Biological fertilizer for resisting continuous cropping obstacles of panax notoginseng and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of anti-ginseng continuous cropping obstacles biological fertilizer and its preparation method, belong to biological fertilizer technical field.The scheme with ginseng dregs and corn stalk as main organic matrix, in combination with humic acid, slow-release nitrogen source and composite rotten bacteria group, is prepared by specific aerobic fermentation process;Compound rotten bacteria group includes bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and EM complex bacteria, slow-release nitrogen source is urea formaldehyde, also add trace element additive containing zinc sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, preparation process includes raw material pretreatment, mixed deployment, inoculation, aerobic fermentation, aging post-processing, functional component addition, granulation drying and the like step.The present application can realize synergistic effect to overcome continuous cropping obstacles, precise matching long-term demand of fertilizer efficiency, safety and environmental protection and resource utilization, and significantly improve the yield and quality of ginseng.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bio-fertilizer technology, specifically relating to a bio-fertilizer that resists the obstacle of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Panax notoginseng, a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb, has roots, stems, and leaves that can all be used medicinally. It possesses significant medicinal effects such as promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, reducing swelling, and relieving pain, holding an irreplaceable strategic position in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. With the continuous increase in market demand for Panax notoginseng, its cultivation industry has developed into an important pillar industry of characteristic agriculture in Yunnan, Wenshan, and other regions, with extremely significant economic and social benefits. However, the Panax notoginseng cultivation industry has long faced the problem of continuous cropping obstacles.

[0003] To address the technical challenge of continuous cropping obstacles in Panax notoginseng, the industry has explored and applied various existing technological solutions. Crop rotation or fallow is the most traditional and widely adopted strategy. Its core principle lies in breaking the continuous accumulation chain of pathogenic microorganisms by planting non-host crops in different years, allowing the soil to recover in stages. However, for production areas with high land transfer costs and limited planting scale, the opportunity cost loss caused by several years of crop rotation is often unbearable. Moreover, crop rotation can only achieve phased restoration of the topsoil and cannot fundamentally eliminate the micro-ecological imbalance of degraded soil. When Panax notoginseng is replanted, the continuous cropping obstacle will quickly recur.

[0004] Chemical soil disinfection is another mainstream technique. Soil fumigants, such as methyl bromide, release toxic gases that penetrate deep into the soil, broadly killing pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and weed seeds, significantly reducing the initial pathogen population in the soil in a short period. This technology has indeed played an important role in treating severely diseased fields. However, while killing pathogens, methyl bromide also indiscriminately kills beneficial microbial communities inherent in the soil, such as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, leading to a sharp decline in soil microbial diversity and irreversible damage to the microecological structure. Furthermore, the accumulation of chemical residues has a negative impact on the local ecological environment.

[0005] In addition, the application of conventional organic fertilizers is currently the most common soil improvement and fertilization measure in agricultural production. Organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw, after being decomposed, can, to some extent, replenish soil organic matter, improve soil physical structure, and provide basic nutrients for plants. However, commercially available conventional organic fertilizers have technical risks in their application: the decomposition process of organic materials is often incomplete, and secondary fermentation may occur under the action of microorganisms after application to the soil, releasing large amounts of heat and harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, easily causing "root and seedling burn," posing a serious threat to root-sensitive crops like Panax notoginseng; at the same time, the nutrient release pattern of conventional organic fertilizers is relatively simple, with the mineralization rate of organic nitrogen reaching its peak in the initial stage of application and then rapidly declining, failing to effectively match the three-to-four-year growth cycle of Panax notoginseng and its dynamic nutrient requirements at different growth stages. Specifically, in the first year after planting, Panax notoginseng is mainly focused on root elongation and above-ground growth, and its nitrogen demand is relatively mild. The second and third years are the period of rapid growth of the above-ground parts and root expansion, during which the demand for fertilizer reaches its peak. However, the excessive amount of fast-acting nitrogen released by conventional organic fertilizer in the first year will inhibit the normal development of the root system, resulting in a reduction of fibrous roots and hindered growth of the taproot. By the time the peak demand for fertilizer arrives, the effective nutrients in the soil have been exhausted, and the plant is forced into a state of "nutrient deficiency", which is manifested by yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and a double decline in yield and quality.

[0006] In summary, existing technical solutions are either limited by resource constraints and insufficient remediation depth, or come at the cost of sacrificing soil ecological balance, or have insurmountable defects in fertilizer products. None of them can provide a comprehensive technical solution that can simultaneously achieve fundamental improvement of soil microecology, effective inhibition of harmful pathogens, and precise matching of nutrient supply with the long growth cycle of Panax notoginseng. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Traditional technologies such as crop rotation and fallow, chemical soil disinfection, and conventional organic fertilizer application cannot simultaneously address multiple technical objectives, including soil ecological restoration, effective disease control, and precise nutrient supply. This invention provides a bio-fertilizer and its preparation method for combating the continuous cropping obstacle of Panax notoginseng. This bio-fertilizer uses Panax notoginseng residue (a traditional Chinese medicine waste) and corn stalks (an agricultural waste) as the main organic matrix, combined with humic acid, slow-release nitrogen sources, and a complex composting microbial community, prepared through a specific aerobic fermentation process. It synergistically achieves multiple functions, including soil microecological improvement, pathogen inhibition, and long-term slow-release of nutrients, fundamentally solving the technical challenges of Panax notoginseng continuous cropping obstacles.

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a Panax notoginseng bio-fertilizer with anti-continuous cropping obstacle function, characterized in that it comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Panax notoginseng residue: 35 to 45 parts by weight; Corn stalks: 25 to 35 parts by weight; Humic acid: 8 to 12 parts by weight; Compound composting microbial community: 2 to 4 parts by weight; Slow-release nitrogen source: 10 to 15 parts by weight.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bio-fertilizer comprises 35 to 45 parts by weight of Panax notoginseng residue, preferably 40 parts by weight; 25 to 35 parts by weight of corn stalks, preferably 30 parts by weight; 8 to 12 parts by weight of humic acid, preferably 10 parts by weight; 2 to 4 parts by weight of the compound composting microbial community, preferably 3 parts by weight; and 10 to 15 parts by weight of the slow-release nitrogen source, preferably 12 parts by weight. The viable concentration of the compound composting microbial community is CFU / g (colony forming units / gram), and inoculation at 2 to 4 parts by weight is equivalent to inoculating 2 to 4 CFU per ton of material. This formulation achieves optimal synergy among the functional components, enabling continuous soil improvement, disease control, and nutrient supply throughout the entire growth cycle of Panax notoginseng.

[0010] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned compound composting microbial community includes the following microbial species in weight percentages: Bacillus subtilis: 35 to 45% by weight, preferably 40% by weight; Trichoderma harzianum: 25 to 35% by weight, preferably 30% by weight; EM compound bacteria: 25 to 35% by weight, preferably 30% by weight.

[0011] Furthermore, the EM compound bacteria (comprising 30% by weight of the compound composting microbial community as a whole) comprises 30% by weight photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris), 40% by weight lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum), and 30% by weight yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Photosynthetic bacteria can perform photosynthesis, fixing atmospheric nitrogen and producing bioactive substances; lactic acid bacteria can produce lactic acid, lowering soil pH and inhibiting pathogen growth; and yeast can produce vitamins and amino acids, promoting plant growth.

[0012] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned slow-release nitrogen source is urea-formaldehyde.

[0013] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned bio-fertilizer further includes 2 to 5 parts by weight of trace element additives. The humic acid is mineral-derived humic acid, with a humic acid content ≥60% (on a dry basis), a pH value of 5.0 to 7.0, and a water solubility ≥40%. The mineral-derived humic acid originates from lignite or weathered coal and, after activation treatment, possesses high biological activity, effectively improving soil structure and increasing soil cation exchange capacity. The trace element additives include at least two of zinc sulfate, borax, and ferrous sulfate.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned bio-fertilizer, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1, raw material pretreatment: crush the Panax notoginseng residue and corn stalks into particles of 0.5 to 2.0 cm in diameter, mix them, and adjust the total moisture content of the materials to 55 to 65% by weight. Step 2, Mixing and blending: Mix the pretreated Panax notoginseng residue, corn stalks and humic acid evenly according to the predetermined ratio; Step 3, inoculation: The compound composting microbial community is evenly inoculated into the mixture obtained in Step 2; Step 4, Aerobic Fermentation: The inoculated material is piled into a trapezoidal pile and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 55 to 65 degrees Celsius for 20 to 30 days. During this period, the pile is turned over to control the temperature. Step 5, post-aging treatment: After fermentation, spread the material out for natural aging for 10 to 15 days and adjust the moisture content to 30 to 40% by weight. Step 6, Addition of functional components: The slow-release nitrogen source and trace element additives are uniformly mixed into the aged material; Step 7, Granulation and Drying: The mixture is granulated into particles of 2.0 to 4.0 mm using a disc granulator. After drying, the moisture content of the material is reduced to below 12% by weight to obtain the finished product.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: First, synergistic effects effectively overcome continuous cropping obstacles. This invention combines and ferments organic substrates such as Panax notoginseng residue, a complex microbial community centered on Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis, and humic acid. Trichoderma harzianum produces cell wall degrading enzymes such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, which entangle and parasitize the mycelium of pathogenic fungi, thereby disrupting the normal growth and reproduction of pathogens. Bacillus subtilis produces various antibacterial substances such as subtilisin and surfactants, while its metabolites promote plant root growth and enhance plant resistance. The two form spatially complementary colonization sites in the same soil environment: Trichoderma harzianum mainly colonizes the surface of plant roots and soil organic matter sites, while Bacillus subtilis mainly colonizes endophytic sites in the roots. Through nutrient competition and synergistic inhibition of pathogen growth by their metabolites, the two work together to improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, and enhance soil microbial diversity. The synergistic effect of the three components significantly improved the rhizosphere microecological environment of Panax notoginseng, fundamentally alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping, and the effect was far superior to the simple superposition of the components.

[0016] Secondly, the fertilizer effect is precisely matched to meet long-term needs. This invention introduces urea-formaldehyde as a slow-release nitrogen source, with a nitrogen release cycle of up to 60 to 90 days. Combined with the continuous mineralization of the organic matrix by microorganisms, it forms a nutrient supply model of "fast-acting plus slow-acting plus long-lasting". This model is highly consistent with the nutrient requirements of Panax notoginseng during its long growth cycle and different growth stages. In the early growth stage after planting, microorganisms in the soil begin to decompose the organic matrix, releasing some fast-acting nutrients for the development of the plant roots, while urea-formaldehyde begins to slowly release nitrogen. During the peak growth period, the continuous mineralization of the organic matrix and the slow-release effect of urea-formaldehyde together provide sufficient nutrient supply. In the later growth stage, the nutrient release rate gradually slows down, matching the nutrient requirements of the declining plant growth rate. This nutrient supply model effectively avoids the technical defects of conventional fertilizers, such as excessively rapid release in the early stage and nutrient deficiency in the later stage.

[0017] Third, it is safe and environmentally friendly, achieving resource utilization. This invention uses a specific compound microbial community for thorough aerobic fermentation, completely decomposing organic materials and killing pathogens and insect eggs, avoiding the risk of root burn from secondary fermentation in traditional organic fertilizers. The high temperature generated during fermentation kills pathogenic microorganisms in the materials, while beneficial microorganisms in the compound composting microbial community remain alive after fermentation, continuing to improve the soil after being applied as fertilizer. Furthermore, this invention uses Panax notoginseng residue, a waste product from traditional Chinese medicine, as the main raw material, achieving high-value resource utilization of waste and reducing production costs.

[0018] Fourth, it significantly improves yield and quality. After applying the bio-fertilizer of this invention, the soil organic matter content is significantly increased, the soil physical structure is effectively improved, and the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity is enhanced. Simultaneously, the roots of Panax notoginseng can fully develop in the improved soil environment, with significantly increased root development and enhanced root absorption function. Furthermore, the abundant presence of beneficial microorganisms in the soil inhibits the reproduction of pathogens, reducing the incidence of diseases such as root rot caused by continuous cropping obstacles. Considering all these factors, the yield and effective component content of Panax notoginseng are effectively improved.

[0019] This invention uses specific weight parts of Panax notoginseng residue and corn stalks as organic substrates, providing abundant organic matter and carbon sources. Simultaneously, the residual saponins in the Panax notoginseng residue exhibit antibacterial activity. Specific weight parts of humic acid are used as soil conditioners to improve soil structure and enhance soil microbial diversity. Specific weight parts of slow-release nitrogen sources serve as nitrogen supply sources, achieving precise and slow nutrient release. A complex composting microbial community composed of specific weight parts and specific bacterial strains serves as a fermentation functional microbial community, ensuring the full composting of organic materials while simultaneously exerting biocontrol functions. These components are organically integrated through a specific preparation process, forming a multifunctional bio-fertilizer product. The components synergistically work together to achieve the technical effect of resisting continuous cropping obstacles.

[0020] In summary, this invention provides a bio-fertilizer and its preparation method that can synergistically improve soil microecology, effectively inhibit harmful pathogens, and precisely match nutrient supply with the long growth cycle of Panax notoginseng, effectively solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a nutrient release rate comparison chart used to illustrate the beneficial effects of the bio-fertilizer of this invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a bar chart comparing the field application effects based on the results of field comparison trials according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0024] Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of this invention uses Panax notoginseng residue (a waste product of traditional Chinese medicine) and corn stalks (a waste product of agriculture) as the main organic matrix, combined with humic acid, slow-release nitrogen source, and compound composting microorganisms, and is prepared through a specific aerobic fermentation process. This bio-fertilizer can synergistically achieve multiple functions such as soil microecological improvement, pathogen inhibition, and long-term slow release of nutrients. The following detailed examples illustrate the proportions of each component, the composition of the compound composting microorganisms, the specific parameters of the preparation process, and the technical effects of this invention.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bio-fertilizer provided by the present invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Panax notoginseng residue: 35 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 40 parts by weight; Corn stalks: 25 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 30 parts by weight; Humic acid: 8 to 12 parts by weight, preferably 10 parts by weight; Compound composting microbial community: 2 to 4 parts by weight, preferably 3 parts by weight; Slow-release nitrogen source: 10 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 12 parts by weight; Trace element additives: 2 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 3 parts by weight.

[0026] The above ratio achieves optimal synergy among the functional components, enabling them to continuously play a role in soil improvement, disease control, and nutrient supply throughout the entire growth cycle of Panax notoginseng.

[0027] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned compound composting microbial community includes the following microbial species in weight percentages: Bacillus subtilis: 35 to 45% by weight, preferably 40% by weight; Trichoderma harzianum: 25 to 35% by weight, preferably 30% by weight; EM compound bacteria: 25 to 35% by weight, preferably 30% by weight.

[0028] The formulation of this complex microbial community takes into account the synergistic symbiotic relationship between different functional microbial species. Bacillus subtilis possesses strong enzyme production and antimicrobial substance secretion capabilities, effectively decomposing macromolecular organic matter in organic materials while producing antimicrobial active substances such as subtilisin and surfactants. Trichoderma harzianum, as an important biocontrol fungus, can entangle and parasitize the mycelia of various pathogenic fungi, thereby effectively inhibiting the reproduction of major pathogens causing continuous cropping obstacles, such as Fusarium. Beneficial microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts in the EM complex can improve the soil microecological structure and promote material cycling and energy flow. When these three functional microbial communities are combined in a specific ratio, they form a complementary and synergistic complex microbial system.

[0029] The urea-formaldehyde is a powdered slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 38% to 40% (dry basis). The molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde is 1:1.2 to 1:1.5, and its water solubility at room temperature is ≤5%. Its nitrogen release cycle in soil is 60 to 90 days. Urea-formaldehyde is a classic slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. Its nitrogen release mechanism is based on the decomposition and release of the urea-formaldehyde condensation product by microorganisms, with a release cycle of up to 60 to 90 days, effectively matching the long growth cycle of Panax notoginseng. Compared with readily available nitrogen sources such as ordinary urea, the nitrogen release rate of urea-formaldehyde is regulated by soil temperature, humidity, and microbial activity, exhibiting a slow-to-steady release characteristic, effectively avoiding nutrient loss and excessive supply in the early stages caused by single application. In the bio-fertilizer system of this application, the microorganisms in the compound composting microbial community continuously produce urease while decomposing organic materials, acting on the formaldehyde condensation product of urea-formaldehyde, thus matching the nitrogen release with the mineralization rate of organic materials and optimizing the nutrient supply rhythm.

[0030] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned trace element additive includes at least two of zinc sulfate, borax, and ferrous sulfate. Specifically, the composition of the trace element additive may include: 1 to 2 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of borax, and 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate. The addition of trace elements can provide Panax notoginseng with the essential nutrients such as zinc, boron, and iron necessary for its growth and development, and promote the activation of various enzymes and the normal progress of metabolic processes in the plant. Zinc participates in the synthesis of auxin and the process of photosynthesis in plants; boron plays an important role in the formation of plant cell walls and pollen tube elongation; iron is an essential component for chlorophyll synthesis and various oxidases.

[0031] The preparation method of the bio-fertilizer of the present invention is described in detail below.

[0032] Step 1, raw material pretreatment: crush the Panax notoginseng residue and corn stalks into particles ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 cm in size, preferably from 0.8 to 1.5 cm. After mixing, adjust the total moisture content of the materials to 55 to 65% by weight, preferably 60% by weight.

[0033] Panax notoginseng residue is a waste product generated during the processing of Panax notoginseng medicinal materials, mainly containing root residue, stem and leaf residue, and some incompletely extracted active ingredients. This invention uses Panax notoginseng residue as the main organic matrix for bio-fertilizer. On the one hand, it realizes the resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine waste and reduces production costs; on the other hand, the residual saponins in Panax notoginseng residue have certain antibacterial activity and can continuously exert a disease-inhibiting effect in the soil. Corn stalks, as agricultural waste, are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, making them a high-quality source of organic material. Crushing Panax notoginseng residue and corn stalks separately to a particle size range of 0.5 to 2.0 cm increases the specific surface area of ​​the materials, promotes the contact area between microorganisms and organic materials, and accelerates the fermentation process. After mixing, adjusting the total moisture content of the materials to 55 to 65% by weight provides a suitable moisture environment for the growth and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms. A moisture content below 55% by weight leads to decreased microbial activity and incomplete fermentation; a moisture content above 65% by weight affects the permeability of the compost pile, leading to anaerobic fermentation and the production of odorous substances.

[0034] Step Two, Mixing and Blending: The pretreated Panax notoginseng residue, corn stalks, and humic acid are mixed evenly according to the specified ratio. Specifically, 40 parts by weight of Panax notoginseng residue, 30 parts by weight of corn stalks, and 10 parts by weight of humic acid are thoroughly mixed. The humic acid used in this invention is mineral-derived humic acid (from lignite), with a humic acid content of 60% to 70%, a pH value of 5.5 to 6.5, and a water solubility of 40% to 50%. Humic acid, as an important functional component of this invention, has multiple functions, including improving soil structure, increasing soil cation exchange capacity, and enhancing soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. Humic acid molecules contain a large number of active functional groups such as carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups, which can form complexes with mineral elements in the soil, improving the availability of trace elements. Simultaneously, humic acid can stimulate the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, indirectly promoting plant growth. Premixing humic acid with organic materials allows the humic acid to fully penetrate the material, maximizing its soil-improving function.

[0035] Step 3, Inoculation: The compound composting microbial community is evenly inoculated into the mixture. Specifically, 3 parts by weight of the compound composting microbial community are evenly sprinkled into the mixture obtained in Step 2, and the inoculum is stirred to ensure full contact between the material and the microbial community. The viable cell concentration of the compound composting microbial community used in this invention is [missing information]. CFU / g (determined by plate count method), 3 parts by weight inoculation is equivalent to inoculation per ton of material. CFU. The inoculation amount of the compound composting microbial community directly affects the fermentation effect and product quality. Too low an inoculation amount leads to incomplete decomposition of organic materials and a prolonged fermentation cycle; too high an inoculation amount increases production costs and wastes the microbial strain. This invention controls the weight of the compound composting microbial community to 3 parts by weight, ensuring both fermentation effect and cost control. During inoculation, the compound composting microbial community should be evenly sprinkled into the material, and the mixture should be stirred to ensure full contact between the microbial strain and the material, ensuring uniform distribution of the microbial community in the material during fermentation.

[0036] Step 4, Aerobic Fermentation: The inoculated material is piled into a trapezoidal heap, 1.0 to 1.5 meters high, 2.0 to 3.0 meters wide, and the length determined by the amount of material. Aerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 55 to 65 degrees Celsius for 20 to 30 days, preferably 25 days. During this period, the heap is turned every 5 to 7 days to control the temperature within the 55 to 65 degrees Celsius range. Forced oxygen supply is provided using a blower during aerobic fermentation to maintain an oxygen concentration above 15% inside the heap, with an aeration rate of 0.5 to 1.0 cubic meters per minute per cubic meter of material. Turning is done using a loader or turner, ensuring the turning depth reaches the bottom of the heap to ensure sufficient oxygen contact. The first turning is performed after the heap temperature reaches 60 degrees Celsius, and thereafter every 5 to 7 days. During fermentation, the temperature of the pile should be maintained between 55 and 65 degrees Celsius. When the temperature exceeds 65 degrees Celsius, the pile should be turned over in time to dissipate heat.

[0037] Aerobic fermentation is the core step in the preparation process of this invention. Its purpose is to decompose large organic molecules in organic materials into smaller organic molecules and mineral nutrients through the metabolic activities of microorganisms, while simultaneously producing a large amount of humic substances and bioactive substances. During aerobic fermentation, microorganisms utilize organic matter as a carbon and energy source, undergoing respiratory metabolism and releasing a large amount of heat, thus raising the temperature of the compost pile. This increased temperature kills pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the material, improving product safety. Furthermore, the high-temperature environment accelerates the decomposition and maturation of organic materials. This invention controls the compost pile temperature within the range of 55 to 65 degrees Celsius, ensuring fermentation effectiveness while preventing the death of beneficial microorganisms due to excessively high temperatures. The fermentation cycle is set at 25 days, during which turning is performed to replenish oxygen, dissipate heat and water vapor, and maintain normal aerobic fermentation. Controlling the frequency and timing of turning is crucial for ensuring fermentation quality. Overly frequent turning increases heat loss and reduces fermentation efficiency; excessively long intervals between turnings lead to oxygen deficiency within the compost pile, resulting in anaerobic fermentation products.

[0038] Step 5, post-aging treatment: After fermentation, spread the material out for natural aging for 10 to 15 days, preferably 12 days, and adjust the moisture content to 30 to 40% by weight, preferably 35% by weight.

[0039] Post-aging is a necessary step after fermentation. The purpose of aging is to further transform the unstable organic matter in the fermented material into stable humus, while simultaneously reducing the moisture content to a suitable range for granulation. During natural aging, the microorganisms in the material continue their slow metabolic activity, producing humic substances. After aging, the material should be dark brown, without an ammonia odor, and have an earthy aroma, indicating that the organic material has been fully decomposed.

[0040] Step Six, Addition of Functional Components: The slow-release nitrogen source and trace element additives are uniformly mixed into the aged material. Specifically, 12 parts by weight of urea-formaldehyde and 3 parts by weight of trace element additives are uniformly mixed into the aged material using a twin-shaft paddle mixer at a speed of 30-50 rpm for 10-15 minutes to ensure a uniformity of mixing with a coefficient of variation ≤5%. The method for detecting uniformity of mixing is as follows: at least 5 samples are randomly selected from the mixer outlet, each weighed 10g, and the content of the target component is determined after quartering using the quartering method. The coefficient of variation of each sample's measured value is then calculated. The urea-formaldehyde used in this invention is a powdered slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 38% to 40%, a urea to formaldehyde molar ratio of 1:1.3, and a nitrogen release period of 60 to 90 days. Urea-formaldehyde is selected as the slow-release nitrogen source. Combined with the continuous mineralization of the organic matrix by microorganisms, it forms a nutrient supply model of "fast-acting plus slow-acting plus long-lasting." This model highly coincides with the nutrient requirements of Panax notoginseng during its long growth cycle and different growth stages. The addition of trace element additives provides Panax notoginseng with essential nutrients such as zinc, boron, and iron. When adding these additives, the functional components should be evenly mixed into the material to ensure that each granule of fertilizer contains sufficient amounts of these functional components.

[0041] Step 7, Granulation and Drying: The mixture is granulated into particles with a diameter range of 2.0 to 4.0 mm using a disc granulator. After drying, the moisture content of the material is reduced to below 12% by weight to obtain the finished product.

[0042] Granulation and drying is the process of turning mixed materials into granular finished products. Granular fertilizers have advantages such as ease of application, reduced dust, and uniform nutrient distribution. Using a disc granulator, materials can be granulated into uniform particles within the aforementioned particle size range. Drying reduces the material's moisture content to below 12% by weight, preventing mold growth during storage and transportation and ensuring product stability.

[0043] To demonstrate the effectiveness of the technical solution of the present invention, a detailed description is provided below through specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0044] The core microbial agents used in this invention are all commercially available products, which can be purchased from agricultural input markets or biotechnology companies. Specific details are as follows: Bacillus subtilis: Commercially available Bacillus subtilis powder (purchased from BNCC® Industrial Microbial Culture Engineering Technology Research Center, product number: BNCC194013) with an effective viable count of not less than 10 billion CFU / g. Product specifications are as follows: CFU / g.

[0045] Trichoderma harzianum: Commercially available Trichoderma harzianum spore powder (purchased from BNCC® Industrial Microbial Culture Engineering Technology Research Center, product number: BNCC336568) was selected, with an effective viable spore count of not less than 10 billion CFU / g. Product specifications are as follows: CFU / g.

[0046] EM compound bacteria: Use commercially available EM compound bacteria agent (liquid or powder) with an effective viable bacteria count of not less than 10 billion CFU / g. Product specifications are as follows: CFU / g.

[0047] EM compound bacteria mainly include photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris; purchased from BNCC® Industrial Microbial Culture Engineering Technology Research Center, No.: BNCC376257), lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum; purchased from BNCC® Industrial Microbial Culture Engineering Technology Research Center, No.: BNCC134285) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; purchased from BNCC® Industrial Microbial Culture Engineering Technology Research Center, No.: BNCC186940) and other beneficial microorganisms.

[0048] Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, they shall be performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or in accordance with the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional products.

[0049] Example 1 This embodiment prepares a bio-fertilizer resistant to continuous cropping obstacles of Panax notoginseng according to the above preparation method. The specific parameters are as follows: Raw material ratio: 40 parts by weight of Panax notoginseng residue, 30 parts by weight of corn stalks, 10 parts by weight of humic acid, and 3 parts by weight of compound composting bacteria (the viable bacteria concentration of the compound composting bacteria is 1×10¹). 0 CFU / g, 3 parts by weight inoculation is equivalent to 3×10¹³ CFU per ton of material), 12 parts by weight of urea-formaldehyde, and 3 parts by weight of trace element additives.

[0050] The complex composting microbial community consists of: Bacillus subtilis 40% by weight, Trichoderma harzianum 30% by weight, and EM complex bacteria 30% by weight. The complex bacteria include: photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris) 30% by weight, lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum) 40% by weight, and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 30% by weight.

[0051] The trace element additive consists of: 1.2 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.9 parts by weight of borax, and 0.9 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate.

[0052] Preparation process parameters: raw material particle size 0.8 to 1.5 cm, initial moisture content 60% by weight, fermentation temperature 55 to 65 degrees Celsius, fermentation cycle 25 days, turning interval 6 days, aging time 12 days, moisture content after aging 35% by weight, granulation particle size 2.0 to 4.0 mm, finished product moisture content ≤12% by weight.

[0053] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the composition ratio of the compound composting microbial community has been adjusted, specifically: Bacillus subtilis 35% by weight, Trichoderma harzianum 35% by weight, and EM compound microorganisms 30% by weight. Other parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0054] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the amount of the slow-release nitrogen source has been adjusted, specifically: 15 parts by weight of urea-formaldehyde. Other parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0055] The present invention also includes a parameter range verification experiment. Examples 4 to 7 are used to verify the combined effect of the lower and upper limits of each component, as well as the influence of individual variables on the boundary values ​​of Panax notoginseng residue.

[0056] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the amount of Panax notoginseng residue is adjusted to 35 parts by weight, corn stalks to 25 parts by weight, humic acid to 8 parts by weight, compound composting bacteria to 2 parts by weight, and slow-release nitrogen source to 10 parts by weight. Other parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0057] Example 5 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the amount of Panax notoginseng residue is adjusted to 45 parts by weight, corn stalks to 35 parts by weight, humic acid to 12 parts by weight, compound composting bacteria to 4 parts by weight, and slow-release nitrogen source to 15 parts by weight. Other parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0058] Example 6 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the amount of Panax notoginseng residue is adjusted to 35 parts by weight, while other parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0059] Example 7 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the amount of Panax notoginseng residue is adjusted to 45 parts by weight, while other parameters are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example is a control treatment using conventional organic fertilizer. It uses commercially available conventional organic fertilizer, whose main component is well-rotted cow manure, containing approximately 2% nitrogen, 1.5% phosphorus, 1.2% potassium, and 45% organic matter. The application rate is the same as the nitrogen equivalent of the bio-fertilizer in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example is a control treatment lacking the core microbial community, that is, no compound composting microbial community is added during the preparation process, and the other raw material ratios and preparation process parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example is a control treatment lacking a slow-release nitrogen source, that is, no urea-formaldehyde is added during the preparation process, and the other raw material ratios and preparation process parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example is a control treatment lacking humic acid, meaning that no humic acid was added during the preparation process, while the other raw material ratios and preparation process parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 5 This comparative example is a control treatment that lacks Panax notoginseng residue, that is, the Panax notoginseng residue is replaced with an equal amount of corn stalks, and the other raw material ratios and preparation process parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Test methods The experiment was conducted at a Panax notoginseng planting base in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The soil at the experimental site was red soil with a pH of 5.8, an organic matter content of 18.5 g / kg, a total nitrogen content of 1.2 g / kg, an available phosphorus content of 15.3 mg / kg, and a available potassium content of 98.6 mg / kg. The experiment consisted of 12 treatment groups, with three replicates per group. The plot area was 20 square meters, arranged in a randomized block design. The Panax notoginseng seedlings used were one-year-old seedlings, with a plant spacing of 15 cm × 20 cm and a planting density of 33 plants per square meter.

[0066] Each treatment group received a single application of fertilizer 1.5 kg per square meter 7 days before transplanting of Panax notoginseng. Routine field management was implemented during the experiment, without the use of any fungicides. The experiment lasted two years, with harvests conducted in the autumn of both the first and second years to measure various indicators.

[0067] Measurement indicators and methods Soil organic matter content was determined using the potassium dichromate external heating method; soil microbial counts were determined using the dilution plate count method, with bacteria using beef extract peptone medium, fungi using Martin's medium, and actinomycetes using modified Gao's No. 1 medium; soil enzyme activity was determined using spectrophotometry, with urease using the indophenol blue colorimetric method, phosphatase using the disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method, and catalase using the potassium permanganate titration method; Fusarium counts were determined using the selective medium plate count method; the root development index of Panax notoginseng was determined by measuring the total root length, root surface area, and root volume using a root scanner, and the comprehensive index was calculated; the incidence of root rot in Panax notoginseng was determined by field surveys, with statistics collected during the peak period of disease occurrence; Panax notoginseng yield was determined by plot-based measurements; and the total saponin content of Panax notoginseng was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.

[0068] Test results The experimental results were statistically analyzed in the first and second years, respectively. The table below shows the comprehensive measurement data at the time of harvest in the second year: Measurement indicators Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Soil organic matter content (grams per kilogram) 28.6 27.9 29.2 26.8 29.5 27.5 29.1 22.3 23.5 24.1 23.8 24.6 <![CDATA[Soil bacterial count (×10 6 cfu per gram)]]> 8.7 8.3 8.9 7.5 9.2 8.0 9.0 4.2 3.8 5.1 4.5 5.3 <![CDATA[Soil fungal quantity (×10 4 cfu per gram)]]> 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.8 1.8 2.5 1.9 5.8 6.2 4.5 5.2 4.8 <![CDATA[Number of soil actinomycetes (×10 5 cfu per gram)]]> 6.2 5.9 6.4 5.3 6.8 5.8 6.5 3.1 2.8 3.5 3.2 3.6 Fusarium count (×10³ CFU per gram) 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.6 1.1 0.7 4.5 5.2 3.2 4.1 3.5 Soil urease activity (mg / g / day) 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.4 3.1 2.6 3.0 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.9 2.0 Soil phosphatase activity (mg / g / day) 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.2 Root system development index 8.9 8.6 9.1 7.8 9.3 8.4 9.2 5.2 4.8 6.3 5.5 6.1 Incidence rate of root rot (percentage) 3.2 3.8 2.9 5.8 2.5 4.5 2.8 18.5 22.3 12.6 16.8 13.5 Production increase rate (percentage) 32.5 29.8 34.2 26.5 35.8 29.6 34.5 8.6 5.2 18.3 12.5 16.8 Total saponin content of Panax notoginseng (percentage) 6.8 6.5 7.0 6.2 7.2 6.5 7.1 5.2 4.8 5.8 5.4 5.6 Note: Yield increase rate refers to the percentage increase in yield relative to the control group. The control group was the treatment group that did not receive any fertilizer, and its yield was 1.85 kg per square meter.

[0069] The following conclusions can be drawn from the above experimental data: First, the soil organic matter content in each embodiment was significantly higher than that in the comparative examples. The soil organic matter content in Examples 1 to 7 reached 28.6 g / kg, 27.9 g / kg, 29.2 g / kg, 26.8 g / kg, 29.5 g / kg, 27.5 g / kg, and 29.1 g / kg, respectively, representing increases of 20.2% to 32.3% compared to the conventional organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 1, and increases of 13.9% to 25.5% compared to the treatment lacking the core microbial community in Comparative Example 2. Specifically, Example 5 (all parameters taken at their upper limits) reached the highest value of 29.5 g / kg, and Example 4 (all parameters taken at their lower limits) reached the lowest value of 26.8 g / kg, but both were still significantly higher than those in the comparative examples. This result indicates that the present invention, using Panax notoginseng residue and corn straw as organic substrates, combined with an aerobic fermentation process using a compound composting microbial community, can effectively increase soil organic matter content and improve soil fertility, and this effect can be achieved across the entire parameter range.

[0070] Second, the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes in each embodiment was significantly higher than that in the control groups, while the number of fungi was significantly lower than that in the control groups. The number of bacteria in Examples 1 to 7 reached 8.7 × 10⁻⁶. 6 8.3×10 6 8.9×10 6 7.5×10 6 9.2×10 6 8.0×10 6 and 9.0×10 6 Each gram of CFU contained 6.2 × 10⁻⁶ actinomycetes. 5 5.9×10 5 6.4×10 5 5.3×10 5 6.8×10 5 5.8×10 5 and 6.5×10 5 With each gram of CFU, the number of fungi decreased to 2.1 × 10⁻⁶. 4 2.3×10 4 2.0×10 4 2.8×10 4 1.8×10 4 2.5×10 4 and 1.9×10 4 CFU per gram. This result indicates that the composite composting microbial community of the present invention can effectively regulate the soil microbial community structure, increase the number of beneficial bacteria and actinomycetes, and inhibit the reproduction of harmful fungi, and this effect can still maintain a significant advantage at the lower limit of parameters (Examples 4 and 6).

[0071] Third, the number of Fusarium in each embodiment was significantly lower than that in each comparative example. The number of Fusarium in Examples 1 to 7 was only 0.8×10³, 0.9×10³, 0.7×10³, 1.3×10³, 0.6×10³, 1.1×10³, and 0.7×10³ CFU per gram, respectively, which was 71.1% to 86.7% lower than that of the conventional organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 1, and 75.0% to 88.5% lower than that of the treatment lacking the core microbial community in Comparative Example 2. Among them, the number of Fusarium in Example 5 (all parameters are taken at the upper limit) was the lowest, at only 0.6×10³ CFU per gram, which was a further reduction of 25% compared to Example 1. This result shows that Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in the compound composting microbial community of the present invention can effectively inhibit the reproduction of Fusarium in the soil and exert a significant biocontrol effect, and this effect can be achieved throughout the entire parameter range.

[0072] Fourth, the soil enzyme activities in each embodiment were significantly higher than those in the comparative examples. The urease activities in Examples 1 to 7 reached 2.8, 2.7, 2.9, 2.4, 3.1, 2.6, and 3.0 mg / g / day, respectively, and the phosphatase activities reached 1.6, 1.5, 1.7, 1.4, 1.8, 1.5, and 1.7 mg / g / day, respectively. Example 5 exhibited the highest enzyme activity, with urease activity reaching 3.1 mg / g / day and phosphatase activity reaching 1.8 mg / g / day. This result indicates that the bio-fertilizer of the present invention can effectively improve soil enzyme activity and promote soil material cycling and nutrient transformation.

[0073] Fifth, the root development index of each embodiment was significantly higher than that of the comparative examples. The root development indices of Examples 1 to 7 reached 8.9, 8.6, 9.1, 7.8, 9.3, 8.4, and 9.2, respectively, which were 50.0% to 78.8% higher than those of the conventional organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 1. Among them, Example 5 reached the highest value of 9.3, and Example 4 had the lowest value of 7.8, but it was still significantly higher than the 5.2 of Comparative Example 1. This result shows that the bio-fertilizer of the present invention can effectively promote the growth and development of Panax notoginseng roots and improve root absorption function, and this effect can still be maintained at the lower limit of the parameters.

[0074] Sixth, the incidence of root rot in each embodiment was significantly lower than that in the comparative examples. The incidence rates of root rot in Examples 1 to 7 were only 3.2%, 3.8%, 2.9%, 5.8%, 2.5%, 4.5%, and 2.8%, respectively, which were 68.6% to 86.5% lower than that of the conventional organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 1. Example 5 had the lowest incidence rate, at only 2.5%, which was a further reduction of 21.9% compared to Example 1. This result indicates that the bio-fertilizer of the present invention can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of root rot in Panax notoginseng, and this effect can be achieved throughout the entire parameter range.

[0075] Seventh, the yield increase rate of each embodiment was significantly higher than that of the comparative examples. The yield increase rates of Examples 1 to 7 reached 32.5%, 29.8%, 34.2%, 26.5%, 35.8%, 29.6%, and 34.5%, respectively, which were 17.9 to 27.2 percentage points higher than that of the conventional organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 1. Among them, Example 5 reached the highest value of 35.8%, which was 10.2% higher than that of Example 1. Although Example 4 had the lowest yield increase rate of 26.5%, it was still significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1 (8.6%). This result shows that the bio-fertilizer of the present invention can significantly increase the yield of Panax notoginseng, and this effect can be achieved throughout the entire parameter range.

[0076] Eighth, the total saponin content of Panax notoginseng in each embodiment was significantly higher than that in the comparative examples. The total saponin content of Panax notoginseng in Examples 1 to 7 reached 6.8%, 6.5%, 7.0%, 6.2%, 7.2%, 6.5%, and 7.1%, respectively, which was 19.2% to 38.5% higher than that of the conventional organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 1. Among them, Example 5 reached the highest value of 7.2%, which was 5.9% higher than that in Example 1. This result shows that the bio-fertilizer of the present invention can not only increase the yield of Panax notoginseng, but also significantly improve the quality of Panax notoginseng, and this effect can be achieved throughout the entire parameter range.

[0077] Ninth, regarding the verification conclusions of parameter boundary values. Although the indicators of Example 4 (all parameters taken at the lower limit) are slightly lower than those of Example 1, they are still significantly better than the comparative examples, fully demonstrating that the technical solution of the present invention remains effective at the lower limit boundary of parameters. The indicators of Example 5 (all parameters taken at the upper limit) reach or exceed those of Example 1, and some indicators, such as soil organic matter, Fusarium inhibition rate, and yield increase rate, are even better than those of Example 1, proving that the technical solution of the present invention is also effective and even more effective at the upper limit boundary of parameters. Examples 6 and 7 respectively verified the individual variable effects of Panax notoginseng residue at the lower limit of 35 parts and the upper limit of 45 parts. The results show that Panax notoginseng residue synergizes well with other components at the boundary values, further proving the rationality of the core component design of the present invention.

[0078] Tenth, the synergistic effect of each core component can be further analyzed from the comparative experimental results. In Comparative Example 2, the indicators of the treatment lacking the core microbial community were significantly lower than those of Example 1, indicating that the compound composting microbial community plays an indispensable key role in the technical solution of this invention. In Comparative Example 3, the yield increase rate of the treatment lacking the slow-release nitrogen source was only 18.3%, significantly lower than the 32.5% of Example 1, indicating that the slow-release nitrogen source plays an important role in improving the nutrient supply efficiency of fertilizer. In Comparative Example 4, the indicators of the treatment lacking humic acid were all lower than those of Example 1, indicating that humic acid plays an important role in soil improvement and microbial community regulation. In Comparative Example 5, the root rot incidence rate of the treatment lacking Panax notoginseng residue was 13.5%, significantly higher than the 3.2% of Example 1, indicating that the residual saponin components in Panax notoginseng residue have significant antibacterial activity.

[0079] Based on the above experimental data, the technical solution of this invention has a significant synergistic effect. The core components work together to achieve the technical effect of resisting continuous cropping obstacles, and its overall effect is significantly better than the simple sum of the components. The experimental data of Examples 1 to 7 fully demonstrate that the technical solution of this invention can achieve better technical effects than the comparative examples throughout the entire parameter range (35-45 parts of Panax notoginseng residue, 25-35 parts of corn straw, 8-12 parts of humic acid, 2-4 parts of compound composting microorganisms, and 10-15 parts of slow-release nitrogen source). Furthermore, to verify the slow-release nitrogen release characteristics of the bio-fertilizer of the present invention, the following nitrogen release dynamic test was conducted.

[0080] Nitrogen release dynamic test The experiment employed a soil incubation method. The bio-fertilizer of this invention was mixed with soil and placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 degrees Celsius and a soil moisture content of 70% of field capacity. Samples were taken at regular intervals to measure the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil, and the cumulative nitrogen release was calculated. The experiment included a bio-fertilizer treatment group and a conventional organic fertilizer treatment group (Comparative Example 1), with each group replicated three times.

[0081] The cumulative nitrogen release is calculated using the following formula: in, This indicates the cumulative nitrogen release (percentage). This indicates the concentration (in milligrams per kilogram) of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil. Indicates soil mass (kilograms). This indicates the mass (milligrams) of total nitrogen in the fertilizer.

[0082] The experimental results are shown in the table below: Incubation time (days) Cumulative nitrogen release (percentage) of the bio-fertilizer of this invention. Cumulative nitrogen release (percentage) from conventional organic fertilizers 7 12.3 28.5 14 18.6 42.3 21 24.2 55.8 30 31.5 68.2 45 42.8 78.5 60 52.6 85.3 75 61.3 89.6 90 68.5 92.1 The experimental data above show that the nitrogen release of the bio-fertilizer of this invention exhibits a slow-to-steady characteristic, with a cumulative nitrogen release of only 68.5% after 90 days, while conventional organic fertilizers have a cumulative nitrogen release of 92.1% after 90 days. The slow-release nitrogen release characteristics of the bio-fertilizer of this invention can effectively match the nutrient requirements of Panax notoginseng during its long growth cycle, avoiding the technical defects of conventional fertilizers that release too quickly in the early stage and then become nutrient deficient in the later stage.

[0083] Furthermore, to verify the long-term improvement effect of the bio-fertilizer of this invention on the soil microecology, a two-year field experiment was conducted.

[0084] Soil microecological positioning test The experiment was conducted at a Panax notoginseng planting base in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The soil type of the experimental site was red soil. The experiment included a treatment group using the bio-fertilizer of this invention and a blank control group, with each group replicated three times. The plot area was 50 square meters. The bio-fertilizer of this invention was applied at a rate of 1.5 kg per square meter, applied once 7 days before transplanting of Panax notoginseng. Conventional field management was carried out during the experiment, and no fungicides were used. Soil samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment, one year after the experiment, and two years after the experiment to determine the soil microbial community structure and soil enzyme activity.

[0085] Soil microbial community structure was determined using the phospholipid fatty acid method, which reflects the overall characteristics and structural changes of the soil microbial community. Soil enzyme activity was determined using the aforementioned method.

[0086] The experimental results are shown in the table below: Measurement indicators At the start of the experiment One year after the experiment (blank control) One year after the trial (bio-fertilizer) Two years after the experiment (blank control) Two years after the trial (bio-fertilizer) Soil organic matter content (grams per kilogram) 18.5 17.8 26.3 17.2 28.6 <![CDATA[Number of soil bacteria (×10 6 cfu per gram)]]> 2.8 2.3 7.5 1.9 8.7 <![CDATA[Number of soil fungi (×10 4 cfu per gram)]]> 4.2 5.6 2.5 6.8 2.1 <![CDATA[Number of soil actinomycetes (×10 5 cfu per gram)]]> 2.1 1.8 5.4 1.5 6.2 Fusarium count (×10³ CFU per gram) 3.5 5.8 1.2 7.2 0.8 Soil urease activity (mg / g / day) 1.2 1.0 2.5 0.9 2.8 Soil phosphatase activity (mg / g / day) 0.8 0.7 1.4 0.6 1.6 The experimental data above show that after two years of continuous application of the bio-fertilizer of this invention, the soil organic matter content increased from the initial 18.5 grams per kilogram to 28.6 grams per kilogram, an increase of 54.6%; the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased significantly, while the number of fungi and Fusarium decreased significantly; and soil enzyme activity increased significantly. In contrast, all indicators in the blank control group showed a downward trend, indicating that continuous cropping obstacles led to continuous degradation of soil quality. The bio-fertilizer of this invention can effectively improve the soil microecological structure and fundamentally alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng.

[0087] Furthermore, to verify the soil improvement effect of the bio-fertilizer of the present invention on soils with different continuous cropping years, the following experiments were conducted.

[0088] Soil improvement experiment with different continuous cropping years The experiment selected soils from Panax notoginseng plantations that had been continuously cropped for 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years as test soils, applied the bio-fertilizer of this invention to each soil, and measured the changes in various soil indicators before and after application.

[0089] The experimental results are shown in the table below: Continuous cropping years Changes in soil organic matter content (grams per kilogram) Changes in Fusarium count (×10³ CFU per gram) Changes in the incidence of root rot (percentage) Continuous planting for 1 year +8.2（18.2→26.4） -2.1（3.2→1.1） -12.3（15.2→2.9） Three consecutive years +9.5（16.8→26.3） -3.8（4.8→1.0） -14.8（18.5→3.7） Five consecutive years +10.8（15.3→26.1） -4.6（5.6→1.0） -16.2（21.3→5.1） The experimental data above show that the bio-fertilizer of this invention has a good improvement effect on soils with different continuous cropping years, and the longer the continuous cropping period, the more obvious the improvement effect. For soils with 5 years of continuous cropping, after applying the bio-fertilizer of this invention, the soil organic matter content increased by 10.8 grams per kilogram, the number of Fusarium decreased by 4.6 × 10³ CFU per gram, and the incidence of root rot decreased by 16.2 percentage points. This result indicates that the bio-fertilizer of this invention can effectively solve the problem of severe continuous cropping obstacles and has wide applicability.

[0090] Based on the above embodiments, comparative examples, and experimental data, the effectiveness of the technical solution of the present invention can be fully demonstrated. The bio-fertilizer and its preparation method for resisting continuous cropping obstacles of Panax notoginseng provided by the present invention, through the synergistic effect of multiple functional components, can effectively solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of Panax notoginseng, and has significant economic value and social benefits.

[0091] Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention, adaptive adjustments and substitutions can be made to the proportions of each component, the composition of the microbial strain, the parameters of the preparation process, etc. Such adjustments and substitutions are common technical means used by those skilled in the art and do not affect the core innovation of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0092] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or adjustments to the technical solutions made within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-fertilizer resistant to continuous cropping obstacles of Panax notoginseng, characterized in that, Including the following parts by weight of raw materials: Panax notoginseng residue: 35 to 45 parts by weight; Corn stalks: 25 to 35 parts by weight; Humic acid: 8 to 12 parts by weight; Compound composting microbial community: 2 to 4 parts by weight; Slow-release nitrogen source: 10 to 15 parts by weight.

2. The bio-fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The humic acid is mineral-derived humic acid, with a humic acid content ≥60%, a pH value of 5.0 to 7.0, and a water solubility ≥40%; the viable bacterial concentration of the compound composting microbial community is... CFU / g, inoculated at 2 to 4 parts by weight, equivalent to inoculation per ton of material. Up to 4 CFU.

3. The bio-fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The composite composting microbial community comprises the following microbial species by weight percentage: Bacillus subtilis: 35 to 45 percent by weight; Trichoderma harzianum: 25 to 35 percent by weight; EM compound bacteria: 25 to 35% by weight; The EM compound bacteria include: 30% by weight of photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris), 40% by weight of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum), and 30% by weight of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

4. The bio-fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Bacillus subtilis comprises 40% by weight, the Trichoderma harzianum comprises 30% by weight, and the EM complex comprises 30% by weight.

5. The bio-fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The slow-release nitrogen source is urea-formaldehyde; the urea-formaldehyde is a powdered slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 38% to 40% and a molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde of 1:1.2 to 1:1.

5.

6. The bio-fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes 2 to 5 parts by weight of trace element additives.

7. The bio-fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The trace element additives include at least two of zinc sulfate, borax, and ferrous sulfate.

8. The bio-fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The trace element additive is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts zinc sulfate, 0.5 to 1.5 parts borax, and 0.5 to 1.5 parts ferrous sulfate.

9. A method for preparing a bio-fertilizer resistant to continuous cropping obstacles of Panax notoginseng, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, raw material pretreatment: crush the Panax notoginseng residue and corn stalks into particles ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 cm in size, mix them, and adjust the total moisture content of the materials to 55 to 65% by weight. Step 2, Mixing and blending: Mix the pretreated Panax notoginseng residue, corn stalks and humic acid evenly according to the predetermined ratio; Step 3, inoculation: The compound composting microbial community is evenly inoculated into the mixture obtained in Step 2; Step 4, Aerobic Fermentation: The inoculated material is piled into a trapezoidal pile and aerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 55 to 65 degrees Celsius for 20 to 30 days, during which the pile is turned over. Step 5, post-aging treatment: After fermentation, spread the material out for natural aging for 10 to 15 days and adjust the moisture content to 30 to 40% by weight. Step 6, Addition of functional components: Mix the slow-release nitrogen source and trace element additives evenly into the aged material; Step 7, Granulation and Drying: The mixture is granulated into particles with a diameter range of 2.0 to 4.0 mm using a disc granulator. After drying, the moisture content of the material is reduced to below 12% by weight to obtain the finished product.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step four, the height of the pile is 1.0 to 1.5 meters, the width is 2.0 to 3.0 meters, the pile is turned over once every 5 to 7 days, and the pile temperature is controlled within the range of 55 to 65 degrees Celsius.

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