A detachable electrical cabinet structure and fireproof heat dissipation method for a high-speed train

Abstract

The application provides a detachable electrical cabinet structure and fireproof heat dissipation method for a high-speed train, and relates to the technical field of electrical cabinets.The detachable electrical cabinet structure comprises an outer box body and an inner mounting frame.The bottom of the outer box body is provided with a mounting base, and the bottom of the inner mounting frame comprises a base plate, a fixed support and a plurality of mounting supporting plates.A locking box is arranged on the base plate, and an upper plug-in panel is arranged in the locking box.A lower plug-in panel is arranged in the mounting base.A fixed frame, a flexible fireproof cover and a driving motor are arranged on the inner wall of the top of the outer box body.The lower end of the output shaft of the driving motor is provided with a rotating driving disc, and a rotating plug-in panel is fixedly connected to the rotating driving disc.The electrical cabinet structure integrates the functions of daily heat dissipation, active smoke exhaust, fire isolation, automatic power-off and inert gas fire extinguishing, and realizes the cooperative action of power-off and isolation through mechanical linkage, which is highly reliable, responds quickly and significantly improves the safety protection level of the electrical cabinet of the high-speed train.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical cabinet technology, specifically to a detachable electrical cabinet structure and fireproof and heat dissipation method for high-speed trains. Background Technology

[0002] As the core equipment of modern rail transit, the safety and reliability of the electrical systems of high-speed trains and bullet trains are directly related to operational safety and the safety of passengers' lives and property. Electrical cabinets are core components in high-speed trains, housing key electrical components such as circuit breakers, contactors, frequency converters, and control units. They are typically located inside the carriages or equipment compartments. Due to the complex operating environment of trains, the enclosed space, and the long-term high-load operation of electrical components, heat easily accumulates inside the electrical cabinets. If heat dissipation is not timely, it can lead to a decline in component performance and a shortened lifespan, or even cause insulation aging, short circuits, or fires.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application No. CN201910660668.1 discloses an electrical cabinet structure using aerospace-grade aluminum for high-speed rail air conditioning. The electrical cabinet structure includes a front frame module, a left frame module, a right frame module, a rear frame module, reinforcing corner components, slide rails, and baffles. The reinforcing corner components are respectively located at the four corners of the top and bottom of the electrical cabinet structure. The slide rails are located on the top side of the electrical cabinet structure near the right frame module, and the baffles are located on the top side of the electrical cabinet structure near the left frame module. This design effectively improves the overall strength of the cabinet frame and, compared to electrical cabinets using ordinary aluminum, significantly enhances the seismic performance of the electrical cabinet. It effectively meets the usage requirements of high-speed train air conditioning electrical cabinets while also being aesthetically pleasing and environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the lightweight nature of aluminum facilitates the overall assembly and disassembly of the electrical cabinet, enhancing its practicality. Currently, the heat dissipation methods for electrical cabinets in high-speed trains mostly employ axial flow fans for forced air cooling or natural convection cooling. These solutions have significant shortcomings: firstly, the fans consume electrical energy during long-term operation and are prone to mechanical failure; if the fans fail while the train is stationary, the cooling capacity drops sharply; secondly, they fail to utilize the wind pressure generated during high-speed train operation, resulting in energy waste. Regarding fire protection, most existing electrical cabinets are only equipped with fixed fire extinguishing devices (such as fire extinguishing balls and aerosol generators) or rely on manual inspection and handling, lacking the ability to actively detect and remove smoke in the early stages of a fire. Once a fire starts inside the cabinet, smoke can easily spread into the carriage through ventilation holes or gaps, severely interfering with passenger evacuation and rescue visibility. Furthermore, it is difficult to simultaneously extinguish the fire and remove smoke after it starts; smoke removal can easily accelerate airflow, leading to a greater spread of the flames. At the same time, the existing structure cannot quickly cut off electrical circuits and isolate the fire source during a fire, causing the fault current to continuously supply heat energy, allowing the fire to spread rapidly and even ignite surrounding combustibles. In addition, the electrical connection between the inner mounting frame and the outer enclosure in traditional electrical cabinets is mostly done by fixed terminals or wire harness plug-in. During disassembly and maintenance, the wires need to be unplugged one by one, which is cumbersome and prone to incorrect connection. On the other hand, pluggable connections often become loose due to vibration because the locking mechanism is unreliable, which affects driving safety.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an electrical cabinet structure that combines efficient heat dissipation, active smoke extraction in case of fire, and automatic physical isolation, rapid power cut-off, and active fire extinguishing in the event of a fire, which is easy to disassemble and maintain, in order to improve the operational safety of high-speed trains. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains. This electrical cabinet structure integrates functions such as daily heat dissipation, fire detection, active smoke exhaust, fire isolation, automatic power-off and inert gas extinguishing. Through mechanical linkage, it achieves coordinated action of power-off and isolation, which is highly reliable and responds quickly, significantly improving the safety protection level of electrical cabinets for high-speed trains.

[0006] The detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains includes an outer casing and an inner mounting frame; The bottom of the outer casing is provided with a mounting base. The bottom of the inner mounting frame includes a base plate, a fixed bracket, and multiple mounting trays. A locking box is fixedly mounted on the base plate. An upper power strip is provided inside the locking box. A lower power strip is provided inside the mounting base. The lower end of the upper power strip passes through the base plate and is inserted into the lower power strip. Electrical components are fixedly mounted on the mounting trays. The electrical components are connected to the upper power strip through electrical wires. The outer casing back panel is provided with an air guide pipe and multiple air vents, all of which are connected to the air guide pipe. The air guide pipe is connected to an exhaust pipe, the end of which extends to the outside of the train. The outer casing side wall is provided with a ventilation window. The top inner wall of the outer casing is provided with a fixed frame and a flexible fireproof cover. The top of the flexible fireproof cover is fixed to the top of the outer casing, and the bottom of the flexible fireproof cover is fixed to the fixed frame. The fixed frame is provided with multiple locking holes. The top of the outer casing is also provided with a drive motor. The lower end of the output shaft of the drive motor is provided with a rotating drive disk. A rotating insert is fixedly connected to the rotating drive disk. The rotating insert is inserted into the locking holes. The drive motor is used to drive all the rotating inserts to rotate, so that the rotating inserts move out of the locking holes, thereby causing the fixed frame to fall and drive the flexible fireproof cover to cover the inner mounting frame.

[0007] Furthermore, the mounting base is also provided with two mounting slide rails, each with a slide rail groove. The bottom of the base plate is fixed with two supporting sliding bars, which are slidably disposed in the two mounting slide rail grooves. The supporting sliding bars and the mounting slide rail grooves are provided with corresponding threaded holes. The supporting sliding bars are locked in the slide rail grooves by fastening screws.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper plug bar is provided with a release push plate in the middle; the upper plug bar is provided with a first locking slot and a second locking slot on both sides respectively; The locking box is equipped with an upper retaining ring plate, a lower retaining ring plate, and a plurality of first springs. The upper end of the first spring abuts against the bottom surface of the release push plate, and the lower end of the first spring abuts against the base plate. The upper insert plate passes through the upper and lower retaining ring plates simultaneously. The upper and lower retaining ring plates are relatively vertical and slidably disposed in the locking box. The end of the upper retaining ring plate is engaged in the first retaining groove, and the end of the lower retaining ring plate is engaged in the second retaining groove. The upper retaining ring plate is fixedly connected to the end of a first unlocking push rod, and the lower retaining ring plate is fixedly connected to a second unlocking push rod. The first unlocking push rod and the second unlocking push rod pass through the locking housing from both sides and extend to the outside of the inner mounting frame.

[0009] Furthermore, locking springs are fitted on the first unlocking push rod and the second unlocking push rod, and fixed push plates are fixed on both the first unlocking push rod and the second unlocking push rod. The two fixed push plates and the two locking springs are all located outside the locking box. The locking spring abuts against the fixed push plate and the outer wall of the locking box at both ends.

[0010] Furthermore, both the first unlocking push rod and the second unlocking push rod are provided with inclined push plates at their ends. The inclined push plates include two fixedly connected inclined panels, and the outer side of the inclined panels is a pushing inclined surface. The fixed frame falls and pushes the first unlocking push rod and the second unlocking push rod to move towards the locking box at the same time, so that the ends of the upper and lower retaining ring plates slide out from the first retaining groove and the second retaining groove at the same time.

[0011] Furthermore, a fire extinguishing canister is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the outer casing. The fire extinguishing canister is filled with high-pressure nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas. A fire extinguishing end cap is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fire extinguishing canister. A crushing groove is provided on the side of the fire extinguishing end cap, and a crushing disc is provided in the crushing groove. One of the rotating insert plates has a fragment protrusion on its side, which is used to crush the fragments when the drive disc rotates.

[0012] Furthermore, the mounting base is also provided with a rectangular closed groove, and two spring mounting holes are provided in the closed groove. Each mounting hole is provided with a pull-down spring. The lower end of the pull-down spring is fixed in the mounting hole. The top of the pull-down spring is provided with a connecting hook. The bottom of the fixing frame is also provided with a hook groove, and the connecting hook is connected to the hook groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the air guide pipe includes a main air guide pipe and a branch air guide pipe. The branch air guide pipe is connected to a flow air hole, and the main air guide pipe is connected to the branch air guide pipe. The two ends of the main air guide pipe are respectively fixedly connected to a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe. A first solenoid valve is connected to the first exhaust pipe, and a second solenoid valve and a vacuum pump are connected to the second exhaust pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a controller, a temperature sensor, and a smoke sensor; the temperature sensor is used to obtain the temperature inside the outer casing to determine whether the outer casing needs heat dissipation; the smoke sensor is used to obtain the smoke concentration inside the outer casing to determine whether a fire has occurred inside the outer casing. The controller is connected to the train control system and obtains the train speed. When it is necessary to check whether the outer casing needs heat dissipation or to exhaust smoke after a fire, it controls the first solenoid valve to open to use the negative pressure of the train to extract air from the outer casing, or controls the second solenoid valve and the air extraction pump to start extracting air from the outer casing.

[0015] The present invention also provides a fireproof and heat dissipation method for a detachable electrical cabinet used in high-speed trains, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Temperature and smoke sensors detect the outer casing temperature and smoke concentration in real time; if the outer casing temperature exceeds a predetermined value, proceed to step S2; if the smoke concentration reaches a predetermined value, proceed to steps S2-S5 simultaneously. S2: The controller acquires the train's speed in real time; it determines whether the vehicle is in motion. If the vehicle is in motion, it executes step S21; if the vehicle is in a stationary state, it executes step S22. S21: The controller controls the opening of the first solenoid valve. When the train is running, the high-speed airflow at the end of the first exhaust pipe generates a negative pressure suction force on the first exhaust pipe, thereby drawing out the air from the outer box to reduce the temperature inside the outer box or reduce the smoke concentration inside the outer box. S22: The controller controls the opening of the second solenoid valve and the air pump. The air pump continuously extracts gas from the outer casing to reduce the temperature inside the outer casing or reduce the smoke concentration inside the outer casing. S3: The controller controls the drive motor to rotate, causing the rotating insert plate to move out of the locking hole on the inner wall of the fixed frame, causing the fixed frame to fall and drive the flexible fireproof cover to cover the inner mounting frame, thereby enclosing the burning electrical components inside the flexible fireproof cover and preventing the fire from spreading to the outside of the box. S4: During the descent of the fixed frame, the inclined push plates at the ends of the first and second unlocking push rods are simultaneously pressed to push the first and second unlocking push rods to move towards the locking box at the same time, so that the ends of the upper and lower retaining ring plates slide out of the first and second locking grooves at the same time; the first spring pushes the push plate away, causing the upper plug plate to move up, so that the upper and lower plug plates are disengaged; S5: The drive motor continues to rotate, and the rotating plate moves to a predetermined angle, causing the fragment to bulge and crush the fragment to break the fire extinguishing end cap, thereby opening the fire extinguishing canister. The nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas inside the fire extinguishing canister overflows, diluting the oxygen content in the air inside the flexible fireproof cover, so that the flame inside the flexible fireproof cover is quickly extinguished.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains and its fireproof and heat dissipation method of the present invention are as follows: (1) The detachable electrical cabinet structure includes an outer casing and an inner mounting bracket; the back panel of the outer casing is provided with a vent pipe and multiple ventilation holes, all of which are connected to the vent pipe, which is connected to an exhaust pipe, the end of which extends to the outside of the train; the side wall of the outer casing is provided with a ventilation window; a temperature sensor and a smoke sensor are provided inside the outer casing; when the temperature of the outer casing is too high or smoke is generated due to fire, and the train is in motion, the controller can automatically open the first solenoid valve, using the negative pressure suction generated at the end of the exhaust pipe when the train is moving at high speed to continuously extract the hot air inside the cabinet, achieving zero-load ventilation. The invention employs a dual-mode cooling and smoke extraction strategy, utilizing both the negative pressure suction generated at the end of the exhaust pipe during high-speed train operation and the active suction of the air pump. This strategy leverages the free energy of the running wind pressure while ensuring cooling capacity during stationary operation, effectively preventing electrical components from failing due to overheating and smoke from fires within the electrical cabinet structure.

[0017] (2) The bottom of the inner mounting frame of the detachable electrical cabinet structure includes a base plate, a fixed bracket, and multiple mounting trays. The inner mounting frame slides with the mounting rail via a support sliding strip and is locked with fastening screws. A locking box is fixedly installed on the base plate, and an upper plug-in plate is installed inside the locking box. A lower plug-in plate is installed inside the mounting base, and the lower end of the upper plug-in plate passes through the base plate and is inserted into the lower plug-in plate. Electrical components are fixedly installed on the mounting trays, and the electrical components are connected to the upper plug-in plate via electrical wires. A first locking slot and a second locking slot are respectively provided on both sides of the upper plug-in plate. The upper plug-in plate passes through and inserts into the upper and lower retaining ring plates. The upper and lower retaining ring plates are slidably disposed within the locking housing, with the upper retaining ring plate end engaging the first retaining groove and the lower retaining ring plate end engaging the second retaining groove. A first unlocking push rod is fixedly connected to the end of the upper retaining ring plate, and a second unlocking push rod is fixedly connected to the lower retaining ring plate. When electrical components within the electrical cabinet structure require maintenance or replacement, simply remove the fastening screws on the support sliding strip and simultaneously push the first and second unlocking push rods. This allows the upper power strip plate to move upwards under the spring force of the first spring, thereby disengaging all electrical components from the lower power strip plate. This enables rapid assembly and disassembly of the outer housing and the inner mounting bracket. This invention simultaneously locks the upper power strip plate with the upper and lower retaining ring plates, ensuring both the reliability of the electrical connections within the electrical cabinet and the ease of assembly and disassembly of the outer housing and the inner mounting bracket.

[0018] (3) When a fire breaks out inside the outer casing of the detachable electrical cabinet, the drive motor rotates all the rotating inserts, causing them to move out of the locking holes. This causes the fixed frame to fall, pulling the flexible fireproof cover over the inner mounting frame. During the fall, the fixed frame simultaneously pushes the first and second unlocking push rods towards the locking housing, causing the ends of the upper and lower retaining rings to slide out of the first and second retaining grooves. This causes the upper insert plate to immediately move upward under the force of the first spring, thus disconnecting all electrical components from the lower insert plate, de-energizing the electrical components inside the electrical cabinet, and moving the rotating inserts to the pre-locked position. After being angled, the protruding fragments crush the extinguishing end cap, opening the extinguishing canister and releasing nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas. This dilutes the oxygen content in the air inside the flexible fireproof cover, allowing the flames inside to extinguish quickly. This detachable electrical cabinet structure allows the flexible fireproof cover to automatically descend and seal the frame under the rotation of a drive motor after a fire starts. The extinguishing gas from the canister quickly extinguishes the flames inside the outer casing. During the descent of the flexible fireproof cover, power to the electrical components inside the cabinet is automatically cut off, and the smoke generated by the fire is immediately exhausted by an air pump or the vehicle's air pressure. This detachable electrical cabinet structure actively vents smoke during a fire, reducing smoke concentration in the carriage and creating a safe environment for passenger evacuation and firefighting by crew. Simultaneously, the automatic descent of the flexible fireproof cover physically isolates the flames, allowing the firefighting and smoke extraction processes to proceed simultaneously, ensuring that the airflow generated during smoke extraction does not intensify the flames. The flexible fireproof cover automatically descends to physically isolate the flames. Combined with the extinguishing gas sprayed from the fire extinguishing canister, the flames can be extinguished quickly. This extinguishing process does not require personnel to approach the fire source, and the extinguishing gas leaves no residue and is non-conductive, making it particularly suitable for extinguishing fires involving precision electrical equipment. Simultaneously, during the descent of the flexible fireproof cover, the first and second unlocking levers unlock at the same time, enabling synchronous power cut-off during the extinguishing process. This ensures that electrical components are automatically disconnected from power immediately after a fire breaks out, eliminating the risk of electric shock during firefighting and subsequent maintenance, protecting personnel safety, and preventing the continuous conversion of electrical energy into heat energy, thus avoiding the rapid spread of fire due to short-circuit current, electric arcs, or line overload. The automatic separation of electrical components can also quickly cut off fault current, preventing the fault point from continuing to burn and preventing expensive electrical modules such as circuit breakers, contactors, and frequency converters from being burned out, minimizing equipment damage and maintenance costs.

[0019] (4) The fireproof and heat dissipation method of the detachable electrical cabinet structure of the present invention can automatically dissipate heat from the electrical cabinet by utilizing the wind pressure of the train during operation, and can simultaneously release the fire cover to isolate the fire source, cut off the power to the electrical components, extinguish the fire with gas and exhaust smoke when a fire is detected. It can significantly improve the safety protection level of the electrical cabinet of the high-speed train. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a first embodiment of a detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a second detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the internal structure of a detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a flexible fireproof cover for a detachable electrical cabinet structure used in high-speed trains, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a drive motor for a detachable electrical cabinet structure used in high-speed trains, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the upper and lower power strips of a detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the upper plug-in panel of a detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the installation structure of the upper plug-in panel of a detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a fireproof and heat dissipation method for a detachable electrical cabinet used in high-speed trains, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the above diagram: 100-outer casing, 101-mounting base, 102-top plate of outer casing, 103-ventilation window; 110-mounting slide rail, 120-enclosed groove, 121-spring mounting hole; 200-inner mounting bracket, 201-base plate, 202-plug strip clearance groove, 203-support sliding bar, 210-mounting tray; 300-main exhaust pipe, 301-branch exhaust pipe, 310-first exhaust pipe, 311-first solenoid valve, 320-second exhaust pipe, 321-second solenoid valve, 400-flexible fireproof cover, 401-fixed frame, 402-locking hole, 403-guide hole, 404-guide slide bar, 500-drive motor Machine, 501- Rotating drive disc, 502- Rotating insert plate, 503- Fragment protrusion; 510- Fire extinguisher, 511- Fire extinguishing end cap, 512- Fragment, 600- Locking box, 610- Box cover, 620- Upper retaining ring plate, 621- First unlocking push rod, 622- Inclined push plate, 623- Locking spring, 624- Fixed push plate, 630- Lower retaining ring plate, 631- Second unlocking push rod, 700- Upper insert plate, 701- Pressing plate, 702- Disengagement push plate, 703- First spring, 704- First locking slot, 705- Second locking slot, 710- Lower insert plate, 800- Pull-down spring, 801- Connecting hook. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] Although the steps in this invention are arranged by reference numerals, this is not intended to limit the order of the steps. Unless the order of the steps is explicitly stated or the execution of a step requires other steps as a basis, the relative order of the steps can be adjusted. It is understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 The present invention provides a detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains, comprising an outer casing 100 and an inner mounting frame 200.

[0034] The outer casing 100 has a mounting base 101 at its bottom, and the mounting base 101 is also provided with two mounting slide rails 110. The mounting slide rails 110 are provided with slide rail grooves. The bottom of the inner mounting frame 200 includes a base plate 201, a fixed bracket, and multiple mounting trays 210. The base plate 201 has two supporting sliding bars 203 at its fixed bottom. The two supporting sliding bars 203 are slidably disposed in the two mounting slide rail grooves. The supporting sliding bars 203 and the mounting slide rail grooves are provided with corresponding threaded holes. The supporting sliding bars 203 are locked in the slide rail grooves by fastening screws. After the fastening screws are locked, the inner mounting bracket 200 is firmly fixed to the mounting base 101; the mounting plate 210 is installed vertically and fixed to the fixing bracket of the inner mounting bracket 200 by screws; the base plate 201 is provided with a locking box 600, and the locking box 600 is provided with an upper plug bar plate 700; the mounting base 101 is provided with a lower mounting cavity, and the lower plug bar plate 710 is fixedly installed in the lower mounting cavity. The lower plug bar plate 710 is provided with electrical wires for external connection and multiple insertion holes. The lower end of the upper plug bar plate 700 is provided with a conductive plug that matches the insertion hole. The conductive plug at the lower end of the upper plug bar plate 700 passes through the plug bar clearance groove 202 on the base plate 201 and inserts into the insertion hole on the lower plug bar plate 710; electrical components are fixedly installed on the mounting plate 210, and the electrical components are connected to the upper plug bar plate 700 through electrical wires; this allows for convenient electrical connection between the electrical components and external circuits or electrical equipment. The number of electrical components is set according to actual needs. Figure 3 Only two electrical components are shown for illustration.

[0035] The outer casing 100 has an air duct and multiple ventilation holes on its back panel. The ventilation holes are all connected to the air duct. The air duct is connected to an exhaust pipe, and the end of the exhaust pipe extends to the outside of the train, for example, the end of the exhaust pipe is fixed to the bottom of the train or the side wall of the train. The side wall of the outer casing 100 has a ventilation window 103. Specifically, the air duct includes a main air duct 300 and a branch air duct 301. The branch air duct 301 is connected to the ventilation holes, and the main air duct 300 is connected to the branch air duct 301. The two ends of the main air duct 300 are respectively fixedly connected to a first exhaust pipe 310 and a second exhaust pipe 320. A first solenoid valve 311 is connected to the first exhaust pipe 310, and a second solenoid valve 321 and a vacuum pump (not shown in the figure) are connected to the second exhaust pipe 320.

[0036] The detachable electrical cabinet structure also includes a controller, a temperature sensor, and a smoke sensor (the controller, temperature sensor, and smoke sensor are not shown in the figure); the temperature sensor is used to obtain the temperature inside the outer casing 100 to determine whether the outer casing 100 needs heat dissipation; the smoke sensor is used to obtain the smoke concentration inside the outer casing 100 to determine whether a fire has occurred in the outer casing 100; the controller is connected to the train control system and obtains the train speed, and when heat dissipation of the outer casing 100 is required or smoke exhaust is required after a fire, it controls the first solenoid valve 311 to open to use the negative pressure of the train to extract air from the outer casing 100, or controls the second solenoid valve 321 and the air extraction pump to start the air extraction of the outer casing 100.

[0037] Specifically, when the temperature inside the outer casing 100 is too high or smoke is generated due to fire, and the train is in motion, the controller automatically opens the first solenoid valve 311. Utilizing the negative pressure suction generated at the end of the exhaust pipe when the train is moving at high speed, the hot air inside the cabinet is continuously extracted, achieving forced heat dissipation without additional energy consumption. It also allows the smoke inside the outer casing 100 to be discharged immediately, preventing the smoke from spreading into the carriage and affecting passenger evacuation and rescue. When the train stops, it can switch to active heat dissipation and smoke extraction using an air pump. This invention adopts a dual-mode heat dissipation and smoke extraction strategy, combining the negative pressure suction generated at the end of the exhaust pipe when the train is moving at high speed with active suction from an air pump. This utilizes the free energy of the running wind pressure while ensuring heat dissipation capacity when the train is stopped, effectively preventing electrical components from failing due to overheating and the problem of smoke spreading due to fire inside the electrical cabinet structure.

[0038] The locking housing 600 is provided with a cover 610, which has an insertion slot. An upper insert plate 700 passes through the insertion slot. A pressing plate 701 is provided on the top of the upper insert plate 700, and a release push plate 702 is provided in the middle of the upper insert plate 700. The release push plate 702 is located inside the locking housing 600. A first locking groove 704 and a second locking groove 705 are respectively provided on both sides of the upper insert plate 700. The locking housing 600 is provided with an upper retaining ring plate 620, a lower retaining ring plate 630, and a plurality of first springs 703. The upper ends of the first springs 703 abut against the bottom surface of the release push plate 702, and the lower ends of the first springs 703 abut against the base plate. 201; The upper insert plate 700 passes through the upper retaining ring plate 620 and the lower retaining ring plate 630. The upper retaining ring plate 620 and the lower retaining ring plate 630 are slidably disposed in the locking housing 600 with their upper and lower sides opposite each other. The end of the upper retaining ring plate 620 is engaged in the first locking groove 704, and the end of the lower retaining ring plate 630 is engaged in the second locking groove 705. The end of the upper retaining ring plate 620 is fixedly connected to the first unlocking push rod 621, and the lower retaining ring plate 630 is fixedly connected to the second unlocking push rod 631. The first unlocking push rod 621 and the second unlocking push rod 631 pass through the locking housing 600 from both sides and extend to the outside of the inner mounting bracket 200.

[0039] Locking springs 623 are fitted onto the first unlocking push rod 621 and the second unlocking push rod 631. Fixed push plates 624 are fixedly mounted on both the first unlocking push rod 621 and the second unlocking push rod 631. The two fixed push plates 624 and the two locking springs 623 are located outside the locking housing 600. The two ends of the locking springs 623 abut against the fixed push plates 624 and the outer wall of the locking housing 600, respectively.

[0040] In the detachable electrical cabinet structure of the present invention, the upper plug panel 700 is locked by the upper retaining ring plate 620 and the lower retaining ring plate 630 at the same time, ensuring that the upper plug panel 700 is reliably locked in the locking housing 600, thereby ensuring the stability of the electrical connection between the upper plug panel 700 and the lower plug panel 710, and preventing accidental contact of the unlocking push rod. That is, if only one unlocking push rod is pushed incorrectly, the electrical connection between the upper plug panel 700 and the lower plug panel 710 will not be disengaged. Only when both unlocking push rods are pushed at the same time will the upper plug panel 700 and the lower plug panel 710 be disengaged from each other. When electrical components within the electrical cabinet require maintenance or replacement, simply remove the fastening screws on the support sliding bar 203 and simultaneously push the first unlocking push rod 621 and the second unlocking push rod 631. This allows the upper socket plate 700 to move upwards under the force of the first spring, thereby disengaging all electrical components from the lower socket plate 710. This enables quick assembly and disassembly of the outer casing 100 and the inner mounting bracket 200. The invention simultaneously locks the upper socket plate 700 using upper and lower retaining rings, ensuring both the reliability of the electrical connections within the electrical cabinet and the ease of assembly and disassembly of the outer casing 100 and the inner mounting bracket 200.

[0041] Both the first unlocking push rod 621 and the second unlocking push rod 631 are provided with inclined push plates 622 at their ends. Each inclined push plate 622 includes two fixedly connected inclined panels. The outer surface of each inclined panel is a pushing inclined surface. The top inner wall of the outer casing 100 is provided with a fixed frame 401 and a flexible fireproof cover 400. The fixed frame 401 is a rectangular fixed frame. The flexible fireproof cover 400 is made of a flexible, fireproof, and airtight material, such as aerogel felt. The top of the flexible fireproof cover 400 is fixed to the top of the outer casing 100, and the bottom of the flexible fireproof cover 400 is fixed to the top of the outer casing 100. The fixed frame 401 has multiple locking holes 402 on its inner wall. The top of the outer housing 100 is also equipped with a drive motor 500. The lower end of the output shaft of the drive motor 500 is equipped with a rotating drive disk 501. A rotating insert plate 502 is fixedly connected to the rotating drive disk 501. The rotating insert plate 502 is inserted into the locking hole 402. The drive motor 500 is used to drive all the rotating insert plates 502 to rotate, so that the rotating insert plates 502 move out of the locking hole 402, thereby causing the fixed frame 401 to fall and drive the flexible fireproof cover 400 to cover the inner mounting frame 200.

[0042] The inner wall of the top of the outer casing 100 is also fixedly provided with a fire extinguishing tank 510, which is filled with high-pressure fire extinguishing gas (such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas). The bottom of the fire extinguishing tank 510 is also fixedly provided with a fire extinguishing end cap 511. The side of the fire extinguishing end cap 511 is provided with a crushing groove, and the crushing groove is provided with crushing discs 512. A rotating insert plate 502 is provided with a crushing disc protrusion 503 on its side. The crushing disc protrusion 503 is used to crush the crushing discs 512 when the rotating drive disc 501 rotates.

[0043] When a fire breaks out inside the outer casing 100, the drive motor 500 rotates all the rotating insert plates 502, causing them to move out of the locking holes 402. This causes the fixed frame 401 to fall, pulling the flexible fireproof cover 400 to cover the inner mounting bracket 200. During the fall, the fixed frame 401 simultaneously pushes the first unlocking push rod 621 and the second unlocking push rod 631 towards the locking casing 600, causing the ends of the upper retaining ring plate 620 and the lower retaining ring plate 630 to slide out of the first locking groove 704 and the second locking groove 705 respectively. The upper insert plate 700 then immediately moves upward under the force of the first spring, disconnecting all electrical components from the lower insert plate 710, thus de-energizing the electrical components inside the electrical cabinet. After the rotating insert 502 moves to a predetermined angle, the fragment protrusion 503 crushes the fragment 512 to break the fire extinguishing end cap 511, thereby opening the fire extinguishing canister 510. The fire extinguishing gas inside the fire extinguishing canister 510 overflows, diluting the oxygen content in the air inside the flexible fireproof cover 400, so that the flame inside the flexible fireproof cover 400 is quickly extinguished. After the fire starts, the flexible fireproof cover 400 can automatically fall and close the fixed frame 401 under the rotation of the drive motor 500, and the fire extinguishing canister 510 sprays fire extinguishing gas to quickly extinguish the flame inside the outer box 100. In addition, the power supply to the electrical components inside the electrical cabinet can be automatically completed during the falling of the flexible fireproof cover 400, and the smoke generated by the fire can be discharged by the air pump or the wind pressure of the vehicle movement in the first time.

[0044] The detachable electrical cabinet structure of this invention can actively vent smoke during a fire, reducing the smoke concentration in the carriage and creating a safe environment for passenger evacuation and firefighting by crew members. Simultaneously, the flexible fireproof cover 400 automatically descends to physically isolate the flames, ensuring that the airflow generated during smoke extraction does not intensify the fire. The automatic descent of the flexible fireproof cover 400, combined with the extinguishing gas sprayed from the fire extinguishing canister 510, enables rapid extinguishing of the flames. This extinguishing process requires no personnel to approach the fire source, and the extinguishing gas leaves no residue and is non-conductive, making it particularly suitable for extinguishing fires involving precision electrical equipment. Furthermore, the automatic separation of electrical components during a fire ensures no risk of electric shock during firefighting and subsequent maintenance, protecting personnel safety. It also prevents the continuous conversion of electrical energy into heat energy, avoiding rapid fire spread due to short-circuit current, arcing, or line overload. The automatic separation of electrical components can also quickly cut off fault current, preventing continued burning at the fault point and protecting expensive electrical modules such as circuit breakers, contactors, and frequency converters from burning out, minimizing equipment damage and maintenance costs.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the mounting base 101 is further provided with a rectangular closed groove 120. The sidewall of the closed groove 120 may also be provided with an elastic sealing strip (not shown in the figure). The closed groove 120 is also provided with two spring mounting holes 121, each containing a pull-down spring 800. The lower end of the pull-down spring 800 is fixed within the spring mounting hole 121, and the top of the pull-down spring 800 is provided with a connecting hook 801. A hook groove is also provided below the fixed frame 401, and the connecting hook 801 connects to the hook groove. The pull-down spring 800 is used to pull down the fixed frame 401 using its elastic force after the rotating insert 502 releases the lock on the fixed frame 401, allowing the fixed frame 401 to quickly fall into the closed groove 120 of the mounting base 101. This ensures the airtight seal of the flexible fireproof cover 400 to the inner mounting frame 200, improving the fire extinguishing effect of the extinguishing gas on the flame.

[0046] The top of the outer casing 100 is also provided with two guide slide rods 404, which are located on both sides of the flexible fireproof cover 400. The fixed frame 401 is also provided with two guide holes 403, through which the two guide slide rods 404 pass. The lower end of the guide slide rods 404 extends into the closed groove 120. The guide slide rods 404 ensure that the fixed frame 401 remains horizontal when it falls, preventing the fixed frame 401 from tilting during the fall. This allows the fixed frame 401 to simultaneously push the first unlocking push rod 621 and the second unlocking push rod 631 by squeezing the two inclined push plates 622 when it falls, thus ensuring the unlocking of the upper power strip 700 is completed, thereby completing the automatic power-off separation of the electrical components.

[0047] refer to Figure 11The present invention also provides a fireproof and heat dissipation method for a detachable electrical cabinet used in high-speed trains, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Temperature and smoke sensors monitor the temperature and smoke concentration of the outer casing 100 in real time; if the temperature of the outer casing 100 exceeds a predetermined value, proceed to step S2; if the smoke concentration reaches a predetermined value, proceed to steps S2-S5 simultaneously. S2: The controller acquires the train's speed in real time; it determines whether the train is in motion. If the train is in motion, it executes step S21; if the train is stationary, it executes step S22. S21: The controller controls the first solenoid valve 311 to open. When the train is running, the high-speed airflow at the end of the first exhaust pipe 310 generates a negative pressure suction force on the first exhaust pipe 310, thereby drawing out the air inside the outer box 100 to reduce the temperature inside the outer box 100 or reduce the smoke concentration inside the outer box 100. S22: The controller controls the second solenoid valve 321 to open and the air pump to continuously extract the gas inside the outer casing 100 in order to reduce the temperature inside the outer casing 100 or reduce the smoke concentration inside the outer casing 100. S3: The controller controls the drive motor 500 to rotate, causing the rotating insert plate 502 to move out of the locking hole 402 on the inner wall of the fixed frame 401, causing the fixed frame 401 to fall and drive the flexible fireproof cover 400 to cover the inner mounting bracket 200, thereby enclosing the burning electrical components inside the flexible fireproof cover 400 and preventing the fire from spreading to the outside of the box. S4: During the descent of the fixed frame 401, the inclined push plate 622 at the ends of the first unlocking push rod 621 and the second unlocking push rod 631 is simultaneously pressed, so as to push the first unlocking push rod 621 and the second unlocking push rod 631 to move towards the locking box 600 at the same time, thereby causing the ends of the upper retaining ring plate 620 and the lower retaining ring plate 630 to slide out from the first locking groove 704 and the second locking groove 705 at the same time; the first spring 703 pushes away from the push plate 702, causing the upper plug plate 700 to move upward, thereby causing the upper plug plate 700 to separate from the lower plug plate 710; S5: The drive motor 500 continues to rotate, and the rotating insert 502 moves to a predetermined angle, causing the fragment protrusion 503 to crush the fragment 512 to break the fire extinguishing end cap 511, thereby opening the fire extinguishing canister 510. The nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas in the fire extinguishing canister 510 overflows, diluting the oxygen content in the air inside the flexible fireproof cover 400, so that the flame inside the flexible fireproof cover 400 is quickly extinguished.

[0048] The present invention provides a fireproof and heat dissipation method for a detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains. When the train is running, it can automatically dissipate heat from the electrical cabinet using the wind pressure of the train. When a fire is detected, it can simultaneously release a fire cover to isolate the fire source, cut off power to electrical components, extinguish the fire with gas, and exhaust smoke. This can significantly improve the safety protection level of electrical cabinets in high-speed trains.

[0049] In this document, the directional terms such as front, back, top, and bottom are defined based on the location of the components in the accompanying drawings and their relative positions to each other, solely for the purpose of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of these directional terms should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0050] Where there is no conflict, the above embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains, characterized in that: Includes outer casing (100) and inner mounting bracket (200); The outer casing (100) has a mounting base (101) at the bottom. The inner mounting bracket (200) includes a base plate (201), a fixed bracket, and multiple mounting trays (210) at the bottom. A locking box (600) is fixedly mounted on the base plate (201). An upper plug bar (700) is provided inside the locking box (600). A lower plug bar (710) is provided inside the mounting base (101). The lower end of the upper plug bar (700) passes through the base plate (201) and is inserted into the lower plug bar (710). Electrical components are fixedly mounted on the mounting trays (210). The electrical components are connected to the upper plug bar (700) through electrical wires. The outer casing (100) has an air duct and multiple air holes on its back panel. The air holes are all connected to the air duct. The air duct is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the end of the exhaust pipe extends to the outside of the train. The outer casing (100) has a ventilation window (103) on its side wall. The top inner wall of the outer casing (100) is provided with a fixed frame (401) and a flexible fireproof cover (400). The top of the flexible fireproof cover (400) is fixed to the top of the outer casing (100), and the bottom of the flexible fireproof cover (400) is fixed to the fixed frame (401). The fixed frame (401) is provided with multiple locking holes (402) inside. The top of the outer casing (100) is also provided with a drive motor (500). The lower end of the output shaft of the drive motor (500) is provided with a rotating drive disk (501). A rotating insert plate (502) is fixedly connected to the rotating drive disk (501), and the rotating insert plate (502) is inserted into the locking hole (402). The drive motor (500) is used to drive all rotating inserts (502) to rotate, so that the rotating inserts (502) move out of the locking holes (402), thereby causing the fixed frame (401) to fall and drive the flexible fireproof cover (400) to cover the inner mounting frame (200).

2. The detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base (101) is also provided with two mounting slide rails (110), and the mounting slide rails (110) are provided with slide rail grooves. The base plate (201) is fixed at the bottom and is provided with two supporting sliding strips (203). The two supporting sliding strips (203) are respectively slidably disposed in the two mounting slide rail grooves. The supporting sliding strips (203) and the mounting slide rail grooves are provided with corresponding threaded holes. The supporting sliding strips (203) are locked in the slide rail grooves by fastening screws.

3. The detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper insert plate (700) is provided with a release push plate (702) in the middle; the upper insert plate (700) is provided with a first locking slot (704) and a second locking slot (705) on both sides respectively; The locking housing (600) is provided with an upper retaining ring plate (620), a lower retaining ring plate (630) and a plurality of first springs (703). The upper end of the first spring (703) abuts against the bottom surface of the release push plate (702), and the lower end of the first spring (703) abuts against the base plate (201). The upper insert plate (700) passes through the upper retaining ring plate (620) and the lower retaining ring plate (630) at the same time. The upper retaining ring plate (620) and the lower retaining ring plate (630) are slidably disposed in the locking box (600) with the upper retaining ring plate (620) end inserted into the first locking groove (704) and the lower retaining ring plate (630) end inserted into the second locking groove (705). The upper retaining ring plate (620) is fixedly connected to the end of the first unlocking push rod (621), and the lower retaining ring plate (630) is fixedly connected to the second unlocking push rod (631). The first unlocking push rod (621) and the second unlocking push rod (631) pass through the locking box (600) from both sides and extend to the outside of the inner mounting bracket (200).

4. The detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to claim 3, characterized in that: Locking springs (623) are fitted on both the first unlocking push rod (621) and the second unlocking push rod (631). Fixed push plates (624) are fixed on both the first unlocking push rod (621) and the second unlocking push rod (631). The two fixed push plates (624) and the two locking springs (623) are located outside the locking box (600). The locking spring (623) abuts against the fixed push plate (624) and the outer wall of the locking box (600) at both ends.

5. A detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the first unlocking push rod (621) and the second unlocking push rod (631) are provided with inclined push plates (622) at their ends. The inclined push plates (622) include two fixedly connected inclined panels, and the outer side of the inclined panels is a pushing inclined surface. The fixed frame (401) falls down and pushes the first unlocking push rod (621) and the second unlocking push rod (631) to move towards the locking box (600) at the same time, so that the ends of the upper retaining ring plate (620) and the lower retaining ring plate (630) slide out from the first locking groove (704) and the second locking groove (705) at the same time.

6. The detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer casing (100) is also fixedly provided with a fire extinguishing tank (510) on the top inner wall. The fire extinguishing tank (510) is filled with high-pressure nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas. The bottom of the fire extinguishing tank (510) is also fixedly provided with a fire extinguishing end cap (511). The side of the fire extinguishing end cap (511) is provided with a crushing groove, and the crushing groove is provided with crushing pieces (512). One of the rotating inserts (502) has a fragment protrusion (503) on its side, which is used to crush the fragments (512) when the rotating drive disc (501) rotates.

7. A detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base (101) is also provided with a rectangular closed groove (120), and two spring mounting holes (121) are provided in the closed groove (120). A pull-down spring (800) is provided in each spring mounting hole (121). The lower end of the pull-down spring (800) is fixed in the spring mounting hole (121). A connecting hook (801) is provided on the top of the pull-down spring (800). A hook groove is also provided below the fixed frame (401). The connecting hook (801) is connected to the hook groove.

8. A detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air guide pipe includes an air guide main pipe (300) and an air guide branch pipe (301). The air guide branch pipe (301) is connected to a ventilation hole, and the air guide main pipe (300) is connected to the air guide branch pipe (301). The two ends of the air guide main pipe (300) are respectively fixedly connected to a first exhaust pipe (310) and a second exhaust pipe (320). A first solenoid valve (311) is connected to the first exhaust pipe (310), and a second solenoid valve (321) and a vacuum pump are connected to the second exhaust pipe (320).

9. A detachable electrical cabinet structure for high-speed trains according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a controller, a temperature sensor and a smoke sensor; the temperature sensor is used to obtain the temperature inside the outer casing (100) to determine whether the outer casing (100) needs heat dissipation; the smoke sensor is used to obtain the smoke concentration inside the outer casing (100) to determine whether a fire has occurred in the outer casing (100); The controller is connected to the train control system and obtains the train speed. When the outer casing (100) needs heat dissipation or smoke needs to be vented after a fire, the controller controls the first solenoid valve (311) to open to use the negative pressure of the train to vent air from the outer casing (100), or controls the second solenoid valve (321) and the air pump to start venting air from the outer casing (100).

10. A fireproof and heat dissipation method for a detachable electrical cabinet used in high-speed trains, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Temperature sensor and smoke sensor detect the temperature of outer casing (100) and smoke concentration in real time; if the temperature of outer casing (100) exceeds the predetermined value, step S2 is executed; if the smoke concentration reaches the predetermined value, steps S2-S5 are executed simultaneously. S2: The controller acquires the train speed in real time; determines whether the train is in motion. If the train is in motion, proceed to step S21; if the train is stationary, proceed to step S22. S21: The controller controls the first solenoid valve (311) to open. When the train is running, the high-speed airflow at the end of the first exhaust pipe (310) generates a negative pressure suction force on the first exhaust pipe (310), thereby drawing out the air in the outer box (100) to reduce the temperature inside the outer box (100) or reduce the smoke concentration inside the outer box (100). S22: The controller controls the second solenoid valve (321) to open and the air pump to continuously extract the gas inside the outer casing (100) to reduce the temperature inside the outer casing (100) or reduce the smoke concentration inside the outer casing (100). S3: The controller controls the drive motor (500) to rotate, causing the rotating insert plate (502) to move out of the locking hole (402) on the inner wall of the fixed frame (401), causing the fixed frame (401) to fall and drive the flexible fireproof cover (400) to cover the inner mounting bracket (200), thereby enclosing the burning electrical components in the flexible fireproof cover (400) and preventing the fire from spreading to the outside of the box; S4: During the descent of the fixed frame (401), the inclined push plate (622) at the ends of the first unlocking push rod (621) and the second unlocking push rod (631) is simultaneously squeezed, so as to push the first unlocking push rod (621) and the second unlocking push rod (631) to move towards the locking box (600) at the same time, so that the ends of the upper retaining ring plate (620) and the lower retaining ring plate (630) slide out from the first locking groove (704) and the second locking groove (705) at the same time; the first spring (703) pushes away from the push plate (702), causing the upper insert plate (700) to move upward, so that the upper insert plate (700) and the lower insert plate (710) are disengaged; S5: The drive motor (500) continues to rotate, and the rotating insert (502) moves to a predetermined angle, causing the fragment protrusion (503) to crush the fragment (512) to break the fire extinguishing end cap (511), thereby opening the fire extinguishing canister (510). The nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas in the fire extinguishing canister (510) overflows, diluting the oxygen content in the air inside the flexible fireproof cover (400), so that the flame inside the flexible fireproof cover (400) is quickly extinguished.

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