A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partial reconfigurable optimization distribution

Abstract

This invention proposes a dual-polarization reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on a partially reconfigurable optimized distribution, applicable to millimeter-wave communication and high-precision positioning. It includes a primary feed source, an electromagnetic lens array, and a control network. The primary feed source is placed at the focal length of the electromagnetic lens to provide spatial power. The electromagnetic lens array employs a partially reconfigurable architecture, with the array's units configured in a preset ratio as orthogonally distributed reconfigurable units containing PIN diodes and fixed-phase units. The fixed-phase units are permanently set to a predefined fixed-phase state. The control network calculates and controls the spatial distribution of the reconfigurable units and the phase state of the fixed units based on a sparse optimized distribution strategy. This allows the electromagnetic lens array to achieve independent 1-bit phase switching of mutually orthogonal X-polarized and Y-polarized electromagnetic waves by changing the forward and reverse bias states of the diodes. This invention balances dual polarization, broadband bandwidth, and partial reconfigurability with low complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of space beamforming and millimeter-wave antenna technology, and particularly to a dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on a partially reconfigurable optimized distribution. Background Technology

[0002] Millimeter-wave technology, with its ample bandwidth, is crucial for future wireless communication. However, severe free-space loss necessitates antennas with high gain and beam scanning capabilities. Traditional phased arrays face challenges in implementing large-scale, dual-polarized arrays, including complex RF feed networks, high costs, and drastically increased power consumption. Transmit arrays, utilizing space-based feeding, simplify the RF chain and have become an alternative. Current reconfigurable transmit arrays mostly employ a fully reconfigurable scheme, requiring each element to be equipped with numerous active devices (such as PIN diodes). This leads to extremely complex bias circuits and enormous power consumption in dual-polarized scenarios. Maintaining excellent radiation performance while reducing the proportion of active devices remains a critical technical challenge in the field of large-aperture reconfigurable transmit arrays.

[0003] Existing technology 1 "Wu F, Wang J, Xiang L, et al. A wideband dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole transmitarray with independent control of polarizations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2022, 70(9):8632-8636." Based on the receive-transmit mechanism, a dual-polarization design scheme is proposed by cascading two ME dipole antennas to form a lens unit, which achieves good broadband effect while ensuring dual-polarization performance.

[0004] Existing technology 2, “Dai X, Wu GB, Luk K M. A wideband low-profile reconfigurable transmitarray using magnetoelectric dipole elements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2022, 70(9): 8008-8019,” integrates a PIN diode on one side of a traditional ME dipole lens unit, realizing a 1-bit unipolar reconfigurable unit.

[0005] Existing technology 3, "A Wideband Reconfigurable 2-Bit Transmitarray Antenna With Cross-Polarization Suppression," controls the current path by integrating PIN diodes within the cell, enabling its receiver and emitter layers to independently provide 90°C current. 0 and 180 0 The phase shift enables wideband 2-bit reconfigurable phase resolution. Furthermore, the design incorporates a checkerboard pre-phase distribution on the array aperture, effectively suppressing cross-polarization levels while achieving two-dimensional beam scanning.

[0006] However, none of the three existing technologies mentioned above are suitable for large-scale millimeter-wave electromagnetic lens solutions that simultaneously achieve dual polarization, broadband, and a partially reconfigurable, low-complexity architecture. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dual-polarization reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution, which can solve the technical problems of high hardware complexity, redundant control circuits, and huge system power consumption of existing reconfigurable electromagnetic lenses in large-scale dual-polarization application scenarios.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows:

[0009] A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on a partially reconfigurable optimized distribution includes:

[0010] The primary feed, placed at the focal length of the electromagnetic lens, is used to provide space power.

[0011] The electromagnetic lens array adopts a partially reconfigurable architecture. The units in the array are configured in a preset ratio as orthogonally distributed reconfigurable units containing PIN diodes and fixed-phase units. The fixed-phase units are permanently set to a predefined fixed-phase state.

[0012] A control network is used to calculate and control the spatial distribution of reconfigurable cells and the phase state of fixed cells based on a sparse optimization distribution strategy, so that the electromagnetic lens array can achieve independent 1-bit phase switching of mutually orthogonal X-polarized and Y-polarized electromagnetic waves by changing the forward and reverse bias states of the diodes.

[0013] In some embodiments, when the fixed phase unit is permanently set to a predefined fixed phase state, the fixed phase unit replaces the PIN diode with a 0-ohm resistor and an open circuit.

[0014] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic lens array includes N×N bilinearly polarized magnetoelectric dipole units;

[0015] The bipolarized magnetoelectric dipole unit is a symmetrical sandwich structure manufactured using a multilayer PCB lamination process.

[0016] In some embodiments, the symmetrical sandwich structure comprises, from top to bottom: a dielectric substrate, an adhesive layer, a main dielectric substrate, a feed network layer wrapped with dual ground planes, and a radial structure in a mirror-symmetrical manner.

[0017] In some embodiments, the mirror-symmetric radiating structure includes a top radiating layer and a bottom radiating layer, and two pairs of mutually perpendicular active PIN diodes are integrated in the orthogonal gap between the top radiating layer and the bottom radiating layer for controlling the X-polarized and Y-polarized radio frequency current paths, respectively.

[0018] In some embodiments, the top radiating layer includes a square metal patch and a top-level feeding structure;

[0019] The square metal patch is 2.05mm × 2.05mm in size. The top-level power supply structure consists of two T-shaped patches and one rectangular patch. The upper rectangle of the T-shaped patch is 0.2mm × 0.95mm in size, the lower rectangle is 0.2675mm × 0.38mm in size, and the rectangular structure is a rectangle with a size of 2.4mm × 0.38mm.

[0020] The bottom radiating layer includes a square metal patch and a bottom feeding structure. The square metal patch is 2.05mm × 2.05mm in size. The bottom feeding structure includes a ring, a circle, and a rectangle. The rectangle is 0.38mm wide and 0.855mm from the edge of the unit. The ring is a circle with a diameter of 0.85mm, in which a ring with an outer diameter of 0.6mm and an inner diameter of 0.5mm is cut out. The circle is a circle with a diameter of 0.5mm and a center distance of 0.7mm from the center of the unit.

[0021] In some embodiments, the dual-ground-plane-wrapped feed network layer includes at least a curved probe structure for center feeding to guide the smooth transition of the guided wave. The structure is a circle with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a center distance of 0.7 mm from the center of the unit.

[0022] In some embodiments, the power supply network layer wrapped by the dual ground planes has 8 circular holes with a diameter of 0.7 mm cut out in each of the two ground planes.

[0023] In some embodiments, the dual-ground plane-wrapped feed network layer has two feed layers that are perpendicular to each other. In the two feed layers, the DC feed uses a fan-shaped stub to isolate the AC signal. The line width of the feed line is 0.1 mm, the radius of the fan-shaped stub is 0.3 mm, the fan angle is 50°, and the center of the fan is 1.5 mm away from the center of the cell.

[0024] In some embodiments, the sparse optimization distribution strategy includes the following steps:

[0025] An equivalent electromagnetic lens model based on the radiation pattern of the lens unit is established, and the gain under different phase distributions is obtained;

[0026] A binary reconstruction mask matrix and a fixed-phase mask matrix are introduced. The reconstruction mask matrix is ​​used to characterize the spatial distribution of reconfigurable units, and the fixed-phase mask matrix is ​​used to characterize the phase state of fixed units.

[0027] Based on swarm intelligence optimization algorithms, multi-objective collaborative global optimization is performed on the reconstructed mask matrix, fixed phase mask matrix, focal length and global reference phase. In the multi-objective collaborative global optimization process, the upper limit of the activation ratio of the number of active devices is used as a nonlinear constraint. The optimization objective is to minimize the gain difference between the partially reconfigurable array and the fully reconfigurable array within the scanning range under the nonlinear constraint.

[0028] Based on the results of multi-objective collaborative global optimization, the optimal reconstruction mask matrix and fixed phase mask matrix are obtained, and the spatial distribution of reconfigurable units and the phase state of fixed units in the electromagnetic lens array are controlled by the control network.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention enables independent phase control of two orthogonal polarization channels, achieving high bandwidth, low insertion loss, and good angular stability. Furthermore, due to the introduction of a partially reconfigurable architecture based on a sparse optimization distribution strategy, it breaks the limitation of traditional arrays requiring full reconfiguration while ensuring radiation performance. Moreover, when the array adopts a preset partially reconfigurable ratio configuration, this invention can achieve near-fully reconfigurable dual-polarization beam scanning capability while significantly reducing the number of active PIN diodes and bias control lines. Its gain is higher than that of a reconfigurable lens with the same number of reconfigurable elements, and its beamwidth is narrower, which is more conducive to concentrated millimeter-wave energy propagation and beam scanning. Therefore, this partially reconfigurable design significantly reduces the hardware implementation difficulty, wiring complexity, and total system power consumption of large-scale arrays, thus providing a highly cost-effective dual-polarization high-gain antenna solution for 5G / 6G communication and positioning systems. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a front view of a dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution proposed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a side view of a dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution proposed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a unit layer decomposition diagram proposed in this invention, wherein, Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the top radiation layer. Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the bottom radiation layer. Figure 3 (c) is a schematic diagram of a bent probe structure used for center feeding. Figure 3 (d) is a schematic diagram of a grounding plane with optimized blind via configuration. Figure 3 (e) is a schematic diagram of the feed network for feed layer 1. Figure 3 (f) is a schematic diagram of the feed network for feed layer 2;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the amplitude and phase of the unit simulation parameters S21 given in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein, Figure 4 (a) shows the amplitude diagram of unit transmission S21 at different angles. Figure 4 (b) Phase diagram of unit transmission S21 at different angles;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the feed layer structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein... Figure 5 (a) is the feed network diagram for feed layer 1. Figure 5 (b) is the feed network diagram for feed layer 2;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the actual system connection and anechoic chamber test of the control system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a hardware logic diagram of the control system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of array performance under different array configurations and reconstruction strategies in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which includes a comparison of gain, main lobe / side lobe and beamwidth under different reconfigurable ratios, fully reconfigurable arrays (11×11, 12×12), central region reconstruction and random reconstruction distributions.

[0038] Figure 9 This is the fully reconfigurable gain test diagram in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 9 (a) shows the measured X-polarization and model E-plane gain plots at 26.5 GHz. Figure 9 (b) shows the measured Y-polarization and model E-plane gain plots at 26.5 GHz.

[0039] Figure 10 This is the cross-polarization gain diagram of the fully reconfigurable lens in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein... Figure 10 (a) is the cross-polarization gain plot of X-polarization. Figure 10 (b) is the cross-polarization gain diagram of Y-polarization;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a comparison chart of the 50% reconfigurable gain test in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein... Figure 11 (a) is a graph showing the 50% X-polarization ratio and the E-plane gain of the fully reconfigurable lens at a frequency of 26.5 GHz. Figure 11 (b) is the gain plot of the fully reconfigurable lens E-plane with 50% Y-polarization at 26.5 GHz.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the frequency variation of the 50% reconfigurable ratio and the gain of the fully reconfigurable lens in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0042] In this diagram, 1 represents the radiating array, 2 represents the feeding structure, 3 represents a diode of model MA4GP907, 4 represents a stable center-feed structure commonly used in magnetoelectric dipole antennas, 5 and 8 represent two ground planes respectively, 6 and 7 represent two feeding layers respectively, 9 represents a feeding via connecting the upper and lower antennas, 10 represents a via connecting the ground plane, 11 represents a blind aperture, 12 and 15 both represent high-frequency dielectric substrates, 13 represents an adhesive layer, 14 and 16 both represent the main dielectric substrate, 20, 19, 18, and 17 correspond to 12, 13, 14, and 15 respectively, 21 represents the top layer structure, 22 represents the rectangular structure, 23 represents the bottom layer structure, 24 represents a ring, 25 and 26 both represent circles with the same parameters, 27 represents a circular aperture, 28 represents a DC feed line, 29 represents a fan-shaped stub, 30 is a physical representation of the primary feed source, 31 is a physical representation of the electromagnetic lens, 32 is a physical representation of the control network, and 33 represents the receiving antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] See Figure 1 This embodiment provides a dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on a partially reconfigurable optimized distribution, which includes:

[0046] The primary feed, placed at the focal length of the electromagnetic lens, is used to provide space power.

[0047] The electromagnetic lens array adopts a partially reconfigurable architecture. The units in the array are configured in a preset ratio as orthogonally distributed reconfigurable units containing PIN diodes and fixed-phase units. The fixed-phase units are permanently set to a predefined fixed-phase state. The electromagnetic lens array as a whole adopts a partially reconfigurable architecture, that is, only a preset ratio of units in the array are configured as reconfigurable units containing PIN diodes, and the remaining units are set as fixed-phase units. The fixed-phase units use 0-ohm resistors and open circuits instead of PIN diodes.

[0048] A control network is used to calculate and control the spatial distribution of reconfigurable cells and the phase state of fixed cells based on a sparse optimization distribution strategy, so that the electromagnetic lens array can achieve independent 1-bit phase switching of mutually orthogonal X-polarized and Y-polarized electromagnetic waves by changing the forward and reverse bias states of the diodes.

[0049] This embodiment proposes a partially reconfigurable optimized distribution of a dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array, whose underlying physical architecture consists of N×N dual-linearly polarized magnetoelectric (ME) dipole units with a size of 6mm×6mm. Combined with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the physical architecture includes a 2×2 radiating array 1 at both the top and bottom, consisting of four 2.05mm×2.05mm metal rectangular patches, with a spacing of 0.95mm between each pair of patches. A diode 3 (MA4GP907) is placed on the feed structure 2. 4 is a stable center feed structure commonly used in magnetoelectric dipole antennas. The upper and lower feed structures are connected via via 9. Each transmission element employs a multi-layer PCB lamination process to achieve a symmetrical sandwich structure. From top to bottom, the structure includes: a first high-frequency dielectric substrate 12 (Rogers 4350B, 0.101mm thick), a second adhesive layer 13 (Rogers 4450F, 0.202mm thick), a main dielectric substrate 14 (Rogers 4350B, 0.763mm thick) for increasing the profile thickness, a feed network layer wrapped with dual ground planes, and a mirror-symmetrical radiating structure.

[0050] In this embodiment, dielectric substrates 12, 13, 14, 15 and dielectric substrates 20, 19, 18, 17 are mutually corresponding, and the corresponding dielectric substrates have the same thickness and material. The transmission unit in the aforementioned electromagnetic lens array has two ground planes 5 and 8, which are connected by a 0.2mm diameter through-hole 10. Between the two ground planes are dielectric substrates 15 and 17, with a thickness of 0.202mm and made of Rogers 4450F, and dielectric substrate 16, with a thickness of 0.101mm and made of Rogers 4350B. Feed layers 6 and 7 are located between the dielectric substrates, thus isolating the RF and DC feed portions and effectively avoiding the influence of complex feed structures on the unit's radiation performance.

[0051] For the specific parameters of the aforementioned symmetrical sandwich structure, combined with Figure 3 The unit layer decomposition diagram is shown below. Figure 3 (a) and Figure 3 (b) The top and bottom radiating layers are respectively, with two pairs of mutually perpendicular active PIN diodes integrated in their orthogonal slots to control the X-polarized and Y-polarized RF current paths, respectively. The top layer structure 21 consists of two rectangles, with the upper rectangle being 0.2 mm thick and the lower rectangle measuring 0.2675 mm × 0.38 mm. Structure 22 is a rectangle measuring 2.4 mm × 0.38 mm. The bottom layer structure 23 has a width of 0.38 mm and is located 0.855 mm from the edge of the unit. Structure 24 is a circle with a diameter of 0.85 mm, in which a ring with an outer diameter of 0.6 mm and an inner diameter of 0.5 mm is cut out. Structure 25 is a circle with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a center distance of 0.7 mm from the center of the unit. Figure 3 (c) shows a bent probe structure for center feeding, which guides the waveguide to a smooth transition. Structures 26 and 25 have the same parameters, and circular holes 27 with a diameter of 0.7 mm are drilled in both the upper and lower ground planes 5 and 6.

[0052] To effectively address the radio frequency crosstalk caused by control traces, compared Figure 3 (d) and (f), the present invention optimizes the blind via configuration of the grounding plane, Figure 1 The through holes shown were converted into blind holes 11, successfully reducing the traditional 24 through holes to 8, which greatly freed up internal wiring space. Figure 3 (e) and (f) show the feed layer 6 and feed layer 7, which are strictly electromagnetically shielded by a double ground plane. They are perpendicular to each other to ensure polarization isolation. The DC feed structure consists of a DC feed line 28 and a fan-shaped stub 29. The feed line has a line width of 0.1 mm, the radius of the fan-shaped stub 29 is 0.3 mm, the fan angle is 50°, and the center of the fan is 1.5 mm away from the center of the unit. Its function is to isolate AC signals.

[0053] like Figure 4 The S21 parameters of the unit simulation are shown below. Figure 4 (a) shows the amplitude diagram of unit transmission S21 at different angles. Figure 4 (b) S21 phase diagrams for cell transmission at different angles, combined with Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4 (b) It can be seen that by switching the on and off states of the symmetrical PIN diodes, this unit can achieve an extremely stable 180°C signal in the 24.25GHz to 27.5GHz frequency band while maintaining a basically consistent S21 transmission amplitude and extremely low insertion loss. 0 (1-bit) phase switching satisfies the hardware requirements for lens spatial phase compensation.

[0054] To address the independent control requirements of hundreds or thousands of active switches in large-scale arrays, this embodiment designs a dedicated high-density power supply network and drive control system. For example... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 (a) and Figure 5 (b) Layout of independent feed networks for X-polarization and Y-polarization, respectively. Due to the application of blind via technology in this embodiment, the internal DC bias lines can shuttle through the released longitudinal and transverse channels. The spacing between adjacent microstrip lines is precisely controlled at 0.1 mm, and the safety distance between the feed lines and vias is set at 0.2 mm, effectively avoiding interlayer or inter-line short circuits.

[0055] like Figure 6 The actual system connection and anechoic chamber test diagram are shown. Figure 6 In the diagram, 32 is the control network (2), which is connected to the electromagnetic lens (1) shown in 31 via an FPC flexible cable to provide positive and negative voltages, so that each unit obtains the corresponding 0° or 180° phase. Figure 6 The primary feed (3) shown in 30 excites the reconfigurable electromagnetic lens (1) and then radiates on the other side. The receiving antenna 33 is 3m away from the electromagnetic lens (1) and is located in the far field. The gain is then calculated using the Fries formula.

[0056] Figure 7 As shown in the hardware logic diagram of the control system, the control network in this embodiment adopts a hierarchical expansion I2C bus architecture. The main control microcontroller (TI MSP430) is connected to the first-level routing multi-channel switch (PCA9548) via the I2C bus, and then distributed down to multiple I / O expanders (PCA9555). The 3.3V / 0V unipolar digital signal output by the PCA9555 is then input to a voltage comparator array composed of operational amplifiers (LM324). A 1.65V reference voltage is connected to the inverting input of the comparator, and the non-inverting input receives the digital signal, thereby accurately converting it into a +5V or -5V bipolar analog voltage. This voltage is then used to provide an operating bias of approximately ±1.33V to the corresponding PIN diodes through current-limiting resistors. Therefore, efficient and conflict-free addressing and driving of the entire array can be achieved.

[0057] It should be noted that, in order to break through the cost barrier of traditional fully reconfigurable arrays, this embodiment implements a partially reconfigurable optimization strategy, namely a sparse optimization distribution strategy. This embodiment mainly achieves this through a swarm intelligence-based optimization algorithm. Specifically, the swarm intelligence-based optimization algorithm can be a genetic algorithm (GA), a heuristic search algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, etc.

[0058] Specifically, taking the genetic algorithm (GA) as an example, the GA in this embodiment is implemented using Matlab, and therefore, it can be implemented through the following steps:

[0059] S1. Establish an equivalent electromagnetic lens model based on the radiation pattern of the lens unit, and obtain the gain under different phase distributions;

[0060] S2. Introducing a binary reconstruction mask matrix (1 represents active adjustable, 0 represents passive fixed) and fixed phase mask matrix (Define the fixed phase state of the passive unit), the reconstruction mask matrix is ​​used to characterize the spatial distribution of the reconfigurable unit, and the fixed phase mask matrix is ​​used to characterize the phase state of the fixed unit;

[0061] S3. A swarm intelligence-based optimization algorithm for reconstructing the mask matrix. Fixed phase mask matrix Focal length F and global reference phase Multi-objective collaborative global optimization is performed. In the process of multi-objective collaborative global optimization, the upper limit of the activation ratio γ of the number of active devices (e.g., γ≤50) is used as a nonlinear constraint. The optimization objective is to minimize the gain difference between the partially reconfigurable array and the fully reconfigurable array within the scanning range under the nonlinear constraint.

[0062] S4. Based on the results of multi-objective collaborative global optimization, the optimal reconstruction mask matrix and fixed phase mask matrix are obtained, and the spatial distribution of reconfigurable units and the phase state of fixed units in the electromagnetic lens array are controlled by the control network.

[0063] like Figure 8 The optimization comparison results shown demonstrate that, in an example implementation, optimization using a specific reconfigurable ratio (e.g., 50%) not only significantly outperforms both central region reconfigurable and randomly distributed schemes with the same 50% active cell configuration, but also, with its physical aperture advantage, surpasses the performance of fully reconfigured 11×11 and 12×12 arrays with approximately equal numbers of PIN cells. This fully demonstrates the decisive advantage of GA non-uniform optimized arrangement in balancing hardware physical costs and electromagnetic performance.

[0064] It should be noted that once the optimal reconstruction mask matrix and fixed phase mask matrix are obtained, the spatial distribution of reconfigurable cells and the phase state of fixed cells in the electromagnetic lens array can be controlled by the control network.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] Based on Example 1, this example, to verify the effectiveness of the invention, fabricated a 16×16 scale dual-polarized lens prototype for microwave anechoic chamber testing (in conjunction with...). Figure 6 As a performance benchmark, Figure 9 and Figure 10First, the gain and cross-polarization test plots of the lens in the fully reconfigurable state are presented. Based on Figure 9 (a) Figure 9 (b) Figure 10 (a) and Figure 10 (b) It can be seen that at 26.5 GHz, the fully reconfigured array achieves high-purity dual-polarization radiation with a maximum gain of 23.25 dBi, a 3 dB bandwidth of 9.6%, and a cross-polarization gain of less than -10 dBi in the 24.25-27.5 GHz band.

[0067] Specifically, after introducing the 50% optimized reconstruction mask of this invention, the beam scanning result of the array is as follows: Figure 11 As shown. Figure 11 (a) and Figure 11 (b) Shows X-polarization and Y-polarization at -40°C. 0 Up to +40 0 Scanning performance over a wide angle range, based on Figure 11 (a) and Figure 11 (b) It can be seen that in the partially reconfigurable embodiment shown, driving only a portion of the proportional PIN diodes still achieves extremely smooth beam deflection, successfully avoiding catastrophic grid lobes, and the maximum gain is only 1.8dB lower than that of the fully reconfigurable lens, the beam at each angle is controlled within 2.1dB, the highest sidelobe level is strictly suppressed to below -10dB, and the core beamforming capability is perfectly preserved.

[0068] Finally, as Figure 12 As shown, the peak normal gain of 50% reconfigurable and fully reconfigurable arrays was compared over a wide bandwidth of 23 GHz to 28 GHz. The results show that the gain curve of the 50% partially reconfigurable array exhibits a smooth and stable wideband response, with the gain loss near the center frequency strictly controlled to less than 2 dB. The gain drops more rapidly far from the center frequency because GA optimization is used for a single-frequency phase distribution. If multi-frequency integrated optimization were used, the overall gain would decrease, but the 3 dB bandwidth would widen.

[0069] In summary, this embodiment, through innovative dual-shielded physical units, hierarchical hardware control circuits, and genetic algorithm topology optimization, provides a dual-polarized millimeter-wave high-gain antenna solution with near-full-scale array performance while saving approximately 50% of expensive RF switches and significantly reducing power consumption.

[0070] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution, characterized in that, include: The primary feed, placed at the focal length of the electromagnetic lens, is used to provide space power. The electromagnetic lens array adopts a partially reconfigurable architecture. The units in the array are configured in a preset ratio as orthogonally distributed reconfigurable units containing PIN diodes and fixed-phase units. The fixed-phase units are permanently set to a predefined fixed-phase state. A control network is used to calculate and control the spatial distribution of reconfigurable cells and the phase state of fixed cells based on a sparse optimization distribution strategy, so that the electromagnetic lens array can achieve independent 1-bit phase switching of mutually orthogonal X-polarized and Y-polarized electromagnetic waves by changing the forward and reverse bias states of the diodes.

2. The dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the fixed phase unit is permanently set to a predefined fixed phase state, the fixed phase unit replaces the PIN diode with a 0-ohm resistor and an open circuit.

3. The dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic lens array comprises N×N bilinearly polarized magnetoelectric dipole units; The bipolarized magnetoelectric dipole unit is a symmetrical sandwich structure manufactured using a multilayer PCB lamination process.

4. A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution according to claim 3, characterized in that, The symmetrical sandwich structure, from top to bottom, includes: a dielectric substrate, an adhesive layer, a main dielectric substrate, a feed network layer wrapped by two ground planes, and a radial structure that is mirror-symmetrical.

5. A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mirror-symmetric radiating structure includes a top radiating layer and a bottom radiating layer. Two pairs of mutually perpendicular active PIN diodes are integrated in the orthogonal gap between the top and bottom radiating layers to control the X-polarized and Y-polarized radio frequency current paths, respectively.

6. A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top radiating layer includes a square metal patch and a top-level feeding structure; The square metal patch is 2.05mm × 2.05mm in size. The top-level power supply structure consists of two T-shaped patches and one rectangular patch. The upper rectangle of the T-shaped patch is 0.2mm × 0.95mm in size, the lower rectangle is 0.2675mm × 0.38mm in size, and the rectangular structure is a rectangle with a size of 2.4mm × 0.38mm. The bottom radiating layer includes a square metal patch and a bottom feeding structure. The square metal patch is 2.05mm × 2.05mm in size. The bottom feeding structure includes a ring, a circle, and a rectangle. The rectangle is 0.38mm wide and 0.855mm from the edge of the unit. The ring is a circle with a diameter of 0.85mm, in which a ring with an outer diameter of 0.6mm and an inner diameter of 0.5mm is cut out. The circle is a circle with a diameter of 0.5mm and a center distance of 0.7mm from the center of the unit.

7. A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dual-ground plane-wrapped feed network layer includes at least a curved probe structure for center feeding, used to guide the smooth transition of the guided wave. Its structure is a circle with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a center distance of 0.7 mm from the center of the unit.

8. A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply network layer wrapped by the dual ground planes has 8 circular holes with a diameter of 0.7 mm cut out in each of the two ground planes.

9. A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on partially reconfigurable optimized distribution according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dual-ground plane-enclosed feed network layer has two feed layers that are perpendicular to each other. In the two feed layers, the DC feed uses a fan-shaped stub to isolate the AC signal. The feed line width is 0.1mm, the radius of the fan-shaped stub is 0.3mm, the fan angle is 50°, and the center of the fan is 1.5mm away from the center of the unit.

10. A dual-polarized reconfigurable electromagnetic lens array based on a partially reconfigurable optimized distribution according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The sparse optimization distribution strategy includes the following steps: An equivalent electromagnetic lens model based on the radiation pattern of the lens unit is established, and the gain under different phase distributions is obtained; A binary reconstruction mask matrix and a fixed-phase mask matrix are introduced. The reconstruction mask matrix is ​​used to characterize the spatial distribution of reconfigurable units, and the fixed-phase mask matrix is ​​used to characterize the phase state of fixed units. Based on swarm intelligence optimization algorithms, multi-objective collaborative global optimization is performed on the reconstructed mask matrix, fixed phase mask matrix, focal length and global reference phase. In the multi-objective collaborative global optimization process, the upper limit of the activation ratio of the number of active devices is used as a nonlinear constraint. The optimization objective is to minimize the gain difference between the partially reconfigurable array and the fully reconfigurable array within the scanning range under the nonlinear constraint. Based on the results of multi-objective collaborative global optimization, the optimal reconstruction mask matrix and fixed phase mask matrix are obtained, and the spatial distribution of reconfigurable units and the phase state of fixed units in the electromagnetic lens array are controlled by the control network.

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