Four-axis numerical control machine tool for single-point helical milling and method of use

Abstract

This invention discloses a four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-edged spiral milling cutters, belonging to the field of CNC machine tool technology. The machine tool includes a CNC machine tool body, a three-axis moving frame, a clamping and rotating spindle mechanism, a synchronous motor-controlled telescopic rod, a ring-shaped workpiece surface fluid guiding device, a grinding seat, and a grinding and sharpening device; the grinding and sharpening device internally incorporates a axial-supply centrifugal cooling mechanism. In use, the clamping and rotating spindle mechanism drives the workpiece to move along the X-axis and rotate around it. The ring-shaped fluid guiding device forms a full-circumferential coolant film on the outer circumference of the workpiece. The axial-supply mechanism selectively delivers coolant through the shaft cavity and drain connection hole to the inner side of the working grinding wheel, and then throws it towards the cutting edge through a centrifugal drain spiral groove. This invention solves the problems of frequent process switching, accumulated positioning errors, and uneven cooling coverage in existing technologies by using internal and external dual-circuit synergistic cooling and multi-process composite machining in a single clamping setup, thereby improving machining accuracy and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically to a four-axis CNC machine tool and its usage method for machining single-flute spiral milling cutters. Background Technology

[0002] The intelligent manufacturing equipment industry is a core component of the high-end equipment manufacturing industry. CNC machine tools, as the "mother machines" of industry, directly impact the overall competitiveness of the manufacturing sector. In the field of cutting tool manufacturing, single-flute spiral end mills are widely used in deep groove machining and sidewall milling in industries such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and mold processing due to their excellent chip removal performance and machining efficiency. Currently, the machining quality and production efficiency of this type of end mill have become key factors restricting the processing level of downstream industries.

[0003] Existing technology employs a "multi-spindle, multi-station" model: multiple electric spindles are set up for grooving, polishing, edge cleaning, and back engraving, etc. The workpiece completes helical motion through the linkage of the X, Y, Z axes and the A axis, and each process is completed sequentially at different stations. This approach has the following drawbacks: Frequent switching: Workpieces need to be transferred between various fixed stations, resulting in long auxiliary times and difficulty in shortening the processing cycle time; Accumulated positioning error: During multiple clamping or transfer of the workpiece, it is difficult to maintain a consistent positioning datum. Positional errors of each process gradually accumulate, directly affecting the circumferential runout accuracy and cutting edge profile consistency of the single-edged spiral milling cutter, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision machining. Insufficient cooling: The cooling unit is only located on one side of the spindle, and the spray direction is fixed, which makes it impossible to achieve all-round uniform cooling of the long spiral groove; Tool management is complex: each electric spindle is equipped with an independent drive and cooling device, resulting in high manufacturing costs. Different grinding wheels have different wear cycles, requiring separate monitoring and replacement. Maintenance work is complex, and it is difficult to improve the overall utilization rate of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute spiral milling cutters and a method for using it.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills, comprising: The CNC machine tool body has a three-axis moving frame on the machining table, and a protective rail window and control panel are fixedly installed on the front side of the CNC machine tool body. A clamping and rotating spindle mechanism is mounted on the three-axis movable frame. The clamping and rotating spindle mechanism is used to clamp the workpiece and drive the workpiece to move along the X-axis and rotate around the X-axis. A flow guiding device is mounted on the synchronous motor control telescopic rod, and the flow guiding device is arranged to surround the workpiece; A synchronous motor-controlled telescopic rod is mounted on the clamping and rotating spindle mechanism. The telescopic end of the synchronous motor-controlled telescopic rod is connected to the flow guiding device, which is used to drive the flow guiding device to move along the axial direction of the workpiece. The grinding mount is mounted on the machining table of the CNC machine tool body and is located on one side of the three-axis moving frame. A sharpening and edge-sharpening device is installed on the mounting and sharpening base, and the sharpening and edge-sharpening device corresponds to the processing position of the workpiece. The sharpening and edge-sharpening device is equipped with a axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow guiding device includes a cover, a main cooling liquid supply pipe, a bottom cover plate, and a load sealing ring. The cover is fixedly installed with the output end of the synchronous motor control telescopic rod. The main cooling liquid supply pipe is fixedly installed with the left side wall of the cover and is used to supply coolant to the inside of the cover. The bottom cover plate is fixedly installed with the right side wall of the cover. The coolant inside the cover is discharged to the right along the inner side of the bottom cover plate and covers the surface of the workpiece.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow guiding device further includes a cavity partition, a high-pressure nozzle pipe, and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle. The cavity partition is fixedly installed inside the housing and divides the inside of the housing into two independent upper and lower cavities. The high-pressure nozzle pipe and the high-pressure atomizing nozzle are interconnected and correspondingly arranged in the upper cavity of the housing. The high-pressure atomizing nozzle sprays high-pressure atomized coolant toward the interior of the upper cavity of the housing.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a load sealing ring is fitted inside the left port of the cover, and the load sealing ring is sleeved on the outside of the workpiece. The load sealing ring is used to reduce the gap between the workpiece and the left port of the cover.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grinding and sharpening device includes a grinding motor, a splined shaft frame, a support ring seat, a first partition ring, a polishing grinding wheel, a second partition ring, a finishing grinding wheel, a third partition ring, a coarse grinding wheel, and a locking nut. The grinding motor is drivenly connected to the splined shaft frame, and the splined shaft frame is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the support ring seat. The coarse grinding wheel, the third partition ring, the finishing grinding wheel, the second partition ring, the polishing grinding wheel, and the first partition ring are coaxially mounted on the splined shaft frame in sequence along the axial direction. The locking nut is locked and installed at the end of the splined shaft frame to limit and fix each grinding wheel and partition ring axially.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism includes a shaft cavity, a liquid supply tank, a liquid outlet, and a liquid outlet connecting hole. The shaft cavity is opened at the axial center of the spline shaft frame. The liquid supply tank is installed on the right side of the grinding motor. A cavity is opened at the rotor shaft center of the grinding motor to connect the shaft cavity and the liquid supply tank. The shaft cavity is connected to the liquid outlet through the liquid outlet connecting hole.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism further includes a centrifugal drain spiral groove. The centrifugal drain spiral groove is opened on the surface of the coarse grinding wheel. The coolant discharged from the drain port and flowing to the surface of the coarse grinding wheel can be introduced into the interior of the centrifugal drain spiral groove and guided along the channel of the centrifugal drain spiral groove to the cutting edge of the coarse grinding wheel, so that the coolant can fully contact the cutting and grinding working surface for heat exchange and cooling.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism further includes a flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod, a control inner rod, and a control sealing plate. The flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod is fixedly installed on the right side of the liquid supply tank. One end of the control inner rod is connected to the output end of the flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod, and the other end of the control inner rod passes through the liquid supply tank and the grinding motor and extends into the shaft cavity. The control sealing plate is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the control inner rod and fits against the inner wall of the shaft cavity. The flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod can drive the control inner rod to move the control sealing plate axially along the inside of the shaft cavity, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the drain connection hole and controlling the coolant to be discharged along the corresponding machining and grinding wheel position.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, three sets of drain connection holes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction. The control sealing plate is also arranged in three sets corresponding to the drain connection holes. The distance between the three sets of control sealing plates and the corresponding drain connection holes is different. By controlling the inner rod to drive the control sealing plate to generate different movement strokes, one of the three drain connection holes can be selected to be opened for coolant draining.

[0014] A method for using a four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills includes the following steps: S1 Workpiece clamping: The single-edged spiral milling cutter blank to be processed is used as the workpiece. It is clamped and fixed by the clamping spindle mechanism to ensure that the workpiece is firmly clamped; the synchronous motor controls the telescopic rod to drive the guide device to be sleeved on the outside of the workpiece. S2 starts the equipment via the control panel of the CNC machine tool body, adjusts the three-axis moving frame to drive the clamping and rotating spindle mechanism and the workpiece to move, and at the same time uses the clamping and rotating spindle mechanism to drive the workpiece to move along the X-axis and rotate around the X-axis, so that the workpiece is positioned with the rough grinding wheel, fine grinding wheel and polishing grinding wheel of the grinding and sharpening device; starts the synchronous motor to control the telescopic rod, so that its telescopic end drives the guide device to move along the axis of the workpiece until the guide device surrounds the workpiece and reaches the preset working position; S3 Cooling System Start-up: Start the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism. The coolant in the supply tank flows into the shaft cavity located at the center of the spline shaft bracket through the hole in the rotor shaft of the grinding motor. Start the flow channel electronically controlled telescopic rod. Its drive control rod moves the three sets of control sealing plates axially along the inner wall of the shaft cavity. Control the movement stroke of the control rod according to the processing requirements. Utilize the difference in the distance between the three sets of control sealing plates and the corresponding three sets of drainage connection holes to selectively open one of the drainage connection holes. First, control the drainage connection hole located inside the rough grinding wheel to keep it draining. This allows the coolant in the shaft cavity to flow to the drain port through the opened drainage connection hole and be discharged from the drain port to the surface of the rough grinding wheel. S4 Auxiliary Cooling and Grinding: Coolant is supplied to the inside of the housing through the main cooling supply pipe, while high-pressure atomized coolant is sprayed into the upper cavity through high-pressure nozzles and high-pressure atomizing nozzles; the grinding motor is started, which is driven by the spline shaft bracket, driving the spline shaft bracket to rotate inside the support ring seat, thereby driving the coaxially mounted rough grinding wheel, third partition ring, fine grinding wheel, second partition ring, polishing grinding wheel, and first partition ring to rotate synchronously. The locking nut limits the axial movement of each grinding wheel and partition ring to ensure stable rotation; at the same time, the relative position of the workpiece and each grinding wheel is adjusted by the three-axis moving frame, and the clamping spindle mechanism is started to drive the workpiece to rotate around the X-axis. The axis rotates, first rough grinding and grooving the workpiece through the rough grinding wheel; during the grinding process, the coolant flowing to the surface of the rough grinding wheel is guided into the centrifugal drainage spiral groove opened on its surface, and guided along the groove to the cutting edge of the rough grinding wheel, making full contact with the cutting and grinding working surface for heat exchange and cooling; the coolant in the cover is discharged to the right along the inner side of the bottom cover plate, covering the surface of the workpiece, forming a cooling fluid barrier with the high-pressure atomized coolant, guiding the cooling fluid to flow to the grinding area, enhancing the cooling effect. After the rough grooving is completed, the workpiece is then adjusted by the three-axis moving frame to align with the finishing grinding wheel and the polishing grinding wheel in turn. At the same time, the control inner rod and the control sealing plate are moved by the control channel electric telescopic rod, so that the coolant is discharged from the drainage connecting hole on the inner side of the corresponding grinding wheel for cooling. S5 Machining Monitoring and Adjustment: During machining, the machining status and cooling effect are monitored in real time. By adjusting the extension and retraction of the flow channel's electrically controlled telescopic rod, the travel of the control rod is changed, and different drainage connection holes are switched to adjust the coolant discharge position and flow rate. At the same time, the X-axis movement speed and rotation speed of the workpiece driven by the clamping spindle mechanism and the speed of the grinding motor are adjusted to ensure machining accuracy. According to the grinding situation, the synchronous motor can be adjusted to control the telescopic rod, and the position of the flow guiding device can be finely adjusted to optimize the cooling fluid barrier effect. S6 Machining Completion and Equipment Reset: After grinding and sharpening the workpiece to the preset size, and completing the machining of the single-edged spiral end mill, sequentially shut down the grinding motor, the clamping spindle mechanism, the main cooling liquid supply pipe of the cooling system, the high-pressure nozzle pipe, and the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism; adjust the three-axis moving frame and the synchronous motor control telescopic rod to reset to the initial position; release the clamping spindle mechanism, remove the machined single-edged spiral end mill, clean the grinding wheels of the equipment machining table, the grinding and sharpening device, the centrifugal drainage spiral groove, and the grinding debris and residual coolant inside the casing, turn off the equipment power, and complete the entire machining process.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention coaxially mounts a rough grinding wheel, a fine grinding wheel, and a polishing wheel onto the same splined shaft frame, and fixes the grinding and sharpening device on the grinding base. Combined with a clamping and rotating spindle mechanism, this drives the workpiece to move along and rotate around the X-axis. After a single clamping, the workpiece can complete rough grinding and grooving, fine grinding and shaping, and polishing sequentially simply by adjusting the relative positions of the three-axis moving frame. Compared to existing technologies that require multiple transfers of the workpiece between different electric spindle stations, this invention completely avoids the inconsistency of reference points caused by multiple clamping or repositioning, eliminates the accumulation of positioning errors between processes, and significantly improves the circumferential runout accuracy and cutting edge profile consistency of single-flute helical end mills.

[0016] 2. Because the three grinding wheels are integrated on the same spindle, process switching only requires adjusting the relative position of the workpiece and different grinding wheels via a three-axis moving frame, eliminating the need to transfer the workpiece between different stations and re-set the tool. Simultaneously, a synchronous motor controls a telescopic rod to drive the airflow guide device to move along the workpiece axis, and the cooling system can automatically adjust with the processing position. This design significantly reduces auxiliary time for process switching, substantially shortens the processing cycle time, and effectively improves batch production efficiency.

[0017] 3. This invention features a dual-loop cooling system with internal and external synergy. On one hand, the axial-supply centrifugal cooling mechanism supplies coolant from the inside of the grinding wheel to the cutting edge of the roughing wheel via the shaft cavity, drain connection hole, and centrifugal drain spiral groove, achieving precise cooling "from the inside out." On the other hand, the flow guiding device forms a full-coverage cooling fluid barrier around the workpiece via the casing, main cooling supply pipe, bottom cover plate, and high-pressure atomizing nozzle, guiding the coolant to flow to the right along the workpiece surface and concentrating it towards the grinding area. This synergistic effect of internal and external cooling overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies where the cooling unit is only located on one side of the spindle and the spray direction is fixed. It achieves omnidirectional and uniform cooling of the long spiral groove, effectively reducing the temperature in the grinding zone, preventing workpiece burn-out, and extending the grinding wheel's life.

[0018] 4. This invention, through the cooperation of the electrically controlled telescopic rod, the control inner rod, and three sets of control sealing plates, allows the three sets of drain connection holes to be selectively connected according to the processing steps. When switching to rough grinding, fine grinding, or polishing, the system automatically controls the coolant to be discharged from the inner side of the corresponding grinding wheel, achieving on-demand coolant distribution and avoiding the energy waste and complex piping problems caused by independent cooling of all electric spindles in traditional solutions. Simultaneously, the three grinding wheels share the same splined shaft and the same spindle-based coolant supply system, resulting in a compact structure, reduced manufacturing costs, greatly simplified grinding wheel wear management and maintenance, and a significant improvement in overall equipment utilization.

[0019] 5. By adjusting the extension and retraction of the electrically controlled telescopic rod in real time, the coolant discharge position and flow rate can be dynamically switched. Simultaneously, the workpiece's moving speed, rotation speed, and grinding motor speed can be adjusted according to the machining status. The synchronous motor-controlled telescopic rod can also fine-tune the position of the guide device to optimize the cooling effect. This design enables the machining process to have adaptive adjustment capabilities, ensuring machining accuracy and cooling efficiency under different processes and working conditions, and promoting the development of single-flute spiral milling cutter machining equipment towards integration, intelligence, and green technology. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the synchronous motor control telescopic rod and the flow guiding device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the flow guiding device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting and grinding base and the grinding and sharpening device of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the grinding motor and splined shaft frame structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation sequence of the grinding wheels in this invention; Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 6 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the splined shaft support structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is the present invention. Figure 8 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the coarse grinding wheel of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. CNC machine tool body; 2. Three-axis moving frame; 3. Clamping and rotating spindle mechanism; 4. Workpiece; 5. Synchronous motor controlled telescopic rod; 6. Flow guiding device; 7. Grinding seat; 8. Grinding and sharpening device; 11. Protective rail window; 12. Control panel; 61. Cover; 62. Cavity partition; 63. Main coolant supply pipe; 64. High-pressure nozzle pipe; 65. High-pressure atomizing nozzle; 66. Bottom cover plate; 67. Load sealing ring; 81. 81. Grinding motor; 82. Splined shaft bracket; 83. Support ring seat; 84. First partition ring; 85. Polishing grinding wheel; 86. Second partition ring; 87. Fine finishing grinding wheel; 88. Third partition ring; 89. Coarse grinding wheel; 90. Locking nut; 91. Shaft cavity; 92. Liquid supply tank; 93. Drain port; 94. Centrifugal drain spiral groove; 95. Flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod; 96. Control inner rod; 97. Control sealing plate; 98. Drain connecting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] Working Principle Overview: This invention employs a dual-loop cooling system with internal and external coordination. In the external cooling loop, the flow guiding device 6 forms a circumferentially flowing liquid film around the workpiece 4, which, in conjunction with the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 65, penetrates the air barrier layer generated by the high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel. In the internal cooling loop, the axially supplied centrifugal cooling mechanism delivers coolant through the shaft cavity 91 to the inner side of each grinding wheel, and utilizes the pumping effect of the centrifugal drain spiral groove 94 to throw the coolant toward the working surface of the cutting edge. The three grinding wheels are coaxially connected in series, and rough grinding and grooving, fine grinding and shaping, and polishing can be completed sequentially with a single clamping. The coolant supply for the rough, fine, and polishing processes is controlled by the flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod 95, which drives the sealing plate 97 to selectively open the corresponding drain connection hole 98 to achieve on-demand distribution.

[0024] Example 1: As Figure 1-3As shown, the present invention provides a four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical milling cutters, comprising: The CNC machine tool body 1 has a three-axis moving frame 2 on the machining table. The front side of the CNC machine tool body 1 is fixedly equipped with a protective rail window 11 and a control panel 12. The protective rail window 11 plays a safety isolation role during the machining process to prevent coolant splashing and chips from injuring people. The control panel 12 centrally sets operation buttons and a display screen, which makes it convenient for operators to monitor machining parameters in real time and respond quickly to abnormal working conditions. The clamping and rotating spindle mechanism 3 is mounted on the three-axis moving frame 2. The clamping and rotating spindle mechanism 3 is used to clamp the workpiece 4 and drive the workpiece 4 to move along the X-axis and rotate around the X-axis. This mechanism integrates two functions: axial feed and rotational motion. Through the coordinated linkage of the X-axis and the A-axis, the workpiece 4 rotates simultaneously during the movement, thereby forming a continuous spiral motion trajectory on the workpiece surface, which meets the motion requirements of single-edged spiral milling cutter grooving. The flow guiding device 6 is installed on the synchronous motor-controlled telescopic rod 5 and is arranged to surround the workpiece 4. The device adopts a ring-shaped surrounding structure and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the workpiece 4. It can supply coolant to the workpiece surface from 360°, avoiding the defect of traditional single-sided nozzles that can only cover a local area, and providing a structural basis for the subsequent formation of a uniform liquid film in the entire circumference. A synchronous motor controls the telescopic rod 5, which is mounted on the clamping and rotating spindle mechanism 3. The telescopic end of the synchronous motor controls the telescopic rod 5 is connected to the guide device 6, which is used to drive the guide device 6 to move along the axis of the workpiece 4. The synchronous motor controls the telescopic rod 5 can adjust the axial position of the guide device 6 in real time according to the change of the processing position, so that it always follows the movement of the grinding area, ensuring that the coolant spray point and the grinding point maintain the optimal relative position, and avoiding cooling lag due to workpiece feed. The grinding mount 7 is installed on the machining table of the CNC machine tool body 1. The grinding mount 7 is located on one side of the three-axis moving frame 2. The grinding mount 7 adopts an independent fixed structure and is arranged separately from the three-axis moving frame 2. It provides a rigid support platform for the grinding and sharpening device 8, reduces the impact of vibration of moving parts on grinding accuracy, and also facilitates the independent disassembly and maintenance of the grinding device. The grinding and sharpening device 8 is installed on the grinding and sharpening base 7, and the grinding and sharpening device 8 corresponds to the processing position of the workpiece 4. The grinding and sharpening device 8 is equipped with a axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism. The grinding and sharpening device 8 integrates a axial liquid supply channel. The coolant is introduced from the center of the spindle and distributed to the working surface of each grinding wheel through the internal flow channel, realizing high-pressure jet cooling from the inside to the outside. Compared with the traditional external pouring cooling, this method can directly penetrate the air barrier layer formed by the high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel and accurately deliver the coolant to the grinding arc area.

[0025] The flow guiding device 6 includes a housing 61, a main cooling liquid supply pipe 63, a bottom cover plate 66, and a load sealing ring 67. The housing 61 is fixedly installed with the output end of the synchronous motor-controlled telescopic rod 5. The main cooling liquid supply pipe 63 is fixedly installed with the left side wall of the housing 61 and is used to supply coolant to the inside of the housing 61. The bottom cover plate 66 is fixedly installed with the right side wall of the housing 61. The coolant inside the housing 61 is discharged to the right along the inner side of the bottom cover plate 66 and covers the surface of the workpiece 4. The main cooling liquid supply pipe 63 introduces a large flow of coolant from the left side of the housing 61. After the liquid accumulates in the internal cavity of the housing 61, it flows naturally to the right under the action of fluid pressure through the guide slope of the bottom cover plate 66, forming a continuous liquid film that flows along the wall of the workpiece 4. This passive flow guiding does not require additional power, has low energy consumption, and provides uniform coverage.

[0026] The flow guiding device 6 also includes a cavity partition 62, a high-pressure nozzle pipe 64, and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle 65. The cavity partition 62 is fixedly installed inside the housing 61, dividing the interior of the housing 61 into two independent cavities. The high-pressure nozzle pipe 64 and the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 65 are interconnected and correspondingly located in the upper cavity of the housing 61. The high-pressure atomizing nozzle 65 sprays high-pressure atomized coolant into the upper cavity of the housing 61. The cavity partition 62 divides the interior of the housing 61 into two independent functional areas: the upper cavity is used for high-pressure atomization cooling, and the lower cavity is used for high-flow liquid film cooling, without interference between the two. The high-pressure atomizing nozzle 65 breaks the coolant into micron-sized droplets, which are ejected at high speed with the high-pressure airflow, effectively penetrating the air barrier layer generated by the rotation of the grinding wheel and reaching the depths of the grinding arc zone that are difficult to reach by conventional cooling methods.

[0027] The left port of the cover 61 is equipped with a load sealing ring 67, which is sleeved on the outside of the workpiece 4. The load sealing ring 67 is used to reduce the gap between the workpiece 4 and the left port of the cover 61. The load sealing ring 67 is made of wear-resistant material and maintains a small gap with the outer surface of the workpiece 4. This allows the workpiece 4 to move and rotate freely in the axial direction, while effectively preventing the coolant inside the cover 61 from leaking out in large quantities from the left port, maintaining stable internal pressure, and preventing external chips from entering the cover 61 and contaminating the coolant circulation system.

[0028] Example 2: Based on the external cooling liquid film of Example 1, an internal cooling channel is further added to form a dual-loop synergistic cooling system in which "external cooling liquid film covers the workpiece surface and internal cooling direct injection cools the grinding interface". The internal cooling and external cooling each undertake different cooling tasks. They complement each other rather than replace each other, and together they control the temperature of the grinding zone at a lower level, effectively preventing workpiece burn-out and premature passivation of the grinding wheel. Example 1 and Example 2 can be used alone or in combination.

[0029] The grinding and sharpening device 8 includes a grinding motor 81, a splined shaft holder 82, a support ring seat 83, a first partition ring 84, a polishing grinding wheel 85, a second partition ring 86, a finishing grinding wheel 87, a third partition ring 88, a coarse grinding wheel 89, and a locking nut 90. The grinding motor 81 is connected to the splined shaft holder 82. The splined shaft holder 82 is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the support ring seat 83. The coarse grinding wheel 89, the third partition ring 88, the finishing grinding wheel 87, the second partition ring 86, the polishing grinding wheel 85, and the first partition ring 84 are coaxially mounted on the splined shaft holder 84 in sequence along the axial direction. 2. The locking nut 90 is locked and installed at the end of the splined shaft frame 82 to axially limit and fix each grinding wheel and the separator ring. The three grinding wheels with different functions of roughing, fine and polishing are coaxially connected in series on the same splined shaft frame 82 to form a complete composite grinding unit. During processing, the three processes can be completed in sequence by adjusting the relative position of the workpiece and the different grinding wheels through the three-axis moving frame 2. The workpiece does not need to be loosened or the work station is transferred during the entire processing, which fundamentally eliminates the problem of inconsistent positioning reference caused by multiple clamping and greatly improves the processing consistency of the cutting edge profile.

[0030] The mounting base 7 serves as the core supporting foundation for the grinding and sharpening device 8 and related components of the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism. Its internal structure is an integrated installation structure. The grinding motor 81, the liquid supply tank 92, and the flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod 95 are all embedded in the internal cavity of the mounting base 7. All three are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting base 7 by bolt fastening, ensuring a stable installation without loosening.

[0031] The axial liquid-supply centrifugal cooling mechanism includes a shaft cavity 91, a liquid supply tank 92, a drain port 93, and a drain connection hole 98. The shaft cavity 91 is located at the center of the splined shaft bracket 82. The liquid supply tank 92 is installed on the right side of the grinding motor 81. A cavity is provided at the center of the rotor shaft of the grinding motor 81 to connect the shaft cavity 91 and the liquid supply tank 92. The shaft cavity 91 is connected to the drain port 93 through the drain connection hole 98. A coolant replenishment pipe is connected to the outside of the liquid supply tank 92. The coolant in the liquid supply tank 92 flows sequentially through the center cavity of the rotor of the grinding motor 81, the shaft cavity 91 of the splined shaft bracket 82, and finally reaches the drain port 93 through the drain connection hole 98. The entire liquid supply path is arranged along the central axis of the rotating component. Centrifugal force is used to assist in the outward delivery of coolant, reducing the pressure loss caused by the detour of the pipeline, simplifying the rotary sealing structure, and reducing the risk of leakage.

[0032] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the coarse grinding wheel 89 includes a grinding wheel, a left clamping seat, and a right clamping seat. The grinding wheel is clamped between the left clamping seat and the right clamping seat. The drain port 93 passes through the left clamping seat and the right clamping seat. The left end of the right clamping seat protrudes to the left near the axis. The right end of the left clamping seat has a matching sleeve. The left clamping seat fits onto the protruding part of the right clamping seat and squeezes and fixes the grinding wheel. The left and right clamping seats have anti-slip textures at the contact points with the grinding wheel. The inner wall of the right clamping seat and the position inside the drain port have an annular buffer cavity. The buffer cavity is connected to the drain communication hole 98.

[0033] The axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism also includes a centrifugal drain spiral groove 94. The centrifugal drain spiral groove 94 is opened on the surface of the rough grinding wheel 89. The coolant discharged from the drain port 93 and flowing to the surface of the rough grinding wheel 89 can be guided into the centrifugal drain spiral groove 94 and moved along the channel of the centrifugal drain spiral groove 94 to the cutting edge of the rough grinding wheel 89, so that the coolant can fully contact the cutting and grinding working surface for heat exchange and cooling. The centrifugal drain spiral groove 94 adopts a large spiral angle design, and its channel direction matches the rotation direction of the grinding wheel. When the grinding wheel rotates at high speed, the spiral groove generates a suction effect similar to a centrifugal pump, actively throwing the coolant from the drain port 93 along the channel to the outer periphery of the cutting edge. This "pumping" effect gives the coolant an additional tangential velocity, which can overcome the obstruction of the air barrier layer on the surface of the grinding wheel and ensure that the coolant actually reaches the grinding contact interface, rather than being blown away by the airflow.

[0034] The axial liquid-supply centrifugal cooling mechanism further includes a flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod 95, a control inner rod 96, and a control sealing plate 97. The flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod 95 is fixedly installed on the right side of the liquid supply tank 92. One end of the control inner rod 96 is connected to the output end of the flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod 95, and the other end of the control inner rod 96 passes through the liquid supply tank 92 and the grinding motor 81 and extends into the shaft cavity 91. The control sealing plate 97 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the control inner rod 96 and fits against the inner wall of the shaft cavity 91. The flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod 95 can drive the control inner rod 96 to move the control sealing plate. 97 moves axially within the shaft cavity 91 to control the opening and closing of the drain connection hole 98, thereby controlling the coolant to be discharged along the corresponding grinding wheel position. Through precise axial displacement control of the flow channel electronically controlled telescopic rod 95, the drain connection holes 98 at different positions are selectively opened, realizing the on-demand distribution of coolant among the three grinding wheels for rough grinding, fine grinding, and polishing. When a grinding wheel is in working condition, only the corresponding drain port 93 is opened to supply coolant, while the other drain ports 93 are closed to avoid coolant waste and also to prevent coolant from flowing to non-working surfaces and causing unnecessary impact on other components.

[0035] The drain connection holes 98 are arranged in three sets along the axial direction, and the control sealing plates 97 are also arranged in three sets corresponding to the drain connection holes 98. The distance between the three sets of control sealing plates 97 and their corresponding drain connection holes 98 is different. By controlling the inner control rod 96 to drive the control sealing plates 97 to produce different movement strokes, one of the three drain connection holes 98 can be selected to be opened for coolant drainage. The three sets of drain connection holes 98 and the three sets of control sealing plates 97 adopt a differentiated spacing design, that is, the distance between the first sealing plate and the first hole, the distance between the second sealing plate and the second hole, and the distance between the third sealing plate and the third hole are set to different values. In this way, when the inner control rod 96 moves different strokes, only the corresponding matching hole will be opened, and the other two sets will remain closed. This mechanical coding selection structure is simple and reliable, and can realize independent control of multiple coolant channels without the need for a complex solenoid valve array.

[0036] A method for using a four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills includes the following steps: S1 Workpiece clamping: The single-edged spiral milling cutter blank to be processed is used as the workpiece 4. It is clamped and fixed by the clamping spindle mechanism 3 to ensure that the workpiece 4 is firmly clamped; the synchronous motor controls the telescopic rod 5 to drive the guide device 6 to be sleeved on the outside of the workpiece 4. The clamping and rotating spindle mechanism 3 realizes one-time axial clamping and rotation drive of the workpiece, providing a unified positioning reference for subsequent X-axis movement and A-axis rotation, avoiding the inconsistency of reference caused by multiple clamping in the traditional solution; the synchronous motor controls the telescopic rod 5 to push the guide device 6 to the predetermined working position, so that the cover 61 and the workpiece 4 form a fixed gap annular channel, laying the structural foundation for uniform cooling in the whole circumference. S2 starts the equipment through the control panel 12 of the CNC machine tool body 1, adjusts the three-axis moving frame 2 to drive the clamping and rotating spindle mechanism 3 and the workpiece 4 to move, and at the same time uses the clamping and rotating spindle mechanism 3 to drive the workpiece 4 to move along the X-axis and rotate around the X-axis, so that the workpiece 4 is positioned with the rough grinding wheel 89, the fine grinding wheel 87 and the polishing grinding wheel 85 of the grinding and sharpening device 8; starts the synchronous motor to control the telescopic rod 5, so that its telescopic end drives the guide device 6 to move along the axis of the workpiece 4 until the guide device surrounds the workpiece 4 and reaches the preset working position; It achieves precise alignment between the workpiece and the composite grinding unit. The three-axis moving frame 2 is responsible for coarse positioning, while the X-axis and A-axis of the clamping spindle mechanism 3 are linked to ensure precise positioning of the spiral trajectory. The synchronous motor controls the telescopic rod 5 so that the guide device 6 can follow the workpiece machining position axially in real time, ensuring that the coolant spray point always maintains the best relative position with the grinding point, and avoiding cooling lag caused by workpiece feeding. S3 Cooling System Start-up: Start the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism. The coolant in the liquid supply tank 92 flows into the shaft cavity 91 located at the center of the spline shaft bracket 82 through the hole in the rotor shaft of the grinding motor 81. Start the flow channel electric control telescopic rod 95. Its drive control inner rod 96 drives the three sets of control sealing plates 97 to move axially along the inner wall of the shaft cavity 91. Control the movement stroke of the control inner rod 96 according to the processing requirements. Utilize the difference in the distance between the three sets of control sealing plates 97 and the corresponding three sets of drain connection holes 98 to selectively open one of the drain connection holes 98. First, control the drain connection hole 98 located inside the rough grinding wheel 89 to keep draining. So that the coolant in the shaft cavity 91 flows to the drain port 93 through the opened drain connection hole 98 and is discharged from the drain port 93 to the surface of the rough grinding wheel 89. The three sets of drainage connecting holes 98 and the three sets of control sealing plates 97 adopt a differentiated spacing design. The coolant supply for the three grinding wheels of coarse, fine, and polishing can be independently switched by different strokes of the single flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod 95, without the need for a complex solenoid valve array. The coolant enters the shaft cavity 91 directly through the hollow channel of the motor rotor, with a short path and low pressure loss. The internal cooling channel of the coarse grinding section is preferentially opened to ensure timely cooling when removing large excess material during grooving. S4 Auxiliary Cooling and Grinding: Coolant is supplied to the inside of the housing 61 through the main cooling supply pipe 63, and high-pressure atomized coolant is sprayed into the upper cavity through the high-pressure nozzle pipe 64 and the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 65. The grinding motor 81 is started, which is connected to the spline shaft frame 82 and drives the spline shaft frame 82 to rotate inside the support ring seat 83. This drives the coaxial rough grinding wheel 89, the third partition ring 88, the fine grinding wheel 87, the second partition ring 86, the polishing grinding wheel 85, and the first partition ring 84, which are coaxially mounted on the spline shaft frame 82, to rotate synchronously. The locking nut 90 axially limits the grinding wheels and partition rings to ensure stable rotation. At the same time, the relative position of the workpiece 4 and each grinding wheel is adjusted by the three-axis moving frame 2. The clamping and rotating spindle mechanism 3 is started to drive the workpiece 4 to rotate around the X-axis. The axis rotates, and the workpiece 4 is first rough-ground and grooved by the rough grinding wheel 89. During the grinding process, the coolant flowing to the surface of the rough grinding wheel 89 is introduced into the centrifugal drainage spiral groove 94 opened on its surface, and guided along the groove to the cutting edge of the rough grinding wheel 89, so as to fully contact the cutting and grinding working surface for heat exchange and cooling. The coolant in the cover 61 is discharged to the right along the inner side of the bottom cover plate 66, covering the surface of the workpiece 4. It forms a cooling fluid barrier with the high-pressure atomized coolant, guides the cooling fluid to flow to the grinding area, and enhances the cooling effect. After the rough grooving is completed, the workpiece 4 is then adjusted by the three-axis moving frame 2 to be aligned with the finishing grinding wheel 87 and the polishing grinding wheel 85 in turn. At the same time, the control inner rod 96 and the control sealing plate 97 are moved by the control flow channel electric telescopic rod 95, so that the coolant is discharged from the drainage connecting hole 98 on the inner side of the grinding wheel to perform the cooling work. A dual-loop cooling system with internal and external coordination is constructed: external cooling is achieved by the cover 61 forming a full-circuit liquid film and high-pressure atomization penetrating the air barrier layer; internal cooling is achieved by the shaft cavity 91 supplying liquid and generating a centrifugal pumping effect through the centrifugal drainage spiral groove 94, actively throwing the coolant towards the cutting edge; the three grinding wheels, coaxially connected in series, complete the roughing, finishing and polishing processes in one clamping, without the need for repositioning in between, eliminating the accumulation of positional errors in traditional multi-spindle multi-station machining; the separator ring ensures that the grinding wheels maintain axial clearance, preventing coolant crossflow and grinding debris blockage; S5 Machining Monitoring and Adjustment: During machining, the machining status and cooling effect are monitored in real time. By adjusting the extension and retraction of the flow channel electronically controlled telescopic rod 95, the travel of the control inner rod 96 is changed, and different drain connection holes 98 are switched to adjust the coolant discharge position and flow rate. At the same time, the X-axis movement speed and rotation speed of the clamping spindle mechanism 3 driving the workpiece 4, as well as the speed of the grinding motor 81, are adjusted to ensure machining accuracy. According to the grinding situation, the synchronous motor control telescopic rod 5 can be adjusted to fine-tune the position of the flow guiding device 6 and optimize the cooling fluid barrier effect. Based on the different cooling requirements of each process, such as rough grinding, fine grinding, and polishing, the coolant supply position and flow rate are switched in real time to avoid resource waste; the linkage control of processing parameters (feed speed, rotation speed) and cooling parameters can maximize processing efficiency while ensuring surface quality; the fine adjustment function of the guide device position compensates for the gap changes caused by workpiece axial movement or grinding wheel wear, maintaining the best liquid film coverage effect. S6 Machining Completion and Equipment Reset: After grinding and sharpening the workpiece 4 to the preset size, and completing the single-edged spiral milling cutter machining, sequentially shut down the grinding motor 81, the clamping spindle mechanism 3, the main cooling liquid supply pipe 63 of the cooling system, the high-pressure nozzle pipe 64, and the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism; adjust the three-axis moving frame 2 and the synchronous motor control telescopic rod 5 to reset to the initial position; release the clamping spindle mechanism 3, remove the machined single-edged spiral milling cutter, clean the grinding wheels of the equipment machining table, the grinding and sharpening device 8, the centrifugal drain spiral groove 94, and the grinding debris and residual coolant inside the cover 61, turn off the equipment power, and complete the entire machining process; Sequentially shutting down each power and cooling unit can prevent local overheating or chip residue caused by sudden flow interruption; thorough cleaning of the grinding wheel surface, spiral groove and inside the casing 61 prevents grinding debris and coolant residue from contaminating the next processing or affecting the dynamic balance of the grinding wheel, extending the service life of the equipment and ensuring the consistency of batch processing.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills, characterized in that, include: The CNC machine tool body (1) is provided with a three-axis moving frame (2) on the machining table of the CNC machine tool body (1), and a protective rail window (11) and a control panel (12) are fixedly installed on the front side of the CNC machine tool body (1). A clamping and rotating spindle mechanism (3) is mounted on the three-axis moving frame (2). The clamping and rotating spindle mechanism (3) is used to clamp the workpiece (4) and drive the workpiece (4) to move along the X-axis and rotate around the X-axis. Synchronous motor controlled telescopic rod (5), the synchronous motor controlled telescopic rod (5) is installed on the clamping self-rotating spindle mechanism (3), the telescopic end of the synchronous motor controlled telescopic rod (5) is connected to the flow guide device (6), and is used to drive the flow guide device (6) to move along the axial direction of the workpiece (4); A flow guiding device (6) is installed on the synchronous motor control telescopic rod (5), and the flow guiding device (6) is arranged to surround the workpiece (4); The grinding mount (7) is installed on the machining table of the CNC machine tool body (1) and is located on one side of the three-axis moving frame (2). The grinding and sharpening device (8) is installed on the grinding and sharpening base (7), and the grinding and sharpening device (8) corresponds to the processing position of the workpiece (4). The grinding and sharpening device (8) is equipped with a axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism.

2. The four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow guiding device (6) includes a cover (61), a main cooling liquid supply pipe (63), a bottom cover plate (66), and a load sealing ring (67). The cover (61) is fixedly installed with the output end of the synchronous motor control telescopic rod (5). The main cooling liquid supply pipe (63) is fixedly installed with the left side wall of the cover (61). The main cooling liquid supply pipe (63) is used to supply coolant to the inside of the cover (61). The bottom cover plate (66) is fixedly installed with the right side wall of the cover (61). The coolant inside the cover (61) is discharged to the right along the inner side of the bottom cover plate (66) and covers the surface of the workpiece (4).

3. The four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow guiding device (6) also includes a cavity partition (62), a high-pressure nozzle pipe (64), and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle (65). The cavity partition (62) is fixedly installed inside the cover (61). The cavity partition (62) divides the inside of the cover (61) into two independent cavities. The high-pressure nozzle pipe (64) and the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (65) are interconnected and are correspondingly arranged in the upper cavity of the cover (61). The high-pressure atomizing nozzle (65) sprays high-pressure atomized coolant toward the upper cavity of the cover.

4. The four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills according to claim 3, characterized in that, A load sealing ring (67) is fitted inside the left port of the cover (61). The load sealing ring (67) is sleeved on the outside of the workpiece (4). The load sealing ring (67) is used to reduce the gap between the workpiece (4) and the left port of the cover (61).

5. The four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding and sharpening device (8) includes a grinding motor (81), a splined shaft frame (82), a support ring seat (83), a first partition ring (84), a polishing grinding wheel (85), a second partition ring (86), a finishing grinding wheel (87), a third partition ring (88), a coarse grinding wheel (89), and a locking nut (90). The grinding motor (81) is connected to the splined shaft frame (82) for transmission. The splined shaft frame (82) is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the support ring seat (83). The coarse grinding wheel (89), the third partition ring (88), the finishing grinding wheel (87), the second partition ring (86), the polishing grinding wheel (85), and the first partition ring (84) are coaxially mounted on the splined shaft frame (82) in sequence along the axial direction. The locking nut (90) is locked and installed at the end of the splined shaft frame (82) for axial limiting and fixing of each grinding wheel and partition ring.

6. The four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills according to claim 5, characterized in that, The axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism includes a shaft cavity (91), a liquid supply tank (92), a liquid outlet (93), and a liquid outlet connecting hole (98). The shaft cavity (91) is located at the axial center of the splined shaft frame (82). The liquid supply tank (92) is installed on the right side of the grinding motor (81). A cavity is provided at the rotor shaft center of the grinding motor (81) to connect the shaft cavity (91) and the liquid supply tank (92). The shaft cavity (91) is connected to the liquid outlet (93) through the liquid outlet connecting hole (98).

7. The four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills according to claim 6, characterized in that, The axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism also includes a centrifugal drain spiral groove (94). The centrifugal drain spiral groove (94) is opened on the surface of the coarse grinding wheel (89). The coolant discharged from the drain port (93) and flowing to the surface of the coarse grinding wheel (89) can be introduced into the interior of the centrifugal drain spiral groove (94) and guided along the channel of the centrifugal drain spiral groove (94) to the cutting edge of the coarse grinding wheel (89), so that the coolant can fully contact the cutting and grinding working surface for heat exchange and cooling.

8. The four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills according to claim 7, characterized in that, The axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism also includes a flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod (95), a control inner rod (96), and a control sealing plate (97). The flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod (95) is fixedly installed on the right side of the liquid supply tank (92). One end of the control inner rod (96) is connected to the output end of the flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod (95). The other end of the control inner rod (96) passes through the liquid supply tank (92) and the grinding motor (81) and extends into the shaft cavity (91). The control sealing plate (97) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the control inner rod (96). The control sealing plate (97) is in contact with the inner wall of the shaft cavity (91). The flow channel electrically controlled telescopic rod (95) can drive the control inner rod (96) to drive the control sealing plate (97) to move axially along the inside of the shaft cavity (91) to realize the opening and closing of the liquid discharge communication hole (98), thereby controlling the coolant to be discharged along the corresponding processing grinding wheel position.

9. The four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drain connection holes (98) are arranged in three sets at intervals along the axial direction. The control sealing plate (97) is also arranged in three sets corresponding to the drain connection holes (98). The distance between the three sets of control sealing plates (97) and their corresponding drain connection holes (98) is different. By controlling the inner control rod (96) to drive the control sealing plate (97) to generate different movement strokes, one of the three drain connection holes (98) can be selected to be opened for coolant draining operation.

10. A method of using a four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills, characterized in that, The application to a four-axis CNC machine tool for machining single-flute helical end mills as described in any of the preceding claims includes the following steps: S1 Workpiece clamping: The single-edged spiral milling cutter blank to be processed is used as the workpiece (4). It is clamped and fixed by the clamping spindle mechanism (3) to ensure that the workpiece (4) is firmly clamped; the synchronous motor controls the telescopic rod (5) to drive the guide device (6) to be sleeved on the outside of the workpiece (4); S2 starts the equipment through the control panel (12) of the CNC machine tool body (1), adjusts the three-axis moving frame (2) to drive the clamping spindle mechanism (3) and the workpiece (4) to move, and at the same time uses the clamping spindle mechanism (3) to drive the workpiece (4) to move along the X-axis and rotate around the X-axis, so that the workpiece (4) is positioned with the rough grinding wheel (89), fine grinding wheel (87) and polishing grinding wheel (85) of the grinding and sharpening device (8); starts the synchronous motor to control the telescopic rod (5), so that its telescopic end drives the guide device (6) to move along the axis of the workpiece (4) until the guide device surrounds the workpiece (4) and reaches the preset working position; S3 Cooling System Start-up: Start the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism. The coolant in the liquid supply tank (92) flows into the shaft cavity (91) opened at the center of the spline shaft frame (82) through the hole in the rotor shaft of the grinding motor (81). Start the flow channel electric control telescopic rod (95). Its drive control inner rod (96) drives the three sets of control sealing plates (97) to move axially along the inner wall of the shaft cavity (91). According to the processing requirements, control the movement stroke of the control inner rod (96). Utilize the difference in the distance between the three sets of control sealing plates (97) and the corresponding three sets of drain connection holes (98) to selectively open one of the drain connection holes (98). First, control the drain connection hole (98) located inside the rough grinding wheel (89) to keep draining. So that the coolant in the shaft cavity (91) flows to the drain port (93) through the opened drain connection hole (98) and is discharged from the drain port (93) to the surface of the rough grinding wheel (89). S4 Auxiliary Cooling and Grinding Process: Coolant is supplied to the inside of the housing (61) through the main cooling supply pipe (63), and high-pressure atomized coolant is sprayed into the upper cavity through the high-pressure nozzle pipe (64) and the high-pressure atomizing nozzle (65); the grinding motor (81) is started, which is connected to the spline shaft frame (82) for transmission, and drives the spline shaft frame (82) to rotate inside the support ring seat (83), thereby driving the coaxially mounted rough grinding wheel (89), third partition ring (88), fine grinding wheel (87), second partition ring (86), polishing grinding wheel (85), and first partition ring (84) on the spline shaft frame (82) to rotate synchronously. The locking nut (90) limits the axial movement of each grinding wheel and partition ring to ensure stable rotation; at the same time, the relative position of the workpiece (4) and each grinding wheel is adjusted through the three-axis moving frame (2), and the clamping self-rotating spindle mechanism (3) is started to drive the workpiece (4) to rotate around the X-axis. The shaft rotates, and the workpiece (4) is first rough-ground and grooved by the rough grinding wheel (89). During the grinding process, the coolant flowing to the surface of the rough grinding wheel (89) is introduced into the centrifugal drainage spiral groove (94) opened on its surface, and guided along the groove to the cutting edge of the rough grinding wheel (89), where it fully contacts the cutting and grinding working surface for heat exchange and cooling. The coolant in the cover (61) is discharged to the right along the inner side of the bottom cover plate (66), covering the surface of the workpiece (4), and working in conjunction with the high-pressure atomized coolant. A cooling fluid barrier is formed to guide the cooling fluid to flow to the grinding area and enhance the cooling effect. After the rough grooving is completed, the workpiece (4) is adjusted by the three-axis moving frame (2) and then aligned with the finishing grinding wheel (87) and the polishing grinding wheel (85) in turn. At the same time, the control inner rod (96) and the control sealing plate (97) are moved by the control flow channel electric telescopic rod (95) so that the coolant is discharged from the drain connection hole (98) on the inner side of the grinding wheel to perform the grinding process. S5 Processing Monitoring and Adjustment: During the processing, the processing status and cooling effect are monitored in real time. By adjusting the extension and retraction of the flow channel electric control telescopic rod (95), the travel of the control inner rod (96) is changed, and different drain connection holes (98) are switched to adjust the coolant discharge position and flow rate. At the same time, the X-axis movement speed and rotation speed of the clamping spindle mechanism (3) driving the workpiece (4) and the speed of the grinding motor (81) are adjusted to ensure processing accuracy. According to the grinding situation, the synchronous motor control telescopic rod (5) can be adjusted to finely adjust the position of the flow guide device (6) and optimize the cooling fluid barrier effect. S6 Processing Completed and Equipment Reset: Grind the workpiece (4) to the preset size. After completing the single-edged spiral milling cutter processing, turn off the grinding motor (81), the clamping spindle mechanism (3), the main cooling liquid supply pipe (63), the high-pressure nozzle pipe (64), and the axial liquid supply centrifugal cooling mechanism in sequence. Adjust the three-axis moving frame (2) and the synchronous motor control telescopic rod (5) to reset to the initial position. Release the clamping spindle mechanism (3), remove the processed single-edged spiral milling cutter, clean the grinding wheels of the equipment processing table, the grinding and sharpening device (8), the centrifugal drain spiral groove (94), and the inside of the cover (61) of the equipment, turn off the equipment power, and complete the entire processing process.

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