A method and system for multi-layer winding configuration of a specific slot number motor

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for configuring multi-layer windings in a motor with a specific number of slots, belonging to the field of motor technology. The method includes: S1, determining the number of conductor layers in the winding based on the number of slots and the number of phases of the motor; S2, constructing a phasor expression for the back EMF of each conductor layer in each slot, and constructing an expression for the back EMF of each phase winding based on the phasor expression for the back EMF of each conductor layer; S3, determining the constraints for winding configuration based on the number of conductor layers, the number of slots, the number of phases, and the expression for the back EMF of each phase winding, and constructing a cost function that considers both the amplitude and phase of the back EMF; S4, using the phase assignment of each conductor layer in each slot as the optimization variable, and based on the cost function, using an optimization algorithm, solving for the conductor phase assignment that minimizes the cost function under the constraints, to obtain the final winding configuration result. This invention solves the technical problem of limited application range of permanent magnet motors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of motor technology, specifically relating to a method and system for configuring multi-layer windings in a motor with a specific number of slots. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of energy transformation and industrial upgrading, electric motors are playing an increasingly important role in production and daily life, making increased power density and reduced size and weight key development trends. Permanent magnet motors use permanent magnets as the excitation source to generate an excitation magnetic field, which interacts with the armature magnetic field generated by the stator windings to form electromagnetic torque output. Compared with other types of motors such as induction motors, permanent magnet motors possess significantly higher power / torque density characteristics, and their control technology is relatively mature, leading to their wide application in numerous fields.

[0003] However, constrained by slot-pole pairings and traditional winding configuration methods, the number of slots in the stator winding is generally limited to an integer multiple of the number of phases. For certain permanent magnet motors with specific structures, such as dual permanent magnet motors or matrix motors based on magnetic field modulation principles, the number of slots is strongly correlated with the number of modulation teeth and the number of permanent magnet pole pairs. Therefore, the limitation on the number of slots restricts the configuration of the number of modulation poles and permanent magnet pole pairs, resulting in discontinuous values ​​for the number of pole pairs. To meet carrier ratio requirements, it is difficult to select suitable switching devices for proper adaptation, greatly limiting the application range of this type of permanent magnet motor. Therefore, innovation in winding configuration methods is needed to release the degree of freedom at the slot-pole pairing level, enabling the configuration of three-phase or multi-phase windings when the number of slots is any integer greater than the number of phases, thereby broadening the application scenarios of special types of permanent magnet motors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for configuring multi-layer windings in a motor with a specific number of slots, solving the technical problem of limited application range of permanent magnet motors.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for configuring a multi-layer winding of a motor with a specific number of slots, comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the number of conductor layers of the winding based on the number of slots and phases of the winding in the motor. S2. Construct the phasor expression of the back EMF of each layer of conductor in each slot, and construct the expression of the back EMF of each phase winding based on the phasor expression of the back EMF of each layer of conductor in each slot. S3. Based on the expressions for the number of conductor layers, the number of slots, the number of phases, and the back EMF of each phase winding, determine the constraints on the winding configuration and construct a cost function that takes into account both the magnitude and phase of the back EMF. S4. Using the phase assignment of each conductor in each slot as the optimization variable, the optimization algorithm is used to solve for the conductor phase assignment that minimizes the cost function under the constraints, and the winding configuration result is obtained.

[0006] Furthermore, the number of conductor layers in the winding is determined by the following formula: ; in, N S This refers to the number of slots in the motor where the windings are placed. k L The number of conductor layers in the winding. k L It is a positive integer; m The number of phases of the winding; k As the first auxiliary variable; Represents a positive integer.

[0007] Furthermore, when determining the number of conductor layers in the winding, a value satisfying... All The smallest positive integer in the value is the number of conductor layers in the winding.

[0008] Furthermore, the back electromotive force phasor expression for each conductor layer is: ; in, For the first X The back electromotive force phasor of the conductor in each slot; Indicates the first X The amplitude of the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer in each slot; Indicates the first X The phase of the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer in each slot relative to the initial reference slot, where the initial reference slot is any slot. X This indicates the slot number of each slot relative to the initial reference slot.

[0009] Furthermore, the expression for the back electromotive force of each phase winding is as follows: ; in, E z Indicates the first z Back EMF of phase winding, | E z | indicates the first z The back EMF amplitude of the phase winding, Indicates the first z The back EMF phase of the phase winding, zj Indicates the first z The first phase winding j The slot number of the slot where each conductor is located relative to the initial reference slot. E slot-zj Indicates the first zThe first phase winding j The back electromotive force phasor of a conductor, zX Indicates the first z The number of conductors corresponding to a phase winding.

[0010] Furthermore, the constraints include: The number of conductors in each phase is equal, and is 1 / 3 of the product of the number of conductor layers and the number of slots in the winding. m , m The number of phases of the winding; The number of conductors in each phase is even; The difference between the back EMF amplitude of each phase and its theoretical maximum back EMF amplitude is less than the preset back EMF amplitude deviation, and the difference between the back EMF phases of each phase is less than the preset deviation factor.

[0011] Furthermore, the expressions for the constraints include: ; ; in, ; in, zX Indicates the first z The number of conductors corresponding to a phase winding z For positive integers, ∈ [1, m ], m The number of phases of the winding; N S This refers to the number of slots in the motor where the windings are placed. k L This refers to the number of conductor layers in the winding. The second auxiliary variable is a positive even number; | E z | indicates the first z The back EMF amplitude of the phase winding; Indicates the first X The magnitude of the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer in the slot; k Ez Indicates the first z The degree of deviation in the back electromotive force amplitude of the phase winding; k E This is the deviation factor of the back EMF amplitude of each phase winding; Indicates the first z Phase of the back electromotive force of the phase winding; Indicates the first z The back EMF phase of the +1 phase winding, when When z=m No. z +1 phase winding is phase 1 winding; k φ（z,z+1） Indicates the first z Phase winding back EMF and the first zThe deviation factor of the phase difference of the back EMF of the +1 phase winding; k φ This is the deviation factor for the phase difference of the back EMF of each phase winding; The coefficient for calculating the back EMF phase difference; π Pi; k mm For auxiliary parameters; N It is a natural number.

[0012] Furthermore, the expression for the cost function is: ; in, ; Cost Represents the cost function, W phase The weights representing the phase of the back electromotive force. W amplitude The weights representing the magnitude of the back electromotive force. E phase The error function representing the phase of the back electromotive force. E amplitude The error function representing the magnitude of the back electromotive force. m The number of phases of the winding. π Pi The phase difference of the back EMF of adjacent phase windings. ei , ej and ph All of these represent the phase number. The coefficients for calculating the back electromotive force phase difference are... For the first ph The back EMF amplitude of the phase winding; E target This represents the set target value for the back EMF amplitude. k mm As auxiliary parameters, N It is a natural number.

[0013] Furthermore, the optimization algorithm is at least one of the following: genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, and simulated annealing algorithm.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multi-layer winding configuration system for a motor with a specific number of slots, comprising: The parameter input module is used to input the number of slots and the number of phases of the windings in the motor. The calculation module is used to determine the number of conductor layers of the winding based on the number of slots and the number of phases of the winding in the motor. The back EMF modeling module is used to construct the back EMF phasor expression for each conductor layer in each slot based on the number of conductor layers in the winding, and to construct the expression for the back EMF of each phase winding based on the back EMF phasor expression for each conductor layer in each slot. The optimization solution module is used to determine the constraints of the winding configuration based on the number of conductor layers, the number of slots, the number of phases, and the expression of the back EMF of each phase winding, and to construct a cost function that takes into account both the magnitude and phase of the back EMF. It is also used to use the phase assignment of each conductor in each slot as the optimization variable, and based on the cost function, to use the optimization algorithm to find the conductor phase assignment that minimizes the cost function under the constraints. The output module is used to output the winding configuration results based on the conductor phase assignment.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects: This invention provides a method for configuring multi-layer windings in a motor with a specific number of slots. It treats the back EMF phasor of each conductor layer within each slot as an independent variable, using the amplitude and phase of each back EMF reflecting asymmetry as constraints. Ultimately, the winding arrangement is transformed into an optimization problem under specific constraints. On one hand, this method avoids the calculation process of intermediate variables such as winding span in traditional winding configuration methods, simplifying the winding configuration. On the other hand, this method enables the configuration of three-phase or multi-phase windings whenever the number of slots is an integer greater than the number of phases. This liberates the motor's freedom in slot-pole matching, improves the electromagnetic performance of permanent magnet motors, and expands the application range of special types of motors such as matrix motors. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for configuring a multi-layer winding of a motor with a specific number of slots according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stator-rotor dual three-phase matrix permanent magnet motor of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which the number of rotor slots is an odd number greater than the number of phases of the windings. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor winding arrangement of a stator-rotor dual three-phase matrix permanent magnet motor with an odd number of rotor slots greater than the number of phases in the winding, according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of the back EMF of the rotor winding of a stator-rotor dual three-phase matrix permanent magnet motor with an odd number of rotor slots greater than the number of phases in the winding, according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stator-rotor dual three-phase matrix permanent magnet motor with an even number of stator slots greater than the number of phases in the windings, according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the stator winding arrangement of a stator-rotor double three-phase matrix permanent magnet motor with an even number of stator slots greater than the number of phases in the winding, according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a waveform diagram of the back EMF of the stator winding of a stator-rotor dual three-phase matrix permanent magnet motor with an even number of stator slots greater than the number of phases of the winding, according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a structural block diagram of a multi-layer winding configuration system for a motor with a specific number of slots, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] In the attached diagram: 1-Stator yoke; 2-Stator tooth; 3-Stator slot; 4-Stator conductor; 5-Stator permanent magnet; 6-Rotor yoke; 7-Rotor tooth; 8-Rotor slot; 9-Rotor conductor; 10-Rotor permanent magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them.

[0019] The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the following figures is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate one selected embodiment of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the figures and embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 A method for configuring multi-layer windings of a motor with a specific number of slots, wherein the specific number of slots refers to any integer greater than the number of phases of the winding.

[0022] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment describes the winding configuration method of a permanent magnet motor (hereinafter referred to as the motor) with an odd number of rotor slots greater than the number of winding phases, using a stator-rotor dual three-phase matrix permanent magnet motor.

[0023] The motor consists of a stator and a rotor, which are mounted coaxially. The stator is sleeved on the outside of the rotor, and an air gap is provided between the stator and the rotor.

[0024] The stator includes a stator core, stator windings, and stator permanent magnets 5. The stator core includes a stator yoke 1 and stator teeth 2.

[0025] Multiple stator teeth 2 are uniformly fixed circumferentially on the inner wall of the stator yoke 1, and stator slots 3 are formed between adjacent stator teeth 2. Stator conductors 4 are placed in the stator slots 3 in a single layer, and the number of stator conductors 4 is equal to the number of stator slots 3. The stator winding is formed by connecting the stator conductors 4.

[0026] The stator permanent magnet 5 is magnetized radially outwards and employs a Halbach structure. The stator permanent magnet 5 is placed in the slot opening of the stator slot 3. The rotor includes a rotor core, rotor windings, and rotor permanent magnet 10.

[0027] The rotor core includes a rotor yoke 6 and rotor teeth 7.

[0028] Multiple rotor teeth 7 are uniformly fixed circumferentially on the outer wall of the rotor yoke 6, and rotor slots 8 are formed between adjacent rotor teeth 7. Rotor conductors 9 are placed in two layers in the rotor slots 8, and the number of rotor conductors 9 is equal to twice the number of rotor slots 8. The rotor winding is formed by connecting rotor conductors 9.

[0029] The rotor permanent magnet 10 is magnetized radially outwards and adopts a Halbach structure. The rotor permanent magnet 10 is placed in the slot opening of the rotor slot 8.

[0030] The motor has 3 phases in both the stator and rotor windings, 3 pole pairs in both the stator and rotor windings, 18 stator slots, and 15 rotor slots.

[0031] For the stator side, the 18-slot, three-pole winding is a conventional three-phase symmetrical structure.

[0032] For the rotor side, the fifteen rotor slots 8 cannot be configured into a three-phase symmetrical winding with three pole pairs using conventional winding configuration methods. Therefore, the following winding configuration method is used to configure the rotor windings. Since this embodiment focuses on configuring the rotor windings, in the following text, "slot number" refers to the number of rotor slots 8, "slot" refers to the rotor slot 8, "winding" refers to the rotor winding, "number of phases" refers to the number of phases of the rotor winding, "number of pole pairs" refers to the number of pole pairs of the rotor winding, and "conductor" refers to the rotor conductor 9. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The fifteen rotor slots are numbered sequentially as follows: R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, and R15.

[0033] The number of slots, 15, is an integer greater than the number of phases, 3, in the winding. The winding configuration method includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the number of conductor layers in the winding based on the number of slots and phases of the winding in the motor. The relationship between the number of slots, the number of phases, and the number of conductor layers must satisfy the following: (1) In the formula, N S This refers to the number of slots in the motor where the windings are placed. k LThe number of conductor layers in the winding. k L It is a positive integer; m The number of phases of the winding; k As the first auxiliary variable, its function is to ensure that the result calculated on the left side of the expression is a positive integer; Represents a positive integer.

[0034] Therefore, the number of conductor layers in the winding can be: (2) It can be seen that the number of conductor layers in the winding can be 2, 4, ... To minimize the calculation in subsequent steps and make the winding arrangement as simple as possible, the minimum number of conductor layers in the winding is taken as 2.

[0035] Step 2: Define the back EMF phasor for each layer of conductors in each slot (one conductor per layer in the same slot), and give the calculation expression for the back EMF of each phase winding.

[0036] Since the slots where the windings are placed are uniformly arranged along the circumference, the back EMF phasor of each conductor in the same slot is the same. The back EMF phasor of the conductor in the Xth slot is... It can be represented as: (3) In the formula, Indicates the first X The amplitude of the back EMF phasor of each conductor layer in the slot is equal to the amplitude of the back EMF phasor of each conductor layer in each slot. Recorded as Y , Indicates the first X The phase of the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer within a slot relative to the initial reference slot, where the initial reference slot is any slot. X This indicates the slot number of each slot relative to the initial reference slot, where the slot number of the initial reference slot is 1.

[0037] The phase of the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer in each slot relative to the initial reference slot can be expressed as: (4) in: ; In the formula, θ slot The slot spacing angle, p a This represents the number of pole pairs in the winding.

[0038] According to formula (3), the calculation expression for the back EMF of each phase winding is as follows: (5) In the formula, EU , E V , E W They represent U, V, W Back electromotive force of the three-phase winding, | E U |、| E V |、| E W | respectively represent U, V, W Back EMF amplitude of three-phase windings φ U , φ V , φ W They represent U, V, W The back EMF phase of the three-phase winding Uj express U The first phase winding j The slot number of the slot where each conductor is located relative to the initial reference slot. Vj express V The first phase winding j The slot number of the slot where each conductor is located relative to the initial reference slot. Wj express W The first phase winding j The slot number of the slot where each conductor is located relative to the initial reference slot. Uj, Vj, Wj All belong to X, E slot-Uj express U The first phase winding j The back electromotive force phasor of a conductor, E slot-Vj express V The first phase winding j The back electromotive force phasor of a conductor, E slot-Wj express W The first phase winding j The back electromotive force phasor of a conductor, UX , VX , WX respectively express U Phase winding, V Phase winding, W The number of conductors corresponding to a phase winding.

[0039] Step 3: Determine the constraints and provide the expression for calculating the cost function.

[0040] The constraints are as follows: (1) The number of conductors in each of the three phase windings is equal, and is 1 / 3 of the total number of conductors in the windings. m .

[0041] (2) The number of conductors in each of the three-phase windings is even.

[0042] The expressions for the two constraints mentioned above are: (6) in, As the second auxiliary variable, its function is to indicate that the result calculated on the left side of the expression is a positive even number; (3) At the same time, because the back electromotive force amplitudes of the three-phase windings cannot be completely equal and the phase difference cannot be completely 2, π / 3, it is necessary to define the maximum deviation of the maximum back EMF amplitude and the maximum deviation of the back EMF phase constraints. The mathematical expressions are: (7) in, ; In the formula, k EU express U The degree of deviation in the back electromotive force amplitude of the phase winding; k EV express V The degree of deviation in the back electromotive force amplitude of the phase winding; k EW express W The degree of deviation in the back electromotive force amplitude of the phase winding; k E This is the deviation factor for the back EMF amplitude of the three-phase winding; The calculation coefficient representing the phase difference of the back EMF; used to characterize the asymmetry of the back EMF amplitude of the three-phase winding, constraining the back EMF amplitude of the three-phase winding to the theoretical maximum value of each phase winding, that is, the back EMF amplitude generated by the full-pitch concentrated winding. Y · N S k L / m The maximum deviation is set at 15% in this embodiment; k φUV express U Phase winding back EMF and V The degree of deviation of the phase difference of the back electromotive force of the phase winding; k φVW express V Phase winding back EMF and W The degree of deviation of the phase difference of the back electromotive force of the phase winding; k φWU express W Phase winding back EMF and U The degree of deviation of the phase difference of the back electromotive force of the phase winding; k φThis is the deviation factor of the phase difference of the three-phase winding back EMF, used to characterize the asymmetry of the three-phase winding back EMF phase, and constrains the maximum deviation of the three-phase winding back EMF phase difference from 2π / 3. In this embodiment, it is taken as 5%; π is pi. N S k L / m 10; k mm For auxiliary parameters; N It is a natural number.

[0043] The cost function needs to consider both the magnitude and phase objectives. The expression for the cost function is: (8) In the formula, Cost Represents the cost function, W phase Weights representing the phase of the back electromotive force W amplitude The weights representing the magnitude of the back electromotive force. E phase The error function representing the phase of the back electromotive force. E amplitude The error function representing the magnitude of the back electromotive force. The back electromotive force amplitude of the ph-th phase winding; E target This represents the set target value for the back EMF amplitude. The phase difference of the back electromotive force of adjacent phase windings; ei , ej and ph All of these represent the phase number.

[0044] Step 4: Combining optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms, under the above constraints, the phase assignment of each conductor in each slot is used as the optimization variable to obtain the conductor phase assignment that minimizes the cost function.

[0045] Combining optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and simulated annealing, the above cost function and constraints are written as an optimization program to obtain the phase assignment of each conductor, that is, the correspondence between the conductors in each slot and each phase, i.e.: belong U The phase conductors are: the first conductor of rotor slot R2, the second conductor of rotor slot R3, the first and second conductors of rotor slot R5, the first conductor of rotor slot R7, the second conductor of rotor slot R10, the first and second conductors of rotor slot R12, the first conductor of rotor slot R14, and the second conductor of rotor slot R15.

[0046] belong VThe phase conductors are: the first conductor of rotor slot R1, the second conductor of rotor slot R2, the first and second conductors of rotor slot R4, the first conductor of rotor slot R6, the second conductor of rotor slot R7, the first and second conductors of rotor slot R9, the first conductor of rotor slot R11, and the second conductor of rotor slot R14.

[0047] belong W The phase conductors are: the second conductor of rotor slot R1, the first conductor of rotor slot R3, the second conductor of rotor slot R6, the first and second conductors of rotor slot R8, the first conductor of rotor slot R10, the second conductor of rotor slot R11, the first and second conductors of rotor slot R13, and the first conductor of rotor slot R15.

[0048] The optimization algorithm outputs the slot number. Since there are two conductors in each rotor slot, any conductor in each rotor slot is acceptable, but each conductor belongs to only one phase. For a clearer description, the conductor in each rotor slot closest to rotor yoke 6 is recorded as the first conductor.

[0049] This yields a winding arrangement that satisfies the constraints, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0050] Figure 3 The number in the text is the slot number of rotor slot 8. U +、 V +、 W + represent the rotor windings. U Mutually, V Mutually, W Phase winding input, U -、 V -、 W -respectively, rotor windings U Mutually, V Mutually, W Phase winding outputs.

[0051] U The phase windings are sequentially introduced from rotor slot R15, then led out from rotor slot R2, then from rotor slot R14, then from rotor slot R12, then from rotor slot R10, then from rotor slot R12, then from rotor slot R5, then from rotor slot R7, and finally from rotor slot R5 and then from rotor slot R3. Similarly, V The phase winding is introduced from rotor slot R1, taken out from rotor slot R14, then introduced from rotor slot R11, taken out from rotor slot R9, then introduced from rotor slot R7, taken out from rotor slot R9, then introduced from rotor slot R6, taken out from rotor slot R4, and finally introduced from rotor slot R2, taken out from rotor slot R4.W The phase winding is introduced from rotor slot R13, taken out from rotor slot R15, then introduced from rotor slot R13, taken out from rotor slot R11, then introduced from rotor slot R8, taken out from rotor slot R10, then introduced from rotor slot R8, taken out from rotor slot R6, and finally introduced from rotor slot R3 and taken out from rotor slot R1.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the stator-rotor dual three-phase matrix motor using the winding configuration method provided by this invention has three back EMF amplitudes of the rotor windings of 13.72V, 13.30V, and 13.72V, respectively. The back EMF amplitude generated by the full-pitch concentrated winding, calculated according to the simulation settings, is... Y · N S k L / m The voltage is 15.14V, with a maximum deviation of 12.15%, which is less than the 15% deviation factor; the phase difference between the back EMF of the U-phase winding and the V-phase winding is 122.76°, the phase difference between the back EMF of the V-phase winding and the W-phase winding is 122.03°, and the phase difference between the back EMF of the W-phase winding and the U-phase winding is 115.21°, with a maximum deviation of 3.99%, which is less than the 5% deviation factor.

[0053] Example 2 Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 This embodiment describes the winding configuration method of a permanent magnet motor (hereinafter referred to as the motor) with an even number of stator slots greater than the number of phases in the windings, using a stator-rotor dual three-phase matrix permanent magnet motor.

[0054] The motor consists of a stator and a rotor, which are mounted coaxially. The stator is sleeved on the outside of the rotor, and an air gap is provided between the stator and the rotor.

[0055] The stator includes a stator core, stator windings, and stator permanent magnets 5. The stator core includes a stator yoke 1 and stator teeth 2.

[0056] Multiple stator teeth 2 are uniformly fixed circumferentially on the inner wall of the stator yoke 1, and stator slots 3 are formed between adjacent stator teeth 2. Stator conductors 4 are placed in three layers in the stator slots 3, and the number of stator conductors 4 is three times the number of stator slots 3. The stator winding is formed by connecting stator conductors 4.

[0057] The stator permanent magnet 5 is magnetized radially outwards and employs a Halbach structure. The stator permanent magnet 5 is placed in the slot opening of the stator slot 3.

[0058] The rotor includes a rotor core, rotor windings, and rotor permanent magnets 10.

[0059] The rotor core includes a rotor yoke 6 and rotor teeth 7.

[0060] Multiple rotor teeth 7 are uniformly fixed circumferentially on the outer wall of the rotor yoke 6, and rotor slots 8 are formed between adjacent rotor teeth 7. Rotor conductors 9 are placed in two layers in the rotor slots 8, and the number of rotor conductors 9 is equal to twice the number of rotor slots 8. The rotor winding is formed by connecting rotor conductors 9.

[0061] The rotor permanent magnet 10 is magnetized radially outwards and adopts a Halbach structure. The rotor permanent magnet 10 is placed in the slot opening of the rotor slot 8.

[0062] The motor has 3 phases in both the stator and rotor windings, 2 pole pairs in both the stator and rotor windings, 10 stator slots, and 12 rotor slots.

[0063] For the rotor side, the twelve-slot two-pole winding is a conventional three-phase symmetrical structure.

[0064] For the stator side, the ten stator slots 3 cannot be configured into a three-phase symmetrical winding with two pole pairs using conventional winding configuration methods. Therefore, the following winding configuration method is used to configure the stator-side windings. Since this embodiment focuses on configuring the stator windings, in the following text, "slot number" refers to the number of sub-slots 3, "slot" refers to a sub-slot 3, "winding" refers to a sub-winding, "number of phases of winding" refers to the number of phases of the sub-winding, "number of pole pairs of winding" refers to the number of pole pairs of the sub-winding, and "conductor" refers to the sub-conductor 4. (Refer to...) Figure 6 The ten stator slots are numbered sequentially as follows: S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, and S10.

[0065] The winding configuration method includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the number of conductor layers in the winding based on the number of slots and phases of the winding in the motor. The relationship between the number of slots, the number of phases, and the number of conductor layers must satisfy the following: (9) Therefore, the number of conductor layers in the winding can be: (10) It can be seen that the number of conductor layers in the winding can be 3, 6, ... To minimize the calculation in subsequent steps and make the winding arrangement as simple as possible, the minimum number of conductor layers in the winding is taken as 3.

[0066] Step 2: Define the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer in each slot, and give the calculation expression for each back electromotive force.

[0067] Since the slots where the windings are placed are uniformly arranged along the circumference, the back EMF phasor of each conductor in the same slot is the same. The back EMF phasor of the conductor in the Xth slot is... It can be represented as: (11) The phase of the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer in each slot relative to the initial reference slot It can be represented as: (12) in: ; According to formula (12), the calculation expression for each opposite potential is as follows: (13) In the formula, E A , E B , E C These represent the back electromotive forces of the three-phase windings A, B, and C, respectively. E A |、| E B |、| E C | represent the back EMF amplitudes of the three-phase windings A, B, and C, respectively. φ A , φ B , φ C These represent the back EMF phases of the three-phase windings A, B, and C, respectively. Aj This indicates the slot number of the j-th conductor of phase A winding relative to the initial reference slot. Bj This indicates the slot number of the j-th conductor of the B-phase winding relative to the initial reference slot. Cj Indicates the first phase of the C-phase winding j The slot number of the slot where each conductor is located relative to the initial reference slot. Aj, Bj, Cj All belong to X, E slot-Aj Indicates the first phase of winding A j The back electromotive force phasor of a conductor, E slot-Bj Indicates the first phase of the B-phase winding j The back electromotive force phasor of a conductor, E slot-Cj Indicates the first phase of the C-phase winding j The back electromotive force phasor of a conductor, AX , BX , CXThese represent the number of conductors corresponding to phase A winding, phase B winding, and phase C winding, respectively.

[0068] Step 3: Determine the constraints and provide the expression for calculating the cost function.

[0069] The constraints are as follows: (1) The number of conductors in each of the three phase windings is equal, and is 1 / 3 of the total number of conductors in the windings. m .

[0070] (2) The number of conductors in each of the three-phase windings is even.

[0071] The expressions for the two constraints mentioned above are: (14) (3) Simultaneously, since the back EMF amplitudes of the three-phase windings cannot be completely equal and the phase difference cannot be exactly 2π / 3, it is necessary to define the maximum deviation of the maximum back EMF amplitude and the maximum deviation of the back EMF phase. Its mathematical expression is: (15) in, ; In the formula, k EA This indicates the degree of deviation in the back EMF amplitude of phase A winding; k EB This indicates the degree of deviation in the back EMF amplitude of the B-phase winding; k EC This indicates the degree of deviation in the back EMF amplitude of the C-phase winding; k E It is a deviation factor for the back EMF amplitude of the three-phase winding, used to characterize the asymmetry of the back EMF amplitude of the three-phase winding, and constrains the back EMF amplitude of the three-phase winding from the theoretical maximum value of each phase winding, that is, the back EMF amplitude generated by the full-pitch concentrated winding. Y · N S k L / m The maximum deviation is set at 15% in this embodiment; k φAB This indicates the degree of deviation between the phase difference between the back EMF of phase A winding and the back EMF of phase B winding; k φBC This indicates the degree of deviation between the phase difference between the back EMF of phase B winding and the back EMF of phase C winding; k φCA This indicates the degree of deviation between the phase difference between the back EMF of phase C winding and the back EMF of phase A winding; k φThis is a deviation factor for the phase difference of the three-phase winding back EMF, used to characterize the asymmetry of the three-phase winding back EMF phase, and constrains the maximum deviation of the three-phase winding back EMF phase difference from 2π / 3. In this embodiment, it is taken as 5%. N S k L / m 10 。

[0072] The cost function needs to consider both the magnitude and phase objectives, and its calculation expression is as follows: (16) Step 4: Combining optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms, under the above constraints, the phase assignment of each conductor in each slot is used as the optimization variable to obtain the conductor phase assignment that minimizes the cost function.

[0073] Combining optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and simulated annealing, the above optimization objective and constraints are written as an optimization program to obtain the phase assignment of each conductor, that is, the correspondence between the conductors in each slot and each phase, i.e.: The conductors belonging to phase A are: the first, second, and third conductors of stator slot S3; the first, second, and third conductors of stator slot S5; the third conductor of stator slot S6; the first conductor of stator slot S7; the first conductor of stator slot S8; and the third conductor of stator slot S10.

[0074] The conductors belonging to phase B are: the first, second, and third conductors of stator slot S2; the first, second, and third conductors of stator slot S4; the second and third conductors of stator slot S7; and the first and second conductors of stator slot S10.

[0075] The conductors belonging to phase C are: the first, second, and third conductors of stator slot S1; the first and second conductors of stator slot S6; the second and third conductors of stator slot S8; and the first, second, and third conductors of stator slot S9.

[0076] The optimization algorithm outputs the slot number. Since there are three conductors in each stator slot 3, any one of the conductors in each stator slot 3 can be used. However, each conductor belongs to only one phase. For a clearer description, the first conductor in the counterclockwise direction in each stator slot 3 is recorded as the first conductor.

[0077] This yields a winding arrangement that satisfies the constraints, such as... Figure 6 .

[0078] Figure 6The numbers in the diagram represent the stator slot 3 number. A+, B+, and C+ are the stator winding input lines for phases A, B, and C, respectively, while A-, B-, and C- are the stator winding output lines for phases A, B, and C, respectively.

[0079] Phase A winding is introduced from stator slot S3 and exited from stator slot S5, repeating three layers between stator slots S3 and S5. It then enters from stator slot S7, exits from stator slot S6, and finally enters from stator slot S8 and exits from stator slot S10. Similarly, phase B winding is introduced from stator slot S4 and exited from stator slot S2, repeating three layers between stator slots S4 and S2. It then enters from stator slot S10, exits from stator slot S7, repeats two layers between stator slots S10 and S7, and finally exits from stator slot S7. Similarly, the C-phase winding is introduced from stator slot S1 and taken out from stator slot S9, repeating three layers in stator slots S1 and S9, then introduced from stator slot S6 and taken out from stator slot S8, repeating two layers in stator slots S6 and S8, and finally taken out from stator slot S8.

[0080] like Figure 7 As shown, the stator double three-phase matrix motor using the winding configuration method proposed in this invention has stator winding back EMF amplitudes of 15.52V, 16.02V, and 16.02V, respectively. The back EMF amplitude generated by the full-pitch concentrated winding, calculated according to simulation settings, is... Y · N S k L / m The voltage is 17.68V, with a maximum deviation of 12.22%, which is less than the 15% deviation factor; the phase difference between the back EMF of phase A winding and phase B winding is 122.90°, the phase difference between the back EMF of phase B winding and phase C winding is 115.24°, and the phase difference between the back EMF of phase C winding and phase A winding is 121.86°, with a maximum deviation of 3.97%, which is less than the 5% deviation factor.

[0081] Example 3 Reference Figure 8 This embodiment provides a multi-layer winding configuration system for a motor with a specific number of slots, including: The parameter input module is used to input the number of slots and the number of phases of the windings in the motor. The calculation module is used to determine the number of conductor layers of the winding based on the number of slots and the number of phases of the winding in the motor. The back EMF modeling module is used to construct the back EMF phasor expression for each conductor layer in each slot based on the number of conductor layers in the winding, and to construct the expression for the back EMF of each phase winding based on the back EMF phasor expression for each conductor layer in each slot. The optimization solution module is used to determine the constraints of the winding configuration based on the number of conductor layers, the number of slots, the number of phases, and the expression of the back EMF of each phase winding, and to construct a cost function that takes into account both the magnitude and phase of the back EMF. It is also used to use the phase assignment of each conductor in each slot as the optimization variable, and based on the cost function, to use the optimization algorithm to find the conductor phase assignment that minimizes the cost function under the constraints. The output module is used to output the winding configuration results based on the conductor phase assignment.

[0082] All relevant content of each step involved in the aforementioned embodiment of a multi-layer winding configuration method for a motor with a specific number of slots can be referenced to the functional description of the corresponding functional module of the multi-layer winding configuration system for a motor with a specific number of slots in the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for configuring multi-layer windings in a motor with a specific number of slots, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the number of conductor layers of the winding based on the number of slots and phases of the winding in the motor; S2. Construct the phasor expression of the back EMF of each layer of conductor in each slot, and construct the expression of the back EMF of each phase winding based on the phasor expression of the back EMF of each layer of conductor in each slot. S3. Based on the number of conductor layers, the number of slots, the number of phases, and the expression for the back EMF of each phase winding, determine the constraints of the winding configuration and construct a cost function that takes into account both the magnitude and phase of the back EMF. S4. Using the phase assignment of each conductor in each slot as the optimization variable, and employing the optimization algorithm, solve for the conductor phase assignment that minimizes the cost function under the constraints, and obtain the winding configuration result.

2. The method for configuring a multi-layer winding of a motor with a specific number of slots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of conductor layers in the winding is determined by the following formula: ； in, N S This refers to the number of slots in the motor where the windings are placed. k L The number of conductor layers in the winding. k L It is a positive integer; m The number of phases of the winding; k As the first auxiliary variable; Represents a positive integer.

3. The method for configuring a multi-layer winding of a motor with a specific number of slots according to claim 2, characterized in that, When determining the number of conductor layers in the winding, take the value that satisfies All The smallest positive integer in the value is the number of conductor layers in the winding.

4. The method for configuring a multi-layer winding of a motor with a specific number of slots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The back electromotive force phasor expression for each conductor layer is: ； in, For the first X The back electromotive force phasor of the conductor in each slot; Indicates the first X The amplitude of the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer in each slot; Indicates the first X The phase of the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer in each slot relative to the initial reference slot, where the initial reference slot is any slot. X This indicates the slot number of each slot relative to the initial reference slot.

5. The method for configuring a multi-layer winding of a motor with a specific number of slots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for the back electromotive force of each phase winding is: ； in, E z Indicates the first z Back EMF of phase winding, | E z | indicates the first z The back EMF amplitude of the phase winding, Indicates the first z The back EMF phase of the phase winding, zj Indicates the first z The first phase winding j The slot number of the slot where each conductor is located relative to the initial reference slot. E slot-zj Indicates the first z The first phase winding j The back electromotive force phasor of a conductor, zX Indicates the first z The number of conductors corresponding to a phase winding.

6. The method for configuring a multi-layer winding of a motor with a specific number of slots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraints include: The number of conductors in each phase is equal, and is 1 / 3 of the product of the number of conductor layers and the number of slots in the winding. m , m The number of phases of the winding; The number of conductors in each phase is even; The difference between the back EMF amplitude of each phase and its theoretical maximum back EMF amplitude is less than the preset back EMF amplitude deviation, and the difference between the back EMF phases of each phase is less than the preset deviation factor.

7. The method for configuring a multi-layer winding of a motor with a specific number of slots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expressions for the constraints include: ； ； in, ; in, zX Indicates the first z The number of conductors corresponding to the phase winding, z It is a positive integer, ∈ [1, m ], m The number of phases of the winding; N S This refers to the number of slots in the motor where the windings are placed. k L This refers to the number of conductor layers in the winding. The second auxiliary variable is a positive even number; | E z | indicates the first z The back EMF amplitude of the phase winding; Indicates the first X The magnitude of the back electromotive force phasor of each conductor layer in the slot; k Ez Indicates the first z The degree of deviation in the back electromotive force amplitude of the phase winding; k E This is the deviation factor of the back EMF amplitude of each phase winding; Indicates the first z Phase of the back electromotive force of the phase winding; Indicates the first z The back EMF phase of the +1 phase winding, when When z=m No. z +1 phase winding is phase 1 winding; k φ（z,z+1） Indicates the first z Phase winding back EMF and the first z The deviation factor of the phase difference of the back EMF of the +1 phase winding; k φ This is the deviation factor for the phase difference of the back EMF of each phase winding; The coefficient for calculating the back EMF phase difference; π Pi; k mm For auxiliary parameters; N It is a natural number.

8. The method for configuring a multi-layer winding of a motor with a specific number of slots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for the cost function is: ； in, ; Cost Represents the cost function, W phase The weights representing the phase of the back electromotive force. W amplitude The weights representing the magnitude of the back electromotive force. E phase The error function representing the phase of the back electromotive force. E amplitude The error function representing the magnitude of the back electromotive force. m The number of phases of the winding. π Pi The phase difference of the back electromotive force between adjacent phase windings. ei , ej and ph All of these represent the phase number. The coefficients for calculating the back electromotive force phase difference are... For the first ph The back EMF amplitude of the phase winding; E target This indicates the target value set for the back EMF amplitude. k mm As auxiliary parameters, N It is a natural number.

9. A method for configuring multi-layer windings of a motor with a specific number of slots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimization algorithm is at least one of the following: genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, and simulated annealing algorithm.

10. A multi-layer winding configuration system for a motor with a specific number of slots, characterized in that, include: The parameter input module is used to input the number of slots and the number of phases of the windings in the motor. The calculation module is used to determine the number of conductor layers of the winding based on the number of slots and the number of phases of the winding in the motor. The back EMF modeling module is used to construct the back EMF phasor expression for each conductor layer in each slot based on the number of conductor layers in the winding, and to construct the expression for the back EMF of each phase winding based on the back EMF phasor expression for each conductor layer in each slot. The optimization solution module is used to determine the constraints of the winding configuration based on the number of conductor layers, the number of slots, the number of phases, and the expression of the back EMF of each phase winding, and to construct a cost function that takes into account both the magnitude and phase of the back EMF; and to use the phase assignment of each conductor in each slot as the optimization variable, and based on the cost function, to use an optimization algorithm to solve for the conductor phase assignment that minimizes the cost function under the constraints. The output module is used to output the winding configuration results based on the conductor phase assignment.

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