Generator automatic switching and temperature control method for ammonia adsorption refrigeration system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of temperature control system technology, specifically to an automatic switching and temperature control method for an ammonia adsorption refrigeration system generator. The ammonia adsorption refrigeration system includes three parallel generators (A, B, C), a sensor array, a PLC controller, a waste heat exchange system, a cooling water system, and a liquid ammonia storage tank. The invention is characterized by the following steps: Step 1: System initialization and parameter calibration; This invention employs an automatic switching mechanism using a PLC and sensor array, with a switching response time ≤0.5s, a refrigeration interruption time ≤0.1min during the switching process, and refrigeration capacity fluctuations controlled within ±5%, completely solving the refrigeration interruption problem caused by manual switching. Based on the adsorbent state and waste heat parameters, the desorption / adsorption temperatures are dynamically adjusted, with a desorption temperature control accuracy of ±2℃ and an adsorption temperature control accuracy of ±1℃. The adsorbent desorption rate is increased to over 95%, the adsorption saturation rate reaches 90%, and the system coefficient of performance (COP) is increased to over 0.8.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of temperature control system technology, specifically to an automatic switching and temperature control method for an ammonia adsorption refrigeration system generator. Background Technology

[0002] Ammonia adsorption refrigeration systems, with their advantages of zero emissions, maintenance-free operation, and adaptability to low-grade waste heat, have broad application prospects in industrial refrigeration, cold chain transportation, and cold storage. As the core component of the system, the generator's operating status (switching sequence, temperature control) directly determines the refrigeration efficiency and stability; however, existing technologies have significant drawbacks:

[0003] Generator switching relies on manual operation, resulting in low precision and poor continuity: Traditional ammonia adsorption refrigeration systems mostly use manual or semi-automatic generator switching, which depends on the operator's experience to judge the timing of switching. This can easily lead to switching delays or premature switching, resulting in refrigeration interruptions (interruption time ≥ 3 min) and refrigeration capacity fluctuations exceeding 20%, failing to meet continuous refrigeration requirements.

[0004] The temperature control method is crude, resulting in low desorption and adsorption efficiency: The existing system uses fixed power heating or cooling and does not dynamically adjust the temperature according to the waste heat parameters (temperature, flow rate) and adsorbent state. During desorption, local overheating is prone to occur, leading to adsorbent aging. During adsorption, insufficient cooling leads to insufficient adsorption saturation, and the coefficient of performance (COP) is less than 0.6.

[0005] Poor coordination among multiple generators leads to significant energy waste: The switching sequence of each unit in the three-generator system lacks an intelligent coordination mechanism, often resulting in conflicts between heating and cooling processes, and waste heat utilization rate is less than 70%. At the same time, the lack of a waste heat fluctuation compensation mechanism means that when the waste heat temperature decreases or the flow rate decreases, the operating parameters cannot be adjusted in time, leading to a significant reduction in the system's cooling performance.

[0006] The system suffers from delayed fault response and insufficient reliability: faults such as seal failure and temperature sensor malfunction during generator switching are difficult to monitor in real time, which can easily lead to safety issues such as ammonia leakage and cross-contamination; moreover, there is no adaptive adjustment strategy, and the system needs to be shut down for maintenance after a fault occurs, which affects the continuous operation of the system.

[0007] Lack of digital management and control makes parameter optimization difficult: No correlation model between generator operation data and cooling effect has been established, making it impossible to optimize switching timing and temperature control parameters through data analysis. The system's performance degrades significantly after long-term operation (1-year degradation rate ≥15%).

[0008] Existing technologies have not yet formed an integrated method of "intelligent collaborative switching of multiple generators - dynamic and precise temperature control - adaptive compensation for waste heat fluctuations - real-time fault response", which restricts the efficient and stable application of ammonia adsorption refrigeration systems. Therefore, an automatic switching and temperature control method for generators in ammonia adsorption refrigeration systems is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the present invention provides an automatic generator switching and temperature control method for an ammonia adsorption refrigeration system to solve or alleviate the technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provides a beneficial option.

[0010] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: an automatic switching and temperature control method for the generator of an ammonia adsorption refrigeration system, wherein the ammonia adsorption refrigeration system includes three generators (A, B, C) connected in parallel, a sensor array, a PLC controller, a waste heat exchange system, a cooling water system, and a liquid ammonia storage tank, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: System Initialization and Parameter Calibration

[0012] S1.1 Start-up system: The sensor array collects the initial temperature (T0) and pressure (P0) of the adsorbent in each generator, the liquid level (L0) of the liquid ammonia storage tank, the residual heat temperature (T_heat) and flow rate (Q_heat), and the cooling water temperature (T_cool) and flow rate (Q_cool).

[0013] S1.2 Calibrate key parameter thresholds: desorption temperature threshold (T_des=80~120℃), adsorption temperature threshold (T_ads=30~50℃), switching trigger pressure (P_trig=0.6~0.8MPa), adsorption saturation pressure (P_sat=0.1~0.2MPa), and set the three-generator switching cycle (T_cycle=10~15min).

[0014] Step 2: Monitoring and Judging the Operating Status of the Generator

[0015] S2.1 Real-time monitoring of the operating status of each generator: desorption state (heating), adsorption state (cooling), standby state. The temperature of the adsorbent (T_i) is collected in real time by a temperature sensor, and the pressure inside the generator (P_i) is collected by a pressure sensor (i=A, B, C).

[0016] S2.2 State Judgment Logic:

[0017] When the pressure inside the generator P_i ≥ P_trig and the adsorbent temperature T_i ≥ T_des, desorption is determined to be complete, and a switching command is triggered.

[0018] When the pressure inside the generator P_i ≤ P_sat and the adsorbent temperature T_i ≤ T_ads, adsorption is determined to be complete, and a switching command is triggered.

[0019] Real-time monitoring of waste heat parameters (T_heat, Q_heat) and cooling water parameters (T_cool, Q_cool) is initiated. If the parameter fluctuations exceed the threshold (T_heat±20℃, Q_heat±15%), dynamic temperature control adjustment is activated.

[0020] Step 3: Intelligent Cooperative Switching Between Multiple Generators

[0021] S3.1 Switching Sequence Design: Adopting a "desorption-adsorption-standby" cycle mode, the three generators switch sequentially in the order of A→B→C to ensure that at any given time, at least one generator is in the desorption state and one is in the adsorption state, thus achieving continuous cooling.

[0022] S3.2 Switching Execution Flow:

[0023] Desorption completes switching: The PLC controller sends a command to close the waste heat inlet valve of generator A and cut off the heating; at the same time, it opens the cooling water inlet valve to start the adsorption process; and simultaneously opens the waste heat inlet valve of generator B to start the desorption process.

[0024] Adsorption completes switching: The PLC controller issues a command to close the cooling water inlet valve of generator B, cutting off cooling; switches to standby mode; and simultaneously opens the cooling water inlet valve of generator C to start the adsorption process.

[0025] S3.3 Switching Sealing Guarantee: During the switching process, a water seal structure dynamically seals the seal, and the PLC controller monitors the sealing chamber pressure in real time to ensure that the sealing pressure is ≥0.1MPa, preventing ammonia leakage and cross-contamination.

[0026] Step 4: Dynamic and precise temperature control

[0027] S4.1 Temperature control during the desorption stage: The heating intensity is dynamically adjusted based on waste heat parameters and adsorbent state, and the heat exchange power is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the waste heat inlet valve (0-100%).

[0028] When T_heat≥150℃ and Q_heat≥0.5 tons / h, the valve opening is 50~70%, and Ti=T_des±2℃ is maintained;

[0029] When T_heat = 120~150℃ and Q_heat = 0.3~0.5 tons / h, the valve opening is 80~100%, and the heat storage device is started to assist heating, maintaining Ti = T_des±2℃;

[0030] S4.2 Adsorption Stage Temperature Control: The cooling intensity is dynamically adjusted based on the adsorbent temperature and cooling demand. The cooling power is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the cooling water inlet valve (0-100%).

[0031] When T_cool≤30℃ and Q_cool≥5m³ / h, the valve opening is 40~60%, and Ti=T_ads±1℃ is maintained.

[0032] When T_cool=30~40℃ and Q_cool=3~5m³ / h, the valve opening is 70~90%, and the cooling enhancement device is activated to maintain T_i=T_ads±1℃;

[0033] S4.3 Temperature Uniformity Control: Local temperature is monitored by distributed temperature sensors inside the generator. When the local temperature difference is ≥5℃, the internal airflow disturbance device is activated to ensure uniform adsorbent temperature.

[0034] Step 5: Fluctuation Compensation and Fault Response

[0035] S5.1 Waste heat fluctuation compensation: When T_heat is below 120℃ or Q_heat is below 0.3 tons / h, the heat storage device is activated to release heat, and the desorption time is extended by 10% to 20% to ensure sufficient desorption;

[0036] S5.2 Fault Monitoring and Response:

[0037] Temperature sensor malfunction: The system calculates the fault using interpolation data from adjacent sensors and issues a fault warning to maintain system operation.

[0038] Seal failure (sealing chamber pressure <0.1MPa): Immediately switch to standby sealing mode, close the inlet and outlet valves of the generator, and activate maintenance prompt;

[0039] Abnormal pressure (P_i>1.0MPa or P_i<0.05MPa): Automatically adjust valve opening to relieve or replenish pressure, ensuring system safety.

[0040] Step 6: Optimize and Iterate Running Parameters

[0041] S6.1 Data Acquisition and Analysis: Real-time storage of switching time sequence, temperature, pressure, cooling capacity and other data, and establishment of a "parameter-performance" correlation model;

[0042] S6.2 Parameter Iterative Optimization: Based on the model analysis results, every 100 switching cycles, the switching cycle (T_cycle) and desorption / adsorption temperature thresholds (T_des, T_ads) are automatically optimized to continuously improve cooling efficiency and stability.

[0043] More preferably, the sensor array in step S1.1 includes a distributed temperature sensor (accuracy ±0.5℃), a pressure sensor (accuracy ±0.01MPa), a flow sensor (accuracy ±1%), and a liquid level sensor (accuracy ±1%), with a data acquisition frequency of 10 times / min.

[0044] More preferably, the switching cycle T_cycle in step S3.1 can be adaptively adjusted according to the cooling demand, shortening to 10 minutes when the cooling demand increases and extending to 15 minutes when the demand decreases.

[0045] More preferably, the water seal structure in step S3.3 includes an elastic seal and an automatic pressure compensation valve, and the sealing pressure is dynamically adjusted by a PLC controller to maintain it at 0.1~0.2MPa.

[0046] More preferably, the heat storage device mentioned in step S4.1 is a phase change heat storage device, the heat storage medium is a paraffin-based composite phase change material, the phase change temperature is 120~130℃, and the heat storage density is ≥200kJ / kg.

[0047] More preferably, the cooling enhancement device in step S4.2 is a spray cooling module, which is activated when the cooling water cooling efficiency is insufficient, thereby increasing the cooling rate by 20% to 30%.

[0048] In a further preferred embodiment, the fault warning in step S5.2 is provided by a combination of audible and visual alarms and remote notifications, and the fault data is automatically stored in the cloud server for traceability and analysis.

[0049] More preferably, the "parameter-performance" correlation model in step S6.1 is constructed using a BP neural network algorithm, with input parameters being switching cycle, desorption / adsorption temperature, and waste heat / cooling water parameters, and output parameters being cooling capacity and COP value, and the model prediction error being ≤5%.

[0050] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions:

[0051] I. This invention adopts an automatic switching mechanism of PLC + sensor array, with a switching response time ≤0.5s, a cooling interruption time of ≤0.1min during the switching process, and cooling capacity fluctuation controlled within ±5%, completely solving the problem of cooling interruption caused by manual switching. Based on the adsorbent state and waste heat parameters, the desorption / adsorption temperature is dynamically adjusted, with a desorption temperature control accuracy of ±2℃ and an adsorption temperature control accuracy of ±1℃. The adsorbent desorption rate is increased to over 95%, the adsorption saturation rate reaches 90%, and the system cooling coefficient (COP) is increased to over 0.8.

[0052] Second, this invention establishes a three-generator switching timing coordination model to achieve conflict-free connection of heating and cooling processes, and improves waste heat utilization rate to over 85%. It designs a compensation strategy for waste heat fluctuations. When the waste heat temperature fluctuates by ±20℃ and the flow rate fluctuates by ±15%, the system's cooling performance decreases by ≤8%. It integrates a multi-dimensional fault monitoring and adaptive adjustment module, which can identify faults such as seal failure and sensor abnormality in real time. The fault response time is ≤10s, and it automatically switches to the standby operation mode. The system's continuous operation time is ≥8000h, and the downtime maintenance rate is reduced by 70%.

[0053] Third, this invention constructs a correlation model between operating data and cooling effect, and continuously optimizes the switching timing and temperature control parameters through data analysis, with a system performance degradation rate of ≤5% over one year; at the same time, it supports remote monitoring and parameter adjustment, reducing manual maintenance costs.

[0054] The above overview is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become readily apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0058] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an automatic generator switching and temperature control method for an ammonia adsorption refrigeration system. The ammonia adsorption refrigeration system includes three generators (A, B, C) connected in parallel, a sensor array, a PLC controller, a waste heat exchange system, a cooling water system, and a liquid ammonia storage tank. The method is characterized by the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: System Initialization and Parameter Calibration

[0061] S1.1 Start-up system: The sensor array collects the initial temperature (T0) and pressure (P0) of the adsorbent in each generator, the liquid level (L0) of the liquid ammonia storage tank, the residual heat temperature (T_heat) and flow rate (Q_heat), and the cooling water temperature (T_cool) and flow rate (Q_cool).

[0062] S1.2 Calibrate key parameter thresholds: desorption temperature threshold (T_des=80~120℃), adsorption temperature threshold (T_ads=30~50℃), switching trigger pressure (P_trig=0.6~0.8MPa), adsorption saturation pressure (P_sat=0.1~0.2MPa), and set the three-generator switching cycle (T_cycle=10~15min).

[0063] Step 2: Monitoring and Judging the Operating Status of the Generator

[0064] S2.1 Real-time monitoring of the operating status of each generator: desorption state (heating), adsorption state (cooling), standby state. The temperature of the adsorbent (T_i) is collected in real time by a temperature sensor, and the pressure inside the generator (P_i) is collected by a pressure sensor (i=A, B, C).

[0065] S2.2 State Judgment Logic:

[0066] When the pressure inside the generator P_i ≥ P_trig and the adsorbent temperature T_i ≥ T_des, desorption is determined to be complete, and a switching command is triggered.

[0067] When the pressure inside the generator P_i ≤ P_sat and the adsorbent temperature T_i ≤ T_ads, adsorption is determined to be complete, and a switching command is triggered.

[0068] Real-time monitoring of waste heat parameters (T_heat, Q_heat) and cooling water parameters (T_cool, Q_cool) is initiated. If the parameter fluctuations exceed the threshold (T_heat±20℃, Q_heat±15%), dynamic temperature control adjustment is activated.

[0069] Step 3: Intelligent Cooperative Switching Between Multiple Generators

[0070] S3.1 Switching Sequence Design: Adopting a "desorption-adsorption-standby" cycle mode, the three generators switch sequentially in the order of A→B→C to ensure that at any given time, at least one generator is in the desorption state and one is in the adsorption state, thus achieving continuous cooling.

[0071] S3.2 Switching Execution Flow:

[0072] Desorption completes switching: The PLC controller sends a command to close the waste heat inlet valve of generator A and cut off the heating; at the same time, it opens the cooling water inlet valve to start the adsorption process; and simultaneously opens the waste heat inlet valve of generator B to start the desorption process.

[0073] Adsorption completes switching: The PLC controller issues a command to close the cooling water inlet valve of generator B, cutting off cooling; switches to standby mode; and simultaneously opens the cooling water inlet valve of generator C to start the adsorption process.

[0074] S3.3 Switching Sealing Guarantee: During the switching process, a water seal structure dynamically seals the seal, and the PLC controller monitors the sealing chamber pressure in real time to ensure that the sealing pressure is ≥0.1MPa, preventing ammonia leakage and cross-contamination.

[0075] Step 4: Dynamic and precise temperature control

[0076] S4.1 Temperature control during the desorption stage: The heating intensity is dynamically adjusted based on waste heat parameters and adsorbent state, and the heat exchange power is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the waste heat inlet valve (0-100%).

[0077] When T_heat≥150℃ and Q_heat≥0.5 tons / h, the valve opening is 50~70%, and Ti=T_des±2℃ is maintained;

[0078] When T_heat = 120~150℃ and Q_heat = 0.3~0.5 tons / h, the valve opening is 80~100%, and the heat storage device is started to assist heating, maintaining Ti = T_des±2℃;

[0079] S4.2 Adsorption Stage Temperature Control: The cooling intensity is dynamically adjusted based on the adsorbent temperature and cooling demand. The cooling power is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the cooling water inlet valve (0-100%).

[0080] When T_cool≤30℃ and Q_cool≥5m³ / h, the valve opening is 40~60%, and Ti=T_ads±1℃ is maintained.

[0081] When T_cool=30~40℃ and Q_cool=3~5m³ / h, the valve opening is 70~90%, and the cooling enhancement device is activated to maintain T_i=T_ads±1℃;

[0082] S4.3 Temperature Uniformity Control: Local temperature is monitored by distributed temperature sensors inside the generator. When the local temperature difference is ≥5℃, the internal airflow disturbance device is activated to ensure uniform adsorbent temperature.

[0083] Step 5: Fluctuation Compensation and Fault Response

[0084] S5.1 Waste heat fluctuation compensation: When T_heat is below 120℃ or Q_heat is below 0.3 tons / h, the heat storage device is activated to release heat, and the desorption time is extended by 10% to 20% to ensure sufficient desorption;

[0085] S5.2 Fault Monitoring and Response:

[0086] Temperature sensor malfunction: The system calculates the fault using interpolation of data from adjacent sensors and issues a fault warning to maintain system operation.

[0087] Seal failure (sealing chamber pressure <0.1MPa): Immediately switch to standby sealing mode, close the inlet and outlet valves of the generator, and activate maintenance prompt;

[0088] Pressure abnormality (P_i>1.0MPa or P_i<0.05MPa): Automatically adjust valve opening, relieve pressure or replenish pressure to ensure system safety.

[0089] Step 6: Optimize and Iterate Running Parameters

[0090] S6.1 Data Acquisition and Analysis: Real-time storage of data such as switching time sequence, temperature, pressure, and cooling capacity, and establishment of a "parameter-performance" correlation model;

[0091] S6.2 Parameter Iterative Optimization: Based on the model analysis results, every 100 switching cycles, the switching cycle (T_cycle) and desorption / adsorption temperature thresholds (T_des, T_ads) are automatically optimized to continuously improve cooling efficiency and stability.

[0092] In one embodiment, the sensor array in step S1.1 includes a distributed temperature sensor (accuracy ±0.5℃), a pressure sensor (accuracy ±0.01MPa), a flow sensor (accuracy ±1%), and a liquid level sensor (accuracy ±1%), with a data acquisition frequency of 10 times / min.

[0093] In one embodiment, the switching cycle T_cycle in step S3.1 can be adaptively adjusted according to the cooling demand, shortening to 10 minutes when the cooling demand increases and extending to 15 minutes when the demand decreases.

[0094] In one embodiment, the water seal structure in step S3.3 includes an elastic seal and an automatic pressure compensation valve, and the sealing pressure is dynamically adjusted by a PLC controller to maintain it at 0.1~0.2MPa.

[0095] In one embodiment, the heat storage device in step S4.1 is a phase change heat storage device, the heat storage medium is a paraffin-based composite phase change material, the phase change temperature is 120~130℃, and the heat storage density is ≥200kJ / kg.

[0096] In one embodiment, the cooling enhancement device in step S4.2 is a spray cooling module, which is activated when the cooling water cooling efficiency is insufficient, thereby increasing the cooling rate by 20% to 30%.

[0097] In one embodiment, the fault warning in step S5.2 is provided by a combination of audible and visual alarms and remote notifications, and the fault data is automatically stored in the cloud server for traceability and analysis.

[0098] In one embodiment, the "parameter-performance" correlation model in step S6.1 is constructed using a BP neural network algorithm. The input parameters are switching cycle, desorption / adsorption temperature, and waste heat / cooling water parameters. The output parameters are cooling capacity and COP value. The model prediction error is ≤5%.

[0099] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An automatic switching and temperature control method for the generator of an ammonia adsorption refrigeration system, characterized in that: The ammonia adsorption refrigeration system comprises three generators (A, B, C) connected in parallel, a sensor array, a PLC controller, a waste heat exchange system, a cooling water system, and a liquid ammonia storage tank. Its key feature is that it includes the following steps: Step 1: System Initialization and Parameter Calibration S1.1 Start-up system: The sensor array collects the initial temperature (T0) and pressure (P0) of the adsorbent in each generator, the liquid level (L0) of the liquid ammonia storage tank, the residual heat temperature (T_heat) and flow rate (Q_heat), and the cooling water temperature (T_cool) and flow rate (Q_cool). S1.2 Calibrate key parameter thresholds: desorption temperature threshold (T_des=80~120℃), adsorption temperature threshold (T_ads=30~50℃), switching trigger pressure (P_trig=0.6~0.8MPa), adsorption saturation pressure (P_sat=0.1~0.2MPa), and set the three-generator switching cycle (T_cycle=10~15min). Step 2: Monitoring and Judging the Operating Status of the Generator S2.1 Real-time monitoring of the operating status of each generator: desorption state (heating), adsorption state (cooling), standby state. The temperature of the adsorbent (T_i) is collected in real time by a temperature sensor, and the pressure inside the generator (P_i) is collected by a pressure sensor (i=A, B, C). S2.2 State Judgment Logic: When the pressure inside the generator P_i ≥ P_trig and the adsorbent temperature T_i ≥ T_des, desorption is determined to be complete, and a switching command is triggered. When the pressure inside the generator P_i ≤ P_sat and the adsorbent temperature T_i ≤ T_ads, adsorption is determined to be complete, and a switching command is triggered. Real-time monitoring of waste heat parameters (T_heat, Q_heat) and cooling water parameters (T_cool, Q_cool) is initiated. If the parameter fluctuations exceed the threshold (T_heat±20℃, Q_heat±15%), dynamic temperature control adjustment is activated. Step 3: Intelligent Cooperative Switching Between Multiple Generators S3.1 Switching Sequence Design: Adopting a "desorption-adsorption-standby" cycle mode, the three generators switch sequentially in the order of A→B→C to ensure that at any given time, at least one generator is in the desorption state and one is in the adsorption state, thus achieving continuous cooling. S3.2 Switching Execution Flow: Desorption completes switching: The PLC controller sends a command to close the waste heat inlet valve of generator A and cut off the heating; at the same time, it opens the cooling water inlet valve to start the adsorption process; and simultaneously opens the waste heat inlet valve of generator B to start the desorption process. Adsorption completes switching: The PLC controller issues a command to close the cooling water inlet valve of generator B, cutting off cooling; switches to standby mode; and simultaneously opens the cooling water inlet valve of generator C to start the adsorption process. S3.3 Switching Sealing Guarantee: During the switching process, a water seal structure dynamically seals the seal, and the PLC controller monitors the sealing chamber pressure in real time to ensure that the sealing pressure is ≥0.1MPa, preventing ammonia leakage and cross-contamination. Step 4: Dynamic and precise temperature control S4.1 Temperature control during the desorption stage: The heating intensity is dynamically adjusted based on waste heat parameters and adsorbent state, and the heat exchange power is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the waste heat inlet valve (0-100%). When T_heat≥150℃ and Q_heat≥0.5 tons / h, the valve opening is 50~70%, and Ti=T_des±2℃ is maintained; When T_heat = 120~150℃ and Q_heat = 0.3~0.5 tons / h, the valve opening is 80~100%, and the heat storage device is started to assist heating, maintaining Ti = T_des ± 2℃; S4.2 Adsorption Stage Temperature Control: The cooling intensity is dynamically adjusted based on the adsorbent temperature and cooling demand. The cooling power is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the cooling water inlet valve (0-100%). When T_cool≤30℃ and Q_cool≥5m³ / h, the valve opening is 40~60%, and Ti=T_ads±1℃ is maintained. When T_cool=30~40℃ and Q_cool=3~5m³ / h, the valve opening is 70~90%, and the cooling enhancement device is activated to maintain T_i=T_ads±1℃; S4.3 Temperature Uniformity Control: Local temperature is monitored by distributed temperature sensors inside the generator. When the local temperature difference is ≥5℃, the internal airflow disturbance device is activated to ensure uniform adsorbent temperature. Step 5: Fluctuation Compensation and Fault Response S5.1 Waste heat fluctuation compensation: When T_heat is below 120℃ or Q_heat is below 0.3 tons / h, the heat storage device is activated to release heat, and the desorption time is extended by 10% to 20% to ensure sufficient desorption; S5.2 Fault Monitoring and Response: Temperature sensor malfunction: The system calculates the fault using interpolation data from adjacent sensors and issues a fault warning to maintain system operation. Seal failure (sealing chamber pressure <0.1MPa): Immediately switch to standby sealing mode, close the inlet and outlet valves of the generator, and activate maintenance prompt; Abnormal pressure (P_i>1.0MPa or P_i<0.05MPa): Automatically adjust valve opening to relieve or replenish pressure, ensuring system safety. Step 6: Optimize and Iterate Running Parameters S6.1 Data Acquisition and Analysis: Real-time storage of data such as switching time sequence, temperature, pressure, and cooling capacity, and establishment of a "parameter-performance" correlation model; S6.2 Parameter Iterative Optimization: Based on the model analysis results, every 100 switching cycles, the switching cycle (T_cycle) and desorption / adsorption temperature thresholds (T_des, T_ads) are automatically optimized to continuously improve cooling efficiency and stability.

2. The method for automatic generator switching and temperature control in the ammonia adsorption refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor array described in step S1.1 includes a distributed temperature sensor (accuracy ±0.5℃), a pressure sensor (accuracy ±0.01MPa), a flow sensor (accuracy ±1%), and a liquid level sensor (accuracy ±1%), with a data acquisition frequency of 10 times / min.

3. The method for automatic generator switching and temperature control in the ammonia adsorption refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching cycle T_cycle mentioned in step S3.1 can be adaptively adjusted according to the cooling demand. When the cooling demand increases, it is shortened to 10 minutes, and when the demand decreases, it is extended to 15 minutes.

4. The method for automatic generator switching and temperature control in the ammonia adsorption refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water seal structure described in step S3.3 includes an elastic seal and an automatic pressure compensation valve. The sealing pressure is dynamically adjusted by a PLC controller and maintained at 0.1~0.2MPa.

5. The method for automatic generator switching and temperature control in an ammonia adsorption refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage device mentioned in step S4.1 is a phase change heat storage device, the heat storage medium is a paraffin-based composite phase change material, the phase change temperature is 120~130℃, and the heat storage density is ≥200kJ / kg.

6. The method for automatic generator switching and temperature control in an ammonia adsorption refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling enhancement device mentioned in step S4.2 is a spray cooling module, which is activated when the cooling water cooling efficiency is insufficient, thereby increasing the cooling rate by 20% to 30%.

7. The method for automatic switching and temperature control of the generator in the ammonia adsorption refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault warning described in step S5.2 is provided through a combination of audible and visual alarms and remote notifications. Fault data is automatically stored in the cloud server, supporting traceability and analysis.

8. The method for automatic switching and temperature control of the generator in the ammonia adsorption refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The "parameter-performance" correlation model described in step S6.1 is constructed using a BP neural network algorithm. The input parameters are switching cycle, desorption / adsorption temperature, and waste heat / cooling water parameters. The output parameters are cooling capacity and COP value. The model prediction error is ≤5%.

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