An intelligent tracker for photovoltaic panel angle adjustment

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic panel trackers, in particular to an intelligent tracker for angle adjustment of a photovoltaic panel, which comprises a light-pursuing detector, a fixed base and a universal adjusting support arranged on the fixed base, the universal adjusting support is composed of a transverse adjusting frame and a longitudinal adjusting frame, the transverse adjusting frame is rotatably arranged on the fixed base, and the longitudinal adjusting frame is hingedly arranged on the transverse adjusting frame; a transverse driving motor for driving the transverse adjusting frame to horizontally rotate is arranged on the transverse adjusting frame, and a longitudinal driving motor for driving the longitudinal adjusting frame to pitch and rotate is arranged on the transverse adjusting frame; a connecting support for mounting the photovoltaic panel is fixed to the top of the longitudinal adjusting frame, the light-pursuing detector is connected with a controller, the controller controls the transverse driving motor and the longitudinal driving motor according to the light signal collected by the light-pursuing detector, and the double-axis angle intelligent adjustment of the photovoltaic panel is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel tracker technology, specifically an intelligent tracker for adjusting the angle of photovoltaic panels. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is currently the mainstream clean energy generation method, with advantages such as environmental protection, energy saving, and renewability. It is widely used in residential, industrial, and large-scale photovoltaic power plant fields. The power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels is directly related to the angle of sunlight incidence; the power generation reaches its maximum when sunlight shines perpendicularly on the photovoltaic panel.

[0003] Currently, the vast majority of photovoltaic panels on the market are installed using fixed brackets at a fixed preset angle. This means they cannot adjust to changes in the sun's altitude angle with the rising and setting of the sun or seasonal variations, resulting in high-efficiency power generation only during specific periods and low overall daily power utilization. Existing photovoltaic tracking devices are mostly single-axis tracking structures, capable only of horizontal angle adjustment and unable to adapt to changes in the sun's vertical altitude angle, leading to limited tracking accuracy. Furthermore, traditional solar tracking sensors often employ planar single-point detection structures, resulting in blind spots in light detection and susceptibility to environmental obstructions and scattered light interference, leading to large tracking deviations and lag in response. Moreover, the control systems are mostly open-loop, lacking angle feedback calibration, causing accumulated adjustment errors over long-term operation and further reducing power generation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent tracker for adjusting the angle of photovoltaic panels, so as to solve the technical problems of single tracking dimension, blind spot detection, low tracking accuracy and low power generation utilization in the existing technology, and realize all-weather, high-precision, blind spot-free intelligent light tracking of photovoltaic panels, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

[0005] A smart tracker for adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic panel includes a light-tracking detector, a fixed base, and a universal adjustment bracket mounted on the fixed base. The universal adjustment bracket consists of a horizontal adjustment frame and a vertical adjustment frame. The horizontal adjustment frame is rotatably mounted on the fixed base, and the vertical adjustment frame is hinged to the horizontal adjustment frame. The horizontal adjustment frame is equipped with a horizontal drive motor for driving the horizontal adjustment frame to rotate horizontally, and the horizontal adjustment frame is equipped with a vertical drive motor for driving the vertical adjustment frame to rotate pitch. A connecting bracket for mounting the photovoltaic panel is fixed to the top of the vertical adjustment frame. The light-tracking detector is connected to a controller, which controls the horizontal and vertical drive motors based on the light signal collected by the light-tracking detector, thereby realizing intelligent dual-axis angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel.

[0006] Furthermore, the light tracking detector consists of four identical photovoltaic detection panels, each tilted at a 45° angle to the photovoltaic panel, and each photovoltaic detection panel faces four different directions.

[0007] Furthermore, the fixed base has an internal cavity containing a battery that powers the controller, the horizontal drive motor, and the vertical drive motor. The battery is powered by a photovoltaic panel.

[0008] Furthermore, the fixed base is provided with a longitudinally arranged rotating support shaft, the transverse adjustment bracket is set on the rotating support shaft and rotatably connected to it, the transverse drive motor is fixed on the transverse adjustment bracket, and the output shaft of the transverse drive motor is connected to the rotating support shaft by a reduction gear set.

[0009] Furthermore, two sets of hinged supports are symmetrically arranged on the upper end of the transverse adjustment frame, and a hinged shaft connected to the rotating wheel is provided between the two sets of hinged supports. The longitudinal adjustment bracket is fixedly connected to the hinged shaft, and the output shaft of the longitudinal drive motor is connected to the hinged shaft by a reduction gear set.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes an angle detection module, which is connected to a horizontal angle sensor and a pitch angle sensor. The horizontal angle sensor is installed on the horizontal adjustment frame and is used to detect the horizontal rotation angle; the pitch angle sensor is installed on the vertical adjustment frame and is used to detect the vertical pitch angle. The angle detection module transmits the angle data to the controller in real time.

[0011] Furthermore, the controller incorporates a difference comparison system and a solar trajectory calculation system. The difference comparison system is used to collect and compare the differences in multiple illumination signals from the tracking detector and determine the direction and angle of solar offset. The solar trajectory calculation system combines local latitude and longitude and time information to calculate the real-time theoretical azimuth and altitude angles of the sun. The controller integrates the illumination difference data and the theoretical solar trajectory data to generate precise adjustment commands, controlling the horizontal drive motor and the vertical drive motor to achieve high-precision intelligent adjustment of the photovoltaic panel's dual-axis angle.

[0012] Furthermore, the controller is connected to a remote monitoring platform, which can upload equipment operation data, angle parameters, and power generation status data to the remote monitoring platform in real time. At the same time, it can receive remote control commands, parameter configuration commands, and manual adjustment commands issued by the remote monitoring platform.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention adopts a dual-axis universal adjustment structure, which can simultaneously achieve bidirectional adjustment of the horizontal azimuth angle and the vertical elevation angle, fully adapting to the sun's movement trajectory throughout the day. Compared with the traditional single-axis tracking structure, it has a wider tracking coverage range. This invention adopts a four-sided pyramidal photovoltaic detection panel combination light-tracking structure, which collects light signals in all directions and three-dimensionally, with no detection blind spots. It can effectively avoid scattered light and local shading interference, greatly improving the light detection accuracy and providing reliable data support for accurate tracking. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0016] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the universal adjustment bracket in this invention.

[0017] Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control system in this invention.

[0018] Among them: 1 light tracking detector and 11 photovoltaic detection panels; 2. Fixed base; 21. Storage battery; Universal Adjustable Bracket 3; 4. Lateral adjustment frame, 41. Lateral drive motor, 42. Rotary support shaft, 43. Hinge support, 44. Longitudinal adjustment frame 5, longitudinal drive motor 51; 6. Photovoltaic panel; 61. Connecting bracket; Controller 7, difference comparison system 71, solar trajectory calculation system 72, remote monitoring platform 73; 8-speed reduction gear set; Angle detection module 9, horizontal angle sensor 91, and pitch angle sensor 92. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0020] Please see Figs. 1-3A smart tracker for adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic panel includes a light-tracking detector 1, a fixed base 2, and a universal adjustment bracket 3 mounted on the fixed base 2. The universal adjustment bracket 3 consists of a horizontal adjustment frame 4 and a vertical adjustment frame 5. The horizontal adjustment frame 4 is rotatably mounted on the fixed base 2, and the vertical adjustment frame 5 is hinged to the horizontal adjustment frame 4. The horizontal adjustment frame 4 is equipped with a horizontal drive motor 41 for driving the horizontal adjustment frame 4 to rotate horizontally, and the horizontal adjustment frame 4 is equipped with a vertical drive motor 51 for driving the vertical adjustment frame 5 to rotate pitch. A connecting bracket 61 for mounting a photovoltaic panel 6 is fixed to the top of the vertical adjustment frame 5. The light-tracking detector 1 is connected to a controller 7. The controller 7 controls the horizontal drive motor 41 and the vertical drive motor 51 according to the light signal collected by the light-tracking detector 1 to realize the dual-axis intelligent adjustment of the angle of the photovoltaic panel 6.

[0021] In this embodiment, the controller 7 has a built-in difference comparison system 71 and a solar trajectory calculation system 72. The difference comparison system 71 is used to collect and compare the differences of multiple light signals from the light-tracking detector 1 and determine the direction and angle of solar offset. The solar trajectory calculation system 72 calculates the real-time theoretical azimuth and altitude angle of the sun by combining local latitude and longitude and time information. The controller 7 integrates the light difference data and the theoretical solar trajectory data to generate precise adjustment commands, control the horizontal drive motor 41 and the vertical drive motor 51 to move, and realize the high-precision intelligent adjustment of the dual-axis angle of the photovoltaic panel 6.

[0022] In this embodiment, the light-tracking detector 1 consists of four identical photovoltaic detection panels 11. Each photovoltaic detection panel 11 is tilted at a 45° angle to the photovoltaic panel 6, and each photovoltaic detection panel 11 faces four different directions. Specifically, the four identical photovoltaic detection panels 11 are orthogonally arranged and face four different directions. When sunlight shines on the photovoltaic detection panel 11, a current is generated based on the photoelectric effect. The current generated by the four photovoltaic detection panels 11 is transmitted to the controller 7 through corresponding signal paths. The difference comparison system 71 in the controller 7 determines which side has stronger sunlight by comparing the magnitude of the current generated by the photovoltaic detection panels 11 in each direction. Subsequently, the controller 7 controls the horizontal drive motor 41 and the vertical drive motor 51 to rotate and adjust, causing the photovoltaic panel 6 to deflect towards the side with stronger sunlight.

[0023] In this embodiment, the fixed base 2 has a cavity inside, and a battery 21 is installed inside the cavity to supply power to the controller 7, the horizontal drive motor 41, and the vertical drive motor 51. The battery 21 is powered and stored by the photovoltaic panel 6.

[0024] In this embodiment, the fixed base 2 is provided with a longitudinally arranged rotating support shaft 42, the transverse adjustment bracket is arranged on the rotating support shaft 42 and rotatably connected to it, the transverse drive motor 41 is fixed on the transverse adjustment bracket, and the output shaft of the transverse drive motor 41 is connected to the rotating support shaft 42 by a reduction gear set 8.

[0025] In this embodiment, two sets of hinged supports 43 are symmetrically arranged on the upper end of the transverse adjustment frame 4. A hinged shaft 44 connected to the rotating wheel is provided between the two sets of hinged supports 43. The longitudinal adjustment bracket is fixedly connected to the hinged shaft 44. The output shaft of the longitudinal drive motor 51 is connected to the hinged shaft 44 by a reduction gear set 8.

[0026] In this embodiment, an angle detection module 9 connected to the controller 7 is also included. The angle detection module 9 is connected to a horizontal angle sensor 91 and a pitch angle sensor 92. The horizontal angle sensor 91 is installed on the horizontal adjustment frame 4 and is used to detect the horizontal rotation angle. The pitch angle sensor 92 is installed on the vertical adjustment frame 5 and is used to detect the vertical pitch angle. The angle detection module 9 transmits the angle data to the controller 7 in real time.

[0027] In this embodiment, the controller 7 is communicatively connected to the remote monitoring platform 73. The controller 7 can upload equipment operation data, angle parameters and power generation status data to the remote monitoring platform 73 in real time, and can also receive remote control commands, parameter configuration commands and manual adjustment commands issued by the remote monitoring platform 73.

[0028] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During operation, the four photovoltaic detection panels 11 collect the light intensity from all directions in real time and transmit the signals to the controller 7. The differential comparison system 71 built into the controller 7 compares the four light data in real time, calculates the difference in light intensity in the horizontal and vertical directions, and accurately determines the direction and angle of the sun's offset.

[0029] Simultaneously, the controller 7, through the solar trajectory calculation system 72, combines current time, latitude and longitude, and seasonal data to calculate the real-time theoretical azimuth and altitude angles of the sun. It then merges the illumination difference correction data with the theoretical trajectory data to output the optimal adjustment angle command. The controller 7 controls the corresponding stepper motor via the motor drive module, driving the horizontal adjustment frame 4 and the vertical adjustment frame 5 to complete the angle adjustment. During the adjustment process, the angle sensor provides real-time feedback of the actual angle. The controller 7 continuously compares the theoretical angle with the actual angle. When the angle difference is less than a preset error threshold (e.g., 0.5~1°), the motor operation stops, completing a single sun-tracking adjustment.

[0030] The system employs a high-frequency cyclic detection and adjustment mechanism every 100ms, dynamically following the sun's trajectory to correct the photovoltaic panel's angle by 6 degrees Celsius throughout the day. When the global light intensity falls below the sleep threshold at night, the system automatically enters a low-power sleep state to reduce energy consumption; it automatically wakes up and resumes operation when sunlight resumes during the day.

[0031] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart tracker for adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic panel, comprising a light-tracking detector, a fixed base, and a universal adjustment bracket mounted on the fixed base, characterized in that, The universal adjustment bracket consists of a horizontal adjustment frame and a vertical adjustment frame. The horizontal adjustment frame is rotatably mounted on a fixed base, and the vertical adjustment frame is hinged to the horizontal adjustment frame. The horizontal adjustment frame is equipped with a horizontal drive motor that drives the horizontal adjustment frame to rotate horizontally, and the horizontal adjustment frame is equipped with a vertical drive motor that drives the vertical adjustment frame to rotate pitch. The top of the vertical adjustment frame is fixed with a connecting bracket for mounting photovoltaic panels. The solar tracking detector is connected to a controller, which has a built-in difference comparison system and a solar trajectory calculation system. The difference comparison system is used to collect and compare the differences in multiple light signals from the solar tracking detector and determine the direction and angle of solar offset. The solar trajectory calculation system combines local latitude and longitude and time information to calculate the real-time theoretical azimuth and altitude angles of the sun. The controller integrates the light difference data and the theoretical solar trajectory data to generate precise adjustment commands, control the horizontal and vertical drive motors to achieve high-precision intelligent adjustment of the photovoltaic panel's dual-axis angle. The solar tracking detector consists of four identical photovoltaic detection panels, each of which is tilted at a 45° angle to the photovoltaic panel and faces four different directions.

2. The intelligent tracker for adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed base has an internal cavity containing a battery that powers the controller, the horizontal drive motor, and the vertical drive motor. The battery is powered by a photovoltaic panel.

3. The intelligent tracker for adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed base is provided with a longitudinally arranged rotating support shaft, the transverse adjustment bracket is set on the rotating support shaft and rotatably connected to it, the transverse drive motor is fixed on the transverse adjustment bracket, and the output shaft of the transverse drive motor is connected to the rotating support shaft by a reduction gear set.

4. The intelligent tracker for adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two sets of hinged supports are symmetrically arranged on the upper end of the transverse adjustment frame. A hinged shaft is provided between the two sets of hinged supports and connected to the rotating wheel. The longitudinal adjustment bracket is fixedly connected to the hinged shaft. The output shaft of the longitudinal drive motor is connected to the hinged shaft by a reduction gear set.

5. The intelligent tracker for adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an angle detection module, which is connected to a horizontal angle sensor and a pitch angle sensor. The horizontal angle sensor is installed on the horizontal adjustment frame and is used to detect the horizontal rotation angle; the pitch angle sensor is installed on the vertical adjustment frame and is used to detect the vertical pitch angle. The angle detection module transmits the angle data to the controller in real time.

6. The intelligent tracker for adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is connected to a remote monitoring platform. The controller can upload equipment operation data, angle parameters and power generation status data to the remote monitoring platform in real time. At the same time, it can receive remote control commands, parameter configuration commands and manual adjustment commands issued by the remote monitoring platform.

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