High-precision metal piece environment-friendly working liquid immersion type electric discharge machining device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-precision, environmentally friendly, fluid-immersion electrical discharge machining (EDM) device and method for metal parts. The device includes an EDM chamber; a connecting frame is fixedly connected to the top of the chamber, and a machining table is slidably connected inside the connecting frame. A limiting component is located on the top of the machining table. A filter component is located at the bottom of the chamber, and a cleaning component is located at the rear end. A fixed frame is fixedly connected to the rear end of the chamber, and a movable frame is slidably connected to the outside of the fixed frame. Compared with existing fluid-immersion EDM devices, this device solves the pain points of traditional immersion EDM, such as low clamping accuracy, easy filtration clogging, incomplete chip removal, and poor automation. Through innovation in three core components, it comprehensively improves the processing accuracy, production efficiency, and environmental performance of the equipment, making it suitable for high-end precision metal parts processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-precision metal parts processing technology, specifically relating to a high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion-type electrical discharge machining equipment and method. Background Technology

[0002] Electrical discharge machining (EDM), especially immersion EDM in the field of precision metal parts machining, is a special machining method that relies on the instantaneous high temperature generated by spark discharge to erode conductive materials. It has unique advantages in machining high-hardness and complex-shaped workpieces. However, with the increasing demands of modern manufacturing for machining accuracy, surface quality, processing efficiency, and environmental protection, traditional immersion EDM equipment has revealed several technical bottlenecks in practical applications, hindering its further development in the field of high-precision metal parts machining. Existing equipment often employs rigid clamps or simple mechanical limiting devices, making it difficult to precisely control and evenly distribute the clamping force on the workpiece. When machining high-precision, thin-walled, easily deformable, or irregularly shaped complex workpieces, traditional rigid clamping methods easily lead to uneven force on the workpiece, causing clamping deformation or slight displacement during machining, severely affecting the final dimensional accuracy and geometric tolerances. Minor vibrations during machining are also difficult to absorb and buffer effectively, further exacerbating interference with machining stability. During continuous discharge machining (CD), a large amount of electro-erosion products rapidly accumulate in the working fluid. Existing equipment's filtration systems mostly use single-layer filters with limited filtration accuracy, making it difficult to effectively remove fine particles. These residual impurities severely contaminate the working fluid, altering its dielectric properties and cooling capacity, leading to unstable discharge states, secondary discharges, deterioration of the machined surface quality, and accelerated electrode wear.

[0003] Furthermore, filter clogging is a common problem, requiring frequent shutdowns for manual cleaning, which not only increases labor intensity but also reduces the effective operating time of the equipment. Existing slag removal mechanisms are often not highly automated, leaving cleaning dead zones that easily lead to the accumulation of impurities at the bottom of the tank, affecting the cleanliness of the entire working fluid circulation system. When machining complex structures such as deep cavities and narrow slits, the timely removal of electro-erosion products is a major challenge. Current technologies mainly rely on the flushing and natural sedimentation of the working fluid, resulting in low chip removal efficiency. Fine electro-erosion particles easily adhere to the machined surface of the workpiece or re-enter the discharge gap, forming "nodules" or causing surface scratches, especially in the semi-finishing and finishing stages, severely affecting the final surface roughness. After machining, the workpiece surface is usually covered with a viscous discharge-modified layer and erosion particles, which are difficult to completely remove using traditional rinsing methods, requiring additional cleaning processes, increasing process complexity and cost. Existing equipment often relies on manual operation and experience-based judgment in workpiece clamping, tool setting, chip removal mode switching, and filter system maintenance, making it difficult to achieve full-process automation and precise control. This not only requires high operator skills, but is also prone to errors due to human factors, which is not conducive to achieving consistency and traceability of processing quality. Therefore, it is of great importance to design high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion EDM equipment and methods to solve the above defects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a high-precision, environmentally friendly, immersion-type electrical discharge machining (EDM) device and method for metal parts. This EDM box solves the pain points of traditional immersion-type EDM, such as low clamping accuracy, easy filtration clogging, incomplete chip removal, and poor automation. Through innovation of three core components, the processing accuracy, production efficiency, and environmental performance of the equipment are comprehensively improved, making it suitable for high-end precision metal parts processing.

[0005] (2) Technical solution To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining (EDM) device. The EDM device includes an EDM box; a connecting frame is fixedly connected to the top of the EDM box, a machining table is slidably connected inside the connecting frame, a limiting component is provided on the top of the machining table, a filter component is provided at the bottom of the EDM box, a cleaning component is provided at the rear end of the EDM box, a fixed frame is fixedly connected to the rear end of the EDM box, a movable frame is slidably connected to the outside of the fixed frame, and an EDM EDM generator body is fixedly connected to the top of the movable frame. The limiting assembly is used to limit the metal parts. The limiting assembly includes a movable frame that is slidably connected to both sides of the top of the processing table. A limiting plate is slidably connected to the inner side of the movable frame. Both ends of the limiting plate are rotatably connected to limiting rods. The filter assembly is used to filter the working fluid. The filter assembly includes a filter screen that is slidably connected to the bottom of the EDM chamber. A movable platform is provided on the top of the filter screen. A sponge pad is fixedly connected inside the movable platform. The filter assembly also includes a connecting shell that is fixedly connected to the front end of the EDM chamber. A screen is slidably connected inside the connecting shell. The cleaning assembly is used to clean the surface of metal parts. The cleaning assembly includes a rotating cylinder rotatably connected to the rear end of the EDM box. A first aeration net is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating cylinder. A connecting cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder. Multiple sets of cutting plates are fixedly connected inside the connecting cylinder. A second aeration net is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting cylinder. The cleaning assembly also includes a nozzle fixedly connected to the rear end of the EDM box and located below the rotating cylinder.

[0006] When using the EDM box of this technical solution, start the waterproof motor to drive the forward and reverse lead screws to move the moving frame back and forth, confirming no jamming; test the damping spring buffer performance. Start the water pump, switch the nozzle and rotating cylinder branch, and test the water flow and bubble effect; start the fourth drive motor to confirm the rotating cylinder speed is stable. Start the vibration motor to test vibration; drive the moving table to move throughout its entire range, confirming the sponge pad and filter screen are in contact; test the sealing of the closing plate. Start the pulse power supply under no-load to test the voltage and current stability; verify the spindle Z-axis feed accuracy.

[0007] Workpiece clamping and positioning: The first drive motor is started, and the processing table is raised to the clamping position via the first waterproof screw; the workpiece is placed and roughly positioned, and the vision system calibrates the position. The waterproof motor is started, and the moving frame is driven to center and clamp via the worm gear, worm wheel, and forward and reverse screws; the limit plate is compressed and retracts, and the sliding block is pushed to compress the damping spring through the guide plate, guide rack, guide gear, first rotating rod, and second rotating rod to achieve self-adaptive clamping. The lever is moved to unlock the ratchet, and the limit rod is rotated to assist in fixing, and the first waterproof spring drives the locking block to lock; the system records the clamping data.

[0008] Machining alignment: Start the first drive motor to lower the machining table to the machining position, ensuring the workpiece is completely submerged. Start the fifth drive motor, which drives the moving frame and EDM generator body to the machining position via the drive screw; the spindle descends to the initial discharge gap, and the contact tool setter calibrates the origin.

[0009] Segmented electrical discharge machining Rough machining: Call the rough machining parameters, start the water pump, open the nozzle branch, and use high-pressure water flow to remove chips; the gap sensor monitors in real time and adjusts automatically when abnormal; periodically perform electrode compensation, and end when the allowance is met.

[0010] Semi-finishing: Switch to gas-liquid two-phase flow mode and start the rotating cylinder branch; the working fluid generates microbubbles through the first aeration net, conical guide cylinder, cutting plate, and second aeration net; the fourth drive motor drives the rotating cylinder to rotate, and the blades guide the bubbles to remove chips; the process ends after the shape accuracy meets the standard.

[0011] Finishing: Switch to low-pressure pure water flow mode and turn off nitrogen; start the temperature compensation system to correct the axis coordinates in real time; periodically check and compensate for gaps, and stop machining after the accuracy meets the standard.

[0012] Workpiece cleaning and inspection: The workpiece surface is cleaned using a two-phase gas-liquid flow mode, followed by high-pressure pulsed water rinsing. The spindle is reset, and the moving frame returns to its original position. The machining table is raised to the clamping position, the lever is used to unlock, and the waterproof motor is started in reverse to release the workpiece. After cleaning and drying, the workpiece's dimensions and surface quality are inspected. Qualified workpieces are transferred to the next process; unqualified workpieces are reworked.

[0013] Working fluid filtration and slag removal: During processing, impurities settle onto the filter screen, and the vibrating motor drives the filter screen to vibrate and prevent clogging. The working fluid is filtered through a sponge pad and screen and then circulated back. When impurities accumulate to a threshold, the second drive motor is activated, which drives the moving platform to scrape slag via the second waterproof screw. The moving platform pushes the moving rod, which opens the closing plate via the third rotating rod, allowing impurities to fall into the screen. After the moving platform resets, the closing plate automatically closes under the action of the second waterproof spring. When there is too much slag accumulation on the screen, the third drive motor lifts the screen to the top via the third waterproof screw, prompting manual cleaning.

[0014] Equipment reset and archiving: Shut down all power systems and return each axis to its origin; shut down the negative pressure and constant temperature systems and open the ventilation vents. The system generates a processing report and uploads the data; clean the equipment and fill in the operation record.

[0015] Preferably, the limiting plate is connected to the movable frame via two sets of telescopic rods. The limiting plate extends into the interior of the movable frame and is fixedly connected to a guide plate. Guide racks are fixedly connected to both sides of the guide plate. A guide gear is meshed with the outer side of the guide rack. A first rotating rod is rotatably connected to the outer side of the guide gear. The first rotating rod is slidably connected to the limiting plate. A second rotating rod is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first rotating rod. A sliding block is rotatably connected to the outer side of the second rotating rod. The sliding block is slidably connected to the movable frame. A damping spring is fixedly connected to the outer side of the sliding block. The damping spring is fixedly connected to the movable frame.

[0016] Furthermore, the limiting plate is connected to the moving frame via two sets of telescopic rods. The limiting plate extends into the interior of the moving frame and is fixedly connected to a guide plate. Guide racks are fixedly connected to both sides of the guide plate. Guide gears are meshed on the outer sides of the guide racks. A first rotating rod is rotatably connected to the outer side of the guide gears. The first rotating rod is slidably connected to the limiting plate. A second rotating rod is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first rotating rod. A sliding block is rotatably connected to the outer side of the second rotating rod. The sliding block is slidably connected to the moving frame. A damping spring is fixedly connected to the outer side of the sliding block. The damping spring is fixedly connected to the moving frame.

[0017] Furthermore, the machining table is internally connected to a positive and negative lead screw, and both sets of moving frames move axially on the outer side of the positive and negative lead screw. The front end of the positive and negative lead screw is fixedly connected to a worm gear, and the outer side of the worm gear is meshed with a worm. A waterproof motor is fixedly connected to the outer side of the machining table, and the drive end of the waterproof motor is fixedly connected to the worm.

[0018] Furthermore, a ratchet is fixedly connected to the inside of the limiting plate, and a locking block is provided on the outside of the ratchet. The locking block is rotatably connected to the limiting plate, and a first waterproof spring is fixedly connected to the outside of the locking block. A lever is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting plate, and the locking block extends to the top of the limiting plate.

[0019] Furthermore, a first waterproof screw is rotatably connected inside the connecting frame and inside the processing table. The processing table is threadedly connected to the first waterproof screw. A first drive motor is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting frame, and the drive end of the first drive motor is fixedly connected to the first waterproof screw.

[0020] Furthermore, a second waterproof screw is rotatably connected to the bottom of the EDM box and inside the moving stage. The moving stage is threadedly connected to the second waterproof screw. A second drive motor is fixedly connected to the rear end of the EDM box. The drive end of the second drive motor is fixedly connected to the second waterproof screw. The moving stage is slidably connected to the EDM box. The filter screen has a concave structure design. A closing plate is rotatably connected between the connecting shell and the EDM box. Two sets of sleeves are fixedly connected inside the EDM box and above the closing plate. A moving rod is slidably connected inside the sleeve. The moving rod extends to the inside of the connecting shell and is rotatably connected to a third rotating rod. The third rotating rod is rotatably connected to the closing plate. A connecting ring is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving rod and inside the sleeve. A second waterproof spring is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting ring and outside the moving rod.

[0021] Furthermore, a third waterproof screw is rotatably connected to one side of the connecting shell, and the screen is threadedly connected to the third waterproof screw. A third drive motor is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting shell, and the drive end of the third drive motor is fixedly connected to the third waterproof screw. A fourth rotating rod is rotatably connected to both sides of the bottom of the filter screen, and a moving block is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fourth rotating rod. The two sets of moving blocks are connected by a sliding rod, and the moving blocks are slidably connected to the sliding rod. A third waterproof spring is sleeved at both ends of the sliding rod and on the outside of the two sets of moving blocks. A vibration motor is fixedly connected to both ends of the bottom of the filter screen.

[0022] Furthermore, dustproof nets are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the second aeration net and the nozzle. The rotating cylinder and the nozzle are connected through a conveying pipe. Multiple sets of blades are fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating cylinder. A conical guide cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder. A first synchronous pulley is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating cylinder. A synchronous belt is provided on the outer side of the first synchronous pulley. A second synchronous pulley is provided on the inner side of the synchronous belt and away from the first synchronous pulley. A fourth drive motor is fixedly connected to the rear end of the EDM box and outside the second synchronous pulley. The drive end of the fourth drive motor is fixedly connected to the second synchronous pulley. The conveying pipe is rotatably connected to the first synchronous pulley. Two sets of control valves are fixedly connected to the outer side of the conveying pipe. A water pump is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the conveying pipe extending into the EDM box.

[0023] Furthermore, the fixed frame has a drive screw internally rotatably connected, the movable frame is threadedly connected to the drive screw, and a fifth drive motor is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed frame, with the drive end of the fifth drive motor fixedly connected to the drive screw.

[0024] The method of using the high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment of the present invention includes: S1: Device Initialization and Parameter Setting Start the control system and perform a self-test to confirm that the waterproof motor, the first to fifth drive motors, the water pump, the vibration motor, and the pulse power supply are in normal condition. Set the rough, semi-finish, or finish machining process parameters according to the workpiece requirements. At the same time, configure the clamping force threshold of the limit component, the slag removal trigger condition of the filter component, and the cleaning component mode switching logic. S2: Workpiece clamping and positioning The first drive motor is started, and the processing table is raised to the clamping position via the first waterproof screw. The workpiece is placed and roughly positioned. The waterproof motor is started, and the moving frames on both sides are driven to be synchronously centered via the worm gear, worm wheel, and positive and negative screws. After the limit plate contacts the workpiece, it retracts. The sliding block is pushed to compress the damping spring through the guide rack, guide gear, and the first or second rotating rod to achieve adaptive flexible clamping. The ratchet can be unlocked by moving the lever, and the limit rod can be adjusted to assist in fixing. The first waterproof spring drives the locking block to lock automatically. The system records the clamping data. S3: Processing alignment and immersion Start the first drive motor to lower the processing table to the processing position so that the workpiece is completely submerged. Start the fifth drive motor to move the moving frame and the main body of the EDM discharge machine to above the processing origin through the drive screw. Control the EDM spindle to descend. Stop when the gap sensor detects the initial discharge gap. Use a contact tool setter to calibrate the processing origin. S4: Segmented electrical discharge machining The system automatically switches between processing stages: Rough machining: Call rough machining parameters and start the pulse power supply; turn on the water pump and nozzle branch, and use high-pressure water flow to remove chips; the gap sensor monitors in real time, automatically adjusts when abnormal, and performs electrode compensation periodically; Semi-finishing: Switch the semi-finishing parameters to gas-liquid two-phase flow mode; close the nozzle, open the rotating cylinder branch and introduce nitrogen; the working fluid generates microbubbles through the first aeration net, conical guide cylinder, cutting plate and second aeration net; the fourth drive motor drives the rotating cylinder and blades to rotate, guiding the bubbles to remove chips; Finishing: Switch the finishing parameters to low-pressure pure water flow mode and turn off the nitrogen; start the temperature compensation system to correct the axis coordinates, periodically check the gap and perform micro-compensation until the accuracy meets the standard; S5: Workpiece handling and equipment reset Cleaning and unloading: Sequentially start the gas-liquid two-phase flow and high-pressure pulse water flow to clean the workpiece; the spindle and moving frame return to their original positions, the machining table is raised to the clamping position, the limit rod is unlocked and the waterproof motor is started in reverse to release the workpiece; Inspection and transfer: After the workpiece is cleaned and dried, its dimensional accuracy and surface quality are inspected. If it passes the inspection, it is transferred to the next step; otherwise, a rework plan is generated. Filtration and Slag Removal: The filtration components work continuously throughout the entire processing. The vibration motor drives the filter screen to vibrate and prevent clogging. The working fluid circulates through the sponge pad and screen. When the impurities reach the standard, slag removal is automatically started: the second drive motor drives the moving table to scrape slag, and the closing plate is opened in conjunction to discharge slag to the screen. After the moving table is reset, the closing plate closes automatically. When the screen is full, it can be lifted to the top for cleaning. Archive Reset: Shut down all systems and return each axis to its origin; the system generates a machining report and uploads the data, cleans the equipment, and fills in the operation record.

[0025] Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The electrical discharge machining (EDM) box of this invention, through the design of a limiting component, and the linkage design of a limiting plate, guide rack, guide gear, first and second rotating rods, sliding block, and damping spring, converts pressure energy into compression of the damping spring when the limiting plate contacts the workpiece. This allows the limiting plate to uniformly conform to the surface of workpieces of different shapes or sizes, achieving adaptive clamping. Simultaneously, the damping spring effectively buffers vibrations during machining, preventing workpiece displacement or loosening, ensuring machining accuracy and stability. A rotatable limiting rod is designed, along with a ratchet, locking block, and first waterproof spring linked to it. After unlocking by moving the lever, the angle of the limiting rod can be manually adjusted to conform to the workpiece's edges and corners. It automatically locks after being released, providing additional, flexible auxiliary limiting points and enhancing the stability of workpiece clamping, making it particularly suitable for irregularly shaped workpieces.

[0026] 2. The electrical discharge machining (EDM) chamber of this invention employs a multi-stage filtration system consisting of a concave filter screen, a sponge pad, and a screen. Large particles are first intercepted by the concave filter screen; the working fluid then flows through the sponge pad on the moving platform, adsorbing fine suspended particles; finally, it undergoes fine filtration through the screen. Simultaneously, a vibrating motor drives the filter screen to vibrate continuously. Combined with the amplifying effect of the fourth rotating rod, the moving block, and the third waterproof spring, this effectively prevents impurities from clogging the mesh, ensuring filtration efficiency and continuity. When impurities accumulate to a certain level, the system automatically initiates a slag removal process. A second drive motor propels the moving platform forward, where the sponge pad scrapes away impurities from the filter screen surface and pushes them towards the slag discharge port. The moving platform pushes the moving rod and the third rotating rod, automatically opening the closing plate and discharging impurities into the screen inside the connecting shell. After slag removal, the moving platform resets, and the closing plate automatically closes under the action of the second waterproof spring, achieving a seal. When the screen is full, it can be automatically lifted to the top for easy manual cleaning. The entire process is highly automated, reducing manual intervention and maintenance downtime. The efficient and continuous filtration system can promptly remove electro-erosion products generated by electrical discharge machining, maintaining the cleanliness of the working fluid. Clean working fluid is beneficial for stabilizing the discharge state, improving machining accuracy, and enhancing surface quality. It can also be recycled after subsequent treatment, demonstrating both environmental and economic benefits.

[0027] 3. The EDM box of this invention integrates a high-pressure water jet rinsing mode and a gas-liquid two-phase microbubble cleaning mode through the design of the cleaning component. In the roughing stage, high-pressure water jets can be used for direct impact and powerful chip removal; in the semi-finishing or finishing stage, the microbubble mode can be used to gently and thoroughly clean residual impurities in the micropores and gaps on the workpiece surface by utilizing cavitation effect and buoyancy, thus adapting to different process requirements. Initial bubbles are generated by the first aeration net, accelerated by the conical guide cylinder, and then cut into large bubbles by multiple sets of cutting plates inside the connecting cylinder. These bubbles are then refined into numerous microbubbles by the second aeration net. A fourth drive motor rotates the rotating cylinder and its blades, which can uniformly and directionally guide the microbubbles to the processing area or workpiece surface, improving cleaning efficiency and coverage uniformity. Effective cleaning of the workpiece surface during or after machining breaks prevents secondary adhesion of impurities or impact on subsequent machining accuracy, directly improving the final machining quality of the workpiece. Simultaneously, this design helps maintain the cleanliness of the electrical discharge machining area and the workpiece surface, reducing equipment malfunctions or accuracy degradation caused by impurity accumulation, and improving equipment reliability and maintainability. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; The labels in the attached diagram are as follows: 1. Electrical discharge machining box; 2. Connecting frame; 3. Machining table; 4. Limiting component; 5. Filtering component; 6. Cleaning component; 7. Fixed frame; 8. Moving frame; 10. Main body of EDM discharge machine; 11. Moving frame; 12. Limiting plate; 13. Limiting rod; 14. Filter screen; 15. Moving table; 16. Sponge pad; 17. Connecting shell; 18. Screen; 19. Rotating cylinder; 20. First aeration net; 21. Connecting cylinder; 22. Cutting plate; 23. Second aeration net; 24. Nozzle; 25. Telescopic rod; 26. Guide plate; 27. Guide rack; 28. Guide gear; 29. ​​First rotating rod; 30. Second rotating rod; 31. Sliding block; 32. Damping spring; 33. Positive and negative lead screw; 34. Worm gear; 35. Worm; 36. Waterproof motor; 37. Ratchet; 38. Locking block; 39. First waterproof spring; 40. Lever; 41. First waterproof screw; 42. First drive motor; 43. Second waterproof screw; 44. Second drive motor; 45. Closing plate; 46. Sleeve; 47. Moving rod; 48. Third rotating rod; 49. Connecting ring; 50. Second waterproof spring; 51. Third waterproof screw; 52. Third drive motor; 53. Fourth rotating rod; 54. Moving block; 55. Sliding rod; 56. Third waterproof spring; 57. Vibrating motor; 58. Dustproof net; 59. Conveying pipe; 60. Blade; 61. Conical guide cylinder; 62. First synchronous pulley; 63. Synchronous belt; 64. Second synchronous pulley; 65. Fourth drive motor; 66. Water pump; 67. Drive screw; 68. Fifth drive motor. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This specific embodiment is a high-precision, environmentally friendly, fluid-immersion electrical discharge machining (EDM) device for metal parts, and its structural schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 1-12 As shown, the electrical discharge machining equipment includes an electrical discharge machining box 1, a connecting frame 2 fixedly connected to the top of the electrical discharge machining box 1, a processing table 3 slidably connected inside the connecting frame 2, a limiting component 4 on the top of the processing table 3, a filter component 5 at the bottom of the electrical discharge machining box 1, a cleaning component 6 at the rear end of the electrical discharge machining box 1, a fixed frame 7 fixedly connected to the rear end of the electrical discharge machining box 1, a movable frame 8 slidably connected to the outside of the fixed frame 7, and an EDM electrical discharge machine body 10 fixedly connected to the top of the movable frame 8. The limiting component 4 is used to limit the metal parts. The limiting component 4 includes a movable frame 11 that is slidably connected to both sides of the top of the processing table 3. A limiting plate 12 is slidably connected to the inner side of the movable frame 11. Both ends of the limiting plate 12 are rotatably connected to a limiting rod 13. The filter assembly 5 is used to filter the working fluid. The filter assembly 5 includes a filter screen 14 that is slidably connected to the bottom of the inside of the electrical discharge machining chamber 1. A moving platform 15 is provided on the top of the filter screen 14. A sponge pad 16 is fixedly connected inside the moving platform 15. The filter assembly 5 also includes a connecting shell 17 that is fixedly connected to the front end of the electrical discharge machining chamber 1. A screen 18 is slidably connected inside the connecting shell 17. The cleaning assembly 6 is used to clean the surface of metal parts. The cleaning assembly 6 includes a rotating cylinder 19 rotatably connected to the rear end of the EDM box 1. A first aeration net 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating cylinder 19. A connecting cylinder 21 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder 19. Multiple sets of cutting plates 22 are fixedly connected inside the connecting cylinder 21. A second aeration net 23 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting cylinder 21. The cleaning assembly 6 also includes a nozzle 24 fixedly connected to the rear end of the EDM box 1 and located below the rotating cylinder 19.

[0030] In this embodiment, the limiting plate 12 is connected to the movable frame 11 via two sets of telescopic rods 25. A guide plate 26 is fixedly connected to the inside of the movable frame 11 extending from the limiting plate 12. Guide racks 27 are fixedly connected to both sides of the guide plate 26. A guide gear 28 is meshed with the outer side of the guide rack 27. A first rotating rod 29 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the guide gear 28. The first rotating rod 29 is slidably connected to the limiting plate 12. A second rotating rod 30 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first rotating rod 29. A sliding block 31 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the second rotating rod 30. The sliding block 31 is slidably connected to the movable frame 11. A damping spring 32 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the sliding block 31. The damping spring 32 is fixedly connected to the movable frame 11. The internal rotating part of the table 3 is connected to a positive and negative lead screw 33. Both sets of moving frames 11 move axially on the outer side of the positive and negative lead screw 33. The front end of the positive and negative lead screw 33 is fixedly connected to a worm gear 34, and the outer side of the worm gear 34 is meshed with a worm 35. The outer side of the processing table 3 is fixedly connected to a waterproof motor 36, and the drive end of the waterproof motor 36 is fixedly connected to the worm 35. The limiting rod 13 extends to the inside of the limiting plate 12 and is fixedly connected to a ratchet 37. The outer side of the ratchet 37 is provided with a locking block 38, which is rotatably connected to the limiting plate 12. The outer side of the locking block 38 is fixedly connected to a first waterproof spring 39. The locking block 38 extends to the top of the limiting plate 12 and is fixedly connected to a lever 40. Starting the waterproof motor 36 drives the worm 35 to rotate, thus... The worm gear 34 rotates, driving the forward and reverse lead screws 33 to rotate, thereby allowing the two sets of moving frames 11 to move. This, in conjunction with the telescopic rod 25, drives the two sets of limiting plates 12 to move, placing the metal part on top of the processing table 3. The two sets of limiting plates 12 approach each other, contacting the surface of the metal part and limiting its movement. When the limiting plates 12 contact the metal part, they are subjected to a relative force, causing them to move inwards towards the moving frames 11, driving the guide plate 26 to move, causing the two sets of guide racks 27 to move, which in turn drives the guide gear 28 to move. Simultaneously, the displacement of the limiting plates 12 drives the first rotating rod 29, in conjunction with the guide gear 28, to move the second rotating rod 30, driving the sliding block 31 to move and compressing the damping spring 3. 2. The damping spring 32 allows the limiting plate 12 to fit against the surface of the metal part, effectively limiting its movement. Simultaneously, when the metal part vibrates, the damping spring 32 provides cushioning to prevent interference with the processing of the metal part. Moving the lever 40 causes the locking block 38 to rotate, displacing it from the outside of the ratchet 37, allowing the ratchet 37 to rotate. Rotating the limiting rod 13 brings it into contact with the surface of the metal part. Releasing the lever 40 causes the locking block 38 to rotate via the first waterproof spring 39, bringing it into contact with the ratchet 37 and locking it, thus locking the limiting rod 13. The combination of the limiting plate 12 and the limiting rod 13 effectively limits and fixes the metal part. Secondly, in this embodiment, a first waterproof screw 41 is rotatably connected inside the connecting frame 2 and inside the processing table 3. The processing table 3 is threadedly connected to the first waterproof screw 41. A first drive motor 42 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting frame 2. The drive end of the first drive motor 42 is fixedly connected to the first waterproof screw 41. A drive screw 67 is rotatably connected inside the fixed frame 7. The movable frame 8 is threadedly connected to the drive screw 67. A fifth drive motor 68 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed frame 7. The drive end of the fifth drive motor 68 is fixedly connected to the drive screw 67. When the first drive motor 42 is started, it drives the first waterproof screw 41 to rotate, thus making the processing table 3 rotate. The worktable 3 can be moved. When the metal part is placed on the top of the worktable 3, the worktable 3 is moved to the bottom of the discharge processing box 1 after the metal part is fixed by the limiting component 4. This allows the metal part to be immersed in the working fluid. The fifth drive motor 68 is started to drive the drive screw 67 to rotate, so that the moving frame 8 can be moved, which in turn drives the EDM discharge machine body 10 to move to the top of the discharge processing box 1. This allows the electrode rod carried by the EDM discharge machine body 10 to be moved into the discharge processing box 1 and immersed in the working fluid. The metal part can then be processed by the electrode rod. Furthermore, in this embodiment, dustproof nets 58 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the second aeration net 23 and the nozzle 24. The rotating cylinder 19 and the nozzle 24 are connected through a conveying pipe 59. Multiple sets of blades 60 are fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating cylinder 19. A conical guide cylinder 61 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder 19. A first synchronous pulley 62 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating cylinder 19. A synchronous belt 63 is provided on the outer side of the first synchronous pulley 62. A second synchronous pulley 64 is provided on the inner side of the synchronous belt 63 and away from the first synchronous pulley 62. A fourth drive motor 65 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the EDM box 1 and outside the second synchronous pulley 64. The drive end of the fourth drive motor 65 is fixedly connected to the second synchronous pulley 64. The conveying pipe 59 is rotatably connected to the first synchronous pulley 62. Two sets of control valves are fixedly connected to the outer side of the conveying pipe 59. A water pump 66 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the conveying pipe 59 inside the EDM box 1. When the electrode plate processes the metal part, the water pump 66 is started to pump the working fluid from the bottom end of the EDM box 1. The working fluid is introduced into the delivery pipe 59, and the control valve located below the rotating cylinder 19 is closed, allowing the working fluid to be introduced into the nozzle 24. The nozzle 24 impacts the surface of the metal part with the working fluid to cool it down. When it is necessary to clean the surface of the metal part, the control valve located below the nozzle 24 is closed, allowing the working fluid to be introduced into the rotating cylinder 19. The working fluid introduced into the rotating cylinder 19 generates bubbles through the first aeration net 20. The bubbles are introduced into the connecting cylinder 21 through the conical guide cylinder 61 and come into contact with multiple sets of cutting plates 22. The cutting plates 22 cut the bubbles, and the second aeration net 23 generates microbubbles. The fourth drive motor 65 is started to drive the second synchronous pulley 64 to rotate. The synchronous belt 63 drives the first synchronous pulley 62 to rotate, so that the rotating cylinder 19 can rotate, driving multiple sets of blades 60 to rotate, guiding the microbubbles, so that the microbubbles impact the surface of the metal part, removing impurities from the surface of the metal part, and preventing them from affecting the processing of the metal part. Furthermore, in this embodiment, a second waterproof screw 43 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the EDM box 1 and inside the moving stage 15. The moving stage 15 is threadedly connected to the second waterproof screw 43. A second drive motor 44 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the EDM box 1. The drive end of the second drive motor 44 is fixedly connected to the second waterproof screw 43. The moving stage 15 is slidably connected to the EDM box 1. The filter screen 14 has a concave structure design. A closing plate 45 is rotatably connected between the connecting shell 17 and the EDM box 1. Two sets of sleeves 46 are fixedly connected inside the EDM box 1 and above the closing plate 45. A moving rod 47 is slidably connected inside the sleeve 46. The moving rod 47 extends into the connecting shell 17 and is rotatably connected to the second waterproof screw 43. Three rotating rods 48 are rotatably connected to the closing plate 45. A connecting ring 49 is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving rod 47 and inside the sleeve 46. A second waterproof spring 50 is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting ring 49 and outside the moving rod 47. A third waterproof screw 51 is rotatably connected to one side inside the connecting shell 17. The screen 18 is threadedly connected to the third waterproof screw 51. A third drive motor 52 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting shell 17. The drive end of the third drive motor 52 is fixedly connected to the third waterproof screw 51. A fourth rotating rod 53 is rotatably connected to both sides of the bottom of the filter screen 14. A moving block 54 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fourth rotating rod 53. The two sets of moving blocks 54 are connected by a sliding rod 55. Block 54 is slidably connected to sliding rod 55. Both ends of sliding rod 55, located outside the two sets of moving blocks 54, are fitted with third waterproof springs 56. Vibration motors 57 are fixedly connected to both ends of the bottom of filter screen 14. When excessive impurities accumulate inside the electrical discharge machining chamber 1, the impurities fall onto the top of filter screen 14. The vibration motor 57 is activated, causing filter screen 14 to vibrate. When filter screen 14 vibrates, the third rotating rod 48 is displaced, causing the moving block 54 to move. The third waterproof spring 56 adds to the vibration of filter screen 14, preventing impurities from getting stuck inside. The second drive motor 44 is activated, causing the second waterproof screw 43 to rotate, allowing the moving table 15 to move and move the filter screen 14. The pad 16 is displaced to clean the surface of the filter screen 14, pushing impurities to move. The continuous displacement of the moving platform 15 contacts the two sets of moving rods 47, causing the moving rods 47 to move, so that the third rotating rod 48 can move, causing the closing plate 45 to rotate, guiding the impurities into the interior of the connecting shell 17 and onto the top of the screen 18. The reset moving platform 15 drives the connecting ring 49 to move through the second waterproof spring 50, the moving rod 47 is reset, and the closing plate 45 is reset. The third drive motor 52 is started to drive the third waterproof screw 51 to rotate, so that the screen 18 can move, moving the screen 18 to the top of the interior of the connecting shell 17, thereby facilitating the collection and cleaning of impurities. When using the device of this technical solution, start the waterproof motor 36 to drive the positive and negative lead screws 33 to move the moving frame 11 back and forth several times to confirm that there is no jamming; test the buffering performance of the damping spring 32 to confirm that the clamping force is stable; start the water pump 66 and switch the nozzle 24 and rotating cylinder 19 branches respectively to test the water flow pressure and bubble generation effect; start the fourth drive motor 65 to confirm that the rotation speed of the rotating cylinder 19 is stable; start the vibration motor 57 to test the vibration effect; drive the moving stage 15 to move throughout the entire process to confirm that the sponge pad 16 and the filter screen 14 fit tightly; test the opening and closing function of the closing plate 45 to confirm that the seal is good; start the pulse power supply under no-load to test the stability of voltage and current output at different levels; test the Z-axis feed accuracy of the main spindle to confirm that the error is within the allowable range. Start the first drive motor 42 to rotate the first waterproof screw 41, raising the processing table 3 to the top clamping position. Place the metal part to be processed in the center of the processing table 3, align it with the reference hole using the positioning pin, and initially fix it. Start the vision positioning system to identify the workpiece position. If the deviation is too large, it will automatically prompt for adjustment. Start the waterproof motor 36 to drive the worm gear 35 and worm wheel 34 to drive the positive and negative lead screws 33 to rotate. The two moving frames 11 on both sides move towards the center synchronously. When the limit plate 12 contacts the workpiece surface, the pressure sensor detects that the clamping force has reached the preset value, and the system automatically decelerates. The limit plate 12 continues to slightly decelerate. The moving frame 11 retracts into the moving frame 11, causing the guide plate 26 and guide rack 27 to move. The meshing guide gear 28 rotates, and the first rotating rod 29 and the second rotating rod 30 push the sliding block 31 to squeeze the damping spring 32. The reaction force of the damping spring makes the limiting plate 12 evenly fit the workpiece surface, achieving adaptive clamping. The lever 40 is moved to unlock the ratchet 37. The limiting rod 13 is rotated to the edge of the workpiece. The lever 40 is released, and the first waterproof spring 39 drives the locking block 38 to engage with the ratchet tooth groove, completing the auxiliary limit. The control system records the clamping force and the limit position, and generates a clamping data file. Start the first drive motor 42 to lower the processing table 3 to the processing station, so that the workpiece is completely immersed in the working fluid and the liquid level is high enough above the highest point of the workpiece. Start the fifth drive motor 68 to drive the drive screw 67 to rotate, which moves the moving frame 8 and the EDM discharge machine body 10 to directly above the processing origin. Control the EDM spindle to slowly descend. The gap sensor detects the distance between the electrode and the workpiece in real time. When the initial discharge gap is reached, it automatically stops and performs the processing origin calibration. Use a contact tool setter to accurately set the tool and confirm that the tool setting error is within the allowable range. Call the roughing process parameters, configure the pulse voltage, current, width, frequency and discharge gap, start the water pump 66, open the control valve of the nozzle 24 branch, close the rotating cylinder 19 branch, adjust to the appropriate liquid supply pressure, and the high-pressure water flow directly impacts the processing area to quickly flush away large particles of electro-erosion products; the working fluid is initially filtered by the filter screen 14 and then flows back to the bottom of the tank. During the processing, the capacitive gap sensor monitors the discharge status in real time. If there is an abnormality, it automatically adjusts the feed speed or retracts the electrode and flushes the gap. It automatically performs electrode wear compensation periodically. The compensation amount is calculated based on the electrode material and processing current. When the removed residue reaches the preset ratio of the total residue, the roughing stage is automatically ended. The semi-finishing process parameters are called, the corresponding pulse parameters and discharge gap are configured, the gas-liquid two-phase flow chip removal mode is switched, the nozzle 24 branch is closed, the rotating cylinder 19 branch is opened, the nitrogen flow rate is adjusted, the working fluid and nitrogen are mixed and enter the rotating cylinder 19, the first aeration net 20 generates initial bubbles, the bubbles enter the connecting cylinder 21 through the conical guide cylinder 61, multiple sets of cutting plates 22 cut large bubbles into medium bubbles, and then the second aeration net 23 refines them into micro bubbles. The fourth drive motor 65 is started to drive the rotating cylinder 19 to rotate, the blades 60 guide the micro bubbles evenly to the processing gap, the micro bubbles cavitation and explosion peel off the attached carbon deposits, and the buoyancy carrying effect carries the small impurities out of the gap; the control system dynamically adjusts the bubble content according to the processing depth, and when the shape accuracy meets the requirements, the semi-finishing stage is automatically ended. Call the finishing process parameters, configure the corresponding pulse parameters and discharge gap, switch to low-pressure pure water cooling mode, turn off the nitrogen gas source, adjust to the appropriate liquid supply pressure, and the working fluid is evenly sprayed into the processing area in a fan-shaped spray form through nozzle 24 to maintain stable temperature. Start the whole machine temperature compensation system, and correct the motion coordinates of each axis in real time according to the temperature monitoring data of the bed, column and spindle. During the processing, gap detection and electrode compensation are performed regularly to ensure dimensional accuracy. When the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy meet the requirements, the pulse power supply is automatically stopped and the processing ends. Keeping the electrode position unchanged, restart the gas-liquid two-phase flow mode. Microbubbles impact the workpiece surface for a sufficient time to thoroughly remove residual impurities in micropores and gaps. Switch to high-pressure pulse water flow mode. Spray nozzle 24 rinses the workpiece surface in pulse form. Control the EDM spindle to rise to a safe position. Start the fifth drive motor 68 to move the moving frame 8 back to the initial position. Start the first drive motor 42 to drive the processing table 3 to rise to the clamping position. Move the lever 40 to unlock the limit lever 13. Start the waterproof motor 36 in reverse to drive the moving frame 11 and the limit plate 12 to release the workpiece. Remove the workpiece, ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol, and then dry it with compressed air. Use a coordinate measuring machine to check the workpiece dimensional accuracy. Use a white light interferometer to check the surface roughness and micromorphology. Qualified workpieces are transferred to the next process. Defective workpieces are marked with defect locations. A rework process plan is automatically generated. During processing, large particles of impurities settle on the concave filter screen 14. The working fluid passes through the filter screen into the lower layer. The vibration motor 57 is started, which drives the filter screen 14 to vibrate. The fourth rotating rod 53 drives the moving block 54 to reciprocate. The third waterproof spring 56 enhances the vibration amplitude and prevents the mesh from clogging. The working fluid is adsorbed by the sponge pad 16 and then filtered a second time through the screen 18 in the connecting shell 17. The filtered working fluid flows back to the bottom of the electrical discharge machining box 1 and is further purified by the deionization treatment unit before being recycled. When impurities accumulate on the filter screen 14 to a certain extent, the liquid level sensor triggers the automatic slag cleaning program, starts the second drive motor 44, drives the second waterproof screw 43 to rotate, drives the moving platform 15 to move forward, the sponge pad 16 scrapes off the impurities on the surface of the filter screen 14 and pushes it towards the connecting shell 17. The front end of the moving platform 15 contacts the moving rod 47 and pushes it to move upward. Through the third rotating rod 48, it drives the closing plate 45 to rotate downward, opens the slag discharge port, and the impurities fall onto the screen 18 through the slag discharge port. The working fluid flows back to the processing box through the screen. The second drive motor 44 is started in reverse, drives the moving platform 15 to reset, and the second waterproof spring 50 drives the moving rod 47 and the closing plate 45 to automatically reset. When the impurities accumulate on the screen 18 to a certain amount, the third drive motor 52 is started, drives the third waterproof screw 51 to rotate, lifts the screen 18 to the top of the connecting shell 17, and prompts manual cleaning. Turn off the pulse power supply, water pump 66, and all drive motors, reset each axis to its origin position, turn off the negative pressure extraction system and the constant temperature control module, open the ventilation port of the EDM chamber 1, and the control system automatically generates a processing report, including: workpiece information, processing parameters, working fluid status, processing time, accuracy test results, and equipment operating status. Upload the processing data to the industrial internet platform to achieve remote monitoring and quality traceability. Clean the residual working fluid and impurities on the surface of the processing table 3 and the outside of the equipment, and fill in the equipment operation record. Compared with existing liquid immersion EDM equipment, this invention improves the overall practicality of liquid immersion EDM equipment through design.

[0031] The method of using the high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment of the present invention includes: Step 1: Equipment initialization and parameter setting. Start the control system and execute the equipment self-test program to confirm that the core components such as drive motors, water pumps 66, vibration motors 57, and pulse power supplies are in normal condition. According to the material, size, shape, and machining accuracy requirements of the workpiece to be processed, call or set the corresponding machining process parameter library in the control system, including but not limited to: pulse voltage, current, pulse width, pulse interval, discharge gap, electrode compensation strategy, spindle feed speed, working fluid pressure, and chip removal mode for each stage of roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing. At the same time, set the clamping force threshold of limit component 4, the automatic slag removal trigger condition of filter component 5, and the working mode switching logic of cleaning component 6. Step 2: Workpiece clamping and positioning. Start the first drive motor 42, which drives the processing table 3 to rise to the preset clamping position via the first waterproof screw 41. Place the metal part to be processed in the center area of ​​the processing table 3 and perform initial positioning. Start the waterproof motor 36, which drives the forward and reverse lead screws 33 to rotate via the worm gear 35 and worm wheel 34, causing the moving frames 11 on both sides to move synchronously towards the center. When the limiting plate 12 contacts the workpiece surface, the pressure sensor detects the clamping force; after being pressed, the limiting plate 12 moves towards the moving frame... The 11 retracts inward, and through the linkage of the guide rack 27, guide gear 28, first rotating rod 29, and second rotating rod 30, pushes the sliding block 31 to compress the damping spring 32, thereby achieving adaptive flexible clamping, ensuring uniform clamping force and buffering vibration. If auxiliary fixation is required, the lever 40 can be moved to unlock the ratchet 37, and the angle of the limit rod 13 can be manually adjusted to fit the edge of the workpiece. After being released, the first waterproof spring 39 drives the locking block 38 to automatically lock. After clamping is completed, the system records the clamping force and limit position data. Step 3: Alignment and Immersion. Start the first drive motor 42 to drive the machining table 3 to descend to the machining station, so that the workpiece is completely immersed in the working fluid. Start the fifth drive motor 68 to drive the moving frame 8 and the EDM discharge machine body 10 to move directly above the machining origin through the drive screw 67. Control the EDM spindle to descend slowly. Use the gap sensor to monitor the distance between the electrode and the workpiece in real time. When the preset initial discharge gap is reached, it will automatically stop. Use a contact tool setter to perform precise tool setting and calibrate the machining origin to ensure that the tool setting error is within the allowable range. S4: Segmented Discharge Machining and Process Maintenance. This step includes three sub-stages, which the system automatically switches according to the preset program. Step 4.1: Roughing stage: Call the roughing parameters, start the pulse power supply, start the water pump 66, open the control valve of the nozzle 24 branch, and use the high-pressure water flow mode to forcefully flush the processing area to quickly remove large particles of electro-erosion products. During the processing, the gap sensor monitors the discharge status in real time. If there is an abnormality, it will automatically adjust the feed or retract the electrode and flush the gap. The system will periodically perform automatic compensation for electrode wear. Step 4.2: Semi-finishing stage: Switch to semi-finishing parameters, switch the chip removal mode to gas-liquid two-phase flow mode: close the nozzle 24 branch, open the rotating cylinder 19 branch, and introduce nitrogen. After the working fluid and gas are mixed, bubbles are generated by the first aeration net 20, and then accelerated by the conical guide cylinder 61. They are cut by multiple sets of cutting plates 22 in the connecting cylinder 21, and finally form a large number of microbubbles through the second aeration net 23. Start the fourth drive motor 65 to drive the rotating cylinder 19 and its blades 60 to rotate, guide the microbubbles to the machining gap, and use the cavitation effect and buoyancy of the microbubbles to gently and effectively remove the carbon deposits and fine impurities attached to the surface of the workpiece. Step 4.3: Finishing stage: Call the finishing parameters, switch to low-pressure pure water flow cooling mode, turn off the nitrogen gas source, perform uniform spray cooling through nozzle 24, start the whole machine temperature compensation system, and correct the motion axis coordinates in real time according to the temperature monitoring data of each part to offset the effect of thermal deformation. Continue to perform high-precision electrical discharge machining, and periodically perform gap detection and electrode micro compensation until the final dimensional accuracy and surface roughness requirements are met. Step 5: Workpiece cleaning, inspection, working fluid maintenance, and equipment reset. Step 5.1: Workpiece cleaning and unloading: After processing, keep the electrode position and restart the gas-liquid two-phase flow mode to thoroughly clean the workpiece surface. Then switch to the high-pressure pulse water flow mode to rinse the workpiece. After that, control the EDM spindle to rise, the moving frame 8 to return to its original position, the processing table 3 to rise to the clamping position, unlock the limit rod 13 and start the waterproof motor 36 in reverse to release the workpiece and remove it. Step 5.2: Post-processing and inspection of workpieces: Clean and dry the workpieces, and use equipment such as coordinate measuring machine and white light interferometer to inspect the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the workpieces. Qualified parts are transferred to the next process, and unqualified parts are reworked according to the system. Step 5.3: Working fluid filtration and slag removal: Throughout the processing and cleaning process, the filter assembly 5 works continuously. Impurities settle on the concave filter screen 14, and the vibration motor 57 drives it to vibrate to prevent clogging. The working fluid circulates after being filtered through multiple stages by the sponge pad 16 and the screen 18. When impurities accumulate to the threshold, the system automatically starts the slag removal program: the second drive motor 44 drives the moving table 15 forward to scrape slag and opens the closing plate 45 in conjunction with it, discharging impurities into the screen 18. After the moving table 15 resets, the closing plate 45 automatically closes. When the screen 18 is full, it can be lifted to the top for easy manual cleaning. Step 5.4: Equipment Reset and Data Archiving: Shut down all power systems and auxiliary systems, return each motion axis to its origin, and the control system automatically generates a processing report containing workpiece information, processing parameters, process data, test results, and equipment status. The report is then uploaded to the database for storage and traceability. Finally, the equipment is cleaned and the operation record is filled out.

[0032] The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention. In addition, the present invention can be implemented in other ways. Any obvious substitutions without departing from the concept of the present technical solution are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision, environmentally friendly, immersion-type electrical discharge machining (EDM) device for metal parts, comprising an EDM chamber (1); characterized in that, A connecting frame (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the discharge processing box (1). A processing table (3) is slidably connected inside the connecting frame (2). A limiting component (4) is provided on the top of the processing table (3). A filter component (5) is provided at the bottom of the discharge processing box (1). A cleaning component (6) is provided at the rear end of the discharge processing box (1). A fixed frame (7) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the discharge processing box (1). A movable frame (8) is slidably connected to the outside of the fixed frame (7). An EDM discharge machine body (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the movable frame (8). The limiting component (4) is used to limit the metal parts. The limiting component (4) includes a movable frame (11) that is slidably connected to both sides of the top of the processing table (3). A limiting plate (12) is slidably connected to the inner side of the movable frame (11). Both ends of the limiting plate (12) are rotatably connected to a limiting rod (13). The filter assembly (5) is used to filter the working fluid. The filter assembly (5) includes a filter screen (14) that is slidably connected to the bottom of the inside of the electrical discharge machining chamber (1). A moving platform (15) is provided on the top of the filter screen (14). A sponge pad (16) is fixedly connected inside the moving platform (15). The filter assembly (5) also includes a connecting shell (17) that is fixedly connected to the front end of the electrical discharge machining chamber (1). A screen (18) is slidably connected inside the connecting shell (17). The cleaning assembly (6) is used to clean the surface of metal parts. The cleaning assembly (6) includes a rotating cylinder (19) rotatably connected to the rear end of the electrical discharge machining box (1). A first aeration net (20) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating cylinder (19). A connecting cylinder (21) is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder (19). Multiple sets of cutting plates (22) are fixedly connected inside the connecting cylinder (21). A second aeration net (23) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting cylinder (21). The cleaning assembly (6) also includes a nozzle (24) fixedly connected to the rear end of the electrical discharge machining box (1) and located below the rotating cylinder (19).

2. The high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting plate (12) is connected to the moving frame (11) through two sets of telescopic rods (25). The limiting plate (12) extends into the interior of the moving frame (11) and is fixedly connected to a guide plate (26). Guide racks (27) are fixedly connected to both sides of the guide plate (26). A guide gear (28) is meshed with the outer side of the guide rack (27). A first rotating rod (29) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the guide gear (28). The first rotating rod (29) is slidably connected to the limiting plate (12). A second rotating rod (30) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first rotating rod (29). A sliding block (31) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the second rotating rod (30). The sliding block (31) is slidably connected to the moving frame (11). A damping spring (32) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the sliding block (31). The damping spring (32) is fixedly connected to the moving frame (11).

3. The high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing table (3) is internally rotatably connected to a positive and negative lead screw (33). Both sets of moving frames (11) move axially on the outside of the positive and negative lead screw (33). The front end of the positive and negative lead screw (33) is fixedly connected to a worm gear (34). The outside of the worm gear (34) is meshed with a worm (35). The outside of the processing table (3) is fixedly connected to a waterproof motor (36). The drive end of the waterproof motor (36) is fixedly connected to the worm (35).

4. The high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting rod (13) extends into the interior of the limiting plate (12) and is fixedly connected to a ratchet (37). A locking block (38) is provided on the outside of the ratchet (37). The locking block (38) is rotatably connected to the limiting plate (12). A first waterproof spring (39) is fixedly connected to the outside of the locking block (38). A lever (40) is fixedly connected to the top of the limiting plate (12) where the locking block (38) extends.

5. The high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first waterproof screw (41) is rotatably connected inside the connecting frame (2) and inside the processing table (3). The processing table (3) is threadedly connected to the first waterproof screw (41). The top of the connecting frame (2) is fixedly connected to the first drive motor (42). The drive end of the first drive motor (42) is fixedly connected to the first waterproof screw (41).

6. The high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the electrical discharge machining box (1) and inside the moving platform (15) is rotatably connected to a second waterproof screw (43). The moving platform (15) is threadedly connected to the second waterproof screw (43). The rear end of the electrical discharge machining box (1) is fixedly connected to a second drive motor (44). The drive end of the second drive motor (44) is fixedly connected to the second waterproof screw (43). The moving platform (15) is slidably connected to the electrical discharge machining box (1). The filter screen (14) has a concave structure design. The connecting shell (17) is rotatably connected to the electrical discharge machining box (1) by a closing plate (45). Two sets of sleeves (46) are fixedly connected inside the electrical discharge machining box (1) and above the closing plate (45). A moving rod (47) is slidably connected inside the sleeve (46). The moving rod (47) extends into the connecting shell (17) and is rotatably connected to a third rotating rod (48). The third rotating rod (48) is rotatably connected to the closing plate (45). A connecting ring (49) is fixedly connected outside the moving rod (47) and inside the sleeve (46). A second waterproof spring (50) is fixedly connected outside the connecting ring (49) and outside the moving rod (47).

7. The high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A third waterproof screw (51) is rotatably connected to one side inside the connecting shell (17). The screen (18) is threadedly connected to the third waterproof screw (51). A third drive motor (52) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting shell (17). The drive end of the third drive motor (52) is fixedly connected to the third waterproof screw (51). A fourth rotating rod (53) is rotatably connected to both sides of the bottom of the filter screen (14). A moving block (54) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fourth rotating rod (53). Two sets of moving blocks (54) are connected by sliding rods (55). The moving blocks (54) are slidably connected to the sliding rods (55). A third waterproof spring (56) is sleeved at both ends of the sliding rods (55) and located outside the two sets of moving blocks (54). A vibration motor (57) is fixedly connected to both ends of the bottom of the filter screen (14).

8. The high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Dustproof nets (58) are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the second aeration net (23) and the nozzle (24). The rotating cylinder (19) and the nozzle (24) are connected through a conveying pipe (59). Multiple sets of blades (60) are fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating cylinder (19). A conical guide cylinder (61) is fixedly connected to the top of the inside of the rotating cylinder (19). A first synchronous pulley (62) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating cylinder (19). A synchronous belt (63) is provided on the outer side of the first synchronous pulley (62). The inside of the synchronous belt (63) and far from the outside of the first synchronous pulley (62) are... A second synchronous wheel (64) is provided on one side away from the first synchronous wheel (62). A fourth drive motor (65) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the EDM box (1) and outside the second synchronous wheel (64). The drive end of the fourth drive motor (65) is fixedly connected to the second synchronous wheel (64). The conveying pipe (59) is rotatably connected to the first synchronous wheel (62). Two sets of control valves are fixedly connected to the outside of the conveying pipe (59). A water pump (66) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the conveying pipe (59) extending into the EDM box (1).

9. The high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion type electrical discharge machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed frame (7) is rotatably connected to a drive screw (67), the movable frame (8) is threadedly connected to the drive screw (67), and a fifth drive motor (68) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed frame (7). The drive end of the fifth drive motor (68) is fixedly connected to the drive screw (67).

10. A method of using the high-precision metal parts environmentally friendly working fluid immersion-type electrical discharge machining equipment according to claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method of use includes the following steps: S1: Device Initialization and Parameter Setting Start the control system and perform a self-test to confirm that the waterproof motor (36), the first to fifth drive motors, the water pump (66), the vibration motor (57), and the pulse power supply are in normal condition. Set the rough, semi-finish, or finishing process parameters according to the workpiece requirements. At the same time, configure the clamping force threshold of the limit component (4), the slag removal trigger condition of the filter component (5), and the mode switching logic of the cleaning component (6). S2: Workpiece clamping and positioning Start the first drive motor (42), and raise the processing table (3) to the clamping position through the first waterproof screw (41). Place and roughly position the workpiece. Start the waterproof motor (36), and drive the moving frames (11) on both sides to be aligned synchronously through the worm (35), worm wheel (34), and positive and negative screws (33). After the limiting plate (12) contacts the workpiece, it retracts. Through the guide rack (27), guide gear (28), and first or second rotating rod (29, 30), push the sliding block (31) to compress the damping spring (32) to achieve adaptive flexible clamping. The lever (40) can be moved to unlock the ratchet (37). Adjust the limiting rod (13) to assist in fixing. The first waterproof spring (39) drives the locking block (38) to lock automatically. The system records the clamping data. S3: Processing alignment and immersion Start the first drive motor (42) and lower the processing table (3) to the processing station so that the workpiece is completely submerged. Start the fifth drive motor (68) and drive the moving frame (8) and the EDM discharge machine body (10) to move above the processing origin through the drive screw (67). Control the EDM spindle to descend and stop when the gap sensor detects the initial discharge gap. Use a contact tool setter to calibrate the processing origin. S4: Segmented electrical discharge machining The system automatically switches between processing stages: Rough machining: Call the rough machining parameters and start the pulse power supply; turn on the water pump (66) and nozzle (24) branch, and use high-pressure water flow to remove chips; the gap sensor monitors in real time, automatically adjusts when abnormal, and performs electrode compensation periodically; Semi-finishing: Switch the semi-finishing parameters to gas-liquid two-phase flow mode; close the nozzle (24), open the branch of the rotating cylinder (19) and introduce nitrogen; the working fluid generates microbubbles through the first aeration net (20), the conical guide cylinder (61), the cutting plate (22), and the second aeration net (23); the fourth drive motor (65) drives the rotating cylinder (19) and the blades (60) to rotate, guiding the bubbles to remove chips; Finishing: Switch the finishing parameters to low-pressure pure water flow mode and turn off the nitrogen; start the temperature compensation system to correct the axis coordinates, periodically check the gap and perform micro-compensation until the accuracy meets the standard; S5: Workpiece handling and equipment reset Cleaning and unloading: sequentially start the gas-liquid two-phase flow and high-pressure pulse water flow to clean the workpiece; the spindle and moving frame (8) return to their original positions, the processing table (3) is raised to the clamping position, the limit rod (13) is unlocked and the waterproof motor (36) is started in reverse to release the workpiece; Inspection and transfer: After the workpiece is cleaned and dried, its dimensional accuracy and surface quality are inspected. If it passes the inspection, it is transferred to the next step; otherwise, a rework plan is generated. Filtration and Slag Removal: The filter assembly (5) works continuously throughout the entire process. The vibration motor (57) drives the filter screen (14) to vibrate and prevent clogging. The working fluid circulates through the sponge pad (16) and the screen (18). When the impurities reach the standard, slag removal is automatically started: the second drive motor (44) drives the moving table (15) to scrape the slag, and the closing plate (45) is opened in linkage to discharge the slag to the screen (18). After the moving table is reset, the closing plate is automatically closed. When the screen is full, it can be lifted to the top for cleaning. Archive Reset: Shut down all systems and return each axis to its origin; the system generates a machining report and uploads the data, cleans the equipment, and fills in the operation record.

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