Stacked plate apparatus for a humidifier and a humidifier

Abstract

A stack plate arrangement (400) for a humidifier (1000), in particular for a fuel cell system, comprising: stack plates (100) stacked on top of each other in a stacking direction (500), adjacent ones of the stack plates (100) being alternately rotated around a central axis (510) with a top side (126) of one stack plate (100) facing a bottom side (125) of an adjacent stack plate (100), each of the stack plates (100) comprising a peripheral frame (120) enclosing a through opening (130) and comprising an inflow area (402) transverse to the stacking direction (500) and an outflow area (404) opposite the inflow area (402). The peripheral frame (120) of each of the stack plates (100) comprises an inner connection element (140) and an outer connection element (150).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments relate to a stacked plate assembly for a humidifier, particularly for a humidifier for a fuel cell system, and a humidifier for a fuel cell system. Background Technology

[0002] In the humidifier, water vapor from the exhaust gas of the fuel cell system is transferred to the supply air through several flat, semi-permeable layers (e.g., water-permeable membranes) connected in parallel to protect the fuel cell membrane from drying out. The flat, semi-permeable layers are mounted in a stack consisting of individual layers (stacked plates, seals, and semi-permeable layers). A single stack may consist of multiple stacked plates mounted in a housing.

[0003] EP4421923A1 discloses a stacked plate assembly for a humidifier, particularly for a fuel cell system, comprising a plurality of first and second stacked plates alternately stacked on top of each other in a stacking direction, wherein the top side of the first stacked plate faces the bottom side of the second stacked plate, and the top side of the second stacked plate faces the bottom side of the first stacked plate, and each stacked plate includes a peripheral frame surrounding a through opening and having an inflow area and an outflow area. At least a first set and a second set of flow channels are formed in the stacked plates, the flow channels being laterally formed relative to each other and separated by a semi-permeable layer, particularly a moisture permeable layer, wherein three of the alternating first and second stacked plates each surround two of the flow channels, the channels providing a crossflow arrangement for the first and second fluids. The first and / or second stacked plates include a grid-like support member. The peripheral frame includes one or more connecting elements, and the connecting elements of adjacent stacked plates are arranged in an interlocking manner.

[0004] US 2014 / 0106244A1 discloses a steam transfer unit with fluid flow conduits that distribute wet or dry fluid throughout the steam transfer unit. These conduits are created by forming orifices in each wet and dry plate, such that when the plates are stacked, fluid flow inlet and outlet manifolds are integrated into the flow stack. These integrated manifolds eliminate the need for conventional wet and dry fluid inlet and outlet manifolds outside the steam transfer unit stack. Because the plates are stacked and sealed, the fluid flows cannot mix, so the fluid is directly introduced into the stack, flows through the fluid field, and leaves the stack without leakage or flow contamination. The integrated manifold design allows for sealing the stack on no more than a single plane defined by the stack or on no more than two parallel opposing planes, and allows for the accommodation of stack expansion and contraction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of the embodiments is to provide an improved stacked plate device for humidifiers, and particularly for fuel cell systems.

[0006] Another objective is to provide an improved humidifier for fuel cell systems with such stacked plate arrangements.

[0007] According to one aspect of the embodiment, this objective is achieved by a stacked plate assembly for a humidifier, particularly for a fuel cell system, the stacked plate assembly comprising stacked plates on top of each other in a stacking direction, adjacent stacked plates rotating alternately about a central axis, wherein the top side of one stacked plate faces the bottom side of the adjacent stacked plate, each stacked plate comprising a peripheral frame surrounding a through opening and including an inflow region transverse to the stacking direction and an outflow region opposite to the inflow region. A first set and a second set of flow channels are disposed in the stacked plates and are transverse to each other. The stacked plate assembly also includes a semi-permeable layer separating each pair of flow channels. Three alternating consecutive stacked plates surround two of the flow channels, the flow channels providing a crossflow arrangement for a first fluid and a second fluid. Each stacked plate also includes four opposing supply channels for the first fluid and the second fluid, respectively, the four pairs of opposing supply channels disposed through the peripheral frame, the first pair of the four opposing supply channels being fluidly connected to the through opening on the top side, and the second pair of the four opposing supply channels sealingly abutting the through opening, and vice versa on the bottom side. Each of the stacked plates has an outer frame including an internal connection element and an external connection element, the external connection element being arranged further away from the through opening than the internal connection element, and the internal and external connection elements of adjacent stacked plates being arranged on top of each other in an interlocking manner.

[0008] According to another aspect of the embodiment, an additional objective is achieved by a humidifier for a fuel cell system, the humidifier comprising a stacked plate assembly and two end plates respectively surrounding the stacked plate assembly at both ends in the stacking direction. Each of the two end plates (1002, 1003) includes a first inlet for a first fluid (particularly exhaust from the fuel cell system), a second inlet for a second fluid (particularly supply air to the fuel cell system), a first outlet for the first fluid, and a second outlet for the second fluid. A first set of flow channels is fluidly connected to a first pair of four paired opposing supply channels, and a second set of flow channels is fluidly connected to a second pair of four paired opposing supply channels. The first pair of four paired opposing supply channels is sandwiched between the first inlet and the first outlet for the first fluid, and the second pair of four paired opposing supply channels is sandwiched between the second inlet and the second outlet for the second fluid.

[0009] Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims, the specification, and the drawings.

[0010] In the proposed stacking plate assembly, thin stacking plates, preferably injection-molded from polypropylene (PP), are sealed against each other by soft seals (e.g., molded washers with a diameter of approximately 1 mm and a Shore hardness of approximately 40 ShA). Other values ​​can be selected. The resulting sealing force is transmitted from one stacking layer to another via axially acting bumps that act as the first connecting element, thus preventing excessive deflection of the thin and flexible stacking plates under sealing and compressive forces. Notches on opposite sides of adjacent stacking plates ensure centering and depth stop of the stacked plates. The adjustable height consists entirely of tool-related dimensions that can be easily checked and adjusted. This allows for controllable setting tolerances when hundreds of stacking plates are stacked on top of each other. This type of connecting element is particularly advantageous for achieving form fit and friction fit, especially at low overall heights. When assembling stacking plate pairs, the bumps provide a favorable introduction of localized forces. After a pair of stacking plates has been engaged, the forces are balanced internally and counterbalanced with the reaction force of the molded washers. In addition, the number and spacing of the bumps can compensate for or absorb different stiffnesses, such as higher or lower washer reaction forces.

[0011] Internal connecting elements are arranged around the through openings in the frame of the stacked plate, while external connecting elements are arranged at the outer edges of the frame. This allows for stable connections to be established between adjacent stacked plates, particularly around supply channels.

[0012] Molded gaskets provide a good seal at the outer edge of the stack plate frame and around the supply channel.

[0013] A semi-permeable layer separates the exhaust flow path from the supply air flow path. The semi-permeable layer can be designed as, for example, a PFSA (perfluorosulfonic acid) membrane. Such membranes are also commonly used as proton exchange membranes. This membrane is airtight but permeable to moisture.

[0014] The semi-permeable layer can be bonded to the frame with the aid of an adhesive, so that the virtually airtight diaphragm is tightly attached to the stacked plate in the region of its outer frame.

[0015] The frame of the stacking plate can preferably be formed of plastic, such as PA6.6 (polyamide), PPA (polyphthalamide), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) or TPX (polymethylpentene).

[0016] Molded gaskets can be two-component compatible conventional or thermoplastic elastomer gaskets, such as silicone, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE).

[0017] Advantageously, it is possible to achieve airtight flow channels that are isolated from each other in a very small installation space in a process-safe manner, with an additional integrated flat semi-permeable layer, such as a water-permeable membrane. Regarding advantageous water transport rates, it is advantageous to represent as many channels as possible. This results in the minimum possible channel height.

[0018] Contrary to known solutions, the compression of the seal can be ensured in a defined manner at different locations, which is crucial for sealing performance. After pre-assembly, the stacked assembly is secured for operation via rigid end plates and a number of screws. The forced (positive) locking of the spacer bumps minimizes further settling of the composite material and thus ensures that the channel height remains unchanged, which is important for pressure loss and water transport.

[0019] Therefore, the frame combines different functions: as a load-bearing function of the rigid component by injection molding the back of the flat semi-permeable membrane into the plastic frame, as a sealing function of the soft component by injection molding the two-component compatible elastomeric sealing material, and as a spacing function of the flow channels directly via the protrusions on the plastic frame and indirectly via the mesh support members and the flow channels represented as the wet and dry sides of the humidifier.

[0020] By integrating an additional row of bumps into the plastic frame, a self-supporting humidifier without a casing was achieved.

[0021] Advantageously, the extended sealing geometry enables external sealing. Integrated lugs via the plastic frame and tie rod provide external pressure stability. The use of a square design with 90° rotational symmetry for stacking plates reduces the requirement to a single frame type. Integrated inlet piping eliminates the need for separate shrouds and housings.

[0022] Advantageously, cost-effective production and process reliability can be achieved in the manufacture of stacked plate devices and humidifiers. Various forms of mesh-like support members for generating turbulence can be easily inserted. Separation of functions (such as bonding, sealing, and retention) allows for improved design and process control. Due to force and form fit, a self-supporting and rigid structure is already created after the first stacked layer, which is advantageous for further processing. The complexity and costly gluing of frame structures can be avoided.

[0023] According to advantageous embodiments of the stacked plate assembly, the stacked plates can take on various base shapes (such as rectangular, hexagonal, etc.) depending on installation space requirements, resulting in two or more types of frames for the stacked plates. The stacked plates can be used to integrate the entire stacked plate assembly into a humidifier. The need for a separate housing may be obsolete.

[0024] Specifically, each of the stacked plates can be rectangular, particularly square. Adjacent stacked plates can be rotated alternately by 90° around a central axis, such that the inflow area of ​​one stacked plate rotates 90° relative to the inflow area of ​​the adjacent stacked plate, and the outflow area of ​​one stacked plate rotates 90° relative to the outflow area of ​​the adjacent stacked plate. Advantageously, only one type of stacked plate can be used to integrate the entire stacked plate device into a humidifier. The need for a separate housing may be obsolete.

[0025] According to an advantageous embodiment of the stacking plate assembly, the outer frame of each of the stacking plates may include opposing first sides and opposing second sides, the second sides defining inflow and outflow areas for a first set of flow channels or a second set of flow channels, respectively, and the inflow and outflow areas including conduits sandwiched between internal connecting elements. Advantageously, the connecting elements may be placed on the frame of the stacking plate on the first and second sides to advantageously introduce forces for sealing the stacking plates together.

[0026] According to an advantageous embodiment of the stacked plate assembly, the internal and external connecting elements of adjacent stacked plates can form frictional and form-fit connections. Due to the force and form fit, a self-supporting and rigid structure is already created after the first stacked layer, which is advantageous for further processing. The complexity and costly gluing of frame structures can be avoided.

[0027] According to an advantageous embodiment of the stacking plate assembly, the internal and external connecting elements of each of the stacking plates may include a protrusion on one of the top and bottom sides of the outer frame, and a receiving portion on the other of the top and bottom sides, the protrusion being configured to engage with the corresponding receiving portion in the receiving portion when the stacking plates are stacked on top of each other. This allows for advantageous stacking and engagement of the stacking plates on top of each other, resulting in an efficient installation process for the stacking plate assembly.

[0028] According to an advantageous embodiment of the stacked plate assembly, a semi-permeable layer can be disposed on the bottom side of each of the stacked plates relative to the stacking direction. Therefore, flow channels can be implemented in a suitable manner for beneficial pressure control of the flowing fluid.

[0029] According to an advantageous embodiment of the stacking plate assembly, the stacking plate assembly may further include a mesh-like support member that closes the through opening and is disposed on the top side of each of the stacking plates relative to the stacking direction. In particular, the mesh-like support member may be connected to the frame by snap-fit ​​or secured to the frame by form-fitting protrusions, or welded to the frame or molded to the frame.

[0030] The stacked seals are located between the exhaust side and the air supply side in each layer. Due to the pressure difference between the air supply side and the exhaust side, the stacked layers are advantageously able to absorb the resulting forces and are also additionally supported by a mesh-like support member on the thin and fragile flat semi-permeable layer. The mesh structure of the mesh-like support member has the additional function of guiding fluid as a turbulent intrusion into the diaphragm of the semi-permeable layer.

[0031] According to an advantageous embodiment of the stacking plate assembly, adjacent stacking plates in the stacking plates can be connected to each other in a fluid-impermeable manner in the region outside the inflow and outflow areas. A first gasket can be disposed along the outer circumference of the bottom side of the peripheral frame of each of the stacking plates. A second gasket can be sandwiched between each of the second pair of four opposing supply channels in each of the through openings and stacking plates. Thus, the stacking of the stacked plates can be advantageously sealed between the exhaust side and the supply air side in each layer.

[0032] According to an advantageous embodiment of the stacking plate assembly, each of the stacking plates may include a through-hole, which is configured to pass through the outer frame and is coaxial with the stacking plates when they are stacked on top of each other for a through-hole for a pull rod. After assembly, the washer can be secured by an axially threaded end plate, such that the press-fit connection is released during operation and does not loosen.

[0033] According to an advantageous embodiment of the stacking plate assembly, a first gasket may be disposed radially inside each through-hole in the stacking plate. Therefore, the supply channels for the first and second fluids can be reliably sealed.

[0034] In the humidifier, water vapor from the exhaust gas of the fuel cell is transferred to the incoming air using several flat membranes connected in parallel with the incoming air to prevent the fuel cell membranes from drying out and to improve the efficiency of the system.

[0035] The proposed humidifier represents a flat membrane humidifier. A first humidifying or water-rich fluid (e.g., exhaust gas from a fuel cell) flows in one set of flow channels, while a second drying fluid (e.g., supply air for the fuel cell) flows in another set of flow channels. The second drying fluid can be wetted by the first fluid via a semi-permeable membrane.

[0036] After assembly, the stacked plate assembly is finally secured by two end plates using tie rods.

[0037] Advantageously, the end plate is modified in such a way that it ensures sufficient pressure stability to the outside and allows for the integration of all necessary connectors, sensors, levers, etc. This also eliminates the need for separate covers or adapter flanges and seals. The self-supporting, shell-less humidifier is fully stabilized by the lever located on the outside of the flow chamber.

[0038] By changing the number of stacking plates, the height of the humidifier can be adjusted as needed to scale the system. Only the length and number of pull rods need to be adjusted (if necessary). All other components can remain unchanged. The humidifier can also be designed in other basic shapes (e.g., rectangular, hexagonal, etc.) and / or have other dimensions to meet specific installation space requirements. This can mean that in some cases, two or more frame types are required.

[0039] Advantageously, the functional integration of the proposed humidifier leads to a reduction in the number of components, resulting in a lower cost and a very compact design for the humidifier.

[0040] Good scalability can be achieved by changing the stacking height, thus providing an advantage for standardized market products.

[0041] By using a frame type, two separate flow chambers can be represented by a 90° rotation of adjacent stacked plates.

[0042] Humidifiers consist of many identical parts, resulting in an efficient manufacturing concept.

[0043] According to an advantageous embodiment of the humidifier, each of the first and second inlets and the first and second outlets may include a guide lip that is fluidly connected to a corresponding one of four pairs of opposing supply channels. The guide lip integrated into the endplate and stack plate assembly can improve system efficiency.

[0044] According to an advantageous embodiment of the humidifier, the two end plates can be compressed by feeding a pull rod through a through-hole in each of the stacked plates. After assembly, the stacked plate assembly is finally secured to the two end plates by the pull rod. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The embodiments, together with the above and other objects and advantages, are best understood from the detailed description of the following embodiments, but are not limited to the embodiments.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a top view of a stacking plate for a stacking plate assembly according to an embodiment.

[0047] Figure 2 It is based on Figure 1 A bottom view of the stacked plates.

[0048] Figure 3 It is based on Figure 1 An isometric view of the stacked plates as seen from the top side.

[0049] Figure 4 It is an isometric view of two stacked plates as seen from the top side.

[0050] Figure 5This is a detailed isometric view taken from the top side of the stack.

[0051] Figure 6 This is a more detailed isometric view taken from the top side of the stack.

[0052] Figure 7 This is a detailed isometric view taken from the bottom side of the stack.

[0053] Figure 8 This is a detailed isometric view taken from the top side of two stacked plates.

[0054] Figure 9 This is a more detailed isometric view taken from the top side of two stacked plates.

[0055] Figure 10 This is a detailed isometric view taken from the bottom side of two stacked plates.

[0056] Figure 11 This is an isometric view of a stacked plate assembly for a humidifier, particularly for a fuel cell system, according to an embodiment.

[0057] Figure 12 It is based on Figure 11 An isometric view of the end plate of the humidifier.

[0058] Figure 13 This is an isometric view of a humidifier according to an embodiment, particularly a humidifier for a fuel cell system.

[0059] Figure 14 It is based on Figure 13 A cross-sectional view of a humidifier.

[0060] Figure 15 It is based on Figure 13 Another cross-sectional view of the humidifier.

[0061] Figure 16 This is a top view of a humidifier according to other embodiments, particularly a humidifier for a fuel cell system.

[0062] Figure 17 It is based on Figure 16 A side view of a humidifier.

[0063] Figure 18 This is a side view of a humidifier according to other embodiments, particularly a humidifier for a fuel cell system. Detailed Implementation

[0064] In the accompanying drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. The drawings are merely schematic and are not intended to depict specific parameters of the embodiments. Furthermore, the drawings are intended to depict only typical embodiments and should therefore not be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments.

[0065] Figure 1 This is a top view of the stacking plate 100 of the stacking plate device 400 according to an embodiment. Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the stacked plate 100, and Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the stacked plate 100 as seen from the top side.

[0066] like Figure 11 The depicted stacked plate assembly 400 for a humidifier 1000, and particularly for a fuel cell system, has a plurality of stacked plates 100 of at least one type, which are stacked on top of each other in a stacking direction 500. Adjacent stacked plates 100 rotate alternately about a central axis 510, with the top side 126 of one stacked plate 100 facing the bottom side 125 of the adjacent stacked plate 100.

[0067] Each stack plate 100 includes a peripheral frame 120. The peripheral frame 120 surrounds the through opening 130 and has an inflow area 402 transverse to the stacking direction 500 and an opposite outflow area 404.

[0068] At least a first group and a second group of flow channels 410, 420 are formed in the stacked stacked plates 100. The first group and the second group of flow channels are formed laterally to each other and are separated by a semi-permeable layer 110, in particular by a water-permeable layer 110.

[0069] Two of the three surrounding flow channels 410, 420 in the alternating, continuous stacked plates 100. Flow channels 410, 420 provide a crossflow arrangement for a first fluid 600 and a second fluid 602. The first fluid 600 may be the wet exhaust gas from the fuel cell, and the second fluid 602 may be the dry supply air for the fuel cell.

[0070] In addition, the stacked plate 100 includes a grid-like support member 300 that closes the through opening 130.

[0071] A mesh support member 300 is required to support the membrane 110 under differential pressure. This can be pre-assembled in the frame 120 as a separate insert, which is forcibly held onto the plastic frame 120 via two shoulders. The mesh support member 300 can also be attached in all three directions via snap-fit ​​connections, special oversized studs, or welded connections.

[0072] However, the grating can also be produced directly with the plastic frame 120 during injection molding or injection compression molding. This would particularly simplify the stacking assembly process.

[0073] Pairs of opposing supply channels 132, 134 for the first fluid 600 or the second fluid 602 are arranged in the outer frame 120. On the top side 126, one opposing supply channel 132 is fluidly connected to the through opening 130, and the other pair of opposing supply channels 134 is sealed against the through opening 130. On the bottom side 125, the supply channel 132 is sealed against the through opening 130, and the supply channel 134 is fluidly connected to the through opening 130.

[0074] In the illustrated embodiment, there are three opposing supply channels 132 on each of the opposing second sides 124 of the frame 120, and another three opposing supply channels 134 on the other opposing first side 122 of the frame 120.

[0075] As from Figure 1 As can be seen, the top side of the stack plate 100 is shown, and a flow channel 410 across the second side 124 of the frame 120 is achieved by connecting the supply channel 132 from one side of the frame 120 via the inflow area 402 of the frame 120 to the outflow area 404 on the other side of the frame 120.

[0076] A groove 148 for receiving washers 146, 147 from adjacent stacked plates 100 is integrated on the top side 126 of the stacked plate 100.

[0077] The outer frame 120 includes a plurality of internal connecting elements 140 and external connecting elements 150. The external connecting elements 150 are arranged further away from the through opening 130 than the internal connecting elements 140. The connecting elements 140 and 150 of adjacent stacked plates 100 are arranged on top of each other in an interlocking manner.

[0078] As shown in the embodiment, the stacking plate 100 is square in shape, and multiple stacking plates 100 can be stacked on top of each other in the stacking direction 500, and rotated alternately by 90° about the central axis 510, such that the inflow area 402 of one stacking plate 100 is rotated by 90° relative to the inflow area 402 of the adjacent stacking plate 100, and the outflow area 404 of one stacking plate 100 is rotated by 90° relative to the outflow area 404 of the adjacent stacking plate 100.

[0079] The frame 120 of the stack plate 100 has opposing first sides 122 and opposing second sides 124, which have a plurality of connecting elements 140, 150. The second side 124 defines inflow and / or outflow areas 402, 404 of a first set of flow channels 410 or a second set of flow channels 420. Therefore, the inflow and / or outflow areas 402, 404 are configured by conduits 156 between the internal connecting elements 140.

[0080] The connecting elements 140, 150 of adjacent stacked plates 100 can advantageously form a friction fit and a form fit.

[0081] Connecting elements 140 and 150 are formed as protrusions 142 and 152 on one of the top side 126 and the bottom side 125 of the frame 120, and as corresponding receiving portions 144 and 154 on the other of the top side 125 and the bottom side 126. Therefore, when the stacked plates 100 are stacked on top of each other, the protrusions 142 and 152 engage with the corresponding receiving portions 144 and 154.

[0082] A semi-permeable layer 110 is disposed on the bottom side 125 of the stacked plate 100 relative to the stacking direction 500. This will Figure 2 As can be seen in the image, a stacked plate 100 is shown from the bottom side 125.

[0083] The mesh-like support member 300 is placed on the top side 126 of the stacking plate 100 relative to the stacking direction 500, which can... Figure 1 As can be seen in the image, stacked plate 100 is shown from the top side 126.

[0084] The grid-like support member 300 can be connected by snap-fit ​​or fixed to the frame 120 by shape-fitting protrusions, or welded to the frame 120 or molded to the frame 120.

[0085] The continuous stacked plates 100 are connected to each other in a fluid-impermeable manner in the region outside the inflow or outflow areas 402, 404. For this purpose, a first gasket 146 is disposed on the outer circumference at the bottom side 126 of the frame 120, while a second gasket 147 is disposed between the through opening 130 and each of the two opposing supply channels 134.

[0086] Furthermore, the stack plate 100 includes a through hole 160 disposed in the frame 120 (particularly at the longitudinal side 124 of the frame 120) as a feed through for the tie rod 1012. The through hole 160 is coaxial when the stack plates 100 are stacked on top of each other.

[0087] The first washer 146 is radially arranged inside the through hole 160 to properly seal the supply channels 132, 134.

[0088] As from Figure 1As can be seen, the top side of the stacked plate 100 is shown, and a flow channel 410 across the second side 124 of the frame 120 is achieved by connecting the supply channel 132 from one side of the frame 120 via the inflow area 402 of the frame 120 to the outflow area 404 on the other side of the frame 120. The inflow area 402 and the outflow area 404 are arranged as conduits 156 for the airflow of the first fluid 600 or the second fluid 602. The conduits 156 are formed between the protrusions 142 as internal connecting elements 140.

[0089] A groove 148 for receiving washers 146, 147 from adjacent stacked plates 100 is integrated on the top side 126 of the stacked plate 100.

[0090] A grid-like support member 300 is arranged on the top side 126 of the stacked plate 100.

[0091] On the bottom side 125, as Figure 2 As depicted, supply channel 132 is enclosed in a first gasket 146 and a second gasket 147, thereby sealing supply channel 132. Here, other supply channels 134 are open to feed a first fluid 600 or a second fluid 602 into flow channel 420 between the bottom side 125 of stack 100 and the top side 126 of the adjacent stack 100.

[0092] A semi-permeable layer 110 is arranged on the bottom side 125.

[0093] Figure 4 This is an isometric view of two stacked stacked plates 100 as seen from the top side 126.

[0094] Two stacked plates 100 are stacked in stacking direction 500 and in a position rotated 90° around central axis 510.

[0095] A flow channel 410 is formed connecting the supply channel 132, while a flow channel 420 connecting the supply channel 134 can be formed if another stack plate 100 is stacked on top. A grid-like support member 300 is arranged on top of the underlying, invisible semi-permeable membrane 110.

[0096] Figure 5 A detailed isometric view is depicted, taken from the top side 126 of the stacked plate 100. Figure 6 The image depicts a more detailed isometric view taken from the top side 126 of the stacked plate 100, while... Figure 7 The image shows a detailed isometric view taken from the bottom side 125 of the stacked plate 100. For clarity, the semi-permeable membrane 110 is omitted, so only the frame 120 is depicted.

[0097] In the detailed view, the shapes of the internal connecting element 140 and the external connecting element 150, indicated as protrusions 142 and 152 at the top side 126 of the frame 120 and as receiving portions 144 and 154 at the bottom side 125, can be seen. Recesses 148 for receiving washers 146 and 147 are arranged along the frame 120 between protrusions 142 and 152.

[0098] A conduit 156 for guiding the first fluid 600 or the second fluid 602 into the flow channel 410 is formed in the inflow region 402 of the frame 120 between the protrusions 142 of the internal connecting element 140.

[0099] Figure 8 A detailed isometric view is depicted as seen from the top side 126 of two stacked stacked plates 100. Figure 9 A more detailed isometric view is depicted from the top side 126 of two stacked stacked plates 100, while... Figure 10 The image shows a detailed isometric view taken from the bottom side 125 of two stacked stacked plates 100.

[0100] The protrusions 142 and 152 of the internal connecting element 140 and the external connecting element 150 of the lower stacking plate 100 are inserted into the receiving portions 144 and 154 of the upper stacking plate 100. A flow channel 410 is arranged between the two stacking plates 100.

[0101] Figure 11 This is an isometric view of a humidifier 1000, and more particularly a stacked plate assembly 400 for a fuel cell system, according to an embodiment. Figure 12 It is based on Figure 11 An isometric view of the end plate 1003 of the humidifier 1000, while Figure 13 This is an isometric view of the humidifier 1000 according to an embodiment.

[0102] The stacking plate assembly 400 includes a plurality of stacking plates 100 that are stacked on top of each other in a stacking direction 500, wherein adjacent stacking plates 100 rotate alternately about a central axis 510.

[0103] As shown in the embodiment, the stacking plate 100 is square in shape, and multiple stacking plates 100 are stacked on top of each other in the stacking direction 500, rotating alternately by 90° about the central axis 510, such that the inflow area 402 of one stacking plate 100 is rotated by 90° relative to the inflow area 402 of the adjacent stacking plate 100, and the outflow area 404 of one stacking plate 100 is rotated by 90° relative to the outflow area 404 of the adjacent stacking plate 100.

[0104] The stacking plate assembly 400 is surrounded at both ends 440, 442 in the stacking direction 500 by two end plates 1002, 1003, each end plate having at least one inlet 1004 for a first fluid 600 (particularly exhaust from the fuel cell system), an inlet 1008 for a second fluid 602 (particularly supply air to the fuel cell system), an outlet 1006 for the first fluid 600, and an outlet 1010 for the second fluid 602.

[0105] exist Figure 11 In this diagram, the upper end plate 1002 is omitted; therefore, the uppermost stacked plate 100 of the stacked plate assembly 400 is visible, with the top side 126 of the stacked plate 100 on top, as shown. Figure 1 As depicted, exits 1006 and 1010 are not visible in this perspective view.

[0106] Three alternating, continuous stacked plates 100 each surround the first and second sets of flow channels 410, 420. Flow channels 410, 420 provide a crossflow arrangement for the first fluid 600 and the second fluid 602. Flow channels 410, 420 are separated by a semi-permeable layer 110, particularly a moisture-permeable layer 110.

[0107] The outer frame 120 of the stack 100 includes a plurality of internal connecting elements 140 and external connecting elements 150. The external connecting elements 150 are arranged further away from the through opening 130 than the internal connecting elements 140. The connecting elements 140 and 150 of adjacent stack 100 are arranged on top of each other in an interlocking manner.

[0108] A circumferential outer frame 120 surrounds paired opposing supply channels 132, 134 for the first fluid 600 or the second fluid 602. On the top side 126, the paired opposing supply channels 132 are in fluid connection with a through opening 130, and two other paired opposing supply channels 134 are sealed against the through opening 130. On the invisible bottom side 125, the supply channels 132 are sealed against the through opening 130, and the supply channels 134 are in fluid connection with the through opening 130.

[0109] The first set of flow channels 410 is fluidly connected to the supply channel 132, and the second set of flow channels 420 is fluidly connected to the supply channel 134.

[0110] Pairs of opposing supply channels 132 are arranged at the inlet 1004 and outlet 1006 for the first fluid 600 (see...) Figure 13 Between the inlet 1008 and outlet 1010 for the second fluid 602, and two other opposing supply channels 134 are arranged between the inlet 1008 and outlet 1010 for the second fluid 602.

[0111] Therefore, a crossflow of the first fluid 600 can be established from the inlet 1004 through the flow channel 410 across the stacking plate assembly 400 to the outlet 1006. Another crossflow of the second fluid 602 can be established from the inlet 1008 through the flow channel 410 across the stacking plate assembly 400 to the outlet 1010. The flows of the first fluid 600 and the second fluid 602 are indicated by arrows in the figure.

[0112] exist Figure 11 In the case where the upper end plate 1002 is omitted, the open supply channels 132, 134 for guiding the first fluid 600 and the second fluid 602 to the flow channels 410, 420 on the circumference of the through opening 130 of the stack plate 100 are visible.

[0113] Figure 12 The end plate 1003 shown is used to close the stacking plate assembly 400 at the lower end 442. For this purpose, the end plate 1003 is equipped with corresponding internal and external connecting members 140, 150 and grooves 148 for accommodating the lowest stacking plate 100 of the stacking plate assembly 400, just like a normal stacking plate 100.

[0114] End plates 1002 and 1003 are also used to guide the fluid flow of the first fluid 600 and the second fluid 602 from the inlets 1004 and 1008 to the supply channels 132 and 134, and on the other side from the supply channels 132 and 134 to the outlets 1006 and 1010. Therefore, end plates 1002 and 1003 are equipped with guide lips 1014.

[0115] End plates 1002 and 1003 can be made of plastic (injection molding) or metal (die-cast aluminum, 3D printing, CNC machining), thus allowing for single-piece or multi-piece variations to accommodate more functional integration. For example, in the case of multi-part plastic end plates 1002 and 1003, custom inlets 1004 and 1008 and outlets 1006 and 1010 can be used via suitable welding connections.

[0116] exist Figure 13 The diagram depicts an assembled humidifier 1000, with all possible inlets 1004, 1008 and all possible outlets 1006, 1010 visible. Since the depicted design of the inlets 1004, 1008 and outlets 1006, 1010 of the humidifier 1000 is symmetrical, for proper function, the inlets 1004, 1008 and outlets 1006, 1010 on any end plate 1002, 1003 can be closed by plates not depicted.

[0117] The two end plates 1002, 1003 are compressed by a tie rod 1012, which is fed through a through hole 160 arranged in the frame 120, and the through hole 160 is coaxial when the stacked plates 100 are stacked on top of each other.

[0118] The stacked plate 100 can flow in or out from both sides simultaneously or from only one side. This applies to the two flow channels 410, 420 (wet side and dry side).

[0119] Inlets 1004, 1008 and outlets 1006, 1010 include guide lips 1014 that are fluidly connected to supply channels 132, 134. Figure 14 As can be seen, Figure 14 It is based on Figure 13 A cross-sectional view of the humidifier 1000. Therefore, the efficiency of the humidifier 1000 can be improved.

[0120] The view shows the frame 120 of the stacked plate 100 and the entrance 1008 of the end plates 1002 and 1003.

[0121] Therefore, the function of the guide lip 1014 arranged in the inlet 1008 of the end plates 1002, 1003 can be better understood. The flow of the second fluid 602 is directly guided into the supply channel 134 so that the fluid 602 can be effectively supplied to the flow channel 420 through the stacking plate device 400.

[0122] Figure 15 It is based on Figure 13 Another cross-sectional view of the humidifier 1000.

[0123] The cross-section in this figure is more oriented toward the center of the stacking plate assembly 400, making the supply channel 132 on the other side of the stacking plate assembly 400 visible.

[0124] Inlets 1004, 1008 and outlets 1006, 1010, as well as the wet and dry sides, can be defined at an end plate 1002, 1003 via connecting sleeves. Parallel flow is possible through the relative connections on the opposite end plates 1002, 1003.

[0125] Figure 16 This is a top view of a humidifier 1100 according to other embodiments, particularly a humidifier 1100 for a fuel cell system. Figure 17 It is based on Figure 16 Side view of the humidifier 1100.

[0126] refer to Figure 16 and Figure 17The humidifier 1100 includes parallel alignments of individual stacked plate assemblies 400 sandwiched between modified end plates 1102 and 1103. Each of the end plates 1102 and 1103 includes an inlet 1104 for a first fluid 600 (particularly exhaust from the fuel cell system), an inlet 1108 for a second fluid 602 (particularly supply air to the fuel cell system), an outlet 1106 for the first fluid 600, and an outlet 1110 for the second fluid 602. Each pair of parallel-aligned individual stacked plate assemblies 400 shares a pair of inlets 1104 or 1108 of the end plates 1102 and 1103, respectively. Each parallel-aligned individual stacked plate assembly 400 uses a pair of outlets 1106 and 1110 of the end plates 1102 and 1103, respectively.

[0127] Figure 18 This is a side view of a humidifier 1200 according to other embodiments, particularly a humidifier for a fuel cell system.

[0128] refer to Figure 18 The humidifier 1200 includes connecting individual humidifiers 1000 in parallel and / or series using connecting pipes 1204 and 1208 within a frame. Specifically, connecting pipes 1204 connect two pairs of humidifiers 1000 in parallel, while connecting pipes 1208 connect two pairs of humidifiers 1000 in series. Each of the connecting pipes 1204 and 1208 connects one inlet or outlet 1004, 1006, 1008, or 1010 of one humidifier 1000 to another inlet or outlet 1004, 1006, 1008, or 1010 of another humidifier 1000.

[0129] The humidifier 1200 also includes an inlet 1202 for a first fluid or a second fluid and an outlet 1206 for the first fluid or the second fluid. Each of the inlet 1202 and the outlet 1206 is connected to an inlet or outlet 1004, 1006, 1008 or 1010 of a humidifier 1000.

[0130] List of reference numerals 100 stacked boards 110 Semi-permeable layer 120 frame 122 First side 124 Second side 125 Bottom side 126 Top Side 130 through opening 132 Supply Channel 134 Supply Channel 140 Internal connecting elements 142 bumps 144 Receiving Section 146 First Washer 147 Second Washer 148 Grooves 150 External connection elements 152 bumps 154 Receiving Department 156 catheters 160 through hole 300 mesh support components 400 stacked plate assembly 402 Inflow Area 404 Outflow Area 410 Flow Channel 420 flow channel 440 end 442 end 500 Stacking direction 510 Central Axis 600 First fluid (exhaust) 602 Second Fluid (Air Supply) 1000 Humidifier 1002 end plate 1003 end plate 1004 Inlet First Fluid 1006 First fluid outlet 1008 Inlet Second Fluid 1010 Second fluid outlet 1012 pull rod 1014 Guide Lip 1100 Humidifier 1102 end plate 1103 end plate 1104 Inlet First Fluid 1106 First fluid outlet 1108 Inlet Second Fluid 1110 Second fluid outlet 1200 Humidifier Entrance 1202 1204 connecting pipe 1206 Exports 1208 Connecting pipe.

Claims

1. A stacking plate assembly (400) for a humidifier (1000), particularly for a fuel cell system, the stacking plate assembly (400) comprising: Stacked plates (100) are stacked on top of each other in a stacking direction (500), adjacent stacked plates (100) of the stacked plates (100) rotate alternately about a central axis (510), and the top side (126) of one stacked plate (100) faces the bottom side (125) of the adjacent stacked plate (100). Each of the stacked plates (100) includes a peripheral frame (120) that surrounds a through opening (130) and includes an inflow area (402) transverse to the stacking direction (500) and an outflow area (404) opposite to the inflow area (402). The first and second sets of flow channels (410, 420) are arranged in the stacked stacked plates (100) and are laterally aligned with each other; and A semi-permeable layer (110) separates each pair of flow channels (410, 420). In this arrangement, three alternating, continuous stacked plates in the stacked plates (100) surround two of the flow channels (410, 420), which provide a crossflow arrangement for the first fluid (600) and the second fluid (602). Each of the stacked plates (100) further includes four pairs of opposing supply channels (132, 134) for the first fluid (600) and the second fluid (602), respectively. These four pairs of opposing supply channels (132, 134) are disposed through the outer frame (120). The first pair of the four pairs of opposing supply channels (132) is fluidly connected to the through opening (130) on the top side (126), and the second pair of the four pairs of opposing supply channels (134) is sealed against the through opening (130), and vice versa on the bottom side. The outer frame (120) of each (100) of the stack includes an inner connecting element (140) and an outer connecting element (150), the outer connecting element (150) being arranged further from the through opening (130) than the inner connecting element (140), and the inner connecting elements and outer connecting elements (140, 150) of adjacent stacks in the stack (100) being arranged on top of each other in an interlocking manner.

2. The stacking plate device (400) according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the stacked plates (100) is square in shape, and In this arrangement, adjacent stacked plates (100) of the stacked plates (100) are rotated alternately by 90° around the central axis (510), such that the inflow area (402) of one stacked plate (100) is rotated by 90° relative to the inflow area (402) of the adjacent stacked plate (100), and the outflow area (404) of one stacked plate (100) is rotated by 90° relative to the outflow area (404) of the adjacent stacked plate (100).

3. The stacking plate device (400) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The outer frame (120) of each of the stacked plates (100) includes opposing first sides (122) and opposing second sides (124), the second sides (124) defining inflow and outflow areas (402, 404) of the first set of flow channels (410) or the second set of flow channels (420), respectively, and the inflow and outflow areas (402, 404) include conduits (156) sandwiched between the internal connecting elements (140).

4. The stacking plate device (400) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The internal and external connecting elements (140, 150) of adjacent stacked plates (100) form a friction fit and a form fit.

5. The stacking plate device (400) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each of the stacking plates (100) includes an internal connecting element and an external connecting element (140, 150) comprising a protrusion (142, 152) on one of the top side and the bottom side (126, 125) of the peripheral frame (120) and a receiving portion (144, 154) on the other of the top side and the bottom side (125, 126), the protrusion (142, 152) being configured to engage with a corresponding receiving portion in the receiving portion (144, 154) when the stacking plates (100) are stacked on top of each other.

6. The stacking plate device (400) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The semi-permeable layer (110) is disposed on the bottom side (125) of each of the stacked plates (100) relative to the stacking direction (500).

7. The stacking plate device (400) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a mesh support member (300) that closes the through opening (130) and is disposed on the top side (126) of each of the stacking plates (100) relative to the stacking direction (500).

8. The stacking plate device (400) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Adjacent stacked plates in the stacked plates (100) are connected to each other in a fluid-impermeable manner in the region outside the inflow region and the outflow region (402, 404). Wherein, the first washer (146) is disposed along the outer circumference of the bottom side (126) of the outer frame (120) of each of the stacked plates (100), and The second washer (147) is sandwiched between each of the second pair of the four pairs of opposing supply channels (134) in each of the through opening (130) and the stack plate (100).

9. The stacking plate device (400) according to claim 8, wherein, Each of the stacked plates (100) includes a through hole (160) arranged to pass through the outer frame (120) and configured to serve as a through-hole for the pull rod (1012) when the stacked plates (100) are stacked on top of each other.

10. The stacking plate device (400) according to claim 9, wherein, The first washer (146) is radially disposed inside the through hole (160) of each of the stacked plates (100).

11. A humidifier (1000) for a fuel cell system, the humidifier (1000) comprising: Stacking plate device (400) according to any one of the preceding claims; and Two end plates (1002, 1003) surround the stacking plate assembly (400) at both ends (440, 442) in the stacking direction (500), respectively. Each of the two end plates (1002, 1003) includes a first inlet (1004) for the first fluid (600), particularly exhaust gas from the fuel cell system, a second inlet (1008) for the second fluid (602), particularly supply air to the fuel cell system, a first outlet (1006) for the first fluid (600), and a second outlet (1010) for the second fluid (602). The first set of flow channels (410) is fluidly connected to the first pair of the four paired supply channels (132), and the second set of flow channels (420) is fluidly connected to the second pair of the four paired supply channels (134). The first pair of the four paired supply channels (132) is sandwiched between the first inlet (1004) and the first outlet (1006) for the first fluid (600), and the second pair of the four paired supply channels (134) is sandwiched between the second inlet (1008) and the second outlet (1010) for the second fluid (602).

12. The humidifier (1000) according to claim 11, wherein, Each of the first inlet (1004, 1008) and the second outlet (1006, 1010) includes a guide lip (1014) that is fluidly connected to a corresponding one of the four paired opposing supply channels (132, 134).

13. The humidifier (1000) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein, The two end plates (1002, 1003) can be compressed by a pull rod (1012) fed through a through hole (160) in each of the stacked plates (100).

14. A humidifier (1200) for a fuel cell system, the humidifier comprising: The humidifier (1000) according to any one of claims 11 to 13 is configured in parallel and series alignment; Connecting pipes (1204) that are respectively connected in parallel to at least one pair of humidifiers (1000); and Connecting pipes (1208) are connected in series with at least one pair of humidifiers (1000). Each of the connecting pipes (1204, 1208) connects one inlet or outlet (1004, 1006, 1008 or 1010) of one of the humidifiers (1000) to another inlet or outlet (1004, 1006, 1008 or 1010) of the other of the humidifiers (1000).

15. A humidifier (1100) for a fuel cell system, the humidifier (1100) comprising: The stacking plate assembly (400) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is parallel aligned; and Two end plates (1102, 1103) surround the stacked plate assembly (400), each of the two end plates (1102, 1103) including a first inlet (1104) for the first fluid (600), particularly exhaust gas from the fuel cell system, a second inlet (1108) for the second fluid (602), particularly supply air to the fuel cell system, a first outlet (1106) for the first fluid (600), and a second outlet (1110) for the second fluid (602). Each pair of stacked plate devices (400) shares a pair of the first inlets (1104) or the second inlets (1108) of the end plates (1102, 1103), and Each of the stacking plate devices (400) uses a pair of first outlets (1106, 1110) and second outlets (1106, 1110) of the end plates (1102, 1103).

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