectively provided with countersunk holes and through holes adapted to the two ends of the connecting rod; The two ends of the connecting rod are respectively inserted into the countersunk hole and the through hole and connected by the second connector to lock the upper substrate and the lower substrate axially, thereby coaxially fixing the assembly connecting plate, magnetic field coil module and cooling optical module located between them into one unit.

[0015] In the above technical solution, preferably, the upper substrate includes a pressure plate and an extension cover, and the pressure plate has the following: A light-passing aperture is used to allow the pushed light to pass through; The third guide hole is used for the connecting rod to pass through and for axial guidance. It also includes a third connecting part, which passes through the extension cover and the pressure plate in sequence and is threadedly connected to the cooling optical module; The countersunk hole is formed on the extension cover and is adapted to connect to the end of the connecting rod; The pressure plate and the extension cover form an accommodating space for installing the push light component; The push light assembly includes a push light quick-install collimation module and a beam splitter arranged along the optical path, used to output push light and incident it into the atomic beam cavity through the light-passing hole; The extension cover also has a detachable interface for mounting an external camera.

[0016] In the above technical solution, preferably, a central hole is formed on the lower substrate for the atomic beam cavity to pass through; The bottom of the lower substrate is connected to a vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange. A through hole is opened in the center of the vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange. One side of the flange is sealed to the atomic beam cavity through a first sealing blade, and the other side is sealed to the external vacuum equipment through a second sealing blade. The lower substrate is also provided with: A through hole is provided for the connecting rod to pass through and be fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod. The second connector is used to connect with the assembly connecting plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention integrates the atomic beam cavity, magnetic field coil module, and cooling optical module radially and coaxially, achieving spatial nesting of magnetic field and optics to form an integrated module with a volume much smaller than the traditional discrete structure. At the same time, the coaxial locking components press each functional module axially and keep it coaxial. During use, installation can be completed simply by docking with the external vacuum cavity, inserting the optical fiber, and connecting the plug-in terminals. There is no need to debug the optical path and magnetic field position on site, which greatly simplifies the assembly and adjustment process.

[0018] 2. The magnetic field coil module of the present invention adopts an internal design, with the coil closely attached to the central cooling area. Under the premise of meeting the required magnetic field gradient, the coil volume and space occupation are effectively reduced. Through the cooperation of multiple sets of guide light holes and connecting rods, the axial coaxiality of each module is ensured, avoiding the optical path drift problem caused by vibration in traditional discrete structures. At the same time, the cooperation between the internal wiring cavity and the plug-in terminal realizes the centralized electrical connection, effectively reducing external cable interference and improving system stability.

[0019] 3. This invention uses a circumferentially alternating arrangement of cooling light incident modules and reflection modules to form a hollow region surrounding the magnetic field coil module, resulting in a tight spatial nesting of the optical path and magnetic field, further compressing the overall size of the device. Simultaneously, the cooling light incident module employs a double-reflection optical path folding design, shaping the point beam into a strip-shaped light spot before emission, forming a reciprocating optical path with the reflection module. This achieves efficient lateral pre-cooling of the atomic beam within a limited space, providing a stable atomic beam output. Each functional module uses a standard mechanical interface, achieving rapid positioning and reliable connection through interlocking positioning and connector locking. In case of module failure, the entire module can be directly replaced without re-aligning the optical path, reducing maintenance difficulty. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the connecting rod and clamping member of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vacuum chamber sealing transition flange of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the vacuum chamber sealing transition flange of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the substrate of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the substrate structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a top view of the assembly connecting plate of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a bottom view of the skeleton structure of the present invention; Figure 9This is a side view of the magnetic field coil module of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the skeleton of the present invention; Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the incident module mounting base and the reflection module mounting base of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a top view of the incident module mounting base and the reflection module mounting base of the present invention; Figure 13 This is an optical path diagram of the fiber collimation and guide module and the first polarization adjustment element of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a top view of the pressure plate structure of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the push-light component of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a top view of the extended cover of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Atomic beam cavity; 2. Assembly connecting plate; 21. Plate body; 22. Recessed groove; 23. First connecting part; 24. Positioning part; 25. Second connecting part; 26. Wiring cavity; 27. First wire-passing optical hole; 28. Plug-in terminal; 29. ​​First guide optical hole; 3. Magnetic field coil module; 31. Frame; 32. Mounting slot; 33. Hollow part; 35. Top cover; 36. Magnetic field coil; 37. Second guide optical hole; 4. Cooling optical module; 411. Fiber collimation and guide module; 412. First polarization adjustment element; 413. Beam broadening element; 414. Beam collimating element; 415. Optical path folding element; 416. Beam splitting element; 417. Second polarization adjustment element; 421. Third polarization adjustment element; 422. Optical path reflection element; 43. Incident module mounting base; 44. Reflection module mounting base ; 45. Mounting plate; 46. Mounting hole; 47. Positioning protrusion; 48. Frame; 49. First connector; 50. Dust cover; 5. Open hole; 6. Cooling light incident module; 7. Cooling light reflection module; 8. Coaxial locking component; 9. Connecting rod; 10. Clamping component; 101. Upper substrate; 1011. Pressure plate; 1012. Extension cover; 1013. Light transmission hole; 1014. Third guide light hole; 1015. Third connecting part; 102. Lower substrate; 103. Countersunk hole; 104. Through hole; 105. Second connector; 11. Push light assembly; 111. Push light quick-install collimation module; 112. Fourth polarization adjustment element; 113. Beam splitting element; 12. Vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange; 13. Through hole; 14. Second connector; 15. Detachable interface; 16. Snap-on quick-release protective plate. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 16 As shown, the present invention provides a highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module, including an atomic beam cavity 1, and further comprising: The assembly connecting plate 2 has a first mounting area, a second mounting area and a third mounting area arranged sequentially from the center outwards. Atomic beam cavity 1 is located in the first mounting area; Specifically, the atomic beam cavity 1 can adopt the "a cold atomic beam generator with rapidly replaceable atomic source" (application number: 202511817663.7) described by the applicant in the previous application, and its specific structure will not be described in detail here; The magnetic field coil module 3 is located in the second installation area and is fitted around the atomic beam cavity 1. Cooling optical module 4 is located on the third mounting area and is fitted to the side of magnetic field coil module 3; The cooling optical module 4 includes a symmetrically arranged cooling light incident module 6 and a cooling light reflection module 7 to form a cooling optical path; The magnetic field coil module 3 has symmetrically arranged open holes 5, which correspond to the cooling optical path so that the cooling optical path can pass through; The magnetic field coil module 3 and the cooling optical module 4 form an overlapping magnetic field and a two-dimensional cooling optical field within the atomic beam cavity 1; The coaxial locking component 8 includes a connecting rod 9 that passes through the assembly connecting plate 2 and the magnetic field coil module 3 along the axial direction, and a clamping component 10 that cooperates with the end of the connecting rod 9, which locks the assembly connecting plate 2, the magnetic field coil module 3 and the cooling light module 4 to a fixed relative position.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the assembly connecting plate 2 is provided with a first installation area, a second installation area and a third installation area in sequence along its center outward, forming a stepped installation structure arranged layer by layer from the inside out. The atomic beam cavity 1 is located in the first installation area, and its axis coincides with the central axis of the assembly connecting plate 2, providing a vacuum channel for the transmission of the atomic beam; The magnetic field coil module 3 is set on the second mounting area and sleeved around the atomic beam cavity 1. After being energized, it generates a magnetic field gradient, which is used to cooperate with the cooling light to achieve lateral pre-cooling of the atomic beam. The cooling light module 4 is located on the third installation area and is fitted to the side of the magnetic field coil module 3. It includes a symmetrically arranged cooling light incident module 6 and a cooling light reflection module 7, which work together to form a cooling light path.

[0025] This part integrates the atomic beam cavity 1, magnetic field coil module 3, and cooling optical module 4 radially from the inside out, and achieves coaxial positioning with the assembly connection plate 2 as a unified reference. This allows the magnetic field and cooling optical path to be naturally nested in space and closely matched in function. At the same time, the open hole 5 ensures that the optical path passes through the magnetic field coil module 3 without obstruction. Thus, while significantly reducing the overall size of the machine, it ensures the efficient overlap of the magnetic field gradient and the two-dimensional cooling optical field, simplifies the assembly and adjustment process, and provides a structural basis for modular rapid installation and system stability.

[0026] Specifically, the assembly connecting plate 2 includes a plate body 21, on which: The first installation area includes a through hole opened at the center of the plate 21, and the atomic beam cavity 1 is located in the through hole; The second mounting area includes a recessed groove 22 for axially positioning and mounting the magnetic field coil module 3, and a first connecting part 23 for connecting with the magnetic field coil module 3. The third mounting area includes a positioning part 24 for positioning and connecting with the clamping member 10, and a second connecting part 25 for connecting with the cooling optical module 4; Preferably, the first connecting part 23 includes a plurality of threaded holes opened on the plate 21, and the bottom of the frame 31 of the magnetic field coil module 3 is provided with a corresponding through hole. The magnetic field coil module 3 is axially fixed to the assembly connecting plate 2 by screws passing through the through hole and locking with the threaded hole. The second connecting part 25 includes multiple threaded holes distributed on the plate 21. The bottom of the mounting plate 45 of the cooling optical module 4 is provided with a through hole. The cooling optical module 4 is fixed to the mounting connecting plate 2 by passing a screw through the through hole and connecting it with the threaded hole. The positioning part 24 includes positioning pin holes provided on the plate 21, and the lower base plate 102 is provided with corresponding positioning pins. During installation, radial limiting and axial pre-positioning are achieved through the pin hole cooperation to ensure the alignment between the clamping member 10 and the assembly connecting plate 2. The wiring cavity 26 is located inside the plate 21; The first wire-passing hole 27 is opened on the surface of the plate 21 and communicates with the wiring cavity 26; Multiple sets of plug-in terminals 28 are provided on the plate 21 and are electrically connected to the atomic beam cavity 1 and the magnetic field coil module 3 respectively through the first through-hole 27 and the wiring cavity 26. And a first guide hole 29, for the connecting rod 9 to pass through, and for axially guiding and radially limiting the connecting rod 9.

[0027] The assembly connection plate 2 establishes a unified mechanical reference for the atomic beam cavity 1, magnetic field coil module 3, and cooling optical module 4 through a stepped coaxial mounting area. The internal wiring cavity and plug-in terminals centrally manage the electrical connections and enable plug-and-play functionality. The recessed groove 22, positioning part 24, and guide optical hole ensure the axial positioning and radial guiding accuracy of each module. Thus, while simplifying the structure and reducing the volume, it significantly improves the assembly and adjustment efficiency, system stability, and modular maintenance capabilities.

[0028] Furthermore, the magnetic field coil module 3 includes: The skeleton 31 has symmetrically distributed mounting grooves 32 on its inner sidewall and has a hollow part 33 that runs through the axis for the atomic beam cavity 1 to pass through. The sidewall of the frame 31 has an open hole 5 corresponding to the cooling light path, so that the cooling light can be incident and reflected without blocking the light path. The mounting slot 32 is connected to the open hole 5; The top cover 35 and the detachable bottom cover are attached to the frame 31; Symmetrically arranged magnetic field coils 36 are respectively installed in the mounting slots 32 of the frame 31; The frame 31 is also provided with a second guide light hole 37 for the connecting rod 9 to pass through; And multiple second wire-passing holes for the wires of the magnetic field coil 36 to pass through.

[0029] Furthermore, the frame 31 is a two-dimensional magnetic field coil frame with a cross groove inside, and the mounting groove 32 is a cross groove used to install two sets of symmetrically arranged magnetic field coils 36. The magnetic field coil module 3 adopts an internal design, with the coil installed in the mounting groove 32 inside the frame 31 and close to the central atomic beam cavity 1. This significantly reduces the coil volume and space occupation while meeting the required magnetic field gradient. The side wall of the frame 31 has an open hole 5 corresponding to the cooling optical path, so that the magnetic field and the optical path are tightly nested in space and do not interfere with each other. At the same time, the second guide optical hole 37 cooperates with the connecting rod 9 to ensure coaxial positioning, and the second wire-passing optical hole realizes the internal wiring. This improves the magnetic field stability, optical path transmission and module assembly accuracy while compressing the overall size.

[0030] Furthermore, the cooling optical module 4 includes: Multiple sets of cooling light incident modules 6 and cooling light reflection modules 7 are arranged alternately along the circumference of the atomic beam cavity 1 to form a hollow region. The hollow region is fitted around the magnetic field coil module 3 to form an orthogonal two-dimensional cooling light field within the atomic beam cavity 1.

[0031] In the above technical solution, preferably, the cooling optical module 4 further includes: The incident module mounting base 43 and the reflection module mounting base 44 are used to install the cooling light incident module 6 and the cooling light reflection module 7, respectively. Both the incident module mounting base 43 and the reflection module mounting base 44 include: Mounting plate 45, with mounting hole 46 on one side and positioning protrusion 47 adapted to mounting hole 46 on the other side; Adjacent mounting plates 45 are connected to each other by the fitting of positioning protrusions 47 and mounting holes 46 to form a frame 48, and are locked together by the first connector 49; Preferably, the first connector 49 is a threaded connector, specifically a screw or bolt. The mounting plate 45 has coaxially arranged first connecting holes near the mounting hole 46 and near the positioning protrusion 47, respectively. The axes of the two first connecting holes on adjacent mounting plates 45 are perpendicular to each other. During installation, the first connector 49 is sequentially inserted into the first connecting holes on adjacent mounting plates 45 and threadedly engaged with the threaded structure or mating nut pre-set in the first connecting hole. By tightening the first connector 49, the adjacent mounting plates 45 are locked and fixed in a direction perpendicular to the mating surface.

[0032] The locking of the first connector 49 ensures a reliable connection between adjacent mounting plates 45. The mutually perpendicular threaded hole layout forces adjacent mounting plates 45 to remain perpendicular to each other and relative mounting plates to remain parallel to each other, thereby ensuring that the enclosed frame 48 has a precise geometric shape and provides a stable mounting reference for the cooling light incident module 6 and the cooling light reflection module 7.

[0033] The mounting plate 45 for mounting the cooling light incident module 6 has a through hole that runs through the optical path to accommodate the cooling light incident module 6, and the mounting plate 45 is covered with a dust cover 50. The mounting plate 45 for mounting the cooling light reflection module 7 has an internal assembly slot for accommodating the cooling light reflection module 7.

[0034] The cooling optical module 4 is formed by alternating incident and reflection modules along the circumference of the atomic beam cavity 1 to form a hollow frame 48, which is directly fitted onto the periphery of the magnetic field coil module 3, realizing a compact spatial nesting of the optical path and magnetic field. The mounting base adopts a structure in which positioning protrusions 47 and mounting holes 46 are interlocked, which can be quickly assembled and locked to form a standardized module frame 48. The incident module is equipped with a dust cover 50 and the reflection module is equipped with an assembly slot, which not only protects the optical components but also facilitates independent assembly and disassembly. Thus, while ensuring the accuracy of the two-dimensional orthogonal cooling optical field, it significantly improves the assembly efficiency, structural compactness and module maintainability.

[0035] Furthermore, the cooling light incident module 6 includes: The beam guiding and shaping module is located inside the dust cover 50 and is used to receive cooling light and output a single parallel beam. The optical path conversion module is located in the through hole of the incident module mounting base 43. It is used to divide the parallel light into multiple strip-shaped light spots after two reflections and adjust the polarization state before it is emitted. The cooling light reflection module 7 includes a polarization adjustment and reflection module, which is used to reflect the cooling light emitted from the cooling light incident module 6 back to the cooling light incident module 6 to form a two-dimensional cooling light field. In the above technical solution, preferably, the beam guiding and shaping module includes the following components arranged sequentially along the axis parallel to the atomic beam cavity 1: The fiber optic collimation guide module 411 is used to receive cooling light and output collimated beam. The fiber optic collimation guide module 411 is installed on the dust cover 50, and its input end is connected to the external cooling light fiber optic interface. The beam broadening element 413 is used to diverge the collimated beam into a single-line diverging beam, and is preferably a cylindrical lens, specifically a diverging cylindrical lens. The beam collimating element 414 is used to converge the divergent light in a line into a parallel light in a line. It is preferably a cylindrical lens, specifically a converging cylindrical lens. The beam guiding and shaping module also includes a first polarization adjustment element 412 disposed between the fiber collimation and guiding module 411 and the beam broadening element 413, for adjusting the beam polarization state, preferably a λ / 2 waveplate (half-waveplate). The optical path conversion module includes: The optical path folding element 415 is used to change the propagation direction of parallel light after two reflections, and is preferably a reflecting prism. The beam splitting element 416 is disposed on the outgoing optical path of the optical path folding element 415 and is used to split the incident beam into multiple strip-shaped light spots. It is preferably a multi-segment reflector. The optical path conversion module also includes a second polarization adjustment element 417 disposed after the beam splitting element 416, which is disposed on the outgoing optical path of the beam splitting element 416. It is preferably a λ / 4 wave plate (quarter-wave plate) and the material is the same as that of the first polarization adjustment element 412. The reflection module includes an optical path reflection element 422, preferably a reflector; The reflection module also includes a third polarization adjustment element 421 disposed before the optical path reflection element 422, located on the incident light path of the optical path reflection element 422, preferably a λ / 4 waveplate; The cooling light emitted from the beam splitting element 416 passes through the second polarization adjustment element 417, then through the third polarization adjustment element 421, and finally irradiates the optical path reflection element 422. After being reflected by the optical path reflection element 422, it returns along the original path to form a two-dimensional cooling light field in the atomic beam cavity 1.

[0036] The second polarization adjustment element 417 works in conjunction with the third polarization adjustment element 421 to make the polarization states of the round-trip optical paths orthogonal, thereby achieving effective trapping of the cooling light.

[0037] Furthermore, the clamping member 10 includes an upper substrate 101 and a lower substrate 102, and the upper substrate 101 and the lower substrate 102 are respectively provided with countersunk holes 103 and through holes 104 that are adapted to the two ends of the connecting rod 9. The two ends of the connecting rod 9 are respectively inserted into the countersunk hole 103 and the through hole 104 and connected by the second connector 105 to lock the upper substrate 101 and the lower substrate 102 axially, thereby coaxially fixing the assembly connecting plate 2, the magnetic field coil module 3 and the cooling optical module 4 located between them into one unit.

[0038] Preferably, the connecting rod 9 is a rod with threaded holes at both ends, which passes through the first guide light hole 29 on the assembly connecting plate 2, the second guide light hole 37 on the magnetic field coil module 3, and the corresponding third guide light hole 1014 on the pressure plate 1011 in sequence, to radially limit and axially guide each module; the countersunk hole 103 of the upper substrate 101 and the through hole 104 of the lower substrate 102 are locked to the threaded holes at both ends of the connecting rod 9 by the second connector 105, so that the assembly connecting plate 2, magnetic field coil module 3, cooling light module 4 and pressure plate 1011 located between them are axially pressed and coaxially fixed into one unit. The integrated coaxial integration of multiple modules is achieved by a simple rod-hole fit and end locking method, which not only ensures the radial alignment accuracy of each module, but also eliminates the assembly gap through axial pressing, significantly improving the rigidity and stability of the overall structure, while facilitating modular disassembly and maintenance.

[0039] Furthermore, the upper substrate 101 includes a pressure plate 1011 and an extension cover 1012, wherein the pressure plate 1011 has the following: The light-passing aperture 1013 is used to allow the push light to pass through; The third guide hole 1014 is used for the connecting rod 9 to pass through and for axial guidance thereon; It also includes a third connecting part 1015, which passes through the extension cover 1012 and the pressure plate 1011 in sequence and is threadedly connected to the cooling optical module 4; The third connecting part 1015 is one of a screw, bolt or stud; The countersunk hole 103 is formed on the extension cover 1012 and is adapted to connect to the end of the connecting rod 9; A receiving space is formed between the pressure plate 1011 and the extension cover 1012 for installing the push light assembly 11; The push light assembly 11 includes a push light quick-install collimation module 111 and a beam splitter 113 arranged along the optical path, used to output push light and incident it into the atomic beam cavity 1 through the light aperture 1013. The beam splitter 113 is preferably a beam splitter prism. The push light assembly 11 also includes a fourth polarization adjustment element 112 disposed before the beam splitter 113, located in the incident light path of the beam splitter 113, for adjusting the polarization state of the beam. The fourth polarization adjustment element 112 is preferably a λ / 2 waveplate. The extension cover 1012 is also provided with a detachable interface 15 for mounting an external camera. An observation window is provided on the extension cover 1012 corresponding to the position of the detachable interface 15, so that the external camera can observe through the observation window. When it is necessary to observe the state of the atomic beam, the external camera can be mounted on the detachable interface 15, and the interior of the atomic beam cavity 1 can be monitored in real time through the observation window; when observation is not required, the external camera can be removed, and the detachable interface 15 can be closed by the cover plate to maintain the integrity of the module.

[0040] The upper substrate 101 is designed as a combination structure of a pressure plate 1011 and an extension cover 1012. The pressure plate 1011 integrates a light-transmitting hole 1013, a third guide light hole 1014, and a connecting part. The extension cover 1012 is provided with a countersunk hole 103 and a camera interface. An accommodating space is formed between the pressure plate 1011 and the extension cover 1012 to install the push light assembly 11. This achieves a multi-functional integration of axial clamping, light path guidance, module connection, push light integration, and external camera expansion. The third guide light hole 1014 and the connecting rod 9 ensure overall coaxial accuracy, and the push light assembly 11 is built into the substrate, further compressing the axial dimension of the whole machine.

[0041] Furthermore, a central hole is formed on the lower substrate 102 for the atomic beam cavity 1 to pass through; The bottom of the lower substrate 102 is connected to a vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange 12. A through hole 13 is opened in the center of the vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange 12. One side of the flange is sealed to the atomic beam cavity 1 through a first sealing blade, and the other side is sealed to the external vacuum equipment through a second sealing blade. Specifically, the vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange 12 is also provided with blind hole mounting threads for fixed connection with the atomic beam cavity 1, and fixing holes for fixed connection with external vacuum equipment; The lower base plate 102 is also provided with six equally divided fixed mounting ears for fixed connection with the blind hole mounting threads on the vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange 12; The six-part fixed mounting ears are divided into six equal notches, which can be used to avoid the fixing holes on the vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange 12; The lower substrate 102 is also provided with: Through hole 104, for the connecting rod 9 to pass through and be fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 9; The second connector 14 is used to connect with the assembly connecting plate 2. The lower base plate 102 is connected to the assembly connecting plate 2 through the second connector 14 to form a secondary fastening.

[0042] Preferably, the second connector 14 is a threaded connector. The lower substrate 102 has a connecting hole adapted to the second connector 14, and the assembly connecting plate 2 has a corresponding threaded hole. The second connector 14 passes through the threaded hole and the connecting hole in sequence to fix the lower substrate 102 and the assembly connecting plate 2 to form a secondary fastening structure.

[0043] By integrating the lower base plate 102 with the vacuum chamber sealing transition flange 12, the through hole 104 on the lower base plate 102 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 9, and the second connecting piece 14 is tightened to the assembly connecting plate 2. This integrates the vacuum sealing interface, the axial locking of the module, and the reinforcement of the whole structure, ensuring a reliable sealing connection between the atomic beam cavity 1 and the external vacuum equipment. The double fixing of the lower base plate 102 with the connecting rod 9 and the assembly connecting plate 2 ensures the long-term stability of each module under vibration. At the same time, the six-part structure and the notch avoidance design further compress the axial and radial dimensions.

[0044] It also includes a snap-on quick-release protective plate 16, which is placed between the lower base plate 102 and the vacuum chamber sealing transition flange 12 to protect the internal optical components and prevent dust. During installation, the protective plate is pushed in and the snap is pressed to complete the fixation; during disassembly, the snap is pressed to unlock and it can be quickly removed, which is convenient for internal inspection and module maintenance.

[0045] Working principle and usage process of this invention: Assembly process: First, the atomic beam cavity 1 is sealed and connected to the vacuum chamber sealing transition flange 12 through the first sealing knife edge; Then, the magnetic field coil 36 is installed in the mounting groove 32 of the frame 31, and the upper cover 35 is connected and closed on the frame 31. The whole is placed in the recessed groove 22 of the second mounting area and electrically connected to multiple sets of plug-in terminals 28. The whole is then locked to the plate 21 through the first connecting part 23. The mounting holes 46 and positioning protrusions 47 of the mounting plate 45 are interlocked to form the frame 48 as a whole, and the first connector 49 is used to lock them together to form the incident module mounting base 43 and the reflection module mounting base 44. Among them, each component of the cooling light incident module 6 is installed in the through hole and dust cover 50 of the incident module mounting base 43, and each component of the cooling light reflection module 7 is installed in the assembly slot of the reflection module mounting base 44. The overall cooling optical module 4 is placed in the third installation area and coaxially mounted on the outside of the magnetic field coil module 3, and the whole is locked to the plate 21 through the second connecting part 25; Afterwards, each component of the push light assembly 11 is installed in the accommodating space between the pressure plate 1011 and the extension cover 1012, and the pressure plate 1011, the extension cover 1012 and the cooling light module 4 are locked and fixed by the third connecting part 1015. Then, one end of the connecting rod 9 is passed through the through hole 104 and locked to the lower substrate 102 by the second connector. The other end of the connecting rod 9 is passed through the guide light hole on the assembly connecting plate 2, the magnetic field coil module 3, and the pressure plate 1011 to the countersunk hole of the extension cover 1012 and locked to the second connector 105. The lower substrate 102 is locked to the assembly connecting plate 2 by the second connector 14. Each module is pressed along the axial direction and kept coaxial to form an integrated module.

[0046] Finally, the vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange 12 connected to the atomic beam cavity 1 is locked to the lower substrate 102 through mounting ears, and the external interface is inserted into the plug terminal 28 to complete the circuit connection, the cooling optical fiber interface is inserted into the optical fiber collimation guide module 411, and the push optical fiber interface is inserted into the push optical quick installation collimation module 111; after sealing and fixing the vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange 12 to the external docking module, the snap-on quick-release protective plate is installed in the corresponding position, and the installation of the highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module is completed. Workflow: During operation, the cooling light source is turned on. The cooling light is shaped into a parallel line by the beam guide and shaping module. After being reflected twice by the optical path conversion module, it is divided into multiple strip-shaped light spots and emitted to the cooling light reflection module 7. After reflection, it returns along the original path, forming a round-trip optical path and forming an orthogonal two-dimensional cooling light field in the atomic beam cavity 1.

[0047] The power supply to the magnetic field coil 36 is turned on, generating a magnetic field gradient. This gradient, in conjunction with the two-dimensional cooling light field, pre-cools the atomic beam released from the metal source laterally, forming a collimated cold atomic beam.

[0048] The push light source is turned on, and after passing through the fourth polarization adjustment element 112 and the beam splitter 113, it enters the atomic beam cavity 1 through the light passage 1013, pushing the pre-cooled atomic beam to the downstream three-dimensional magneto-optical trap, thus completing the preparation and transport of the atomic beam.

[0049] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0050] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module, comprising an atomic beam cavity (1), characterized in that: Also includes: The assembly connecting plate (2) has a first installation area, a second installation area and a third installation area arranged sequentially from the center outwards. The atomic beam cavity (1) is located in the first mounting area; The magnetic field coil module (3) is located on the second installation area and is sleeved around the atomic beam cavity (1); The cooling optical module (4) is located on the third mounting area and is sleeved on the side of the magnetic field coil module (3); The cooling optical module (4) includes a symmetrically arranged cooling light incident module (6) and cooling light reflection module (7) to form a cooling optical path; The magnetic field coil module (3) has symmetrically arranged open holes (5), which correspond to the cooling optical path so that the cooling optical path can pass through; The magnetic field coil module (3) and the cooling optical module (4) form an overlapping magnetic field and a two-dimensional cooling optical field within the atomic beam cavity (1); The coaxial locking component (8) includes a connecting rod (9) that passes through the assembly connecting plate (2) and the magnetic field coil module (3) along the axial direction, and a clamping component (10) that cooperates with the end of the connecting rod (9) to lock the assembly connecting plate (2), the magnetic field coil module (3) and the cooling light module (4) to a fixed relative position.

2. The highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly connecting plate (2) includes a plate body (21), and the plate body (21) is provided with: The first installation area includes a through hole opened in the center of the plate (21), and the atomic beam cavity (1) is disposed in the through hole; The second installation area includes a recessed groove (22) for axially positioning and installing the magnetic field coil module (3), and a first connecting part (23) for connecting with the magnetic field coil module (3). The third installation area includes a positioning part (24) for positioning and connecting with the clamping member (10), and a second connecting part (25) for connecting with the cooling optical module (4). The wiring cavity (26) is located inside the plate (21); The first wire-passing hole (27) is opened on the surface of the plate (21) and communicates with the wiring cavity (26); Multiple sets of plug-in terminals (28) are provided on the plate (21) and are electrically connected to the atomic beam cavity (1) and the magnetic field coil module (3) respectively through the first wire-through optical hole (27) and the wiring cavity (26); And a first guide hole (29) for the connecting rod (9) to pass through, and for axially guiding and radially limiting the connecting rod (9).

3. The highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic field coil module (3) includes: The skeleton (31) has symmetrically distributed mounting grooves (32) on its inner sidewall and has a hollow part (33) that runs through the axis for the atomic beam cavity (1) to pass through; The sidewall of the skeleton (31) is provided with an open hole (5) corresponding to the cooling light path, so that the cooling light can be incident and reflected without blocking the light path. The mounting groove (32) is connected to the open hole (5); The top cover (35) is detachably fitted onto the frame (31); Symmetrically arranged magnetic field coils (36) are respectively installed in the mounting slots (32) of the frame (31); The frame (31) is also provided with a second guide hole (37) for the connecting rod (9) to pass through.

4. The highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling optical module (4) includes: Multiple sets of cooling light incident modules (6) and cooling light reflection modules (7) are arranged alternately along the circumference of the atomic beam cavity (1) to form a hollow region. The hollow region is fitted around the magnetic field coil module (3) to form an orthogonal two-dimensional cooling light field in the atomic beam cavity (1).

5. A highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cooling optical module (4) also includes: The incident module mounting base (43) and the reflection module mounting base (44) are used to install the cooling light incident module (6) and the cooling light reflection module (7), respectively. Both the incident module mounting base (43) and the reflection module mounting base (44) include: The mounting plate (45) has a mounting hole (46) on one side and a positioning protrusion (47) that matches the mounting hole (46) on the other side. Adjacent mounting plates (45) are connected to each other by the fitting of the positioning protrusion (47) and the mounting hole (46) to form a frame (48), and are locked together by the first connector (49); The mounting plate (45) for mounting the cooling light incident module (6) has a through hole that runs through the optical path to accommodate the cooling light incident module (6), and the mounting plate (45) is covered with a dust cover (50). The mounting plate (45) for mounting the cooling light reflection module (7) has an internal assembly slot for accommodating the cooling light reflection module (7).

6. A highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cooling light incident module (6) includes: A beam guiding and shaping module is set inside the dust cover (50) and is used to receive cooling light and output a single-line parallel light. The optical path conversion module is set in the through hole of the incident module mounting base (43) and is used to divide the parallel light into multiple strip-shaped light spots after two reflections and adjust the polarization state before it is emitted. The cooling light reflection module (7) includes a reflection module for reflecting the cooling light emitted from the cooling light incident module (6) back to the cooling light incident module (6) to form a two-dimensional cooling light field.

7. A highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The beam guiding and shaping module includes components arranged sequentially along the axis parallel to the atomic beam cavity (1): The fiber optic collimation input module (411) is used to receive cooling light and output a collimated beam; A beam broadening element (413) is used to diverge the collimated beam into a single-line diverging beam; A beam collimating element (414) is used to converge the divergent light into a parallel light. The optical path conversion module includes: The optical path folding element (415) is used to change the propagation direction of the parallel light beam after it is reflected twice. A beam splitting element (416) is disposed on the outgoing optical path of the optical path folding element (415) for splitting the incident beam into multiple strip-shaped light spots; The reflection module includes an optical path reflection element (422); The cooling light emitted from the beam splitting element (416) is reflected by the optical path reflecting element (422) and returns along the original path to form a two-dimensional cooling light field in the atomic beam cavity (1).

8. A highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping member (10) includes an upper base plate (101) and a lower base plate (102). The upper base plate (101) and the lower base plate (102) are respectively provided with countersunk holes (103) and through holes (104) that are adapted to the two ends of the connecting rod (9). The two ends of the connecting rod (9) are respectively inserted into the countersunk hole (103) and the through hole (104) and connected by the second connector (105) to lock the upper substrate (101) and the lower substrate (102) axially, thereby coaxially fixing the assembly connecting plate (2), the magnetic field coil module (3) and the cooling light module (4) located between them into one unit.

9. A highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The upper substrate (101) includes a pressure plate (1011) and an extension cover (1012), and the pressure plate (1011) has the following openings: A light-passing aperture (1013) is used to allow the push light to pass through; The third guide hole (1014) is used for the connecting rod (9) to pass through and guide it axially; It also includes a third connecting part (1015), which passes through the extension cover (1012) and the pressure plate (1011) in sequence and is threadedly connected to the cooling optical module (4); The countersunk hole (103) is formed on the extension cover (1012) and is adapted to connect to the end of the connecting rod (9); A receiving space is formed between the pressure plate (1011) and the extension cover (1012) for installing the push light assembly (11). The push light assembly (11) includes a push light quick-install collimation module (111) and a beam splitter (113) arranged along the optical path, for outputting push light and incident on the atomic beam cavity (1) through the light-transmitting hole (1013). The extension cover (1012) is also provided with a detachable interface (15) for mounting an external camera.

10. A highly integrated miniaturized cold atom two-dimensional magneto-optical trap module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The lower substrate (102) has a central hole through which the atomic beam cavity (1) passes; The bottom of the lower substrate (102) is connected to a vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange (12). A through hole (13) is opened in the center of the vacuum chamber sealing adapter flange (12). One side of the flange is sealed to the atomic beam cavity (1) through a first sealing blade, and the other side is sealed to the external vacuum equipment through a second sealing blade. The lower substrate (102) is also provided with: A through hole (104) is provided for the connecting rod (9) to pass through and be fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod (9); The second connector (14) is used to connect with the assembly connecting plate (2).

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