A plateau permafrost area controllable cold region maintaining device

Abstract

The application discloses a plateau permafrost area controllable cold region maintaining device, relates to the roadbed maintenance technical field of plateau permafrost area, and comprises a hot rod body, a protection structure is installed at the top of the hot rod body, a transmission mechanism is installed at the top of the protection structure, an environment sensing machine is installed at the top of the transmission mechanism, and a damping mechanism is installed at the top of the transmission mechanism and at the side of the environment sensing machine, the cooperation of the environment sensing machine, the protection structure and the transmission mechanism realizes the full-season self-adaptive regulation and control of automatic covering in the warm season and automatic opening in the cold season, manual intervention and external power driving are not needed, the hot rod body working mode can be automatically switched according to the change of the environment temperature, the technical defects that heat backflow and permafrost warming and thawing are prone to occurring in the summer of the traditional hot rod are solved, and the permafrost temperature control stability and the roadbed safety are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of roadbed maintenance technology in plateau permafrost regions, specifically to a controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions. Background Technology

[0002] In roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of plateaus, heat pipes are widely used as passive permafrost protection devices. They rely on the phase change cycle of the internal working fluid to conduct underground heat to the surface, so as to maintain the frozen state of the permafrost and ensure the stability of the roadbed structure.

[0003] The traditional heat pipes rely solely on natural temperature differences to operate. When the ambient temperature is higher than the underground permafrost temperature during the warm season, heat backflow from the surface is likely to occur, leading to a decrease in the upper limit of the permafrost and deformation of the roadbed due to thawing. It is difficult to achieve stable control throughout the seasons, such as heat insulation and cold preservation during the warm season and heat dissipation and cooling during the cold season.

[0004] Heat dissipation structure is prone to blockage and failure: High-altitude areas have strong winds and frequent snow accumulation. The heat dissipation jacket and heat sink of the heat pipe condensation section are exposed to the outside for a long time. Dust, snow and gravel easily adhere to the surface, causing blockage of heat dissipation channels and a significant reduction in heat exchange efficiency. This leads to a decrease in the heat dissipation capacity of the heat pipe and an inability to continuously and stably protect the permafrost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions, solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions, comprising a heat pipe body, a protective structure installed on the top of the heat pipe body, a transmission mechanism installed on the top of the protective structure, an environmental sensor installed on the top of the transmission mechanism, a damping mechanism installed on the top of the transmission mechanism and on the side of the environmental sensor, and a cleaning mechanism installed on the top of the heat pipe body and inside the protective structure. The heat pipe body includes a heat absorption section, an evaporation section is fixedly installed at the top of the heat absorption section, a condensation section is fixedly installed at the top of the evaporation section, a heat dissipation sleeve is fixedly assembled on the outside of the condensation section, a plurality of heat dissipation fins are fixedly installed on the outside of the heat dissipation sleeve, and a base is fixedly installed on the outside of the condensation section and below the heat dissipation sleeve. The protective structure includes a vertical arm. The top of the cleaning mechanism is fixedly mounted with the vertical arm. A threaded shaft is rotatably connected to the inside of the vertical arm via a bearing. A guide frame is mounted on the outside of the threaded shaft, and both ends of the guide frame extend to the left and right sides of the vertical arm, respectively. An outer fixed protective cover is fixedly mounted on the top of the vertical arm. An inner movable protective cover is placed on the inner wall of the outer fixed protective cover. Both ends of the guide frame are connected to the inner wall of the inner movable protective cover. The inner diameter of the inner movable protective cover is larger than the outer diameter of the heat sink.

[0007] Preferably, the environmental sensor includes a medium working cylinder and a guide box. The guide box is fixedly installed on the top of the transmission mechanism. The medium working cylinder is installed on the top of the guide box. A temperature heat conductor is embedded in the top of the medium working cylinder. A piston block is slidably installed inside the medium working cylinder. A piston column is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the piston block. The bottom end of the piston column extends into the inside of the guide box and is fixedly installed with a pressure plate. The space inside the medium working cylinder and above the piston block is filled with a medium.

[0008] Preferably, a spring is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the guide box, and the top end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure plate, and a rack is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the pressure plate.

[0009] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a transmission seat, the top of the outer fixed protective cover is fixedly mounted on the transmission seat, the bottom end of the rack extends into the interior of the transmission seat, the inner wall of the transmission seat is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft via a bearing, a first drive gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft and the first drive gear engages with the rack, a large bevel gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft, the top end of the threaded shaft extends into the interior of the transmission seat and a small bevel gear is fixedly sleeved on it, the small bevel gear meshes with the large bevel gear, the bottom of the inner cavity of the transmission seat is rotatably connected to the transmission shaft via a bearing, a one-way bearing is installed on the outer side of the rotating shaft, and a meshing second bevel gear is installed on both the one-way bearing and the outer side of the transmission shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the damping mechanism includes an internal thread seat, which is fixedly installed above the opening at the top of the transmission seat. A lower tray is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft. A friction wheel is movably sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft and above the lower tray. A spline component is fixedly installed on the inner side of the friction wheel. A spline groove extending through to the top of the transmission shaft is opened on the outer side of the transmission shaft, and one end of the spline component is inserted into the spline groove. An upper tray is movably sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft and above the friction wheel. Friction discs that cooperate with the friction wheel are installed in the inner cavities of both the upper and lower trays.

[0011] Preferably, the internal thread of the internal thread seat is connected to the housing, and a sliding screw is rotatably connected to the housing via a bearing. The outer thread of the sliding screw is connected to a retaining bracket, and the bottom ends of both ends of the retaining bracket extend into the transmission seat and contact the top of the upper tray. The top end of the sliding screw extends to the top of the housing and is fixedly installed with a knob. The diameter of the housing is larger than the inner diameter of the opening.

[0012] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a working shell, the top of which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the vertical arm, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the top of the condensation section, the bottom of the threaded shaft extending into the working shell and fixedly fitted with a large gear, a rotating rod rotatably connected to the top of the inner cavity of the working shell via a bearing, a small gear meshing with the large gear fixedly fitted on the outer side of the rotating rod, a gear ring slidably connected inside the annular cavity of the working shell, a second drive gear cooperating with the gear ring fixedly fitted on the bottom of the rotating rod, a limit ring fixedly installed on the bottom of the gear ring, and a shielding ring movably fitted on the outer side of the bottom of the working shell, the bottom of the limit ring being fixedly connected to the top of the shielding ring.

[0013] Preferably, a scraping strip is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shielding ring, and the outer side of the scraping strip is in contact with the surface of the heat sink and the upper and lower surfaces and outer peripheral surfaces of the heat sink.

[0014] This invention provides a controllable cold zone maintenance device for permafrost regions in high-altitude areas, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention achieves all-season adaptive regulation by coordinating an environmental sensor, a protective structure, and a transmission mechanism to automatically close the cover in warm seasons and automatically open it in cold seasons. It requires no manual intervention or external power drive and can automatically switch the working mode of the heat pipe body according to changes in ambient temperature. This solves the technical defects of traditional heat pipes that are prone to heat backflow and thawing of frozen soil in summer, and significantly improves the temperature control stability of frozen soil and the safety of roadbed.

[0015] 2. The present invention is equipped with a cleaning mechanism that simultaneously drives the scraper to perform circumferential cleaning on the surface of the heat sink and heat sink during the opening and closing of the inner moving protective cover. This automatically removes dust, snow, sand and other debris, preventing the heat dissipation structure from being blocked and causing a decrease in heat exchange efficiency, and ensuring that the heat pipe body can work stably and efficiently in both winter and summer.

[0016] 3. This invention achieves differentiated motion characteristics of rapid downward movement and damped lag upward movement of the protective cover through the cooperation of a damping mechanism and a one-way bearing. It can effectively adapt to the harsh environment of large diurnal temperature differences and frequent temperature fluctuations in plateau areas, avoid frequent opening and closing of the inner moving protective cover due to short-term temperature changes, extend the service life of the device, and improve operational reliability.

[0017] 4. This invention utilizes a semiconductor cooling chip mounted on the outside of the inner movable protective cover to actively cool the sealed inner cavity of the condensation section when the cover is closed during the warm season. This achieves both sunshade and heat insulation by utilizing the inner movable protective cover to block external heat radiation and convection intrusion, meeting the protection requirements of reducing heat backflow in conventional permafrost areas, and forced temperature reduction of the condensation section by the semiconductor cooling chip, enhancing the cold zone maintenance capability and meeting the control requirements of active cooling in high-temperature fragile permafrost, high heat load, and strong sunlight road sections. It combines the two technical solutions of "blocking external heat" and "forced cooling of the cold end" into one, providing dual protection against the loss of cold energy in the underground permafrost. The temperature control accuracy and cooling effect are far superior to traditional single protective structures. The invention also features a one-way drainage pipe at the bottom of the inner movable protective cover, along with a base with an inclined surface, to promptly, directionally, and unidirectionally discharge condensate generated by the semiconductor cooling, preventing water accumulation, condensation, and icing in the inner cavity, avoiding impact on cooling efficiency and heat exchange safety, and significantly improving the adaptability and durability of the device in high-altitude, high-humidity, and large-temperature-difference environments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure under protection according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention without protection; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the protective structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the environmental sensor of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical arm structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cleaning mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the damping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Heat pipe body; 101. Heat absorption section; 102. Evaporation section; 103. Condensation section; 104. Heat dissipation sleeve; 105. Base support; 106. Heat dissipation fins; 2. Protective structure; 201. External fixed protective cover; 202. Vertical arm; 203. Threaded shaft; 204. Guide frame; 205. Internal movable protective cover; 3. Environmental sensor; 301. Medium working cylinder; 302. Temperature heat conductor; 303. Piston block; 304. Piston column; 305. Pressure plate; 306. Guide box; 307. Rack; 308. Spring; 4. Damping mechanism; 401. Lower tray; 402. Friction disc; 403. Upper tray; 404. Friction wheel 405. Internal thread seat; 406. Housing; 407. Sliding screw; 408. Support frame; 409. Spline groove; 5. Transmission mechanism; 501. Transmission seat; 502. Rotating shaft; 503. First drive gear; 504. Large bevel gear; 505. Small bevel gear; 506. One-way bearing; 507. Transmission shaft; 508. Second bevel gear; 6. Cleaning mechanism; 601. Working housing; 602. Large gear; 603. Rotating rod; 604. Small gear; 605. Second drive gear; 606. Gear ring; 607. Scraper bar; 608. Shielding ring; 609. Limiting ring; 7. Semiconductor cooling chip; 8. One-way drain pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 Please see Figures 1 to 8 The present invention provides a technical solution: a controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost areas, including a heat pipe body 1, a protective structure 2 installed on the top of the heat pipe body 1, a transmission mechanism 5 installed on the top of the protective structure 2, an environmental sensor 3 installed on the top of the transmission mechanism 5, a damping mechanism 4 installed on the top of the transmission mechanism 5 and on the side of the environmental sensor 3, and a cleaning mechanism 6 installed on the top of the heat pipe body 1 and inside the protective structure 2. The heat pipe body 1 includes a heat absorption section 101, an evaporation section 102 is fixedly installed at the top of the heat absorption section 101, a condensation section 103 is fixedly installed at the top of the evaporation section 102, a heat dissipation sleeve 104 is fixedly assembled on the outside of the condensation section 103, a plurality of heat dissipation fins 106 are fixedly installed on the outside of the heat dissipation sleeve 104, and a base support 105 is fixedly installed on the outside of the condensation section 103 and below the heat dissipation sleeve 104. The protective structure 2 includes a vertical arm 202. The vertical arm 202 is fixedly installed on the top of the cleaning mechanism 6. A threaded shaft 203 is rotatably connected to the inside of the vertical arm 202 through a bearing. A guide frame 204 is mounted on the outside of the threaded shaft 203, and the two ends of the guide frame 204 extend to the left and right sides of the vertical arm 202 respectively. An outer fixed protective cover 201 is fixedly installed on the top of the vertical arm 202. An inner movable protective cover 205 is placed on the inner wall of the outer fixed protective cover 201. Both ends of the guide frame 204 are connected to the inner wall of the inner movable protective cover 205. The inner diameter of the inner movable protective cover 205 is larger than the outer diameter of the heat sink 106.

[0022] A protective structure 2, an environmental sensor 3, a transmission mechanism 5, a damping mechanism 4, and a cleaning mechanism 6 are integrated into the top of the traditional heat pipe body 1. A liftable, movable inner protective cover 205, which completely surrounds the heat dissipation sleeve 104 and heat dissipation fins 106, enables active and intelligent control of the working environment of the condensation section 103. During warm seasons or high-temperature periods, the protective cover can be lowered to effectively block solar radiation and hot air convection, preventing heat from "backflowing" into the permafrost and thus providing "cooling" protection. During cold seasons or low-temperature periods, the protective cover can be raised to ensure the heat dissipation fins 106 are fully exposed, maximizing heat dissipation efficiency. This structure fundamentally solves the problems of low heat dissipation efficiency or even adverse effects of traditional heat pipes in warm seasons, as well as the year-round exposure leading to dust accumulation and failure. It achieves "on-demand heat dissipation and intelligent protection," significantly improving the reliability and durability of roadbed maintenance in high-altitude permafrost regions.

[0023] Furthermore, the environmental sensor 3 includes a medium working cylinder 301 and a guide box 306. The guide box 306 is fixedly installed on the top of the transmission mechanism 5. The medium working cylinder 301 is installed on the top of the guide box 306. A temperature heat conductor 302 is embedded in the top of the medium working cylinder 301. A piston block 303 is slidably installed inside the medium working cylinder 301. A piston column 304 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the piston block 303. The bottom end of the piston column 304 extends into the interior of the guide box 306 and is fixedly installed with a pressure plate 305. The space inside the medium working cylinder 301 and above the piston block 303 is filled with medium.

[0024] As those skilled in the art will recognize, by incorporating the environmental sensor 3, particularly the medium working cylinder 301, the temperature heat conductor 302, and the piston assembly, this device can passively and directly convert changes in ambient temperature into power to drive mechanical motion. The temperature heat conductor 302 efficiently senses the external temperature and conducts it to the medium inside the medium working cylinder 301. The thermal expansion and contraction of the medium directly drives the piston block 303 and piston column 304 to move. This requires no external power supply or complex circuitry, resulting in a simple and reliable structure. It is particularly suitable for special working conditions in high-altitude permafrost regions where there is no mains power supply, the environment is harsh, and maintenance is difficult, ensuring long-term maintenance-free operation of the device.

[0025] Furthermore, a spring 308 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the guide box 306, and the top of the spring 308 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure plate 305. A rack 307 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pressure plate 305.

[0026] As those skilled in the art will recognize, a spring 308 is installed at the bottom of the guide box 306 and connected to the pressure plate 305 and rack 307, forming a highly efficient bidirectional drive and reset system. When the medium expands due to heat, it can overcome the elastic force of the spring 308 to push the system downward; when the medium cools and contracts, the spring 308, which stores elastic potential energy, can reliably drive the system to reset and move upward. The design of the rack 307 provides a stable and precise interface for the conversion from linear motion to rotary motion. This structure ensures the inevitability and reliability of the device's operation, making the lifting and lowering of the protective cover strictly synchronized with temperature changes, and ensuring a smooth operation without the risk of jamming.

[0027] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism 5 includes a transmission seat 501. The transmission seat 501 is fixedly installed on the top of the outer fixed protective cover 201. The bottom end of the rack 307 extends into the interior of the transmission seat 501. A rotating shaft 502 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the transmission seat 501 via a bearing. A first drive gear 503 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft 502, and the first drive gear 503 cooperates with the rack 307. A large bevel gear 504 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft 502. The top end of the threaded shaft 203 extends into the interior of the transmission seat 501 and is fixedly sleeved with a small bevel gear 505. The small bevel gear 505 meshes with the large bevel gear 504. The bottom of the inner cavity of the transmission seat 501 is rotatably connected to the transmission shaft 507 via a bearing. A one-way bearing 506 is installed on the outer side of the rotating shaft 502, and a meshing second bevel gear 508 is installed on both the one-way bearing 506 and the outer side of the transmission shaft 507.

[0028] As those skilled in the art will understand, the transmission mechanism 5, through the cooperation of the rack 307, the first drive gear 503, the large bevel gear 504 and the small bevel gear 505 of the bevel gear set, and the threaded shaft 203, efficiently converts the linear motion output by the environmental sensor 3 into the rotational motion that drives the protective cover to rise and fall, and ultimately into the linear movement of the guide frame 204. The transmission path is clear and the efficiency is high. In particular, by setting a one-way bearing 506 to connect the rotating shaft 502 and the transmission shaft 507, the decoupling of the motion direction is achieved: when the protective cover moves down, the power does not pass through the damping mechanism 4, and it can move quickly; when the protective cover moves up, the power is transmitted to the damping mechanism 4 through the one-way bearing 506.

[0029] Furthermore, the damping mechanism 4 includes an internal thread seat 405, which is fixedly installed above the opening at the top of the transmission seat 501. A lower tray 401 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft 507. A friction wheel 404 is movably sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft 507 and above the lower tray 401. A spline component is fixedly installed on the inner side of the friction wheel 404. A spline groove 409 extending through to the top of the transmission shaft 507 is opened on the outer side of the transmission shaft 507. One end of each spline component is inserted into the spline groove 409. An upper tray 403 is movably sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft 507 and above the friction wheel 404. Friction discs 402 that cooperate with the friction wheel 404 are installed in the inner cavities of both the upper tray 403 and the lower tray 401.

[0030] As those skilled in the art will know, the damping mechanism 4 employs the principle of friction damping, generating resistance through the rotation of the friction wheel 404 between the upper and lower friction discs 402. Its beneficial effect is providing an adjustable and stable damping force. This damping force is specifically applied to the rising process of the protective cover, allowing the inner moving protective cover 205 to open slowly and smoothly when the ambient temperature decreases, rather than suddenly springing open. This design effectively avoids the problem of the protective cover "shaking" or "frequent opening and closing" that may be caused by the large diurnal temperature difference and frequent rapid temperature fluctuations in high-altitude areas, ensuring the stability of the heat pipe's operating state and enabling the device to adapt to the extreme climatic conditions of large temperature differences and rapid temperature changes in high-altitude areas, responding only to continuous seasonal or diurnal temperature trends.

[0031] Furthermore, the internal thread of the internal thread seat 405 is connected to the housing 406, and the housing 406 is rotatably connected to the sliding screw 407 through the bearing. The outer thread of the sliding screw 407 is connected to the abutment 408, and the bottom ends of both ends of the abutment 408 extend into the transmission seat 501 and contact the top of the upper tray 403. The top end of the sliding screw 407 extends to the top of the housing 406 and is fixedly installed with a knob. The diameter of the housing 406 is larger than the inner diameter of the opening.

[0032] As those skilled in the art will recognize, the damping mechanism 4, through the internal threaded seat 405, housing 406, sliding screw 407, and abutment bracket 408, constitutes a convenient structure for adjusting damping force and replacing friction components. Rotating the sliding screw 407 drives the abutment bracket 408 to press or release the upper tray 403, thereby infinitely adjusting the pressure between the friction disc 402 and the friction wheel 404, ultimately changing the damping magnitude to adapt to wear under different wind and sand conditions or different regional climate characteristics. The entire housing 406 can be unscrewed from above, allowing easily worn parts such as the friction disc 402 and friction wheel 404 to be quickly replaced without disassembling the main structure, greatly simplifying subsequent maintenance work and reducing the maintenance cost throughout the entire life cycle.

[0033] Furthermore, the cleaning mechanism 6 includes a working shell 601. The top of the working shell 601 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the vertical arm 202, and the bottom end of the working shell 601 is fixedly connected to the top end of the condensation section 103. The bottom end of the threaded shaft 203 extends into the working shell 601 and is fixedly fitted with a large gear 602. The top of the inner cavity of the working shell 601 is rotatably connected to a rotating rod 603 via a bearing. The outer side of the rotating rod 603 is fixedly fitted with a small gear 604 that meshes with the large gear 602. A gear ring 606 is slidably connected inside the annular cavity inside the working shell 601. The bottom end of the rotating rod 603 is fixedly fitted with a second drive gear 605 that cooperates with the gear ring 606. A limit ring 609 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the gear ring 606. A shielding ring 608 is movably fitted on the outer side of the bottom end of the working shell 601. The bottom end of the limit ring 609 is fixedly connected to the top of the shielding ring 608.

[0034] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the cleaning mechanism 6 is cleverly linked with the threaded shaft 203 of the lifting drive mechanism of the protective cover. Its beneficial effect lies in achieving synchronous self-cleaning during the protection process. When the inner movable protective cover 205 moves down to prepare for closing, the rotation of the threaded shaft 203 is transmitted through a series of gears, including the large gear 602 and the small gear 604, ultimately driving the gear ring 606 to rotate and scrape the scraping strip 607 along the surface of the heat sink 104 and the heat sink 106. This design ensures that before each protective closure, dust, sand, and other debris that hinders heat dissipation accumulated on the heat sink surface are automatically removed and discharged via the base 105. This guarantees that the heat sink 106 remains clean when the protective cover is open during the cold season, thereby maintaining the continuous and efficient heat dissipation capacity of the heat pipe condensation section 103 and solving the persistent problem of heat pipe performance degradation due to dust accumulation in high-altitude, windy, and sandy areas.

[0035] Furthermore, a scraper 607 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shielding ring 608, and the outer side of the scraper 607 is in contact with the surface of the heat sink 104 and the upper and lower surfaces and outer peripheral surfaces of the heat sink 106.

[0036] As those skilled in the art will understand, the scraping strip 607 is designed to fully conform to the surface of the heat sink 104 and the upper, lower, and outer peripheral surfaces of the heat sink 106. This three-dimensional conforming cleaning design ensures that the scraping strip 607 cleans without any blind spots, effectively removing dirt adhering to all major heat exchange surfaces of the heat sink 106, achieving a cleaning effect far exceeding simple side scraping. Combined with the limiting and connecting function of the shielding ring 608, the entire cleaning mechanism operates stably and with precise trajectory, thereby achieving comprehensive, thorough, and efficient automatic cleaning of the heat dissipation mechanism.

[0037] In summary, when using this controllable cold zone maintenance device for the plateau permafrost region, the heat absorption section 101 and the evaporation section 102 of the heat rod body 1 are buried deep underground, while the condensation section 103 is located above the ground surface. The working principle of the heat pipe is as follows: When the ambient temperature is lower than the temperature of the underground permafrost in winter, the heat absorption section 101 located underground absorbs heat from the permafrost and conducts it to the evaporation section 102. The working fluid inside the evaporation section 102 absorbs heat and evaporates. The steam flows upward to the condensation section 103. The heat dissipation sleeve 104 and heat dissipation fins 106 on the outside of the condensation section 103 conduct forced convection heat exchange with the outside cold air, so that the steam releases heat inside the condensation section 103 and condenses into liquid. The liquid working fluid flows back to the evaporation section 102 along the inner wall of the heat pipe body 1 under the action of gravity, completing one cycle and continuously transporting underground heat to the surface for dissipation, keeping the permafrost in a frozen state. When the ambient temperature is higher than the underground permafrost temperature during the warm season, the working fluid inside the heat pipe body 1 stops circulating naturally due to the temperature difference reversal. At this time, the protective structure 2 is used to block the backflow of external heat and prevent the permafrost from heating up and melting. During the warm season, when the ambient temperature is high, the external temperature is conducted to the medium inside the working cylinder 301 through the heat conductor 302. The medium expands due to heat, which pushes the piston block 303 and piston column 304 downward. This causes the piston column 304 to push the pressure plate 305 downward against the supporting force of the spring 308. The pressure plate 305 then pushes the rack 307 downward. As the rack 307 moves downward, it drives the rotating shaft 502 to rotate through the first drive gear 503. The rotating shaft 502 then drives the large bevel gear 504 to drive the small bevel gear 505 and the threaded shaft 203 to rotate. However, the rotating shaft 502 cannot drive the second bevel gear 508 to drive the transmission shaft 507 to rotate through the one-way bearing 506, and therefore is not affected by the damping effect of the damping mechanism 4. When the threaded shaft 203 rotates, it drives the guide frame 204 to move downwards, which in turn drives the inner moving protective cover 205 to move downwards. Furthermore, the rotation of the threaded shaft 203 drives the large gear 602 to rotate, which in turn drives the small gear 604 to rotate. The small gear 604, through the rotating rod 603, drives the second driving gear 605 to rotate. This, in turn, drives the gear ring 606 to move circumferentially within the annular cavity. Consequently, the gear ring 606 drives the limiting ring 609, the shielding ring 608, and the scraper bar 607 to move circumferentially, causing the scraper bar 607 to impact the heat sink 1. Dust and other obstructions on the surface of the heat sink 106 are scraped off. When the inner moving protective cover 205 moves down, it can cover the outside of the scraping strip 607 and the heat sink 106. The scraped cleaned material is discharged through the inclined surface from the middle to the outer periphery on the surface of the base 105 until the inner moving protective cover 205 covers the heat sink 106 and the heat sink sleeve 104. Through the solar reflective coating on the surface of the inner moving protective cover 205 and the fact that the inner moving protective cover 205 is made of heat insulation material, the heat dissipation structure of the condensation section 103 is isolated from the external environment, which has the effect of blocking heat radiation and heat convection backflow and maintaining the stability of the cold amount of the frozen soil. In the high-altitude environment with large diurnal temperature differences, the ambient temperature rises rapidly during the day, causing the medium inside the working cylinder 301 to expand due to heat. This drives the inner movable protective cover 205 to quickly move downwards and close, providing shade, heat insulation, and sealing protection for the condensation section 103, preventing strong daytime radiant heat from penetrating the permafrost. At night, the ambient temperature drops rapidly, causing the medium to contract upon cooling. The spring 308 pushes the pressure plate 305 and rack 307 upwards, causing the inner movable protective cover 205 to slowly move upwards, exposing the heat sink 106 back to the low-temperature air. This utilizes the nighttime cooling energy to passively dissipate heat from the condensation section 103, replenishing the underground cold storage. The device, with the help of the damping mechanism 4, avoids the inner movable protective cover 205 from frequently opening and closing due to short-period fluctuations in diurnal temperature, ensuring stable operation of the heat pipe and adapting to the harsh climatic conditions of large temperature differences and rapid temperature changes on the plateau. During the transition between warm and cold seasons, the ambient temperature gradually decreases. At this time, the external temperature is conducted to the medium inside the working cylinder 301 through the temperature heat conductor 302. As the medium temperature decreases, it gradually contracts. At this time, the spring 308 pushes the pressure plate 305 to move upward, which in turn pushes the piston column 304 and piston block 303 to move upward. The pressure plate 305 drives the rack 307 to move upward, which in turn drives the first drive gear 503 to drive the rotating shaft 502 to rotate in the opposite direction. The rotating shaft 502 drives the small bevel gear 505 to rotate, which in turn drives the threaded shaft 203 to rotate in the opposite direction. This drives the guide frame 204 through the threaded shaft 203 to move the inner moving protective cover 205 upward, exposing the heat sink 104 and heat sink 106 to the external environment. When the rotating shaft 502 rotates, the rotating shaft 502 can drive the second bevel gear 508 to drive the transmission shaft 507 to rotate through the one-way bearing 506. The transmission shaft 507 drives the friction wheel 404 to rotate through the spline groove 409 and the spline component. The friction wheel 404 rotates between the two friction discs 402. Through the friction between the friction discs 402 and the friction wheel 404, damping and hysteresis are applied to the rack 307 and the pressure plate 305, and the piston column 304 and the piston block 303. When the friction disc 402 needs to be replaced, unscrew the housing 406 to move it out of the internal threaded seat 405. Then, remove the upper tray 403, friction disc 402, and friction wheel 404 from the outside of the drive shaft 507. Next, remove the friction disc 402 from the lower tray 401 and place the new friction disc 402 on top of the lower tray 401. Then, insert the spline component inside the friction wheel 404 through the top of the spline groove 409 into the spline groove 409, so that the friction wheel 404 is fitted onto the outside of the drive shaft 507. Finally, fit the friction disc 402 onto the drive shaft 507. The outer side of the moving shaft 507 is positioned so that the friction disc 402 is above the friction wheel 404. Then, the upper tray 403 is placed above the friction disc 402. Next, the housing 406 is screwed into the internal thread seat 405. Then, the knob of the sliding screw 407 is turned, which drives the abutment 408 to move down, pressing the upper tray 403 and the friction disc 402 down onto the friction wheel 404. As the usage time increases, the friction between the friction wheel 404 and the friction disc 402 can be adjusted by turning the sliding screw 407, thereby adjusting the damping force of the damping mechanism 4. Several positioning pins are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the upper tray 403 and the lower tray 401, and several positioning holes are opened on the surface of the friction disc 402. The positioning pins and positioning holes cooperate to prevent the friction disc 402 from rotating.

[0038] Example 2 Please see Figure 9 The present invention provides a technical solution: the inner movable protective cover 205 can be used as a support to carry a semiconductor cooling chip 7. Several one-way drain pipes 8 are fixedly installed at the bottom end of the inner movable protective cover 205. The water inlet end of the one-way drain pipe 8 is located above the base 105 during use. Thus, in the warm season, the inner movable protective cover 205 moves down to cover the outside of the heat dissipation mechanism. The semiconductor cooling chip 7 cools the inner cavity space of the inner movable protective cover 205. The condensate is introduced into the water inlet end of the one-way drain pipe 8 through the base 105, enters the one-way drain pipe 8 through the water inlet end of the one-way drain pipe 8, and is then discharged through the drain end of the one-way drain pipe 8. This embodiment integrates the functions of sunshade and heat insulation protection with active cooling by mounting a semiconductor cooling chip 7 on the outside of the inner movable protective cover 205. It simultaneously achieves the dual purpose of blocking the backflow of external heat in the warm season and forcibly reducing the temperature of the condensation section 103. It takes into account both the protection needs of conventional frozen soil road sections and the enhanced cold preservation needs of high-temperature and fragile frozen soil road sections, with a wider range of applications and better temperature control effect.

[0039] During the warm season, the internal movable protective cover 205 covers the heat sink 106 and the heat sink sleeve 104, which can effectively block solar radiation, weaken air convection heat transfer, reduce the intrusion of external heat into the ground, and meet the engineering requirements of reducing heat absorption and backflow in conventional permafrost areas.

[0040] The example uses a semiconductor cooling chip 7 to actively cool the inner cavity of the inner movable protective cover 205, which can further reduce the temperature of the condensing section 103, forcibly maintain a reasonable temperature difference inside the heat pipe, and prevent heat from seeping back into the frozen soil. This meets the engineering requirements for forced heat dissipation and cold preservation in harsh road sections such as sunny slopes, high heat loads, and shallow frozen soil.

[0041] By setting a one-way drain pipe 8 in conjunction with the base 105, the condensate generated by the operation of the semiconductor cooling chip 7 can be discharged in a directional manner, preventing water accumulation and freezing in the inner cavity from affecting the cooling and heat exchange efficiency, and improving the operational stability of the device under complex climate conditions at high altitudes.

[0042] The medium filling the medium working cylinder 301 in this device is a phase change medium or expansion medium with a large expansion coefficient, stable temperature sensitivity, non-solidification at low temperatures, and strong adaptability to high-altitude environments. It is preferably kerosene, diesel, xylene, ethylene glycol, or fluorocarbon inert medium, and more preferably a mixture of kerosene and ethylene glycol.

[0043] The effective operating temperature range of this medium is -40℃ to +60℃, which fully covers the annual environmental temperature variation range in the plateau permafrost region.

[0044] When the ambient temperature is above the warm season threshold of 0℃ to +5℃, the medium expands in volume due to heat, pushing the piston block 303 downward and triggering the protective cover to close. When the ambient temperature is below the cold season threshold of 0℃ to -5℃, the medium shrinks in volume when it gets cold, and with the spring 308 resetting, it pushes the piston block 303 to move upward, triggering the protective cover to open.

[0045] The device can adapt to the temperature triggering requirements of different regions and altitudes by adjusting the medium ratio and medium filling volume. It requires no electrical control or sensors and operates stably in a purely mechanical, passive manner.

[0046] The thrust generated by the thermal expansion of the medium is transmitted to the first drive gear 503 via the piston block 303, piston column 304, pressure plate 305, and rack 307, and then the torque is amplified by the large bevel gear 504, small bevel gear 505, and threaded shaft 203.

[0047] The threaded shaft 203 adopts a small lead trapezoidal thread, which has the characteristics of force amplification, self-locking and smoothness. It can convert the small linear displacement of the medium into a sufficiently large rotational torque, and reliably drive the inner moving protective cover 205 to lift and the cleaning mechanism 6 to rotate and clean.

[0048] Throughout the entire temperature range at high altitudes, the expansion force of the medium and the restoring force of spring 308 are always greater than the resistance to movement of the device, ensuring smooth and unhindered movement. The driving force is sufficient, the action is reliable, and the response is timely, which can guarantee the long-term stable operation of the device in an environment ranging from -40℃ to +60℃.

[0049] The supporting force of spring 308 is matched and selected according to the expansion thrust of the medium and the motion resistance of the system to ensure reliable operation and smooth opening and closing under different temperature conditions.

[0050] The preload support force of spring 308 is slightly less than the maximum thrust generated by the medium at the warm season trigger temperature, ensuring that when the ambient temperature rises, the expansion thrust of the medium can reliably overcome the support force of spring 308, push the pressure plate 305 and rack 307 downward, and realize the smooth closing of the inner moving protective cover 205.

[0051] The maximum reset force of spring 308 is greater than the total resistance of the protective cover upward movement, transmission mechanism 5, and damping mechanism 4, ensuring that when the ambient temperature decreases and the medium contracts, spring 308 can reliably push pressure plate 305 and piston block 303 to reset, thereby driving the inner moving protective cover 205 to move upward smoothly and open.

[0052] By controlling the wire diameter, number of coils, stiffness, and pre-compression of spring 308, a stable force balance is achieved between the supporting force of spring 308 and the thrust of the medium. High Temperatures During Warm Seasons: Medium Thrust > Spring 308 Support Force + System Resistance → Protective Cover Closes In cold seasons and at low temperatures: Spring 308's return force > system resistance → protective cover opens. Day and night fluctuation range: The force of spring 308, combined with the damping mechanism 4, creates hysteresis to avoid frequent movements. The 308 spring is made of 308 steel, which is resistant to low temperatures, fatigue, and has high stability. It maintains stable elasticity, does not break or decay in the extreme temperature range of -40℃ to +60℃ at high altitudes, and does not require replacement for long-term use, ensuring reliable operation throughout the entire life cycle of the device.

[0053] All standard parts used in this application can be purchased from the market, and can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art. The installation methods between equipment are also the same as conventional installation methods in the prior art. For example, the two ends of shaft-shaped parts are connected by bearings, the connection position of valve components is provided with anti-leakage rubber strips, the outside of threaded rods or lead rods is provided with dust covers, and the equipment can be driven by either built-in batteries or external power supply. The control method is automatic control by a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art and is common knowledge in the field. Since this invention is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, this invention will not explain the control method and circuit connection in detail. The external controller mentioned in the specification can play a control role for the electrical components mentioned herein, and the external controller is a conventional known device.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions, characterized in that: The device includes a heat pipe body (1), a protective structure (2) for opening and closing heat insulation protection of the condensing section (103) is installed on the top of the heat pipe body (1), a transmission mechanism (5) for transmitting temperature driving action is installed on the top of the protective structure (2), an environmental sensor (3) for passively sensing the ambient temperature and driving the mechanism action is installed on the top of the transmission mechanism (5), a damping mechanism (4) for damping and delaying the upward movement of the inner moving protective cover (205) and preventing frequent opening and closing is installed on the top of the transmission mechanism (5) and on the side of the environmental sensor (3), and a cleaning mechanism (6) for automatically removing debris from the surface of the heat dissipation structure and ensuring heat dissipation efficiency is installed on the top of the heat pipe body (1) and inside the protective structure (2). The heat pipe body (1) includes a heat-absorbing section (101) for absorbing heat from the underground frozen soil. An evaporation section (102) for absorbing heat and evaporating the working fluid is fixedly installed at the top of the heat-absorbing section (101). A condensation section (103) for releasing heat and condensing the working fluid is fixedly installed at the top of the evaporation section (102). A heat dissipation sleeve (104) for enhancing heat transfer is fixedly installed on the outside of the condensation section (103). Several heat dissipation fins (106) for increasing the heat dissipation area and improving the heat dissipation efficiency are fixedly installed on the outside of the heat dissipation sleeve (104). A base (105) for receiving debris and condensate and guiding it out is fixedly installed on the outside of the condensation section (103) and below the heat dissipation sleeve (104). The protective structure (2) includes a vertical arm (202). The top of the cleaning mechanism (6) is fixedly installed with the vertical arm (202). The interior of the vertical arm (202) is rotatably connected by a bearing to a threaded shaft (203) for converting rotational motion into linear lifting motion. The outer side of the threaded shaft (203) is equipped with a guide frame (204) for driving the protective cover to move up and down. The two ends of the guide frame (204) extend to the left and right sides of the vertical arm (202) respectively. The top of the vertical arm (202) is fixedly installed with an outer fixed protective cover (201) for upper protection and positioning support. The inner wall of the outer fixed protective cover (201) is placed with an inner movable protective cover (205) for covering the heat dissipation structure and blocking external heat radiation and heat convection. Both ends of the guide frame (204) are connected to the inner wall of the inner movable protective cover (205). The inner diameter of the inner movable protective cover (205) is larger than the outer diameter of the heat sink (106).

2. The controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental sensor (3) includes a medium working cylinder (301) for containing a temperature-sensitive medium and realizing thermal expansion and contraction deformation, and a guide box (306). The guide box (306) is fixedly installed on the top of the transmission mechanism (5). The medium working cylinder (301) is installed on the top of the guide box (306). A temperature heat conductor (302) for rapidly conducting the ambient temperature is embedded on the top of the medium working cylinder (301). A piston block (303) for generating linear displacement when the medium expands / contracts is slidably installed inside the medium working cylinder (301). A piston column (304) for transmitting displacement thrust is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the piston block (303). The bottom end of the piston column (304) extends into the guide box (306) and is fixedly installed with a pressure plate (305) for driving the rack (307) to move. The space inside the medium working cylinder (301) and above the piston block (303) is filled with a medium for sensing temperature and generating expansion / contraction deformation.

3. The controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the inner cavity of the guide box (306) is fixedly installed with a spring (308) for pushing the piston block (303) and the pressure plate (305) to reset when the temperature drops, thereby opening the inner moving protective cover (205). The top of the spring (308) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure plate (305). The bottom end of the pressure plate (305) is fixedly installed with a rack (307) for converting linear motion into rotational motion and driving the transmission mechanism (5) to move.

4. The controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (5) includes a transmission seat (501). The transmission seat (501) is fixedly installed on the top of the outer fixed protective cover (201). The bottom end of the rack (307) extends into the interior of the transmission seat (501). A rotating shaft (502) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the transmission seat (501) via a bearing. A first drive gear (503) for meshing with the rack (307) and receiving driving power is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft (502). The first drive gear (503) cooperates with the rack (307). A torque transmission and modification mechanism is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft (502). A large bevel gear (504) with variable transmission direction, the top end of the threaded shaft (203) extends into the transmission seat (501) and is fixedly fitted with a small bevel gear (505), the small bevel gear (505) meshes with the large bevel gear (504), the bottom of the inner cavity of the transmission seat (501) is rotatably connected to the transmission shaft (507) through a bearing, a one-way bearing (506) for realizing the one-way transmission function of downward undamped and upward damped is installed on the outside of the rotating shaft (502), and a second bevel gear (508) meshing with the one-way bearing (506) and the transmission shaft (507) is installed on the outside of both the one-way bearing (506) and the transmission shaft (507).

5. The controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The damping mechanism (4) includes an internal thread seat (405), which is fixedly installed above the opening at the top of the transmission seat (501). A lower tray (401) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft (507). A friction wheel (404) for cooperating with the friction disc (402) to generate damping torque and achieve hysteresis function is movably sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft (507) and above the lower tray (401). A flower is fixedly installed on the inner side of the friction wheel (404). The transmission shaft (507) has a spline groove (409) extending through to the top of the transmission shaft (507) on its outer side, and one end of the spline is inserted into the spline groove (409). An upper tray (403) is movably sleeved on the outer side of the transmission shaft (507) and above the friction wheel (404). The inner cavities of the upper tray (403) and the lower tray (401) are both equipped with friction discs (402) for contacting the friction wheel (404) to generate friction and provide stable damping.

6. The controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The internal thread of the internal thread seat (405) is connected to the housing (406) by the internal thread, and the housing (406) is rotatably connected to a sliding screw (407) for adjusting the damping pressure and changing the damping torque by bearing. The outer thread of the sliding screw (407) is connected to a retainer (408) for pressing the upper tray (403) and adjusting the clamping force between the friction disc (402) and the friction wheel (404). The bottom ends of both ends of the retainer (408) extend into the transmission seat (501) and contact the top of the upper tray (403). The top end of the sliding screw (407) extends to the top of the housing (406) and is fixedly installed with a knob. The diameter of the housing (406) is larger than the inner diameter of the opening.

7. The controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism (6) includes a working shell (601), the top of which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the vertical arm (202), and the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the top of the condensation section (103). The bottom of the threaded shaft (203) extends into the working shell (601) and is fixedly fitted with a large gear (602) for receiving the driving power of the inner moving protective cover (205) and driving the cleaning mechanism (6) to move synchronously. The top of the inner cavity of the working shell (601) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (603) through a bearing. The outer side of the rotating rod (603) is fixed. A small gear (604) meshes with a large gear (602). A gear ring (606) for driving a scraper (607) to perform circumferential cleaning motion is slidably connected inside the annular cavity inside the working housing (601). A second drive gear (605) that cooperates with the gear ring (606) is fixedly sleeved at the bottom end of the rotating rod (603). A limit ring (609) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the gear ring (606). A shielding ring (608) is movably sleeved on the outer side of the bottom end of the working housing (601). The bottom end of the limit ring (609) is fixedly connected to the top of the shielding ring (608).

8. A controllable cold zone maintenance device for plateau permafrost regions according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the shielding ring (608) is fixedly equipped with a scraper (607) for adhering to the surface of the heat dissipation structure and completely removing dust, snow and gravel. The outer side of the scraper (607) is in contact with the surface of the heat dissipation sleeve (104) and the upper and lower surfaces and outer peripheral surfaces of the heat dissipation fins (106).

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