Railway wheel crack detection device and detection method

Abstract

This invention provides a railway wheel crack detection device and method, belonging to the field of railway wheel inspection technology. It includes a maintenance track, a top-rotating wheel mechanism, a robotic arm, a mounting frame, a connector, and an ultrasonic probe. Two symmetrical sliding grooves are formed at both ends of the inner side of the mounting frame. Two adjusting plates are symmetrically arranged between the two sliding grooves, one in front of the other. An adjusting component is installed between the sliding grooves and the adjusting plates, and a cleaning component is installed between the mounting frame and the adjusting plates. The movement of the adjusting plates adjusts the spacing and coverage of the ultrasonic probe, improving the device's versatility. Simultaneously, the movement of the adjusting plates adjusts the cleaning range of the elastic cleaning sleeve. Cleaning is achieved through the coordinated work of the cleaning component and the water spray head. The cleaning component uses the wheel's rotation to drive the elastic cleaning sleeve to rotate and wipe, and a contact plate pushes a sliding plate to ensure the elastic cleaning sleeve fits tightly against the wheel, increasing the cleaning resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway wheel inspection technology, and in particular to a railway wheel crack detection device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Railway wheels are the core running gear of railway trains, installed on the bogies to propel the train. Under conditions of high-speed operation and repeated starts and stops, railway wheels are subjected to alternating stress and rail impacts, making them prone to developing micro-cracks. If these cracks are not detected in time, they will continue to expand with operation. Therefore, regular crack inspections of railway wheels are necessary to promptly identify and address potential safety hazards.

[0003] Currently, ultrasonic testing is widely used for defect detection in railway wheels. It utilizes the propagation and reflection characteristics of ultrasonic waves within metal to identify and locate defects such as cracks, inclusions, and porosity. However, in actual testing, the probe arrangement, spacing, and coverage of existing ultrasonic testing devices are difficult to adjust. Furthermore, the dimensions of railway wheels used in different vehicle types and operating conditions vary, making it inconvenient for existing devices to adaptively and quickly adjust according to wheel specifications. On the other hand, the accuracy of ultrasonic testing depends on the coupling effect between the probe and the wheel surface, and the cleanliness of the wheel surface affects the reliability of the test. Existing testing devices typically lack wheel surface cleaning structures. If debris adhering to the wheel during use is not removed before testing, the impurities will obstruct effective contact between the ultrasonic probe and the wheel surface, thus affecting the test results.

[0004] Therefore, this application provides a railway wheel crack detection device and detection method to meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a railway wheel crack detection device and detection method, so as to solve the problems that the probe layout of the existing ultrasonic detection device is not easy to quickly and adaptively adjust according to the wheel of different sizes, and lacks a cleaning structure for wheel surface detection, which easily affects the ultrasonic detection results.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A railway wheel crack detection device includes: a maintenance track, a top-rotating wheel mechanism disposed on the inner side of the maintenance track, a robotic arm mounted on the left side of the top-rotating wheel mechanism via a fixed plate, a mounting frame mounted on the output end of the robotic arm, multiple slotted holes at the bottom of the mounting frame, multiple connectors sliding within each slotted hole, ultrasonic probes mounted on the top of each connector, two symmetrically spaced sliding grooves at the left and right ends of the inner side of the mounting frame, two symmetrically arranged adjusting plates between the two sliding grooves, an adjusting component between the sliding grooves and the adjusting plates for adjusting the relative position between the adjusting plates to adapt to railway wheels of different sizes, and a cleaning component between the mounting frame and the adjusting plates for cleaning the wheel inspection surface.

[0008] Optionally, the adjustment assembly includes two bidirectional screws, which are rotatably mounted in two slides. One end of the shaft of each of the two bidirectional screws is connected to a connecting belt via a pulley. One end of the shaft of the left bidirectional screw is connected to the outside of the mounting bracket via a motor. The adjustment plate is threadedly slidably connected to the two bidirectional screws via sliders symmetrically mounted at the bottom. Multiple protrusions are mounted at the bottom of the adjustment plate, and each of the protrusions is connected to a connector at a corresponding position via a connecting rod.

[0009] Optionally, multiple protrusions at the bottom of the front adjustment plate and multiple protrusions at the bottom of the rear adjustment plate are staggered, and the staggered distribution of multiple protrusions at the bottom of the two adjustment plates corresponds to the distribution of the strip holes at the bottom of the mounting bracket.

[0010] Optionally, both the mounting bracket and the adjustment plate are designed with an arc shape, and multiple ultrasonic probes are arranged in an array along the arc contour of the mounting bracket for fit detection in the wheel detection area.

[0011] Optionally, two mounting slots are symmetrically opened at the top of the regulating plate, and a cavity is opened inside the regulating plate. Multiple water spray heads are installed at equal intervals on the opposite side of the two regulating plates. The multiple water spray heads are all connected to the cavity, and the left port of the regulating plate is connected to the external water injection mechanism through a hose.

[0012] Optionally, the cleaning component includes two rollers, which are rotatably connected to two mounting slots via shafts. A gear is fixedly connected to the outer side of the roller shaft, and a gear is engaged with the bottom teeth of the gear. A connecting shaft is fixedly connected inside the gear, and the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to an adjusting plate. A mounting post is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft. Four sliding holes are evenly spaced on the outer side of the mounting post, and four sliding plates are limited and slidable inside the four sliding holes. An elastic cleaning sleeve is fitted on the outer side of the four sliding plates. An abutment plate is slidably installed in the central through hole of the connecting shaft and the mounting post. The outer peripheral surface of the abutment plate slidably abuts against the inner end surfaces of the four sliding plates, and one end of the abutment plate is installed inside the mounting frame.

[0013] Optionally, the rollers in the mounting groove at the top of the front adjustment plate and the rollers in the mounting groove at the top of the rear adjustment plate are staggered, and the two gears on the front and rear sides are fixedly connected to a connecting shaft at opposite ends.

[0014] Optionally, the contact plate is designed as a four-sided pyramid structure, with the inclined surface of the four-sided pyramid corresponding to the inclination of the inclined surface at one end of the four sliding plates.

[0015] Optionally, the method includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: The wheel to be inspected enters the preset work position on the maintenance track with the train and is locked. The top rotating wheel mechanism is raised and the wheel is supported by the support wheel to provide rotational power for wheel inspection. The controller controls the robotic arm to drive the mounting frame to move to the outer inspection area of ​​the wheel.

[0017] S2: Start the motor of the adjustment component, drive the adjustment plate to move through the bidirectional screw and connecting belt, drive the ultrasonic probe to adjust the spacing in an alternating manner, and at the same time adjust the coverage of the elastic cleaning sleeve to adapt to different wheel widths;

[0018] S3: When the adjustment plate moves, the sliding plate and the elastic cleaning sleeve adjust their position outward under the action of the contact plate, and adjust the contact force between the elastic cleaning sleeve and the wheel accordingly. The wheel rotates, which drives the elastic cleaning sleeve to rotate and wipe. The spray head sprays coupling fluid simultaneously to complete the wheel inspection and cleaning.

[0019] S4: The ultrasonic probe synchronously transmits and receives ultrasonic waves to scan the wheel in its entire circumference. The signal is transmitted to the background to complete defect identification. After the inspection is completed, the top wheel mechanism and the robotic arm are reset to complete the inspection.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] In the above solution, an adjustment component and a cleaning component are set up. The two bidirectional screws and connecting belt of the adjustment component drive the two adjustment plates to move. The adjustment plates drive the connector and ultrasonic probe to move synchronously along the strip hole of the mounting bracket through the protrusion and connecting rod. The spacing and coverage of the ultrasonic probe can be flexibly adjusted to achieve coverage and fit detection of wheels with a certain range of wheel widths, improving the versatility of the device. In addition, the two adjustment plates drive the roller and mounting column to move synchronously during the movement, which makes it easy to adjust the cleaning range of the elastic cleaning sleeve to achieve full coverage cleaning of the wheel detection area and adapt to various wheels with different wheel widths.

[0022] In the above solution, a cleaning component and a spray head are set up. The cleaning component and the spray head work together. The cavity inside the regulating plate stores coupling fluid, which is sprayed evenly onto the surface of the wheel through the spray head. On the one hand, it washes away surface debris, and on the other hand, it removes air to ensure stable propagation of ultrasonic waves. The cleaning component drives the roller to rotate through the wheel's rotation. Gear 1, Gear 2, and connecting shaft drive the mounting column and elastic cleaning sleeve to rotate and wipe. As the regulating plate moves, the mounting column moves synchronously with the regulating plate. With the action of the abutment plate, the four sliding plates slide outward synchronously along the four sliding holes of the mounting column, causing the elastic cleaning sleeve to extend outward. This makes the elastic cleaning sleeve fit more tightly against the wheel surface. The larger the wheel size, the stronger the adhesion, which increases the wiping resistance and ensures the cleaning effect for wheels of different sizes. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the robotic arm and mounting frame structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the maintenance track structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting bracket of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the mounting bracket of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting bracket of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment component structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adjusting plate of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting plate and spray head structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment plate and cleaning component of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning component structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting column, sliding plate, and elastic cleaning sleeve structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of the mounting column, sliding plate, and elastic cleaning sleeve of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the skateboard, elastic cleaning sleeve and contact plate of the present invention.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Inspection track; 2. Top roller mechanism; 3. Robotic arm; 4. Mounting bracket; 41. Slide; 5. Connector; 6. Ultrasonic probe; 7. Adjustment assembly; 71. Bidirectional screw; 72. Connecting belt; 73. Protrusion; 8. Adjustment plate; 81. Mounting slot; 9. Cleaning assembly; 91. Roller; 92. Gear 1; 93. Gear 2; 94. Connecting shaft; 95. Mounting column; 96. Slide plate; 97. Elastic cleaning sleeve; 98. Contact plate; 10. Spray head. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 15 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a railway wheel crack detection device, comprising: a maintenance track 1, a top-rotating wheel mechanism 2 disposed on the inner side of the maintenance track 1, a robotic arm 3 mounted on the left side of the top-rotating wheel mechanism 2 via a fixed plate, a mounting frame 4 mounted on the output end of the robotic arm 3, multiple slotted holes being provided at the bottom of the mounting frame 4, multiple connectors 5 being slidably positioned within each slotted hole, and ultrasonic probes 6 being mounted on the top of each connector 5, two symmetrically arranged sliding grooves 41 on the left and right sides of the inner side of the mounting frame 4, two symmetrically arranged adjusting plates 8 between the two sliding grooves 41, and an adjusting assembly 7 disposed between the sliding grooves 41 and the adjusting plates 8, the adjusting assembly 7 being used to adjust the relative position between the adjusting plates 8, thereby adapting to railway wheels of different sizes, and the mounting frame 4... A cleaning component 9 is installed between the adjustment plate 8 and the wheel inspection surface. The cleaning component 9 is used to clean the wheel inspection surface. The train to be inspected is moved to the designated work position on the inspection track 1 to complete positioning and locking. The top wheel mechanism 2 is raised upward, and its support wheel contacts the wheel to provide stable support for subsequent inspection. The robotic arm 3 moves the mounting frame 4 and ultrasonic probe 6 to the inspection position on the outside of the wheel according to the preset program, so that the probe and the wheel surface maintain a preset distance and angle. The top wheel mechanism 2 is started to drive the wheel to rotate at a uniform speed. During the wheel rotation, multiple ultrasonic probes 6 simultaneously emit and receive ultrasonic signals to continuously scan the wheel in the entire circumference. The detection signal is transmitted to the background system for image reconstruction and defect identification to complete automated crack assessment.

[0041] Adjustment assembly 7 includes two bidirectional screws 71, which are rotatably mounted in two slide grooves 41. A connecting belt 72 is connected to the outer side of one end of the shaft of each of the two bidirectional screws 71 via a pulley drive. One end of the shaft of the left bidirectional screw 71 is connected to the outer side of the mounting bracket 4 via a motor. Adjustment plate 8 is threadedly slidably connected to the two bidirectional screws 71 via symmetrically mounted sliders at its bottom. Multiple protrusions 73 are mounted on the bottom of adjustment plate 8, and each protrusion 73 is connected to a connector 5 at a corresponding position via a connecting rod. Based on the contour dimensions of the wheel to be tested, the motor on the outer side of the mounting bracket 4 is activated, and the motor output drives the connected... One of the bidirectional screws 71 rotates at a constant speed. Since the outer ends of the two bidirectional screws 71 are connected by a connecting belt 72, the other bidirectional screw 71 rotates synchronously and at the same speed under the linkage of the connecting belt 72. When the two bidirectional screws 71 rotate, they drive the slider at the bottom of the adjusting plate 8 to slide along the slide groove 41, thereby driving the adjusting plate 8 to move. During the movement of the adjusting plate 8, multiple protrusions 73 at its bottom end drive the corresponding connectors 5 to slide within the slot of the mounting bracket 4 through the connecting rod, thereby driving the ultrasonic probes 6 at the top of the connectors 5 to move synchronously, changing the distance between the ultrasonic probes 6 to adapt to wheels of different sizes.

[0042] Multiple protrusions 73 at the bottom of the front adjustment plate 8 and multiple protrusions 73 at the bottom of the rear adjustment plate 8 are staggered. The staggered distribution of the multiple protrusions 73 at the bottom of the two adjustment plates 8 corresponds to the distribution of the strip holes at the bottom of the mounting bracket 4. When the two adjustment plates 8 move, they drive the protrusions 73 to move synchronously. The staggered protrusions 73 drive the connector 5 and the ultrasonic probe 6 to form a staggered layout, which facilitates flexible adjustment of the spacing and coverage of the ultrasonic probe 6, so as to achieve full coverage detection of the wheel detection area and adapt to various wheels with different wheel widths.

[0043] Both the mounting bracket 4 and the adjusting plate 8 are designed with an arc shape. Multiple ultrasonic probes 6 are arranged in an array along the arc contour of the mounting bracket 4 for fit detection in the wheel detection area. The design of the arc mounting bracket 4 matches the outer circle contour of the railway wheel to improve the detection fit of the ultrasonic probes 6.

[0044] Two mounting slots 81 are symmetrically opened at the top of the adjusting plate 8. A cavity is opened inside the adjusting plate 8. Multiple water spray heads 10 are installed at equal intervals on opposite sides of the two adjusting plates 8. The multiple water spray heads 10 are all connected to the cavity. The left port of the adjusting plate 8 is connected to an external water injection mechanism through a hose. The coupling fluid is stored in the cavity inside the adjusting plate 8. The coupling fluid is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the wheel to be tested through the multiple water spray heads 10 installed at equal intervals on the inner side of the adjusting plate 8. The liquid sprayed by the water spray heads 10 cleans the outer surface of the wheel, removes the surface debris, and reduces the impact of impurities on the ultrasonic detection effect. On the other hand, the liquid fills the space between the ultrasonic probe 6 and the wheel surface, which facilitates the removal of air between the two, provides a guarantee for the smooth propagation of ultrasonic waves, and improves the detection accuracy.

[0045] Cleaning component 9 includes two rollers 91, which are rotatably connected to two mounting slots 81 via shafts. A gear 92 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the roller 91 shaft. A gear 93 is meshed at the bottom of gear 92. A connecting shaft 94 is fixedly connected inside gear 93, and is rotatably connected to an adjusting plate 8. A mounting post 95 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft 94. Four sliding holes are evenly spaced on the outer side of the mounting post 95. Four sliding plates 96 are slidably positioned inside the four sliding holes. Elastic cleaning sleeves 97 are fitted around the four sliding plates 96. An abutment plate 98 is slidably installed in the central through hole of the connecting shaft 94 and the mounting post 95. The outer circumferential surface of the abutment plate 98 slidably abuts against the inner end faces of the four sliding plates 96. One end of the abutment plate 98 is mounted inside the mounting bracket 4. When the top rotating wheel mechanism 2 is activated, causing the wheel to rotate slowly, the wheel drives the rollers 91 to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the rollers 91 drives gear 92 to rotate, which in turn meshes with and drives gear 93 to rotate. The rotation of gear 93 drives... The moving connecting shaft 94 and the mounting column 95 rotate. When the mounting column 95 rotates, it drives the sliding plate 96 in the outer sliding hole and the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 at the top of the sliding plate 96 to rotate along the center of the mounting column 95. During the rotation of the elastic cleaning sleeve 97, the wheel surface is wiped and cleaned to remove residual adhering substances. With the spraying action of the water spray head 10, the surface of the wheel to be inspected is cleaned in all directions. At the same time, if the size of the wheel to be inspected changes, when the adjusting plate 8 moves under the drive of the bidirectional screw 71, it will drive the mounting column 95 to move synchronously. Since one end of the contact plate 98 is fixed inside the mounting bracket 4 and its position is fixed, when the adjusting plate 8 moves, the contact position between the contact plate 98 and the sliding plate 96 changes. Under the contact action of the contact plate 98, the four sliding plates 96 will slide outward synchronously along the sliding hole of the mounting column 95, thereby driving the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 to move outward, so that the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 fits more tightly against the wheel surface, improves the wiping contact force, and ensures the cleaning effect of wheels of different sizes.

[0046] The rollers 91 in the mounting groove 81 at the top of the front adjustment plate 8 and the rollers 91 in the mounting groove 81 at the top of the rear adjustment plate 8 are staggered. The gear 93 on the front side and the gear 93 on the rear side are fixedly connected to a connecting shaft 94 at opposite ends. When the two adjustment plates 8 move, they drive the rollers 91 and the mounting column 95 to move synchronously, which facilitates the adjustment of the cleaning range of the elastic cleaning sleeve 97, so as to achieve full coverage cleaning of the wheel detection area and adapt to various wheels with different wheel widths.

[0047] The contact plate 98 is designed as a four-sided pyramid structure. The inclined surface of the four-sided pyramid of the contact plate 98 corresponds to the inclination of one end of the inclined surface of the four sliding plates 96. When the adjusting plate 8 moves due to the change in wheel size, the four-sided pyramid conical surface facilitates the four sliding plates 96 to slide synchronously radially outward or inward along their respective sliding holes, thereby causing the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 to adaptively adjust the cleaning contact force.

[0048] As one embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the following steps:

[0049] S1: The wheel to be inspected enters the preset position of the maintenance track 1 and is locked as the train drives in. The top rotating wheel mechanism 2 is raised and the wheel is supported by the support wheel to provide rotational power for wheel inspection. The controller controls the robotic arm 3 to drive the mounting frame 4 to move to the outer inspection area of ​​the wheel.

[0050] S2: Start the motor of the adjustment component 7, drive the adjustment plate 8 to move through the bidirectional screw 71 and the connecting belt 72, drive the ultrasonic probe 6 to adjust the spacing in an alternating manner, and at the same time adjust the coverage of the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 to adapt to different wheel widths.

[0051] S3: When the adjusting plate 8 moves, the sliding plate 96 and the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 are adjusted outward under the action of the contact plate 98, and the contact force between the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 and the wheel is adjusted accordingly. The wheel rotates and drives the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 to rotate and wipe. The water spray head 10 sprays coupling fluid at the same time to complete the wheel detection and cleaning.

[0052] S4: The ultrasonic probe 6 synchronously transmits and receives ultrasonic waves to scan the wheel in its entire circumference. The signal is transmitted to the background to complete defect identification. After the inspection is completed, the top wheel mechanism 2 and the robotic arm 3 are reset to complete the inspection. This invention provides a technical solution.

[0053] The working principle is as follows:

[0054] During the use of this device, the railway wheel to be inspected is moved to the preset inspection station on the maintenance track 1 along with the train. After the station is positioned and mechanically locked, the top wheel mechanism 2 is started and lifted upwards. Its support wheel contacts the wheel to provide stable support for subsequent inspection. The robotic arm 3 moves according to the preset program to move the mounting frame 4 and the ultrasonic probe 6, adjustment component 7 and cleaning component 9 installed on the mounting frame 4 to the inspection area outside the wheel.

[0055] The motor of the adjustment assembly 7 is activated according to the wheel width of the wheel to be tested. The motor drives one of the bidirectional screws 71 to rotate. Under the transmission action of the connecting belt 72, the two bidirectional screws 71 rotate synchronously at the same speed. Then, through the slider, the two adjustment plates 8 move towards or away from each other along the slide groove 41. The adjustment plates 8 drive the connector 5 and the ultrasonic probe 6 to move synchronously along the strip hole at the bottom of the mounting bracket 4 through the protrusion 73 at the bottom and the connecting rod. This changes the spacing and distribution of the ultrasonic probes 6 to achieve adaptive fitting and coverage testing of wheels of different sizes. During the movement, the two adjustment plates 8 drive the roller 91 and the mounting column 95 to move synchronously, which facilitates the adjustment of the cleaning range of the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 to achieve full coverage cleaning of the wheel testing area and adapt to various wheels of different widths.

[0056] As the adjusting plate 8 moves, the mounting post 95 moves synchronously with it. The contact plate 98, with its four-sided pyramidal structure, is installed inside the mounting bracket 4. Its conical inclined surface matches and abuts against the inclined surface of the sliding plate 96. As the adjusting plate 8 moves, the contact plate 98 generates a radial thrust on the sliding plate 96, causing the four sliding plates 96 to slide outward synchronously along the four sliding holes of the mounting post 95. This drives the elastic cleaning sleeve 97 to adjust outward, making it fit more tightly against the wheel surface. The larger the wheel size, the stronger the adhesion, improving the wiping resistance and ensuring the cleaning effect for wheels of different sizes. The top rotating wheel mechanism 2 drives the wheel to rotate at a constant speed. When the wheel rotates, it drives the roller 91 of the cleaning component 9 to rotate. The rotation of the roller 91 drives the gear 92 to rotate. Wheel 1 92 meshes with drive gear 2 93, connecting shaft 94 and mounting column 95 to rotate, thereby driving slide plate 96 and cylindrical elastic cleaning sleeve 97 to rotate. At the same time, coupling fluid in the cavity inside adjustment plate 8 is evenly sprayed onto the wheel surface through multiple water spray heads 10. On the one hand, the wheel surface is washed and cleaned to remove oil, dust and rust impurities. On the other hand, a liquid coupling layer is formed between ultrasonic probe 6 and wheel surface to eliminate air and ensure stable propagation of ultrasonic waves. Multiple ultrasonic probes 6 simultaneously emit and receive ultrasonic signals during detection, and perform full-circumferential continuous scanning of the wheel detection area. The detection signal is transmitted to the background system for image reconstruction, signal analysis and defect identification, and finally completes the automated detection, location and evaluation of wheel cracks.

[0057] After the test is completed, the ultrasonic probe 6 stops working, the robotic arm 3 drives the mounting bracket 4 back to the initial position, and the top rotating wheel mechanism 2 descends and resets, completing the entire automated testing process.

[0058] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A railway wheel crack detection device, characterized in that, include: The inspection track (1) is provided with a top rotating wheel mechanism (2) on the inner side of the inspection track (1). A mechanical arm (3) is installed on the left side of the top rotating wheel mechanism (2) via a fixed plate. The mechanical arm (3) is characterized by having a mounting frame (4) installed at the output end of the mechanical arm (3). The mounting frame (4) has multiple strip holes at the bottom end. Multiple connectors (5) are limited and slidable inside the multiple strip holes. An ultrasonic probe (6) is installed at the top of each of the multiple connectors (5). Two sliding grooves (41) are symmetrically opened at the left and right ends of the inner side of the mounting frame (4). Two adjusting plates (8) are symmetrically arranged between the two sliding grooves (41) and the front and back. An adjusting component (7) is arranged between the sliding grooves (41) and the adjusting plates (8). The adjusting component (7) is used to adjust the relative position between the adjusting plates (8) to adapt to railway wheels of different sizes. A cleaning component (9) is arranged between the mounting frame (4) and the adjusting plates (8). The cleaning component (9) is used to clean the wheel inspection surface.

2. The railway wheel crack detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment assembly (7) includes two bidirectional screws (71), which are rotatably installed in two slides (41). The outer side of the shaft of one end of the two bidirectional screws (71) is connected to a connecting belt (72) via a pulley drive. The shaft of the left bidirectional screw (71) is connected to the outer side of the mounting bracket (4) via a motor. The adjustment plate (8) is threadedly slidably connected to the two bidirectional screws (71) via a slider symmetrically installed at the bottom. Multiple protrusions (73) are installed at the bottom of the adjustment plate (8). All the protrusions (73) are connected to the connectors (5) at the corresponding positions via connecting rods.

3. The railway wheel crack detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple protrusions (73) at the bottom of the front adjustment plate (8) and the multiple protrusions (73) at the bottom of the rear adjustment plate (8) are staggered. The staggered distribution of the multiple protrusions (73) at the bottom of the two adjustment plates (8) corresponds to the distribution of the strip holes at the bottom of the mounting bracket (4).

4. The railway wheel crack detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket (4) and the adjustment plate (8) are both designed with an arc shape. Multiple ultrasonic probes (6) are arranged in an array along the arc contour of the mounting bracket (4) for bonding detection in the wheel detection area.

5. The railway wheel crack detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two mounting slots (81) are symmetrically opened at the top of the regulating plate (8). A cavity is opened inside the regulating plate (8). Multiple water nozzles (10) are installed at equal intervals on the opposite side of the two regulating plates (8). The multiple water nozzles (10) are all connected to the cavity. The left port of the regulating plate (8) is connected to the external water injection mechanism through a hose.

6. The railway wheel crack detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cleaning component (9) includes two rollers (91), which are rotatably connected to two mounting slots (81) via shafts. Gear 1 (92) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the shaft of roller (91). Gear 2 (93) is meshed with the bottom teeth of gear 1 (92). A connecting shaft (94) is fixedly connected inside gear 2 (93). The connecting shaft (94) is rotatably connected to the adjusting plate (8). A mounting post (95) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft (94). Four sliding holes are evenly spaced on the outer side of the mounting post (95). Four sliding plates (96) are limited and slid inside the four sliding holes. An elastic cleaning sleeve (97) is fitted on the outer side of the four sliding plates (96). A contact plate (98) is slidably installed in the central through hole of the connecting shaft (94) and the mounting post (95). The outer peripheral surface of the contact plate (98) slides against the inner end surface of the four sliding plates (96). One end of the contact plate (98) is installed inside the mounting bracket (4).

7. A railway wheel crack detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rollers (91) in the mounting groove (81) at the top of the front adjustment plate (8) and the rollers (91) in the mounting groove (81) at the top of the rear adjustment plate (8) are staggered. The gear 2 (93) on the front side and the gear 2 (93) on the rear side are fixedly connected to a connecting shaft (94) at opposite ends.

8. A railway wheel crack detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The contact plate (98) is designed as a four-sided pyramid structure, and the inclined surface of the four-sided pyramid of the contact plate (98) corresponds to the inclination of one end of the inclined surface of the four sliding plates (96).

9. A method for detecting cracks in railway wheels, applicable to the railway wheel crack detection device described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1: The wheel to be inspected enters the maintenance track (1) along with the train, is preset and locked, the top wheel mechanism (2) is raised, the wheel is supported by the support wheel, and rotational power is provided for wheel inspection. The controller controls the robotic arm (3) to drive the mounting frame (4) to move to the outer inspection area of ​​the wheel. S2: Start the motor of the adjustment component (7), drive the adjustment plate (8) to move through the bidirectional screw (71) and connecting belt (72), drive the ultrasonic probe (6) to adjust the spacing in an alternating manner, and at the same time adjust the coverage of the elastic cleaning sleeve (97) to adapt to different wheel widths; S3: When the adjusting plate (8) moves, the sliding plate (96) and the elastic cleaning sleeve (97) are adjusted outward under the action of the contact plate (98), and the contact force between the elastic cleaning sleeve (97) and the wheel is adjusted accordingly. The wheel rotates and drives the elastic cleaning sleeve (97) to rotate and wipe. The water spray head (10) sprays coupling liquid simultaneously to complete the wheel inspection and cleaning. S4: The ultrasonic probe (6) synchronously transmits and receives ultrasonic waves to scan the wheel in the full circumference. The signal is transmitted to the background to complete the defect identification. After the test is completed, the top wheel mechanism (2) and the robotic arm (3) are reset to complete the test.

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