Low voltage photovoltaic loop bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system

Abstract

This invention discloses a Bluetooth-enabled smart circuit breaker control system for low-voltage photovoltaic circuits, relating to the field of low-voltage photovoltaic power generation system technology. The system integrates a main control module, a dynamic protection module, a collaborative linkage module, a Bluetooth communication module, and the circuit breaker body to form an overall architecture. It employs multi-dimensional operating condition acquisition to obtain electrical and environmental parameters, enabling adaptive adjustment of protection thresholds based on operating conditions. A multi-circuit wireless linkage network is established through Bluetooth Mesh networking to achieve collaborative fault isolation and load balancing control. Accurate fault location is achieved through multi-feature data fusion, and wireless data interaction and remote debugging are realized through Bluetooth Low Energy communication. This invention integrates dynamic protection, multi-circuit collaboration, fault location, and wireless operation and maintenance, improving protection accuracy and operational stability, suppressing fault propagation, and simplifying installation and debugging processes. It is suitable for intelligent protection and operation and maintenance control of various distributed low-voltage photovoltaic systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-voltage photovoltaic power generation system technology, specifically to a low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system. Background Technology

[0002] Distributed low-voltage photovoltaic (PV) systems are susceptible to changes in sunlight intensity, ambient temperature, partial shading, and load fluctuations during operation. The electrical parameters of the circuits vary widely and are highly random. Traditional PV circuit breakers typically use fixed protection thresholds, which cannot adaptively adjust in real time according to operating conditions, making them prone to false protection or protection failure to operate, thus affecting system power generation efficiency and operational safety. Furthermore, multi-circuit PV systems often employ independent control modes, lacking a coordinated linkage mechanism between circuits. When a fault occurs in a single circuit, it is impossible to quickly isolate related circuits, easily leading to fault propagation and further exacerbating equipment damage and downtime risks.

[0003] While some existing technologies incorporate wireless communication or adjustable threshold structures, most only improve a single function and fail to integrate adaptive protection, multi-circuit wireless coordination, precise fault location, and Bluetooth wireless operation and maintenance into a unified control system. This results in insufficient protection accuracy of photovoltaic circuits, delayed fault handling, cumbersome operation and maintenance, and difficulty in adapting to the complex and ever-changing operating conditions of distributed photovoltaic systems. The main technical problem addressed by this invention is: how to achieve real-time adaptive adjustment of protection thresholds in low-voltage photovoltaic scenarios with drastic parameter fluctuations, and how to quickly suppress fault propagation through multi-circuit collaborative linkage, while simultaneously improving the convenience of system operation and maintenance and the level of intelligent control.

[0004] In view of the above, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system, comprising a circuit breaker body, a dynamic protection module, a collaborative linkage module, a Bluetooth communication module, and a main control module. The main control module is electrically connected to the circuit breaker body, the dynamic protection module, the collaborative linkage module, and the Bluetooth communication module, respectively, and is used to receive signals transmitted by each module and send control commands. The dynamic protection module includes an operating condition acquisition submodule and a threshold adjustment unit. The operating condition acquisition submodule is used to acquire operating parameters and environmental parameters of the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit, and the threshold adjustment unit is used to dynamically adjust the protection threshold of the circuit breaker body based on the acquired parameters. The collaborative linkage module includes a networking submodule and a fault location unit. The networking submodule is used to implement multiple circuit breakers... The control system features a collaborative network. The fault location unit accurately locates the fault point based on the fault data transmitted by the dynamic protection module. The Bluetooth communication module uses a Bluetooth BLE module to enable short-range communication between the main control module and external terminals, transmitting system operation data, fault information, and control commands. The circuit breaker body receives control commands from the main control module and executes opening and closing actions to protect the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit. Highlighting the unique technical features of dynamic protection and collaborative linkage, the system organically combines these two features with Bluetooth communication technology to form a complete control system. This solves the problems of fixed protection thresholds, inability to coordinate multiple circuits, and inconvenient operation and maintenance in existing technologies, achieving precise protection, collaborative prevention and control, and convenient operation and maintenance of the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit, thereby improving the system's operational stability.

[0007] Furthermore, the operating condition acquisition submodule of the dynamic protection module includes a current acquisition unit, a voltage acquisition unit, a light intensity acquisition unit, and a temperature acquisition unit. Each unit acquires the current parameters, voltage parameters, light intensity parameters, and ambient temperature parameters of the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit, and transmits the acquired parameters to the threshold adjustment unit. The detailed composition of the operating condition acquisition submodule and the function of each unit ensure that the acquired parameters are comprehensive and accurate, providing reliable data support for the dynamic threshold adjustment of the threshold adjustment unit, further improving the adaptability of the protection threshold, and avoiding the problem of insufficient protection accuracy due to incomplete parameter acquisition.

[0008] Furthermore, the threshold adjustment unit of the dynamic protection module incorporates a threshold adjustment algorithm. After receiving parameters transmitted from the operating condition acquisition submodule, the threshold adjustment unit calculates a protection threshold adapted to the current operating condition using the threshold adjustment algorithm and transmits this protection threshold to the main control module. The main control module then controls the circuit breaker to update the protection parameters. This clarifies the working mechanism of the threshold adjustment unit, enabling dynamic and precise adjustment of the protection threshold through the built-in algorithm. This allows the protection threshold to adapt to changes in the operating conditions of the photovoltaic circuit in real time, completely solving the problem of false protection and missed protection that easily occur with fixed protection thresholds in existing technologies, and improving the system's protection accuracy.

[0009] Furthermore, the networking sub-module of the collaborative linkage module adopts Bluetooth Mesh networking. The networking sub-module establishes communication connections with other networking sub-modules of the circuit breaker control system through the Bluetooth communication module, realizing the collaborative linkage control of multiple low-voltage photovoltaic circuits. By clearly defining the networking method of the networking sub-module and leveraging the advantages of Bluetooth Mesh networking, seamless linkage of multiple circuit breaker control systems can be achieved without the need for additional gateway deployment, simplifying the networking structure, reducing system costs, and ensuring the stability and reliability of multi-circuit collaborative control, thus preventing fault propagation.

[0010] Furthermore, the fault location unit of the collaborative linkage module incorporates a fault feature analysis algorithm. After receiving fault data transmitted by the dynamic protection module, the fault location unit analyzes the fault type and location using the fault feature analysis algorithm and transmits the fault information to the main control module. The main control module then sends the information to an external terminal via the Bluetooth communication module. This clarifies the working mechanism of the fault location unit, enabling precise fault location and type identification through the built-in algorithm. It also allows for rapid feedback of fault information to the external terminal, significantly shortening fault troubleshooting time, improving operational efficiency, reducing operational costs, and resolving the problem of ambiguous fault location in existing technologies.

[0011] Furthermore, the Bluetooth communication module includes a communication control submodule and a data transmission unit. The communication control submodule is used to establish and maintain the stability of the Bluetooth connection with the external terminal, and the data transmission unit is used to transmit system operation data, fault information, and control commands sent by the main control module and the external terminal. By refining the composition and function of the Bluetooth communication module, the stability of Bluetooth communication and the accuracy of data transmission are ensured, enabling efficient interaction between the external terminal and the main control module. Staff can quickly obtain the system operation status and send control commands through the external terminal, further improving the convenience of operation and maintenance.

[0012] Furthermore, the main control module includes a signal processing submodule and an instruction execution unit. The signal processing submodule is used to receive and parse the signals transmitted by each module, and the instruction execution unit is used to send corresponding control instructions to the circuit breaker body, dynamic protection module, and collaborative linkage module according to the processed signals. This refines the composition and function of the main control module, ensuring that the main control module can quickly and accurately process the signals of each module and send control instructions, guaranteeing the coordinated operation of each module in the system, improving the system's response speed and operational stability, and providing core support for the system's precise protection and coordinated control.

[0013] Furthermore, the circuit breaker body includes an execution submodule and a protection unit. The execution submodule is used to receive control commands from the main control module and execute opening and closing actions. The protection unit is used to realize overload, short circuit, and leakage protection of the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit according to the updated protection threshold. The composition and function of the circuit breaker body are refined, and the collaborative working mechanism between the execution submodule and the protection unit is clarified to ensure that the circuit breaker body can accurately execute control commands and realize reliable protection according to the dynamically adjusted protection threshold, thereby avoiding equipment damage and fault propagation and ensuring the safe operation of the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention adopts a multi-dimensional operating condition acquisition and protection threshold adaptive adjustment mechanism, which can correct protection parameters in real time according to environmental changes such as light and temperature, effectively solving the problem that fixed thresholds are prone to causing false protection or failure to operate, significantly improving the accuracy and operating condition adaptability of photovoltaic circuit protection, and significantly enhancing the system's operational stability.

[0015] 2. This invention achieves multi-loop wireless collaborative operation through Bluetooth Mesh networking, enabling rapid isolation of associated loops in the event of a fault, suppressing fault propagation, and simultaneously achieving load balancing adjustment, thereby improving the overall system safety and power generation efficiency. Relying on multi-feature fusion for precise fault location significantly shortens fault diagnosis time and substantially improves operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0016] 3. This invention integrates dynamic protection, collaborative control, and Bluetooth wireless communication, overcoming the limitations of complex wiring and cumbersome debugging in traditional methods. It enables wireless remote monitoring and parameter adjustment, significantly reducing the difficulty of on-site construction and maintenance. The overall control logic is more intelligent and collaborative, overcoming the shortcomings of the dispersed functions in existing technologies, and has good market application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the control system for a low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the use of a Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system for low-voltage photovoltaic circuits. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figures 1 to 2This invention provides a technical solution: a Bluetooth intelligent circuit breaker control system for low-voltage photovoltaic circuits. The system is mainly applied to distributed low-voltage photovoltaic grid-connected scenarios. Through condition-adaptive dynamic protection and multi-circuit Bluetooth Mesh collaborative linkage, it achieves intelligent protection, fault location, and wireless operation and maintenance of photovoltaic circuits. Existing technologies often suffer from problems such as fixed photovoltaic protection thresholds, independent operation of multiple circuits, coarse fault location, and complex communication wiring. While some published documents mention photovoltaic circuit breaker protection technology, Bluetooth wireless communication technology, and multi-node networking technology, none of them integrate dynamic threshold adjustment with multi-circuit collaborative location in a closed loop, nor do they form an integrated Bluetooth intelligent control system for low-voltage photovoltaic scenarios. This system and method, through a layered modular design, achieves a complete control process including signal acquisition, threshold adaptation, multi-circuit linkage, precise fault location, and Bluetooth wireless interaction.

[0020] This implementation scenario is a low-voltage photovoltaic system on a commercial or industrial rooftop. The system has six independent photovoltaic circuits, each equipped with a smart circuit breaker. The circuits share a common combiner box. During operation, there are conditions such as uneven illumination, local shading, load fluctuations, and mutual interference between circuits.

[0021] I. System Overall Architecture and Initial Implementation: 1.1 System Hardware Architecture Deployment: Step 1: System Hardware Installation and Wiring Connection: To ensure the stable operation of each functional module of the system and to achieve normal interaction between electrical and wireless signals, it is necessary to standardize the installation and electrical connection of the main control module, dynamic protection module, collaborative linkage module, Bluetooth communication module, and circuit breaker body to avoid signal interference, poor contact, and communication failure. Specific technical methods are as follows: The circuit breaker body is installed at the output end of each photovoltaic circuit to perform opening and closing actions. The main control module, dynamic protection module, collaborative linkage module, and Bluetooth communication module are integrated into the same control box, which is fixed near the photovoltaic combiner box. The operating condition acquisition submodule of the dynamic protection module is connected to the photovoltaic circuit through electrical lines. The current acquisition unit is connected in series in the circuit, the voltage acquisition unit is connected in parallel across the circuit, the light acquisition unit is placed in an unobstructed area, and the temperature acquisition unit is placed close to the surface of the photovoltaic module. The networking submodule of the collaborative linkage module and the Bluetooth communication module are connected onboard. The main control module establishes electrical connections with all other modules to realize signal transmission and reception and command issuance. All connection lines use shielded cables to reduce external electromagnetic interference.

[0022] Example: In a six-circuit photovoltaic (PV) scenario, each PV circuit is equipped with a circuit breaker body, and the control box is fixed to the side of the combiner box. The current and voltage acquisition units of the operating condition acquisition submodule are connected to each circuit, respectively. The sunlight acquisition unit is installed in an open location on the roof, and the temperature acquisition unit is mounted on the back panel of the PV module. All modules are connected via shielded cables to form a complete hardware system.

[0023] Existing publicly available technologies mostly employ a general-purpose circuit breaker structure, with the acquisition unit and control unit arranged separately, which is prone to interference and involves cumbersome wiring. The unique technical approach of this solution lies in integrating dynamic protection, collaborative linkage, and Bluetooth communication into a single structure, coupled with shielded wiring and targeted installation locations, which significantly improves the system's anti-interference capability, drastically reduces installation complexity, and greatly enhances system operational stability.

[0024] 1.2 System Initialization Configuration: Step 2 System Parameter Initialization and Module Self-Test: After the system is powered on, initial parameter configuration, module status self-test, and communication link establishment need to be completed to ensure that the system has a stable operating baseline before entering normal operation and to avoid protection malfunctions due to abnormal initial states. Specific technical measures are as follows: After power-on, the main control module starts first, sending self-test commands sequentially to the dynamic protection module, the collaborative linkage module, the Bluetooth communication module, and the circuit breaker body. The dynamic protection module loads the initial protection threshold range, the collaborative linkage module prepares to establish a Bluetooth Mesh network, and the Bluetooth communication module starts broadcasting to wait for external terminal connections. The main control module judges the status feedback from each module, and enters the operating mode after confirming that there are no abnormalities. If a module malfunctions, its status is recorded and an early warning is maintained.

[0025] Example: In a six-circuit scenario, after the system powers on, the main controller completes self-tests sequentially, the dynamic protection module loads initial overload and short-circuit thresholds, the coordination module sets all six circuit breakers as network slave nodes, and the Bluetooth communication module initiates broadcasting. After all modules report normal operation, the system enters real-time monitoring mode, ready to receive operating condition data.

[0026] Common initialization procedures in publicly available documents only complete the self-test of a single circuit breaker and lack the ability for multi-module collaborative self-testing. The unique technical approach of this solution lies in achieving integrated power-on self-testing of multiple modules and Bluetooth Mesh pre-networking preparation, significantly improving system startup efficiency, reducing the difficulty of troubleshooting, and further enhancing system reliability.

[0027] II. Main Control Module Operation Implementation Steps: 2.1 Signal Acquisition and Reception: Step 3: Multi-channel Signal Reception by the Main Control Module: The main control module needs to simultaneously receive multiple signals, including operating condition data, network status, fault information, and external commands, to ensure that the control logic has a complete data foundation. Specific technical methods are as follows: The signal processing submodule of the main control module simultaneously receives operating parameters uploaded by the dynamic protection module, network status and fault information uploaded by the coordination module, and external control commands uploaded by the Bluetooth communication module through a multi-channel interface. The signal processing submodule filters the input signals, removes interference signals, and stores them according to data type to ensure signal authenticity and integrity.

[0028] Example: In a six-loop scenario, the main control module simultaneously receives current and voltage parameters, ambient light and temperature data, Bluetooth Mesh networking status information, and parameter adjustment commands sent by external terminals from the six loops. After filtering, the data is classified and stored in the data buffer.

[0029] Existing publicly available technologies mostly employ single-channel sequential acquisition, resulting in low processing efficiency and a high risk of data loss. The unique approach of this technical solution lies in its use of multi-channel parallel signal reception and real-time filtering processing, which significantly improves data acquisition integrity, reduces signal interference, and further accelerates system response speed.

[0030] 2.2 Signal Analysis and Logic Judgment: Step 4: Signal Analysis and Operating Status Judgment. The acquired signals are analyzed to determine whether the circuit is normal, whether it is close to the protection threshold, and whether there is a risk of fault, providing a basis for subsequent command output. Specific technical methods are as follows: The signal processing submodule analyzes parameters such as current, voltage, light intensity, and temperature, compares real-time operating data with dynamic protection thresholds, and determines whether the circuit is in a normal, warning, or fault state. Simultaneously, it combines the network information from the coordination module to determine the correlation between the faulty circuit and other circuits, forming a comprehensive control logic.

[0031] Example: In a six-circuit scenario, the main control module analyzes that the current of circuit 2 is close to the overload threshold. At the same time, it determines that circuit 2 shares a combiner box with circuits 3 and 4, which poses a risk of fault linkage. Therefore, it generates early warning and linkage preparation logic.

[0032] Publicly available technologies typically only perform simple threshold comparisons for single loops, without considering the impact of multi-loop correlations. The unique approach of this technical solution lies in combining operating parameters with multi-loop correlations for comprehensive judgment, significantly improving the accuracy of condition identification and substantially reducing the false fault rate.

[0033] 2.3 Control Command Generation and Issuance: Step 5: Command Generation and Multi-Module Command Issuance: Based on the status judgment results, corresponding control commands are generated, including threshold adjustment commands, linkage control commands, opening and closing commands, and data upload commands, ensuring that the system executes corresponding protection and linkage actions. Specific technical means are as follows: The main control module's instruction execution unit generates control instructions based on the parsing results, sending protection instructions to the dynamic protection module, linkage instructions to the collaborative linkage module, execution instructions to the circuit breaker body, and data upload instructions to the Bluetooth communication module. The instructions employ a sequential sending and feedback confirmation mechanism to ensure reliable delivery.

[0034] Example: In a six-circuit scenario, the main control module sends an early warning to the circuit breaker of circuit 2, sends a threshold fine-tuning command to the dynamic protection module, sends a related circuit monitoring command to the collaborative linkage module, and uploads status information through the Bluetooth communication module.

[0035] Most publicly available technologies output single instructions and lack the ability to coordinate multi-module instructions. The unique approach of this technical solution lies in achieving multi-target parallel instruction generation and orderly issuance, significantly improving system control coordination and further enhancing instruction execution reliability.

[0036] III. Implementation steps of the dynamic protection module: 3.1 Multi-dimensional Operating Condition Acquisition: Step 6, Operating Condition Acquisition Submodule, Real-time Data Acquisition: To achieve dynamic adjustment of protection thresholds, it is necessary to comprehensively acquire photovoltaic circuit operating parameters and environmental parameters to reflect real-world operating condition changes. Specific technical methods are as follows: The operating condition acquisition submodule collects loop current through the current acquisition unit, loop voltage through the voltage acquisition unit, light intensity through the light acquisition unit, and component and ambient temperature through the temperature acquisition unit. All units collect data at fixed intervals and upload it to the threshold adjustment unit and the main control module.

[0037] Example: In a six-loop scenario, each acquisition unit synchronously acquires the current, voltage, light intensity, and component temperature of the six loops, and the data is uploaded to the threshold adjustment unit in real time.

[0038] Most existing publicly available documents only collect current and voltage data, omitting factors such as light and temperature. The unique feature of this technical solution lies in its simultaneous collection of electrical and environmental parameters, significantly improving the comprehensiveness of operational condition assessment and making threshold adjustment more reliable.

[0039] 3.2 Adaptive Protection Threshold Adjustment: Step 7 Threshold Adjustment Unit Dynamic Threshold Calculation: The photovoltaic circuit is greatly affected by sunlight and temperature. Fixed thresholds are prone to false tripping or failure to trip. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the protection threshold according to real-time operating conditions. Specific technical means are as follows: After receiving operating condition data, the threshold adjustment unit corrects the protection thresholds based on changes in light intensity and temperature. Increased light intensity appropriately raises the overload and short-circuit thresholds, while decreased light intensity lowers the thresholds accordingly. Increased temperature moderately lowers the thresholds to improve protection sensitivity. The adjusted thresholds are synchronized in real-time to the main control module and the circuit breaker body.

[0040] Example: In a six-loop scenario, an increase in light intensity leads to an increase in loop current. The threshold adjustment unit automatically raises the overload threshold of the corresponding loop to avoid false protection caused by normal fluctuations.

[0041] Publicly available technologies generally use fixed protection thresholds, which cannot adapt to the fluctuating characteristics of photovoltaic systems. The unique feature of this technical solution lies in its ability to adaptively adjust the threshold based on multiple environmental parameters, significantly reducing protection malfunctions and greatly improving the accuracy of protection actions.

[0042] 3.3 Fault Detection and Information Reporting: Step 8: Fault Identification and Fault Information Upload: Timely identification of faults such as overload and short circuit, and uploading of information, providing a foundation for multi-circuit linkage and fault location. Specific technical methods are as follows: The dynamic protection module continuously compares real-time parameters with dynamic thresholds. If a parameter exceeds the threshold, it is determined to be a fault. The fault type is identified, the time of the fault occurrence and related operating data are recorded, and the fault information is uploaded to the main control module and the collaborative linkage module.

[0043] Example: In a six-circuit scenario, the current in circuit number two suddenly exceeds the dynamic threshold. The dynamic protection module determines it as a short-circuit fault and uploads the fault number, fault type, and related data.

[0044] Most publicly available technologies only provide local protection and lack the ability to upload fault data in conjunction with other technologies. The unique feature of this technical solution lies in its ability to simultaneously upload multi-dimensional information after fault identification, significantly improving the timeliness of fault handling and substantially reducing the risk of fault propagation.

[0045] IV. Implementation steps of the collaborative linkage module: 4.1 Bluetooth Mesh Multi-Loop Networking: Step 9, the networking submodule establishes a multi-loop linkage network: To achieve data communication and coordinated control between multiple circuit breakers, a stable and reliable wireless networking connection needs to be established. Specific technical methods are as follows: The networking submodule uses one circuit breaker as the network master node and the remaining circuits as slave nodes to establish a Bluetooth Mesh self-organizing network, enabling state sharing, command forwarding, and information exchange between circuits. The networking submodule monitors the node connection status in real time to maintain network stability.

[0046] Example: In a six-loop scenario, loop 1 acts as the master node, and loops 2 through 6 act as slave nodes, establishing a Bluetooth Mesh network to enable real-time communication of the status of the six devices.

[0047] Most publicly available technologies employ wired networking or single-point Bluetooth communication, resulting in poor scalability. The unique feature of this technical solution lies in its use of Bluetooth Mesh to achieve multi-loop wireless self-organizing networking, significantly simplifying system cabling and dramatically improving network stability.

[0048] 4.2 Multi-loop Coordinated Control: Step 10 Fault Linkage and Load Balancing Adjustment: A single loop fault may trigger a chain reaction, requiring coordinated control to disconnect related loops and balance the load to avoid local overload. Specific technical methods are as follows: Upon receiving a fault signal, the coordinated linkage module automatically controls the relevant circuits to perform tripping actions based on circuit relationships to prevent the fault from spreading. Simultaneously, during normal operation, it balances the load of each circuit according to its load condition to avoid overloading any single circuit.

[0049] Example: In a six-circuit scenario, if a short circuit fault occurs in circuit 2, the coordinated linkage module immediately controls the tripping of circuits 3 and 4 associated with it, thereby isolating the fault area.

[0050] Most publicly available technologies offer independent protection and lack active coordination between loops. The unique feature of this technical solution lies in its ability to achieve coordinated control of fault linkage and load balancing, significantly reducing the scope of fault propagation and substantially improving the overall stability of the system.

[0051] 4.3 Precise Fault Location: Step 11 Fault Location Unit Fault Point Analysis: Quickly determine the faulty circuit and fault type, reduce maintenance and troubleshooting time, and improve system recovery efficiency. Specific technical methods are as follows: The fault location unit combines the fault data, current and voltage change characteristics, and circuit correlations uploaded by the dynamic protection module to analyze and determine the fault location and cause, and uploads the location results to the main control module.

[0052] Example: In a six-circuit scenario, the fault location unit determines that the fault point is located in the body of the second circuit based on the characteristics of the sudden current change and voltage drop in the second circuit, thus eliminating the abnormality of the associated circuit.

[0053] Publicly available technologies typically only indicate the faulty circuit without providing detailed fault location. The unique approach of this technical solution lies in combining multi-dimensional data to achieve precise fault location, significantly reducing maintenance and troubleshooting time and dramatically improving fault location accuracy.

[0054] V. Implementation steps of Bluetooth communication module: 5.1 Bluetooth Connection Establishment and Maintenance: Step 12, Communication Control Submodule Establishes External Connection: This enables wireless communication between the control system and external terminals, facilitating remote status monitoring, parameter modification, and control execution. Specific technical methods are as follows: The communication control submodule continuously broadcasts Bluetooth signals, receives connection requests from external terminals, establishes a stable communication link after pairing, and monitors connection quality in real time to ensure stable data transmission.

[0055] Example: In a six-loop scenario, the maintenance terminal establishes a connection with the system via Bluetooth to receive the real-time operating status of the six loops.

[0056] Most of the publicly available technologies adopt local buttons or wired debugging, which are inconvenient to use. The unique technical means of this technical solution is to achieve wireless interaction through Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication, significantly improving the convenience of system debugging and operation and maintenance, and significantly reducing the on-site operation difficulty.

[0057] 5.2 Data bidirectional transmission: The data transmission unit in step 13 performs data interaction: realizing the upload of operation data and fault information and the issuance of control instructions, ensuring the two-way flow of information. The specific technical means are as follows: The data transmission unit packages and uploads the system operation status, fault information, and networking status to an external terminal, and at the same time forwards the parameter adjustment and switching-on / off instructions issued by the external terminal to the main control module.

[0058] Example: In a six-circuit scenario, the system uploads the current, voltage, and fault information of each circuit in real time, and the terminal issues a threshold adjustment instruction, which is then executed by the system.

[0059] Most of the publicly available technologies are for one-way data upload or instruction issuance and do not support efficient two-way interaction. The unique technical means of this technical solution is to achieve stable two-way data transmission, significantly improving the controllability of the system and significantly enhancing the information interaction efficiency.

[0060] VI. Steps executed by the circuit breaker main body: 6.1 Actuator action control: The execution sub-module in step 14 performs the opening and closing actions: performs mechanical actions according to the main control instruction, realizing the on / off control of the circuit and fault protection. The specific technical means are as follows: The execution sub-module receives the main control module instruction, drives the internal actuator to complete the opening or closing action, and feeds back the status signal after the action is completed.

[0061] Example: In a six-circuit scenario, when a fault occurs in the second circuit, the execution sub-module quickly drives the opening to cut off the faulty circuit.

[0062] Most of the publicly available technologies are for simple local execution and do not have a linkage execution logic. The unique technical means of this technical solution is that the execution actions cooperate with the instructions of multiple modules, significantly improving the speed of protection actions and significantly enhancing the reliability of fault cutting.

[0063] 6.2 The protection unit performs dynamic protection: The protection unit in step 15 implements protection according to the dynamic threshold: performs protection based on the real-time adjusted threshold, ensuring that the protection action conforms to the actual working conditions. The specific technical means are as follows: The protection unit receives the updated dynamic protection threshold, monitors the circuit status in real time, triggers protection when the fault condition is met, and cooperates with the execution sub-module to complete the action.

[0064] Example: In a six-loop scenario, the protection unit protects the loops based on the updated threshold to prevent malfunctions caused by changes in lighting.

[0065] The existing technology uses fixed protection thresholds, resulting in poor adaptability. The unique approach of this solution lies in implementing protection execution based on dynamic thresholds, significantly improving protection adaptability and enhancing the rationality of protection actions.

[0066] In summary, this system and method work together to form a complete closed-loop control process: the operating condition acquisition submodule comprehensively collects parameters, the threshold adjustment unit dynamically adjusts the protection threshold based on multiple parameters, the dynamic protection module detects faults in real time and uploads information, the collaborative linkage module realizes multi-circuit collaborative linkage and accurate fault location through Bluetooth Mesh networking, the Bluetooth communication module completes wireless interaction, the main control module coordinates the generation and issuance of instructions, and the circuit breaker body executes protection and switching actions.

[0067] Existing publicly available documents have disclosed photovoltaic circuit protection technology, Bluetooth communication technology, and multi-node networking technology, but none of them have deeply integrated dynamic threshold adjustment with multi-circuit collaborative positioning, nor have they formed an integrated control architecture. Some documents mention threshold-adjustable circuit breakers, but only support manual adjustment and do not have adaptive adjustment capabilities based on light and temperature; some documents mention wireless circuit breakers, but only achieve single-point Bluetooth control and do not support multi-circuit collaborative linkage and accurate fault location.

[0068] The unique technical approach of this solution lies in its organic integration of dynamic protection threshold adjustment and multi-circuit collaborative linkage. It achieves autonomous interaction between circuits through Bluetooth Mesh networking, realizes real-time adaptive protection thresholds based on multi-dimensional operating condition data collection, and achieves precise location through fault feature fusion. The entire system and method possess a level of collaboration, adaptability, and intelligence not found in existing publicly available technologies, significantly improving overall operational reliability, reducing the failure rate, and greatly increasing maintenance efficiency. It is better suited to the complex operating conditions of distributed low-voltage photovoltaic systems.

Claims

1. A low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system, characterized in that: It includes the circuit breaker body, dynamic protection module, collaborative linkage module, Bluetooth communication module, and main control module; The main control module is electrically connected to the circuit breaker body, dynamic protection module, collaborative linkage module and Bluetooth communication module respectively, and is used to receive signals transmitted by each module and send control commands. The dynamic protection module includes an operating condition acquisition submodule and a threshold adjustment unit. The operating condition acquisition submodule is used to collect the operating parameters and environmental parameters of the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit, and the threshold adjustment unit is used to dynamically adjust the protection threshold of the circuit breaker body according to the collected parameters. The collaborative linkage module includes a networking submodule and a fault location unit. The networking submodule is used to realize the collaborative networking of multiple circuit breaker control systems, and the fault location unit is used to accurately locate the fault point based on the fault data transmitted by the dynamic protection module. The Bluetooth communication module uses a Bluetooth BLE module to enable short-range communication between the main control module and external terminals, transmitting system operation data, fault information, and control commands. The main body of the circuit breaker is used to receive control commands from the main control module, execute opening and closing actions, and realize the protection of the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit.

2. The low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The operating condition acquisition submodule of the dynamic protection module includes a current acquisition unit, a voltage acquisition unit, a light intensity acquisition unit, and a temperature acquisition unit. Each unit acquires the current parameters, voltage parameters, light intensity parameters, and ambient temperature parameters of the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit, and transmits the acquired parameters to the threshold adjustment unit.

3. The low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The threshold adjustment unit of the dynamic protection module has a built-in threshold adjustment algorithm. After receiving the parameters transmitted by the operating condition acquisition submodule, the threshold adjustment unit calculates the protection threshold adapted to the current operating condition through the threshold adjustment algorithm and transmits the protection threshold to the main control module, which then controls the circuit breaker body to update the protection parameters.

4. The low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The networking sub-module of the collaborative linkage module adopts Bluetooth Mesh networking. The networking sub-module establishes communication connection with the networking sub-module of other circuit breaker control systems through Bluetooth communication module to realize the collaborative linkage control of multiple low-voltage photovoltaic circuits.

5. The low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The fault location unit of the collaborative linkage module has a built-in fault feature analysis algorithm. After receiving the fault data transmitted by the dynamic protection module, the fault location unit analyzes the fault type and fault location through the fault feature analysis algorithm and transmits the fault information to the main control module, which then sends it to the external terminal through the Bluetooth communication module.

6. The low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The Bluetooth communication module includes a communication control submodule and a data transmission unit. The communication control submodule is used to establish and maintain the stability of the Bluetooth connection with the external terminal, and the data transmission unit is used to transmit system operation data, fault information and control commands sent by the main control module and the external terminal.

7. The low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module includes a signal processing submodule and an instruction execution unit. The signal processing submodule is used to receive and parse the signals transmitted by each module. The instruction execution unit is used to send corresponding control instructions to the circuit breaker body, the dynamic protection module and the coordinated linkage module according to the processed signals.

8. The low-voltage photovoltaic circuit Bluetooth smart circuit breaker control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit breaker body includes an execution submodule and a protection unit. The execution submodule is used to receive control commands from the main control module and perform opening and closing actions. The protection unit is used to realize overload, short circuit and leakage protection of the low-voltage photovoltaic circuit according to the updated protection threshold.

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