Hydrological collection terminal power supply health online self-diagnosis control method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of electrical measurement, control, and regulation technology, and discloses an online self-diagnostic control method for the power supply health of a hydrological acquisition terminal. The method acquires operational status data related to the degree of idle time and power supply safety, determines a preset safe idle diagnostic period, suppresses charging link interference and applies a low duty cycle pulsating DC test during this period, acquires transient response data sets, determines power supply health characteristics and power supply health level, and then generates and executes a local terminal control strategy, correcting subsequent diagnoses or entering abnormal backoff control based on power supply feedback data. This invention enables power supply testing to avoid high current during flood reporting and charging clamping interference, establishes a correspondence between transient response data and the power supply testing process, and converts the power supply health level into local power supply load or communication power consumption control, power supply protection, and feedback backoff actions, thereby improving the identification and end-side handling capabilities of virtual voltage-related power supply risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical measurement, control and regulation technology, and specifically to an online self-diagnostic control method for the power supply health of a hydrological data acquisition terminal. Background Technology

[0002] Field hydrological stations, reservoir monitoring points, and river water level collection points typically rely on hydrological data acquisition terminals to collect and report water level, rainfall, flow rate, or water quality data over long periods. These terminals often employ photovoltaic, energy storage units, and wireless communication modules to form an off-grid power supply structure, and during operation, they alternate between short-term high-power reporting and long-term low-power sleep modes.

[0003] Current hydrological data acquisition terminals typically monitor power supply by periodically collecting data on the terminal voltage, charging / discharging current, or estimated state of charge of energy storage units, and comparing these values ​​with preset thresholds. When a low voltage or abnormal condition is detected, an alarm is generated and uploaded to a remote platform. Some battery monitoring solutions also employ pulsed DC discharge, AC injection, or constant discharge methods to obtain the voltage response, and then calculate the internal resistance or health status based on this.

[0004] However, the above methods still have shortcomings in hydrological data acquisition terminal scenarios: relying solely on terminal voltage or low-frequency sampling makes it difficult to identify the risk of virtual voltage caused by increased internal impedance of the energy storage unit in a timely manner; there is a lack of common correlation between test excitation and voltage and current response, making it susceptible to the effects of large current during flood reporting, charging clamping, or sampling timing deviations; diagnostic results are mostly limited to alarm uploads and cannot be directly converted into local power supply load, communication power consumption, or abnormal backoff control actions of the terminal, and there is also a lack of retest feedback after execution.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an online self-diagnostic control method for the power supply health of a hydrological data acquisition terminal, thereby solving the problems in the prior art.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for online self-diagnosis and control of power supply health of a hydrological data acquisition terminal is disclosed. The method includes: acquiring operational status data related to the operational idleness and power supply safety of the hydrological data acquisition terminal, and determining whether to enter a preset safe idle diagnostic period based on the operational status data; when entering the preset safe idle diagnostic period, suppressing interference from the charging link to the power supply test, and applying a low duty cycle pulsating DC test to the target energy storage unit to generate a power supply test response; acquiring a transient response data set corresponding to the low duty cycle pulsating DC test based on the power supply test response; determining power supply health characteristics characterizing the power supply health of the target energy storage unit based on the transient response data set, and determining a power supply health level based on the power supply health characteristics; generating a local control strategy for the terminal based on the power supply health level, and adjusting the power supply load state or communication power consumption state of the hydrological data acquisition terminal according to the local control strategy; acquiring power supply feedback data after the execution of the local control strategy, and correcting subsequent diagnostic or control processes based on the power supply feedback data, or entering abnormal backoff control when the power supply feedback data meets the abnormal backoff conditions.

[0009] Optionally, the step of acquiring operational status data related to the service idleness and power supply safety of the hydrological acquisition terminal, and determining whether to enter a preset safe idle diagnostic period based on the operational status data, includes: acquiring the communication task completion status, radio frequency non-transmission status, and sleep request status of the hydrological acquisition terminal to determine the service idleness of the hydrological acquisition terminal; acquiring the external charging status and bus voltage margin of the hydrological acquisition terminal to determine the power supply safety of the hydrological acquisition terminal; and determining to enter the preset safe idle diagnostic period when the service idleness and the power supply safety meet preset interlocking conditions.

[0010] Optionally, the step of suppressing the interference of the charging link on the power supply test and applying a low duty cycle pulsating DC test to the target energy storage unit when entering the preset safe idle diagnostic period includes: outputting a diagnostic timing enable signal according to the preset safe idle diagnostic period; controlling the charging isolation component or the charging suppression component according to the diagnostic timing enable signal to reduce the clamping effect of the charging link on the power supply bus voltage response; and opening the bypass pulsating test branch so that the test load acts on the target energy storage unit according to the preset pulsating test parameters.

[0011] Optionally, the step of acquiring the transient response data set corresponding to the low duty cycle pulsating DC test based on the power supply test response includes: using the pulse transition edge of the low duty cycle pulsating DC test as a hardware synchronization trigger source; collecting and associating the power supply bus voltage, test current, relative timestamp, ambient temperature, and validity flag under the same pulse number; and forming the transient response data set based on the pulse number, the power supply bus voltage, the test current, the relative timestamp, the ambient temperature, and the validity flag.

[0012] Optionally, before determining the power supply health characteristics used to characterize the power supply health of the target energy storage unit based on the transient response data set, the method further includes: determining the validity of the transient response data set; discarding the current transient response data set when the transient response data set has timestamp misordering, inconsistent pulse numbers, sampled values ​​exceeding the physical range, or noise ratio exceeding a preset validity condition; and using the current transient response data set as the data source for extracting power supply health characteristics when the transient response data set meets the preset validity condition.

[0013] Optionally, determining the power supply health characteristics used to characterize the power supply health of the target energy storage unit based on the transient response data set includes: extracting the steady-state voltage before pulse loading, the initial characteristic voltage of pulse loading, the test current, and the flat-top relaxation response from the transient response data set; determining the ohmic internal resistance characterization quantity based on the steady-state voltage before pulse loading, the initial characteristic voltage of pulse loading, and the test current; determining the polarization relaxation characterization quantity based on the flat-top relaxation response; and forming the power supply health characteristics based on the ohmic internal resistance characterization quantity, the polarization relaxation characterization quantity, and the bus voltage margin.

[0014] Optionally, determining the power supply health level based on the power supply health characteristics includes: acquiring a local reference data set corresponding to the target energy storage unit; comparing the power supply health characteristics with the local reference data set to obtain a relative degradation state; and determining the power supply health level based on the relative degradation state, polarization relaxation characteristics, and bus voltage margin; wherein the local reference data set is derived from at least one of factory calibration data, maintenance calibration data, initial stable cycle statistics data, and reference data of similar energy storage units.

[0015] Optionally, the step of generating a local control strategy for the terminal based on the power supply health level includes: determining the correspondence between the load priority, communication task priority, and bus voltage margin of the hydrological acquisition terminal based on the power supply health level; generating a load cut-off command when the power supply health level corresponds to a load limiting state; generating a communication duty cycle adjustment command when the power supply health level corresponds to a communication power consumption reduction state; and generating a power supply protection command to stop further power supply testing and maintain a preset high-priority minimum power supply state for hydrological services when the power supply health level corresponds to a power supply risk state.

[0016] Optionally, adjusting the power supply load state or communication power consumption state of the hydrological acquisition terminal according to the terminal local control strategy includes: controlling the hydrological sensor power supply switch according to the load cut-off command to change the on / off state of the corresponding hydrological sensor power supply channel; controlling the communication module configuration interface according to the communication duty cycle adjustment command to change the communication power consumption state of the hydrological acquisition terminal; stopping the subsequent test triggering of the bypass pulsation test branch according to the power supply protection command, and maintaining the conduction state of the power supply channel corresponding to the preset high-priority hydrological service; and acquiring the target channel current change or execution status flag to characterize the execution result of the terminal local control strategy.

[0017] Optionally, the step of acquiring power supply feedback data after the execution of the terminal local control strategy, and correcting subsequent diagnostic or control processes based on the power supply feedback data, or entering abnormal rollback control when the power supply feedback data meets the abnormal rollback conditions, includes: acquiring at least one of the following as the power supply feedback data: retested internal resistance after execution, voltage rise slope, minimum bus voltage, target channel current change, and communication availability; determining the intervention effect of the terminal local control strategy based on the power supply feedback data; maintaining or reducing the intervention level in subsequent diagnostic or control processes when the intervention effect does not meet the maintenance conditions, and at least one of the following situations exists: bus voltage close to the preset reset safety line, execution failure, communication failure, or abnormal power supply test branch: stopping further power supply testing, maintaining the minimum power supply state required for the preset high-priority hydrological service, and entering abnormal rollback control.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] This invention determines a preset safe idle diagnostic period based on the degree of service idleness and power supply safety. During this period, it suppresses charging link interference and applies low duty cycle pulsating DC testing, allowing power supply testing to avoid the effects of high current during flood reporting, charging clamping, and sampling timing deviations. By acquiring transient response data sets based on the power supply test response, and using these data sets to determine power supply health characteristics and levels, the terminal voltage appearance can be further transformed into a basis for judging the power supply health of the energy storage unit. By generating a terminal local control strategy based on the power supply health level, and correcting subsequent diagnostics or entering abnormal fallback control based on the power supply feedback data after execution, the diagnostic results can be applied to the power supply load status, communication power consumption status, or power supply protection process, thereby improving the identification and end-side handling capabilities of virtual voltage-related power supply risks. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall electrical architecture of a multi-sided closed-loop system for power supply, health diagnosis, and control of a hydrological acquisition terminal, provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of the timing waveform pulses of the global cycle timing and diagnostic triggering synchronization control logic for hydrological task safety provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a detailed sub-process analysis diagram of the core internal impedance domain step response separation, processing, calculation, and extraction mechanism provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply health level, terminal local control strategy, and end-side execution state machine provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply feedback data correction and abnormal rollback control path provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a main flowchart of an online self-diagnosis control method for the power supply health of a hydrological data acquisition terminal, provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0028] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0029] As mentioned earlier, existing hydrological data acquisition terminals typically rely on terminal voltage, charging / discharging current, or state of charge estimates for threshold judgment, generating alarm information or uploading it to a remote platform when an anomaly occurs. In off-grid operation scenarios, this approach still struggles to promptly identify the risk of virtual voltage caused by increased internal impedance of the energy storage unit. Furthermore, if there is a lack of common correlation between the test excitation and the voltage / current response, the test results are easily affected by high flood reporting currents, charging clamping, or sampling timing deviations. Moreover, if the diagnostic results only result in alarm uploads, they cannot be directly translated into local power supply load, communication power consumption, or abnormal fallback control actions, and it is difficult to generate retest feedback and strategy correction after execution.

[0030] To address this issue, the present invention provides an online self-diagnostic control method for the power supply health of a hydrological data acquisition terminal. This method can be implemented through the coordinated configuration of a controller, sampling branch, bypass pulse test branch, and communication module interface within the hydrological data acquisition terminal. It determines a preset safe idle diagnostic period by acquiring operational status data related to the operational idleness and power supply safety of the hydrological data acquisition terminal. During this preset safe idle diagnostic period, it suppresses interference from the charging link to the power supply test and applies a low duty cycle pulsed DC test to the target energy storage unit to generate a power supply test response. Then, based on the power supply test response, it acquires a transient response data set corresponding to the low duty cycle pulsed DC test, and determines the power supply health characteristics and power supply health level accordingly. Subsequently, it generates a local control strategy for the terminal based on the power supply health level, adjusts the power supply load state or communication power consumption state of the hydrological data acquisition terminal, and corrects subsequent diagnostic or control processes based on the power supply feedback data after execution, or enters abnormal backoff control when abnormal backoff conditions are met. This creates a continuous closed loop between power supply test timing, transient response acquisition, power supply health judgment, local control execution, and feedback backoff, thereby solving the problems in the prior art.

[0031] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 6 This invention is described in detail.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] This invention provides an online self-diagnostic control method for the power supply health of a hydrological data acquisition terminal. The executing entity can be a controller within the hydrological data acquisition terminal, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the controller, target energy storage unit, power supply bus, bypass pulsation test branch, sampling branch, and end-side execution object within the hydrological acquisition terminal together constitute a power supply health diagnosis and control closed loop. Based on this, as... Figure 6 As shown, the method mainly includes the following steps:

[0034] S100: Obtain operational status data related to the service idleness and power supply security of the hydrological acquisition terminal, and determine whether to enter the preset safe idle diagnostic period based on the operational status data;

[0035] S200. When entering the preset safe idle diagnostic period, suppress the interference of the charging link on the power supply test, and apply a low duty cycle pulsating DC test to the target energy storage unit to generate a power supply test response.

[0036] S300. Based on the power supply test response, acquire the transient response data set corresponding to the low duty cycle pulsating DC test.

[0037] S400. Determine the power supply health characteristics used to characterize the power supply health level of the target energy storage unit based on the transient response data set, and determine the power supply health level based on the power supply health characteristics.

[0038] S500. Generate a local control strategy for the terminal based on the power supply health level, and adjust the power supply load state or communication power consumption state of the hydrological acquisition terminal according to the local control strategy.

[0039] S600: Obtain power supply feedback data after the execution of the terminal local control strategy, and correct the subsequent diagnosis or control process based on the power supply feedback data, or enter abnormal rollback control when the power supply feedback data meets the abnormal rollback conditions.

[0040] Based on the above steps, this invention performs low duty cycle pulsating DC testing during a preset safe idle diagnostic period when the hydrological acquisition terminal is in an idle and power supply safe state, and suppresses the interference of the charging link on the power supply test, so that the power supply test can avoid the influence of high current in flood reporting communication, charging link clamping, and sampling timing deviation on the test results; by obtaining transient response data sets corresponding to the low duty cycle pulsating DC test based on the power supply test response, and determining the power supply health characteristics and power supply health level from the transient response data sets, the virtual voltage risk caused by the internal impedance degradation of the target energy storage unit can be transformed into a power supply status quantity that can be used for end-side level judgment; by mapping the power supply health level to the terminal local control strategy, and correcting the subsequent diagnosis or control process based on the power supply feedback data after execution, or entering abnormal backoff control when the abnormal backoff conditions are met, the diagnosis results can be applied to the power supply load status or communication power consumption status of the hydrological acquisition terminal, thereby improving the identification and end-side handling capabilities of virtual voltage type power supply risks.

[0041] Example 2:

[0042] To provide a more detailed explanation of the technical solutions provided in the above embodiments, the present invention also provides another preferred embodiment. In this embodiment, each step still uses a hydrological acquisition terminal as the single implementing entity, and is carried out according to the acquisition and activation stage, measurement... Trial stimulus stage The actual operation sequence of the segment, the acquisition / transmission association stage, the controller in the processing stage, the judgment / output stage, the execution stage, and the feedback / abnormal rollback stage is unfolded.

[0043] In another embodiment of the present invention, step S100 may further include the following steps:

[0044] S110. Obtain the communication task completion status, radio frequency non-transmission status, and sleep request status of the hydrological acquisition terminal to determine the service idle level of the hydrological acquisition terminal.

[0045] S120. Obtain the external charging status and bus voltage margin of the hydrological acquisition terminal to determine the power supply safety level of the hydrological acquisition terminal.

[0046] S130. When the service idle level and the power supply safety level meet the preset interlocking conditions, determine to enter the preset safe idle diagnostic period.

[0047] For example, steps S110 to S130 may further include the following processes:

[0048] The diagnostic task scheduler of the hydrological acquisition terminal can first read the communication task completion status in the status register of the communication module or protocol stack, and simultaneously read the bus idle interrupt, RF link non-transmitting status, and sleep request status. When the communication task completion status indicates that the current message transmission has ended, the RF link is in a non-transmitting state, and the terminal enters a sleep request state, the diagnostic task scheduler combines the above statuses into a service idle level.

[0049] The above states can originate from communication module handshake feedback, protocol stack status register, RF module sleep pin, or bus idle interrupt. Examples include a message transmission completion flag being true, an RF transmit enable signal being low, and a sleep request flag being true.

[0050] After the idle period meets the requirements, the hydrological acquisition terminal continues to acquire external charging status and bus voltage margin. External charging status can come from the photovoltaic charging controller, charging current sampling branch, or charging input voltage sampling branch; bus voltage margin can come from the power supply bus sampling branch and can be determined based on the minimum operating voltage of the core controller and communication module. The bus voltage margin represents the difference between the current power supply bus voltage and the reset safety line or minimum operating voltage; the engineering safety margin is used to construct the reset safety line.

[0051] The preset interlocking conditions can be determined by the business idle state, external charging state and bus voltage margin, and can be derived from the hydrological terminal operation procedures, power supply module data manual, factory calibration and on-site debugging results.

[0052] During initial configuration, the external charging status can be tested under weak charging, no charging, or stable float charging conditions (e.g., photovoltaic output power is less than 5% of the rated charging power). The bus voltage margin can be tested using the core controller reset voltage plus an engineering safety margin (e.g., bus voltage is higher than the core controller reset voltage). above).

[0053] When the above conditions are met simultaneously, the diagnostic task scheduler outputs a diagnostic timing enable signal and sends the diagnostic timing enable signal to the bypass pulsating DC test branch.

[0054] If the terminal is in a state of emergency flood reporting, high-power charging, insufficient bus voltage, or a sleep window shorter than the time required for one test, it will not enter this diagnostic process, and core hydrological services will continue to operate with priority. In this way, subsequent power supply tests will not overlap with the flood reporting transmission window or the high-power charging window, and the power supply test response will not be masked by high communication current or charging link clamping status.

[0055] In another embodiment of the present invention, step S200 may further include the following steps:

[0056] S210. Output a diagnostic timing enable signal according to the preset safe idle diagnostic period;

[0057] S220. Control the charging isolation component or the charging suppression component according to the diagnostic timing enable signal to reduce the clamping effect of the charging link on the power supply bus voltage response.

[0058] S230, the bypass pulsation test branch is turned on, so that the test load acts on the target energy storage unit according to the preset pulsation test parameters.

[0059] For example, steps S210 to S230 may further include the following processes:

[0060] When the diagnostic task scheduler confirms that the preset safe idle diagnostic period has been entered, the controller outputs a diagnostic timing enable signal via the output pin or status register. This signal enables the bypass pulsation test branch to enter the conduction state on the one hand, and temporarily reduces the clamping effect of the charging isolation component or charging suppression component on the voltage response of the power supply bus on the other hand.

[0061] The charging isolation component or charging suppression component can be applied to the photovoltaic or charging input link to enable the target energy storage unit to exhibit a voltage response closer to its own impedance state during the test pulse.

[0062] Subsequently, the controller can control the controlled switch to conduct the bypass pulsation test branch according to the preset pulsation test parameters, so that the test load is applied to the target energy storage unit for a short time.

[0063] The preset pulsation test parameters can be derived from the controller's timer capability, test load parameters, energy storage unit capacity, power supply bus allowable dip margin, and field commissioning parameters (e.g., test frequency). to The single-pulse conduction time is to (The continuous test cycle is 3 to 5 times). This parameter is only used to generate short-term electrical disturbances that are sufficient to be identified by the acquisition side, and is not used as a fixed test condition.

[0064] During the conduction of the bypass pulsation test branch, the target energy storage unit generates a controlled voltage sag and test current response on the power supply bus. The transition edge of the test pulse is simultaneously output to the subsequent acquisition / transmission correlation stage. If a bus sag exceeds the limit, the test branch is open-circuited, the pulse width is abnormal, or the switch execution state is abnormal when the test load is first connected, the controller stops further power supply testing and sends the abnormal state to the subsequent feedback or abnormal backoff process. The judgment condition for bus sag exceeding the limit can be derived from the minimum operating voltage of the power supply bus, the core controller reset voltage, and engineering safety margin (e.g., the instantaneous bus voltage is lower than the reset voltage plus an additional voltage during the test). Stop testing when the safety margin is reached.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the preset safe idle diagnostic period is located within the intersection of idle service and safe power supply. The low duty cycle pulsating DC test is triggered during this period. In another embodiment of the present invention, step S300 may include the following steps:

[0066] S310. The pulse transition edge of the low duty cycle pulsating DC test is used as the hardware synchronization trigger source.

[0067] S320: Collect and associate power supply bus voltage, test current, relative timestamp, ambient temperature and validity flag under the same pulse number;

[0068] S330. The transient response data set is formed based on the pulse number, the power supply bus voltage, the test current, the relative timestamp, the ambient temperature, and the validity flag.

[0069] Before determining the power supply health characteristics used to characterize the power supply health of the target energy storage unit based on the transient response data set, the method further includes:

[0070] S340. Determine the validity of the transient response data set;

[0071] S350. When the transient response data group has timestamp misordering, inconsistent pulse numbers, sampled values ​​exceeding the physical range, or noise ratio exceeding the preset validity condition, the current transient response data group is discarded.

[0072] S360. When the transient response data set meets the preset validity condition, the current transient response data set is used as the data source for extracting power supply health features.

[0073] For example, steps S310 to S360 may further include the following processes:

[0074] After the bypass pulsation test branch generates a test pulse, the acquisition / transmission correlation phase does not rely on ordinary periodic polling. Instead, the test pulse transition edge is configured as a hardware synchronous trigger source, enabling the analog-to-digital conversion unit, hardware timer, and interrupt capture unit to operate under the same trigger event. Each test pulse can generate a pulse number, and the power supply bus voltage, test current, relative timestamp, ambient temperature, and validity flag are recorded under that pulse number.

[0075] The power supply bus voltage comes from the power supply bus sampling terminal, the test current comes from the test branch shunt resistor, the current sampling branch or the equivalent current detection component, the relative timestamp comes from the hardware timer, the ambient temperature comes from the temperature sampling component inside the terminal or the temperature sampling point near the energy storage unit, and the validity indicator comes from the sampling integrity and range check.

[0076] The sampling window can be sourced from the analog-to-digital converter's sampling rate, memory buffer capacity, and pulse edge response time (e.g., the sampling window starts before the pulse transition). From the beginning until the pulse transition Finish).

[0077] After forming the transient response data set, the controller can check whether the data under the same pulse number is complete, whether the relative timestamp is monotonically increasing, whether the voltage and current sampled values ​​exceed the physical range of the sampling branch, and determine whether the noise ratio exceeds the preset validity conditions based on on-site debugging or historical stable cycle statistics (e.g., the proportion of sampling points exceeding the physical range or marked as abnormal exceeds...). (At this time, the current transient response data set is discarded). Once the transient response data set passes the validity check, it is sent to the controller for processing.

[0078] Through this shared-source association method, the voltage, current and time information used by the subsequent controller in the processing stage all come from the same test pulse, and will not mix the random load or charging disturbance into the same calculation cycle.

[0079] In another embodiment of the present invention, step S400 may include the following steps:

[0080] S410. Extract the steady-state voltage before pulse loading, the initial characteristic voltage of pulse loading, the test current, and the flat-top relaxation response from the transient response data set.

[0081] S420. Determine the ohmic internal resistance characterization quantity based on the steady-state voltage before pulse loading, the initial characteristic voltage of pulse loading, and the test current;

[0082] S430. Based on the flat-top relaxation response, determine the polarization relaxation characterization quantity, which is the result of normalizing the voltage change between the end voltage of the flat-top period and the initial characteristic voltage of the pulse loading by the test current.

[0083] S440. Based on the ohmic internal resistance characteristic, the polarization relaxation characteristic, and the bus voltage margin, the power supply health characteristics are formed.

[0084] The step of determining the power supply health level based on the power supply health characteristics may include:

[0085] S450: Obtain the local reference data set corresponding to the target energy storage unit;

[0086] S460. Compare the power supply health characteristics with the local reference data set to obtain the relative degradation state;

[0087] S470. Determine the power supply health level based on the relative degradation state, polarization relaxation characterization quantity, and bus voltage margin.

[0088] S480, wherein the local reference data set is derived from at least one of the following: factory calibration data, maintenance calibration data, initial stable cycle statistics data, and reference data of similar energy storage units.

[0089] For example, steps S410 to S480 may further include the following processes:

[0090] During the processing phase, the controller first determines the steady-state voltage before pulse loading from the effective transient response data set, then determines the initial characteristic voltage of the load within the initial pulse loading window, and reads the test current under the same pulse number. The source of the initial pulse loading window can be the response time of the test branch, the sampling rate, and the step response characteristics of the energy storage unit (e.g., taking the voltage after the pulse transition). The voltage valley value within the range is used as the initial characteristic voltage for loading. Subsequently, the controller determines the ohmic internal resistance characterization quantity based on the above data during the processing phase. The ohmic internal resistance characterization quantity can be expressed by the following formula:

[0091] (1)

[0092] in, This is a characterization of the ohmic internal resistance for the current period. The steady-state voltage before pulse loading. The initial characteristic voltage is applied by the pulse. For testing current. , and All of them are from the same transient response data group formed in steps S310 to S330.

[0093] After determining the ohmic internal resistance characterization, the controller can also determine the polarization relaxation characterization based on the flat-top relaxation response during the processing phase. The flat-top relaxation response can be derived from the voltage change sequence during the duration of the test pulse, and its determination method can be configured based on the sampling window, test pulse width, and energy storage unit response characteristics (for example, selecting a voltage relaxation sequence during the 20ms to 50ms period of single-pulse conduction). The polarization relaxation characterization can be determined based on the voltage change between the flat-top end voltage and the initial characteristic voltage under the same pulse number, the voltage change rate per unit time, or the relaxation change normalized by the test current; the flat-top end voltage, the initial characteristic voltage, and the test current all originate from the same transient response data set.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the polarization relaxation characteristic is the voltage change between the end voltage of the flat-top period and the initial characteristic voltage after normalization by the test current. During the processing phase, the controller combines the ohmic internal resistance characteristic, the polarization relaxation characteristic, and the bus voltage margin to form a power supply health characteristic.

[0095] During the judgment phase, a local reference data set corresponding to the target energy storage unit is acquired. This local reference data set is a power supply health reference data set stored locally on the hydrological acquisition terminal. It can be stored in the form of a reference data table, array, or lookup table, and indexed according to ambient temperature range, energy storage unit type, or operating cycle. The local reference data set is not limited to a two-dimensional matrix in the mathematical sense, but includes local reference data stored in the form of tables, arrays, lookup tables, or multi-dimensional indexed data sets. It includes the ohmic internal resistance reference value, polarization relaxation reference state, bus voltage margin reference value, and corresponding graded judgment thresholds of the target energy storage unit under reference conditions.

[0096] It can be obtained from at least one of the following: factory calibration data, maintenance calibration data, statistical data of the initial stable cycle during commissioning, and reference data of similar energy storage units, and can be corrected according to ambient temperature. To avoid the initial internal resistance differences between different batches of energy storage units directly affecting the rating determination, the relative degradation state can be calculated during the determination stage. The relative degradation state can be expressed by the following formula:

[0097] (2)

[0098] in, This is a relatively deteriorated state. The ohmic internal resistance characteristic obtained from the aforementioned formula for the current period is... This is the local reference internal resistance after correction for ambient temperature. The source is the local reference data set described in step S480. The ambient temperature is derived from the ambient temperature sample value associated in step S320.

[0099] The judgment phase can map relative degradation state, polarization relaxation characteristics, and bus voltage margin together to a power supply health level. This mapping process can be completed by calling the corresponding grading judgment thresholds from the local reference data set for relative degradation state, polarization relaxation characteristics, and bus voltage margin. The tiered sources of the power supply health level can include factory calibration, maintenance calibration, initial stable cycle statistics, reference data from similar energy storage units, and minimum power supply requirements for hydrological operations (e.g., ...). achieve This corresponds to the load limiting state. achieve The corresponding power supply risk status is determined at that time. Based on this, if the polarization relaxation characteristic quantity exceeds the preset relaxation threshold, or the bus voltage margin is lower than the preset margin safety line, the current power supply health level is adjusted to a more serious level, or it is directly determined to be the corresponding power supply risk status, so as to achieve multi-parameter comprehensive judgment.

[0100] It should be noted that the example values ​​above are only used to illustrate the step division method and are not the sole criterion for judgment. If the transient response data set is invalid or the proportion of noise frames exceeds the preset validity condition, the controller will not update the local reference data set during the processing phase and will wait for the next safe idle diagnostic period to re-collect the data.

[0101] like Figure 3 As shown, the test current, power supply bus voltage, and relative timestamp under the same pulse number are used to form a transient response data set, and power supply health characteristics are further extracted. In another embodiment of the present invention, step S500 may further include:

[0102] S510. Based on the power supply health level, determine the correspondence between the load priority, communication task priority, and bus voltage margin of the hydrological acquisition terminal.

[0103] S520. When the power supply health level corresponds to the load limiting state, a load cut-off command is generated.

[0104] S530. When the power supply health level corresponds to the communication power consumption reduction state, a communication duty cycle adjustment command is generated.

[0105] S540. When the power supply health level corresponds to the power supply risk state, a power supply protection command is generated to stop further power supply testing and maintain the preset high-priority minimum power supply state for hydrological services.

[0106] Adjusting the power supply load state or communication power consumption state of the hydrological acquisition terminal according to the terminal local control strategy may include:

[0107] S550. Control the power supply switch of the hydrological sensor according to the load cut-off command to change the on / off state of the power supply channel of the corresponding hydrological sensor.

[0108] S560. Control the communication module configuration interface according to the communication duty cycle adjustment command to change the communication power consumption state of the hydrological acquisition terminal.

[0109] S570. According to the power supply protection command, stop the subsequent test triggering of the bypass pulsation test branch, and maintain the conduction state of the power supply channel corresponding to the preset high-priority hydrological service.

[0110] S580. Obtain the target channel current change or execution status flag to characterize the execution result of the terminal local control strategy.

[0111] For example, steps S510 to S580 may further include the following processes:

[0112] After receiving the power supply health level during the output phase, the system reads the correspondence between load priority, communication task priority, and bus voltage margin. This correspondence is used to map the power supply health level to the corresponding end-side control strategy. When the power supply health level corresponds to a load limiting state, power supply limiting is prioritized for low-priority loads. When the power supply health level corresponds to a communication power consumption reduction state, the communication duty cycle of non-emergency communication tasks is adjusted first. When the power supply health level corresponds to a power supply risk state, a power supply protection command is generated first to stop the subsequent test triggering of the bypass pulsation test branch and maintain the conduction state of the power supply channel corresponding to the preset high-priority hydrological service.

[0113] The source of this correspondence can be the minimum flood reporting requirements for hydrological operations, load power consumption level table, sensor power supply channel configuration record and field maintenance configuration (for example, setting water level acquisition, rainfall acquisition and minimum flood reporting communication as high priority, and setting local display, non-critical water quality branch or auxiliary maintenance branch as low priority).

[0114] When the power supply health level corresponds to a load limiting state, the output stage generates a load cut-off command, and the execution stage changes the on / off state of the corresponding sensor power supply channel via the hydrological sensor power supply switch. The load cut-off command can act on the sensor power supply switch, power supply relay, or controlled switch array, and its result can be verified by the change in the target channel current. The judgment condition for the change in the target channel current can be derived from the current sensing range, the rated power consumption of the load, and the results of on-site commissioning (e.g., the target channel current drops to the level before the load cut-off after the load is cut off). the following).

[0115] When the power supply health level corresponds to the communication power consumption reduction state, the output stage generates a communication duty cycle adjustment command and changes the terminal communication power consumption state through the communication module configuration interface. The communication duty cycle adjustment parameters can be sourced from hydrological flood reporting procedures, communication module configuration interfaces, communication task priorities, and power supply bus margin (e.g., reducing the flood reporting interval in non-emergency states from every...). One adjustment to each once).

[0116] When the power supply health level corresponds to a power supply risk state, a power supply protection command is generated in the output stage. This command stops subsequent test triggering of the bypass pulsation test branch and maintains the conduction status of the power supply channels corresponding to core hydrological services such as water level acquisition, rainfall acquisition, or minimum flood reporting communication. When feedback confirms a reset risk, execution failure, communication failure, or abnormality of the power supply test branch, the controller enters an abnormal rollback judgment and stops subsequent test triggering of the bypass pulsation test branch, restricting power supply actions for non-core hydrological services and maintaining the minimum power supply status required for core hydrological services. The minimum bus voltage, target channel current change, communication availability status, or execution status flag after the power supply protection command is executed are used as subsequent power supply feedback data.

[0117] After execution, the controller acquires the target channel current change or execution status flag to confirm whether the load cut-off, communication configuration change, or power supply protection command has actually taken effect on the end-side hardware. If the control command has been issued but the target channel current has not changed as expected, or the execution status flag indicates execution failure, the execution phase will pass the failure information to the feedback / abnormal rollback phase. In this way, the power supply health level will not remain at the alarm or display level, but will be transformed into a verifiable physical change in power supply or communication status.

[0118] like Figure 4 As shown, the power supply health level can be further mapped to a load limiting state, a communication power consumption reduction state, or a power supply risk state, and corresponding end-side control commands are generated. In another embodiment of the present invention, step S600 may further include:

[0119] S610. Obtain at least one of the following after execution: retested internal resistance, voltage rise slope, minimum bus voltage, target channel current change, and communication availability status, as the power supply feedback data.

[0120] S620. Determine the intervention effect of the terminal local control strategy based on the power supply feedback data;

[0121] S630. When the intervention effect meets the maintenance conditions, the intervention level in the subsequent diagnosis or control process is maintained or reduced. When the intervention effect does not meet the maintenance conditions, and there is no bus voltage close to the preset reset safety line, execution failure, communication failure or power supply test branch abnormality, the current intervention level is maintained unchanged, and a retest is triggered in the next safe idle diagnosis period.

[0122] S640. When the intervention effect does not meet the maintenance conditions, and there is at least one of the following situations: the bus voltage is close to the preset reset safety line, execution failure, communication failure, or power supply test branch abnormality, further power supply testing shall be stopped, the minimum power supply state required for the preset high-priority hydrological service shall be maintained, and abnormal rollback control shall be entered.

[0123] For example, steps S610 to S640 may further include the following process: During the feedback / abnormal rollback phase, the internal resistance, voltage rise slope, minimum bus voltage, target channel current change, and communication availability status can be re-acquired within a preset stabilization waiting time after the execution of the end-side control strategy or within the next safe idle diagnostic period. The preset stabilization waiting time can be derived from the energy storage unit relaxation characteristics, communication task intervals, and field commissioning parameters (e.g., waiting 60 seconds after load disconnection before retesting).

[0124] To determine the intervention effect, the feedback phase can compare the internal resistance before execution with the re-measured internal resistance after execution to obtain the relative change in the re-measured internal resistance. This relative change in the re-measured internal resistance characterizes the relative change in the internal resistance state of the target energy storage unit before and after execution. When the terminal local control strategy does not directly aim to change the internal resistance state of the target energy storage unit, the relative change in the re-measured internal resistance characterizes the intervention effect as an auxiliary feedback quantity. The feedback phase prioritizes combining the minimum bus voltage, voltage rise slope, target channel current change, and communication availability to determine the intervention effect. The relative change in the re-measured internal resistance characterizes the intervention effect using the following formula:

[0125] (3)

[0126] in, This refers to the relative change in the internal resistance characterization quantity during retesting. To prevent internal resistance before execution, The internal resistance was retested after execution. It can be derived from the most recent valid ohmic resistance characterization value before execution. This can be derived from the ohmic internal resistance characterization obtained after retesting following execution. When the value is positive, it indicates that the internal resistance characterization obtained after the retest is lower than the internal resistance characterization before the test; when... A value of zero or negative indicates that the internal resistance did not decrease or increased after retesting. This applies to load disconnection, communication power reduction, or power supply protection processes. It should not be used as the sole criterion for judging the effectiveness of intervention.

[0127] When the terminal local control strategy does not directly aim to change the internal resistance state of the target energy storage unit, the relative change of the remeasured internal resistance characterization quantity is used as an auxiliary feedback quantity, and the intervention effect is determined primarily based on the minimum bus voltage, voltage recovery slope, target channel current change, and communication availability status.

[0128] The sources of maintenance conditions can be historical stable cycle statistics, maintenance calibration and on-site debugging results (for example, when the relative change of the internal resistance characterization quantity is positive and reaches the preset ratio, or when the minimum bus voltage, voltage rise slope, target channel current change and communication availability meet the corresponding maintenance conditions, the subsequent intervention level can be maintained or reduced).

[0129] In one implementation, the maintenance condition may include the following judgment logic: when the terminal local control strategy is load cut-off or communication power reduction, if the minimum bus voltage after execution is not lower than the minimum bus voltage before execution, and the voltage recovery slope is greater than the preset recovery threshold, and the target channel current change is consistent with the expected change direction, and the communication availability status is true, then the intervention effect is determined to meet the maintenance condition; when the terminal local control strategy is power supply protection, if the minimum bus voltage is not lower than the reset safety line, and the communication availability status is true, then the intervention effect is determined to meet the maintenance condition.

[0130] The intervention level can be set from low to high in the order of communication power consumption reduction, load limiting, and power supply risk rollback. When the power supply feedback data indicates that the bus voltage has recovered, the target channel current change is in line with expectations, and the communication availability status remains normal, the controller can reduce the intervention level from a higher level to a lower level, or maintain the current intervention level.

[0131] When the intervention effect meets the maintenance conditions, the controller can maintain or reduce the intervention level in subsequent diagnostic or control processes; when the intervention effect does not meet the maintenance conditions, an abnormal rollback judgment is made by combining the minimum bus voltage, execution failure status, communication failure status, and abnormal status of the power supply test branch. The judgment that the bus voltage is close to the reset safety line can be determined by the following formula:

[0132] (4)

[0133] (5)

[0134] in, To reset the safety line, This is the minimum operating or reset voltage for the core controller or communication module. To ensure a safety margin for the project, The minimum bus voltage measured within the retest window or high-power service window.

[0135] It can be derived from the chip or communication module datasheet. This can come from power supply link design redundancy and field commissioning results (e.g., for , for ,but for ).

[0136] When the relative change in the internal resistance characteristic measured during retesting does not meet the maintenance condition, and the minimum bus voltage meets the above reset safety line criterion, or when there is at least one of the following situations: execution failure, communication failure, or abnormal power supply test branch, the controller stops further power supply testing, maintains the minimum power supply state required for the preset high-priority hydrological services, and enters abnormal rollback control. Abnormal rollback control may include stopping bypass pulsation testing, retaining core hydrological data acquisition loads such as water level or rainfall, maintaining minimum communication tasks, and no longer continuing to execute power supply testing or non-core hydrological service power supply actions. If the power supply feedback data is invalid, the controller can use the control results of the previous effective safety cycle and wait for the next safe idle diagnostic period to re-acquire and retest.

[0137] like Figure 5 As shown, after the terminal's local control strategy is executed, the intervention effect is judged through power supply feedback data, and abnormal rollback control is entered when the abnormal rollback conditions are met. Accordingly, this invention determines a preset safe idle diagnostic period through operating status data, and completes charging interference suppression, low duty cycle pulsating DC testing, transient response data group construction, power supply health feature extraction, health level determination, local control strategy execution, and power supply feedback rollback within this period, so that power supply diagnosis no longer stops at the terminal voltage threshold alarm; by making the transient response data group correspond to the power supply testing process from the same source, the formation process of power supply health features can avoid the interference of alarm load, charging link clamping, and timing misalignment; by converting the health level into the adjustment of power supply load status, communication power consumption status, or power supply protection process, and combining the power supply feedback data after execution to correct the subsequent diagnosis or control process, this invention can form a terminal-side closed loop around virtual voltage risk identification, local power supply or communication handling, and abnormal rollback.

[0138] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for online self-diagnosis and control of power supply health in a hydrological data acquisition terminal, applied to a hydrological data acquisition terminal, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire operational status data related to the service idleness and power supply security of the hydrological acquisition terminal, and determine whether to enter a preset safe idle diagnostic period based on the operational status data; When entering the preset safe idle diagnostic period, the interference of the charging link on the power supply test is suppressed, and a low duty cycle pulsating DC test is applied to the target energy storage unit to generate a power supply test response. Based on the power supply test response, obtain the transient response data set corresponding to the low duty cycle pulsating DC test; Based on the transient response data set, power supply health characteristics are determined to characterize the power supply health level of the target energy storage unit, and the power supply health level is determined based on the power supply health characteristics. A local control strategy for the terminal is generated based on the power supply health level, and the power supply load status or communication power consumption status of the hydrological acquisition terminal is adjusted according to the local control strategy. The system acquires power supply feedback data after the execution of the terminal local control strategy, and corrects subsequent diagnostic or control processes based on the power supply feedback data, or enters abnormal rollback control when the power supply feedback data meets the abnormal rollback conditions.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of acquiring operational status data related to the service idleness and power supply security of the hydrological acquisition terminal, and determining whether to enter a preset safe idle diagnostic period based on the operational status data, includes: The communication task completion status, radio frequency non-transmission status, and sleep request status of the hydrological acquisition terminal are obtained to determine the service idle level of the hydrological acquisition terminal. The external charging status and bus voltage margin of the hydrological acquisition terminal are obtained to determine the power supply safety level of the hydrological acquisition terminal. When the service idle level and the power supply safety level meet the preset interlocking conditions, the preset safe idle diagnostic period is determined to be entered.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of suppressing interference from the charging link to the power supply test and applying a low duty cycle pulsating DC test to the target energy storage unit during the preset safe idle diagnostic period includes: Output a diagnostic timing enable signal according to the preset safe idle diagnostic period; The charging isolation component or charging suppression component is controlled according to the diagnostic timing enable signal to reduce the clamping effect of the charging link on the power supply bus voltage response; The bypass pulsation test branch is activated, so that the test load acts on the target energy storage unit according to the preset pulsation test parameters.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of acquiring the transient response data set corresponding to the low duty cycle pulsating DC test based on the power supply test response includes: The pulse transition edge of the low duty cycle pulsating DC test is used as the hardware synchronization trigger source; Under the same pulse number, collect and associate the power supply bus voltage, test current, relative timestamp, ambient temperature and validity flag; The transient response data set is formed based on the pulse number, the power supply bus voltage, the test current, the relative timestamp, the ambient temperature, and the validity flag.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the power supply health characteristics used to characterize the power supply health of the target energy storage unit based on the transient response data set, the method further includes: The validity of the transient response data set is determined; If the transient response data group has timestamp misordering, inconsistent pulse numbers, sampled values ​​exceeding the physical range, or noise ratio exceeding the preset validity condition, the current transient response data group is discarded. When the transient response data set meets the preset validity condition, the current transient response data set is used as the data source for extracting power supply health features.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of power supply health characteristics to characterize the power supply health of the target energy storage unit based on the transient response data set includes: Extract the steady-state voltage before pulse loading, the initial characteristic voltage of pulse loading, the test current, and the flat-top relaxation response from the transient response data set; The ohmic internal resistance characterization quantity is determined based on the steady-state voltage before pulse loading, the initial characteristic voltage of pulse loading, and the test current. Based on the flat-top relaxation response, determine the polarization relaxation characterization quantity; The power supply health characteristics are formed based on the ohmic internal resistance characterization, the polarization relaxation characterization, and the bus voltage margin.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the power supply health level based on the power supply health characteristics includes: Obtain the local reference data set corresponding to the target energy storage unit; The power supply health characteristics are compared with the local reference data set to obtain the relative degradation status; The power supply health level is determined based on the relative degradation state, polarization relaxation characteristics, and bus voltage margin. The local reference data set is derived from at least one of the following: factory calibration data, maintenance calibration data, statistical data of the initial stable cycle during operation, and reference data of similar energy storage units.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating a local terminal control strategy based on the power supply health level includes: Based on the power supply health level, determine the correspondence between the load priority, communication task priority, and bus voltage margin of the hydrological acquisition terminal; When the power supply health level corresponds to a load limiting state, a load disconnection command is generated; When the power supply health level corresponds to the communication power consumption reduction state, a communication duty cycle adjustment command is generated; When the power supply health level corresponds to a power supply risk state, a power supply protection command is generated to stop further power supply testing and maintain the preset high-priority minimum power supply state for hydrological services.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Adjusting the power supply load state or communication power consumption state of the hydrological acquisition terminal according to the terminal local control strategy includes: The power supply switch of the hydrological sensor is controlled according to the load cut-off command to change the on / off state of the corresponding hydrological sensor power supply channel. The communication module configuration interface is controlled according to the communication duty cycle adjustment command to change the communication power consumption state of the hydrological acquisition terminal. According to the power supply protection command, the subsequent test triggering of the bypass pulsation test branch is stopped, and the conduction state of the power supply channel corresponding to the preset high-priority hydrological service is maintained. Obtain the target channel current change or execution status flag to characterize the execution result of the terminal local control strategy.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of acquiring power supply feedback data after the execution of the terminal local control strategy, and correcting subsequent diagnostic or control processes based on the power supply feedback data, or entering abnormal rollback control when the power supply feedback data meets the abnormal rollback conditions, includes: Acquire at least one of the following after execution: retested internal resistance, voltage rise slope, minimum bus voltage, target channel current change, and communication availability status, as the power supply feedback data; The intervention effect of the terminal local control strategy is determined based on the power supply feedback data; When the intervention effect meets the maintenance conditions, the intervention level is maintained or reduced in subsequent diagnosis or control processes; When the intervention effect does not meet the maintenance conditions, and there is at least one of the following situations: the bus voltage is close to the preset reset safety line, execution fails, communication fails, or the power supply test branch is abnormal, further power supply testing is stopped, the minimum power supply state required for the preset high-priority hydrological service is maintained, and abnormal rollback control is entered.

Images