A method for fermenting low temperature chicken manure

Abstract

The application discloses a method for fermenting low-temperature chicken manure. In view of the problem that the prior art cannot efficiently and continuously ferment high-moisture fresh chicken manure in the cold season (environmental temperature <= 0 DEG C), the application provides a dynamic fermentation method based on biological heat self-circulation, which comprises the following steps: when the environmental temperature is greater than or equal to 5 DEG C, at least two fermentation pile heaps in a high-temperature fermentation state are established in advance (start-up stage); when the environmental temperature is less than or equal to 0 DEG C, one high-temperature pile heap is selected in circulation, high-temperature fermentation materials (central temperature >= 60 DEG C) in the high-temperature pile heap are mixed with low-temperature fresh chicken manure to be treated, auxiliary material straw powder and fermentation bacterial agents according to a specific weight ratio, and the sensible heat of the high-temperature materials is used to make the initial temperature of the mixed materials rise to more than 20 DEG C; subsequently, part of the mixed materials is removed for composting, and the remaining materials are left in the original position to continue fermentation as a subsequent heat source, so that the dynamic balance of continuous feeding and discharging is realized. The application does not need external energy, and realizes open-air continuous and efficient fermentation and resource utilization of chicken manure in the cold environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for fermenting chicken manure at low temperature, belonging to the field of livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment and resource utilization technology. Background Technology

[0002] In northern my country, there are many large-scale chicken farms with a stock of over 100,000 birds, and some farms even have a stock of over 1 million birds.

[0003] In summer and autumn, when ambient temperatures are relatively high, chicken manure fermentation is generally not difficult. However, in cold seasons, especially when ambient temperatures remain below 0°C for extended periods, fermenting chicken manure becomes significantly more challenging. Fresh chicken manure typically has a moisture content exceeding 70%, and if stored at temperatures below -5°C for several hours, the moisture in the manure will freeze, making subsequent fermentation extremely difficult. Such low temperatures are common in winter in Northeast, North, and Northwest my country.

[0004] There are currently two main ways to handle this situation in livestock farms. The first is to temporarily pile up the manure and ferment it the following spring. The second is to transport it to a local vegetable greenhouse and utilize the warm environment for fermentation. However, greenhouse fermentation has significant limitations, requiring consideration of transportation distance and the greenhouse's processing capacity. Currently, the most common method is temporary storage, which obviously puts considerable pressure on the farm's ecosystem and storage space. Therefore, this invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for fermenting low-temperature chicken manure. This invention uses a large proportion of straw powder as an auxiliary material (the addition ratio reaches 50-75% of the weight of fresh chicken manure) and a large proportion of high-temperature fermentation material mixed with fresh chicken manure raw materials (the weight of the high-temperature material is 200-400% of the weight of fresh chicken manure) to quickly raise the initial temperature of the material to be fermented and quickly start fermentation, thereby solving the problem that chicken manure cannot start fermentation due to excessively low ambient temperature.

[0006] The method for fermenting chicken manure at low temperature provided by this invention includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Start-up phase: When the ambient temperature is ≥5℃, mix fresh chicken manure, auxiliary materials, fermentation agents and optional enzyme solutions, and carry out pile fermentation to establish at least two independent fermentation piles in a high-temperature fermentation state. S2, Cyclic Stage: When the ambient temperature is ≤0℃, select one of the fermentation piles in a high-temperature state in sequence, and mix the high-temperature fermentation material in it with the low-temperature fresh chicken manure to be treated, auxiliary materials, fermentation agent and optional enzyme solution. S3. Separate a portion of the mixture and transfer it to another location for separate fermentation until it is fully decomposed, while the remaining material remains in place to continue fermentation to a high temperature. S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to achieve a dynamic balance between continuous feeding and discharging.

[0008] In the method of this invention, the auxiliary material is straw powder, and its addition amount is 50%-75% of the weight of the low-temperature fresh chicken manure; The addition of a high proportion of straw powder can greatly improve the physical structure of fresh chicken manure (high moisture content, fine particles), significantly increase the porosity of the pile, ensure oxygen transport, and create basic conditions for aerobic fermentation. At low temperatures, a sufficient supply of oxygen is crucial for maintaining microbial activity.

[0009] Fresh chicken manure has a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C / N). The addition of a high proportion of straw powder (high carbon) can adjust the C / N ratio of the mixture to a range more suitable for microbial activity (about 25:1), providing a balanced "food" for the fermentation agent and promoting rapid and continuous heat production.

[0010] Straw powder can effectively absorb some of the free water in fresh chicken manure, reducing the overall moisture content of the mixture. This not only prevents the material from freezing into hard lumps at extremely low temperatures, but also avoids an anaerobic environment caused by excessive moisture.

[0011] In the method of the present invention, the weight ratio of the high-temperature fermented material to the low-temperature fresh chicken manure is 2:1-4:1; By mixing the two, the low temperature (often below 0℃ or even freezing) of fresh chicken manure is instantly raised to a temperature where microorganisms can be active (>20℃), skipping the slow self-heating start-up period and directly entering the rapid fermentation track.

[0012] When the moisture in fresh chicken manure has frozen, this ratio ensures that there is enough heat for the ice to melt (the latent heat of phase change is huge), which is a prerequisite for starting fermentation.

[0013] The high proportion of high-temperature materials is rich in active microbial communities, which is equivalent to a large-scale, high-concentration inoculation of low-temperature new materials and dilutes the low-temperature, high-humidity new materials that may inhibit fermentation.

[0014] In the method of this invention, the number N of fermentation piles established during the start-up phase satisfies: N≥T, where T is the number of days required from material mixing to the pile center temperature reaching 60°C or higher. This ensures that from the first day of the cold season, at least one pile that has reached a high temperature (≥60°C) is available for use each day, thereby achieving continuous operation of "same-day manure treatment" and avoiding production interruptions. After each pile reaches a high temperature, its high-temperature state will last for several days (up to 3 days in the embodiment). The rule of N≥T guarantees that even under the most unfavorable circumstances (i.e., each pile is used exactly on the day it reaches a high temperature), the system has sufficient high-temperature material reserves for rotation, preventing "gap" in supply. This provides a buffer margin for variables in actual production (such as a pile heating up slightly slower, or a temporary increase in manure volume on a certain day), enhancing the fault tolerance and stability of the entire method.

[0015] The physical meaning of N: The total number of stacks established in advance during the start-up phase, at different fermentation days.

[0016] The technological definition of T is: the actual number of days from the completion of material mixing to the first time the center temperature of the stack reaches above 60°C under specific environmental conditions (≥5°C) and specific formulations (high proportion of straw powder, microbial agents, etc.). This is a key process parameter, which is affected by many factors such as material composition, ambient temperature, and stack size, and can be determined in advance through experiments.

[0017] In the method of this invention, during the cyclic phase, the removed mixture accounts for 30%-35% of the total mixture by weight, meaning 65%-70% of the high-temperature material remains in situ. This directly and precisely couples with the aforementioned requirement that the weight ratio of high-temperature material to fresh chicken manure be 2:1-4:1. By fixing this discharge ratio, the amount of heat source material retained can be automatically guaranteed to always meet the proportion requirements of high-temperature material for the next batch, without the need for complex calculations. Under stable operating conditions, the total mass of fresh chicken manure and straw powder added daily (or per cycle) should be equal to the mass of the removed composted material. The 30%-35% removal ratio is a key value, calculated and verified under a given material formula and mixing ratio, that ensures the total material quantity of the system tends to stabilize. It prevents the system from expanding indefinitely or gradually shrinking.

[0018] In the method of this invention, the core temperature of the high-temperature fermentation material is not lower than 60°C; The initial temperature of the mixed materials is raised to above 20°C.

[0019] In the method of the present invention, the stacking height and width of the material in each fermentation pile are not less than 1.5 meters.

[0020] In the method of the present invention, the fermentation agent includes at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus thermophilus, wherein the amount of fermentation agent added is 400-600 grams per ton of fresh chicken manure.

[0021] In the method of the present invention, the amount of cellulase added is 400-600 grams of cellulase with an enzyme activity of not less than 10,000 u / g per ton of straw powder.

[0022] In the method of the present invention, during the cycle phase, the frequency of processing the low-temperature fresh chicken manure is once every 1-3 days; when the processing frequency is once every M days, the number of fermentation piles established during the start-up phase is at least T / M rounded up to match the operating rhythm.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: It truly achieves continuous operation in open-air, frigid environments: it does not rely on external facilities such as greenhouses or warm sheds, and breaks through the geographical and environmental limitations of low-temperature fermentation.

[0024] Energy-saving and efficient: It fully utilizes the bioheat generated by the fermentation process itself to heat the newly added low-temperature raw materials, without consuming external energy for heating, resulting in low operating costs.

[0025] High and stable processing capacity: Through the dynamic balance design of "start-up-cycle", it can achieve continuous and stable processing of large-scale (such as tens of tons per day) chicken manure without seasonal backlog.

[0026] High product value: The fermentation process is thorough, ultimately yielding high-quality organic fertilizer with good decomposition and stable quality, realizing the resource utilization of waste and resulting in significant economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is the process of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is the process of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0031] This invention provides a low-temperature, high-efficiency fermentation method for chicken manure suitable for frigid environments, aiming to solve the technical bottleneck of existing technologies that cannot efficiently, continuously, and cost-effectively process high-moisture fresh chicken manure under low-temperature conditions (especially below 0°C).

[0032] The core of this invention lies in constructing and maintaining a dynamic equilibrium system based on the self-circulation of fermentation bioheat. This system is achieved through two synergistic stages: the initiation stage, where sufficient high-temperature fermentation piles are pre-established at a suitable temperature (≥5℃) before the arrival of the cold season to form an initial "heat reservoir"; and the circulation stage, where, during the severe cold season, the daily low-temperature (even frozen) fresh chicken manure is mixed with a specific proportion of high-temperature fermentation materials (core temperature ≥60℃) and straw powder adjuvants, and the sensible heat of the high-temperature materials is used to instantly raise the temperature of the mixture to the fermentation initiation threshold (above 20℃), thereby rapidly starting a new round of fermentation.

[0033] The features of this invention are embodied in a series of precisely designed and coupled key technical features: Synergistic material formulation: A high proportion of straw powder (50%-75% of the weight of fresh chicken manure) is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and structure of the material. At the same time, a higher proportion of high-temperature fermented material (2:1-4:1 weight ratio with fresh chicken manure) is used to provide immediate start-up heat, forming a dual mechanism of "latent heat guarantee" and "sensible heat guarantee".

[0034] System Planning and Scheduling: An engineering planning rule based on the time parameter of the bioprocess is proposed, namely, the number of fermentation piles (N) established in the start-up phase should not be less than the number of days (T) required for the material to be heated to above 60°C, to ensure continuous operation. This rule can be extended to a general formula (rounding up N≥T / M) to adapt to different processing frequencies (once every M days).

[0035] Dynamic balance control: During the circulation phase, 30%-35% of the material after each mixing is removed as product, while 65%-70% is retained as a heat source for subsequent batches. This ratio is precisely coupled with the aforementioned material input ratio to ensure long-term stable operation of the system in terms of thermal and quality balance, forming a closed loop of "continuous feeding - circulating heating - stable discharge".

[0036] Compared to existing technologies that rely on greenhouse insulation, low-temperature resistant microbial agents, or external heating, this invention fully utilizes the heat generated by biological fermentation within the system, requiring no external energy input. It successfully achieves large-scale, continuous, and low-cost harmless treatment and resource utilization of chicken manure in open-air, frigid environments. This method features reliable start-up, stable operation, strong processing capacity, significant energy savings, and high-quality final products, providing a highly valuable and innovative solution for manure and wastewater treatment in large-scale farms in high-altitude, cold regions of my country.

[0037] Example 1 A chicken farm in Anshan City, Liaoning Province, produces approximately 20 tons of fresh chicken manure daily (with a moisture content of about 75%). Under conditions where the ambient temperature is above 0°C, the moisture in the manure does not freeze, allowing for conventional composting and fermentation during the day. However, after December, with the ambient temperature remaining below 0°C for extended periods, the moisture in the manure freezes, making conventional fermentation methods ineffective.

[0038] Based on existing production experience, straw powder (passed through a 10-mesh sieve, with a moisture content of about 20%) can be used as an auxiliary material, with an addition ratio of 50% of the manure. Under the condition that the initial temperature is not lower than 15℃, conventional pile fermentation can reach a high temperature state in 3-4 days. The core temperature of the material (which can also be understood as the highest temperature) can reach above 70℃, and the high temperature can last for more than 3 days.

[0039] Based on past experience, we prepared four fermentation piles using a gradual transition method to successfully inoculate the subsequent low-temperature manure fermentation. The entire process can be divided into two stages, as follows: The fermentation agent is sourced from Yunnan Bosiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Each gram of solid agent contains the following live bacteria: Saccharomyces boulardii ≥ 1 billion CFU, Bacillus subtilis ≥ 5 billion CFU, Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 1 billion CFU, Bacillus pumilus ≥ 1 billion CFU, Enterococcus faecalis ≥ 2 billion CFU, and Streptococcus thermophilus ≥ 2 billion CFU.

[0040] The dosage of fermentation agent is 500 grams per ton of manure.

[0041] The dosage of cellulase is 500 grams per ton of straw powder. The cellulase is sourced from Shandong Longda Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product has an enzyme activity of ≥10000u / g.

[0042] Phase 1: Launch Phase.

[0043] On November 1, 2023 (when the ambient temperature was between 9℃ and 17℃), preparation of the fermentation piles began (one pile was prepared each day).

[0044] Prepare the fermentation solution (200 kg, for one-time use): Prepare 170 kg of clean water (tap water or well water) indoors, then add 20 kg of sucrose and stir until completely dissolved. Then add 10 kg of solid fermentation agent (containing various active microorganisms), stir for 30 seconds, and let stand for 60 minutes before use.

[0045] Prepare 120 kg of cellulose-degrading enzyme solution (for one-time use): Prepare 100 kg of clean water (tap water or well water) indoors, add 15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir to dissolve, then add 5 kg of cellulose-degrading enzyme, stir for 60 seconds, and let stand for later use.

[0046] 20 tons of manure (approximately 75% moisture content) are produced daily, and 10 tons of straw powder (approximately 20% moisture content) are added and mixed evenly. During the mixing process, the corresponding fermentation liquid (200 kg) and enzyme solution (120 kg) are added.

[0047] After mixing, the mixture is stacked into long strips with a trapezoidal cross-section, a height of 1.8-2.2 meters, a top width of 2.0-2.2 meters, a bottom width of 2.8-3.0 meters, and an unlimited length.

[0048] After four consecutive days of operation, four fermentation piles were created.

[0049] Then, over the next 12 days, three rounds of cyclical feeding were completed, with each stack being fed once in each round.

[0050] Phase Two: Cyclic Phase Prepare the fermentation solution (200 kg, for one-time use): Prepare 170 kg of clean water (tap water or well water) indoors, then add 20 kg of sucrose and stir until completely dissolved. Then add 10 kg of solid fermentation agent (containing various active microorganisms), stir for 30 seconds, and let stand for 60 minutes before use.

[0051] Prepare 150 kg of cellulose-degrading enzyme solution (for one-time use): Prepare 120 kg of clean water (tap water or well water) indoors, add 22.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir to dissolve, then add 7.5 kg of cellulose-degrading enzyme, stir for 60 seconds, and let stand for later use.

[0052] Open one high-temperature stack each day in chronological order, add the low-temperature manure (about 20 tons), straw powder (about 15 tons), fermentation liquid (200 kg), and enzyme liquid (150 kg) produced that day, and mix them evenly.

[0053] 35% of the mixture was separated and moved elsewhere, while the remaining 65% was left to ferment in situ.

[0054] The removed material is fermented separately until it is fully decomposed, becoming high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0055] The material that remains in place for fermentation generates high temperatures and then continues to receive the next round of feeding and discharging.

[0056] Repeat the above operation multiple times until all the piles are in a balanced state, and the amount of material added each time is basically equal to the fermentation equivalent of the material removed.

[0057] This method allows for the successful fermentation of all the manure produced throughout the cold season.

[0058] Example 2 A chicken farm in Dehui City, Jilin Province, has about 100,000 laying hens and produces about 10 tons of fresh chicken manure (with a moisture content of about 75%) every day.

[0059] Considering the small scale of the farm and the limited amount of manure, and the fact that the manure won't smell bad in a short time under cold conditions, we plan to treat the manure every three days.

[0060] The fermentation agent is sourced from Yunnan Bosiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Each gram of solid agent contains the following live bacteria: Saccharomyces boulardii ≥ 1 billion CFU, Bacillus subtilis ≥ 5 billion CFU, Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 1 billion CFU, Bacillus pumilus ≥ 1 billion CFU, Enterococcus faecalis ≥ 2 billion CFU, and Streptococcus thermophilus ≥ 2 billion CFU.

[0061] The dosage of fermentation agent is 500 grams per ton of manure.

[0062] The dosage of cellulase (product enzyme activity ≥10000u / g) is 500 grams per ton of straw powder. The cellulase is sourced from Shandong Longda Bioengineering Co., Ltd.

[0063] Phase 1: Launch Phase On October 25, 2023 (when the ambient temperature was between 1℃ and 21℃), preparation of the fermentation stacks began (one stack per day).

[0064] Prepare the fermentation liquid (100 kg): Prepare 85 kg of clean water (well water) indoors, add 10 kg of sucrose, and stir until completely dissolved. Then add 5 kg of solid fermentation agent (containing a variety of active microorganisms), stir for 30 seconds, and let stand for 60 minutes before use.

[0065] Prepare 60 kg of cellulase solution: In a room, prepare 50 kg of clean water (well water), add 7.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir to dissolve, then add 2.5 kg of cellulase, stir for 60 seconds, and let stand for later use.

[0066] The system produces 10 tons of manure (approximately 75% moisture content) daily, which is then mixed with 5 tons of straw powder (approximately 20% moisture content) until homogeneous. During the mixing process, 100 kg of the corresponding fermentation liquid and 60 kg of enzyme solution are added.

[0067] After mixing, the mixture is stacked into long strips with a trapezoidal cross-section, a height of 1.8-2.2 meters, a top width of 2.0-2.2 meters, a bottom width of 2.8-3.0 meters, and an unlimited length.

[0068] After three consecutive days of operation, three fermentation piles were formed.

[0069] Then, over the next 21 days, seven rounds of cyclical feeding were completed, with each stack being fed once in each round.

[0070] Phase Two: Cyclic Phase Prepare the fermentation liquid (200 kg): Prepare 170 kg of clean water (well water) indoors, add 20 kg of sucrose, and stir until completely dissolved. Then add 10 kg of solid fermentation agent (containing a variety of active microorganisms), stir for 30 seconds, and let stand for 60 minutes before use.

[0071] Prepare 150 kg of cellulase solution: In a room, prepare 120 kg of clean water (well water), add 22.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir to dissolve, then add 7.5 kg of cellulase, stir for 60 seconds, and let stand for later use.

[0072] In chronological order, open a high-temperature stack every two days (when the ambient temperature has dropped below 0°C), add three days' worth of accumulated low-temperature manure (about 20 tons), auxiliary materials (about 15 tons), fermentation liquid (200 kg), and enzyme solution (150 kg), and mix evenly.

[0073] 30% of the mixture was separated and moved elsewhere, while the remaining 70% was left to ferment in situ.

[0074] The removed material is fermented separately until it is fully decomposed, becoming high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0075] The material that remains in place for fermentation generates high temperatures and then continues to receive the next round of feeding and discharging.

[0076] Repeat the above operation multiple times until all the piles are in a balanced state, and the amount of material added each time is basically equal to the fermentation equivalent of the material removed.

[0077] This method allows for the successful fermentation of all the manure produced throughout the cold season.

Claims

1. A method for fermenting chicken manure at low temperature, comprising the following steps: S1. Start-up phase: When the ambient temperature is ≥5℃, mix fresh chicken manure, auxiliary materials, fermentation agents and optional enzyme solutions, and carry out pile fermentation to establish at least two independent fermentation piles in a high-temperature fermentation state. S2, Cyclic Stage: When the ambient temperature is ≤0℃, select one of the fermentation piles in a high-temperature state in sequence, and mix the high-temperature fermentation material in it with the low-temperature fresh chicken manure to be treated, auxiliary materials, fermentation agent and optional enzyme solution. S3. Separate a portion of the mixture and transfer it to another location for separate fermentation until it is fully decomposed, while the remaining material remains in place to continue fermentation to a high temperature. S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to achieve a dynamic balance between continuous feeding and discharging.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary material is straw powder, and its addition amount is 50%-75% of the weight of the low-temperature fresh chicken manure.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the high-temperature fermented material to the low-temperature fresh chicken manure is 2:1 to 4:

1.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The number N of fermentation piles established during the start-up phase satisfies: N≥T, where T is the number of days required from material mixing to the point where the temperature at the center of the pile reaches above 60°C.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: During the cycle phase, the removed mixture accounts for 30%-35% of the total mixture by weight.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The core temperature of the high-temperature fermented material is not lower than 60°C; The initial temperature of the mixed materials is raised to above 20°C.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The height and width of the material pile in each fermentation heap shall not be less than 1.5 meters.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The fermentation agent includes at least one of the following: *Bacillus subtilis*, *Bacillus licheniformis*, *Bacillus pumilus*, *Enterococcus faecalis*, and *Streptococcus thermophilus*, wherein the amount of fermentation agent added is 400-600 grams per ton of fresh chicken manure.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The amount of cellulase added is 400-600 grams of cellulase with an enzyme activity of not less than 10,000 u / g per ton of straw powder.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: During the cycle phase, the low-temperature fresh chicken manure is processed once every 1-3 days; when the processing frequency is once every M days, the number of fermentation piles established during the start-up phase is at least T / M rounded up.

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