An automatic seeding machine

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of seeding agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to an automatic seeding agricultural machine which comprises a machine cover, a connecting frame and a traction wheel. In the application, the traction equipment is connected with the connecting shaft, the traction force is transmitted through the traction arm and the shaft rod, and the machine cover drives the whole device to move. In the moving process, the furrow opener on the outer side of the supporting rod opens a planting ditch in the soil. At the same time, the seeds in the storage bin are quantitatively taken out through the connected automatic seeding mechanism and accurately put into the planting ditch through the seed guide pipe. The compacting wheel on the inner side of the connecting frame compacts the soil covering the seeds. Before or during the seeding operation, if it is necessary to adjust the seeding distance, the controller starts the motor to drive the screw rod to rotate, the screw thread transmission makes the linkage frame move along the guide rail in the radial direction. The linkage frame drives the scissor arm to perform a scissor-type movement around shaft one and shaft two, so that the scissor arm is expanded or contracted. In this process, the sliding block slides in the sliding groove, and the embedded block is further embedded in the side wall of the sliding groove, so that the stability and anti-rollover of the scissor arm movement are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural seeding machinery technology, specifically to an automatic seeding machine. Background Technology

[0002] Automated seeding machinery is primarily used in modern large-scale agricultural production. Its core purpose is to precisely, continuously, and efficiently sow seeds or seedlings into the field at preset plant spacing, row spacing, and depth. This technology integrates satellite positioning, sensor navigation, and intelligent control systems, enabling not only straight and curved seeding but also variable seeding based on prescription maps. It is applicable to the planting of various staple and cash crops such as wheat, corn, rice, and soybeans, transforming traditional manual seeding operations into a standardized and replicable automated process.

[0003] Existing technologies have the following shortcomings: In the current process of agricultural machinery automation, the spacing adjustment mechanism of automatic seeders is one of the core components to ensure seeding accuracy. However, mainstream spacing adjustment technologies, especially chain drive and hydraulic push rod structures, still reveal a series of inherent problems affecting seeding quality in practical applications.

[0004] While chain-driven row spacing adjustment mechanisms are relatively simple in structure and low in cost, their physical characteristics limit their accuracy. The chain, composed of multiple hinged links, inevitably undergoes elastic deformation and even slight wear when subjected to the continuous tension and vibration of the seeder. This deformation is not entirely reversible; as operating time increases, it can lead to slight "idle travel" or elongation in the transmission, causing the row spacing setting to drift during actual operation. Ultimately, this error accumulates over long-distance sowing; statistics show that the cumulative row spacing error can reach a significant level of ±5 cm. This means that theoretically uniform crop rows may become uneven in width in the actual field, directly disrupting the regularity of planting.

[0005] On the other hand, whether using chain drive or hydraulic push rod structures, multi-row seeders often employ a single-row independent adjustment design when adjusting row spacing. While this design aims to accommodate different agronomic requirements, it presents challenges in achieving synchronous control. Due to subtle differences in the response characteristics, manufacturing tolerances, and loads of each actuator (hydraulic cylinder or motor), it's difficult to ensure that all seeding rows move instantaneously and precisely to the same target position during simultaneous adjustment. This asynchrony in multi-row adjustment results in seeding rows that are not perfectly parallel straight lines in the field, but may exhibit slight bends or twists, i.e., "irregular seeding." This irregularity has profound implications for crop growth: uneven row spacing leads to an imbalance in spatial competition among crop plants; some areas are too dense, resulting in poor ventilation and light penetration, making them susceptible to pests and diseases; others are too sparse, wasting valuable land resources and water and fertilizer. Ultimately, the uniformity of crop growth decreases, localized growth weakens, directly affecting the efficiency of field management and the uniformity of yield and quality per unit area. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automatic seeding machine that solves the problem of limited accuracy in current spacing adjustment methods.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic seeding machine, comprising a machine cover, a connecting frame, and traction wheels for supporting movement, and further comprising: a scissor arm, disposed on the side wall of the connecting frame, and interconnected by a shaft one and a shaft two to form a scissor-type telescopic structure; a variable pitch drive mechanism, connected to the scissor arm, for driving the radial extension and retraction of the scissor arm; a seeding unit, connected to the end of the shaft one, moving synchronously with the scissor arm to achieve seeding spacing adjustment; a furrowing and compaction unit, respectively disposed on the machine cover and the connecting frame, for performing auxiliary operations of furrowing and post-sowing compaction; and a traction connection unit, disposed on the machine cover, for connecting to external traction equipment and transmitting traction force.

[0008] In some embodiments, the variable pitch drive mechanism includes: a linkage frame connected to the first shaft or the second shaft for driving the scissor arm to extend and retract; a screw connected to the linkage frame via a threaded connection; and a motor connected to the screw for driving the screw to rotate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the variable pitch drive mechanism further includes a guide rail embedded inside the linkage frame to provide guidance and stable support for the movement of the linkage frame.

[0010] In some embodiments, the scissor arm further includes a stabilizing structure comprising a slider disposed at one end of the shaft and a groove formed in the side wall of the connecting frame, the slider being embedded in the groove to limit the radial movement range of the scissor arm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the stabilizing structure further includes an insert disposed on the side end of the slider, the insert being further embedded in the sidewall of the slide groove to increase the contact surface and prevent the scissor arm from tipping over and disengaging.

[0012] In some embodiments, the seeding unit includes a storage bin and a seed guide tube disposed at one end of a shaft; the seed guide tube is connected to the seed outlet of an external automatic seeding mechanism.

[0013] In some embodiments, the external automatic seeding mechanism is a seed metering device for quantitative seed taking and metering, and the seed metering device is selected from a spoon wheel type, finger clamp type or air suction type seed metering device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the trenching and compaction unit includes: a support rod disposed on the inner wall of the cover; multiple trenchers sleeved on the outer side of the support rod for trenching planting trenches; and a compaction wheel rotatably disposed on the inner side of the connecting frame for compacting the soil covered with seeds.

[0015] In some embodiments, the traction connection unit includes: a traction arm with a connecting shaft at its end for connection to an external traction device; and a shaft disposed in the middle of the inner side of the cover, with the traction arm rotatably connected to the end of the shaft.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic seeding machine with the following beneficial effects: An automatic seeding machine connects to a connecting shaft via a traction device. Traction is transmitted through the traction arm and shaft, causing the machine cover to move the entire device. During movement, the furrow opener on the outside of the support rod creates planting furrows in the soil. Simultaneously, seeds from the storage bin are quantitatively extracted by the connected automatic seeding mechanism and precisely placed into the planting furrows via a seed guide tube. Subsequently, the compaction wheel on the inside of the connecting frame compacts the soil covering the seeds, completing the seeding operation. Before or during seeding, if the seeding spacing needs adjustment: the controller starts the motor, driving the screw to rotate, which in turn moves the linkage frame radially along the guide rail via threaded transmission. The linkage frame drives the scissor arms to perform a scissor-like motion around shaft one and shaft two, enabling the scissor arms to extend or retract. During this process, the slider slides within the groove, and the insert further embeds into the side wall of the groove, ensuring the stability of the scissor arm movement and preventing tipping. Since the storage bin and seed guide tube are connected to the end of shaft one, the variable-pitch movement of the scissor arms synchronously adjusts the spacing of the seeding structure to adapt to the planting needs of different crops. The entire device achieves integrated operation of ditching, adjustable spacing sowing, and compaction through mechanical linkage; Through the above settings and processes, this structure, compared to existing automatic seeding machines, replaces the traditional cylinder or chain-driven spacing adjustment structure with a scissor-type spacing adjustment structure. The scissor arm itself acts as a rigid truss, ensuring the bending strength of the multi-row seeding units during spacing changes and eliminating uneven seeding caused by elastic deformation. Through the forced synchronous transmission composed of shaft one and linkage frame, all seeding points achieve coordinated displacement, eliminating row spacing deviations caused by independent adjustments. At the same time, the single motor drives multiple sets of axial linkage frames, significantly reducing the marginal cost of expanding the number of seeding rows, thus exhibiting significant efficiency and economic advantages in large-scale, multi-variety planting scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the rear-end pressure wheel in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the inner support rods and trenchers on the machine cover of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the motor and linkage frame on the side of the connecting frame of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the radial distribution of the scissor arms in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall shape of the slider and the side-end insert structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the seed guide tube and storage bin of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Machine cover; 2. Connecting frame; 3. Traction wheel; 4. Traction arm; 5. Shaft; 6. Connecting shaft; 7. Support rod; 8. Furrow opener; 9. Pressing wheel; 10. Scissor arm; 11. Shaft 1; 12. Shaft 2; 13. Slider; 14. Insert; 15. Slide groove; 16. Storage bin; 17. Seed guide tube; 18. Linkage frame; 19. Guide rail; 20. Screw; 21. Motor. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] Please see Figure 1-7 In this embodiment: an automatic seeding machine includes a cover 1, a connecting frame 2, and traction wheels 3 for supporting movement. Scissor arms 10 are provided on the side wall of the connecting frame 2. A shaft 11 for rotatable connection is provided at the midpoint of the overlap between adjacent scissor arms 10, and a shaft 2 12 for mutual connection is provided at the overlapping ends of adjacent scissor arms 10. The scissor arms 10 are connected via shaft 11 and shaft 2 12, enabling the scissor arms 10 to have a shearing stacking or stretching effect. A storage bin 16 and a seed guide tube 17 (e.g., ...) are connected to the end of shaft 11. Figure 7 As shown, the seeding structure in the device can be adjusted to vary the pitch as the scissor arms 10 are stacked or stretched, thereby adapting to the actual planting spacing.

[0023] Before use, the seed guide tube 17 and the storage bin 16 need to be connected to an external automatic seeding mechanism. This mechanism includes a seed metering device (such as a common spoon wheel type, finger clamp type or air suction type seed metering device) that quantitatively extracts seeds from the discharge bin 16 according to a set quantity or interval. Since this structure is a common existing technical solution, it will not be described in detail below.

[0024] Since the scissor arms 10 are adjusted by radial stacking or extension, radial pushing and pulling force is required to achieve the adjustment. Therefore, a linkage frame 18 for controlling the movement of the scissor arms 10 is provided on the side end of part of the shaft 1. Figure 5 As shown, the scissor arm 10 is adjusted by the linkage frame 8. A screw 20 for transmission is provided on the side end of the linkage frame 18. When the screw 20 rotates, it can drive the linkage frame 18 to move radially. To enable the screw 20 to rotate, a motor 21 is provided at its end to provide driving force.

[0025] A guide rail 19 is provided on the side of the motor 21. The guide rail 19 is embedded inside the linkage frame 18 and is used to provide stable support for the movement of the linkage frame 18. In this way, the linkage frame 18 will not derail when moving.

[0026] To ensure the stability of the scissor arm 10 during radial extension or stacking, a slider 13 is provided on the side end of shaft 11, and a groove 15 is opened on the side wall of the connecting frame 2. When the slider 13 is embedded in the groove 15, the radial movement of the scissor arm 10 can be limited. An insert 14 is provided on the side of the slider 13. The insert 14 is used to embed into the side wall of the slide groove 15, thereby increasing the contact surface. This not only further improves the stroke stability of the scissor arm 10, but also prevents it from tipping over and detaching.

[0027] A shaft 5 is rotatably installed in the middle of the inner side of the cover 1, and a traction arm 4 is rotatably installed at the end of the shaft 5. Through the cooperation of the traction arm 4 and the shaft 5, the cover 1 can have a more flexible rotation space when it is pulled and moved, thus preventing metal fatigue caused by hard contact at the connection.

[0028] A connecting shaft 6 is provided at the end of the traction arm 4 to facilitate installation and fixation on the traction equipment.

[0029] A support rod 7 is installed on the inner wall of the cover 1. Several sets of furrow openers 8 for digging planting trenches are fitted on the outside of the support rod 7. A compaction wheel 9 for compacting the soil is rotatably installed on the inner side of the connecting frame 2. In this way, the device can have a complete planting mechanism. The specific assembly steps are as follows: The traction device is connected to the connecting shaft 6 at its rear end, and then the traction arm 4 and shaft 5 are used to adjust the rotation angle at different angles. Sufficient seeds are pre-stored inside the storage bin 16, and then automatic sowing is achieved through the seed guide tube 17 and the sowing mechanism. When the traction wheel 3 moves, it first opens a planting furrow by directly contacting the soil through the furrow opener 8, then sowing is completed by scattering the seeds into the planting furrow, and finally, the soil is compacted when the compaction wheel 9 passes through the planting furrow.

[0030] In this embodiment, the traction device is connected to the connecting shaft 6, and the traction force is transmitted through the traction arm 4 and the shaft 5, causing the cover 1 to move the entire device. During the movement, the furrow opener 8 on the outside of the support rod 7 opens planting furrows in the soil. At the same time, the seeds in the storage bin 16 are quantitatively taken out by the connected automatic sowing mechanism (existing technology) and accurately placed into the planting furrows through the seed guide tube 17. Subsequently, the pressing wheel 9 on the inside of the connecting frame 2 compacts the soil covering the seeds, completing the sowing operation.

[0031] Before or during sowing, if the sowing spacing needs to be adjusted: the controller starts the motor 21, driving the screw 20 to rotate, which in turn causes the linkage frame 18 to move radially along the guide rail 19 via threaded transmission. The linkage frame 18 drives the scissor arm 10 to perform a scissor-like movement around shaft 11 and shaft 2 12, thus expanding or contracting the scissor arm 10. During this process, the slider 13 slides within the groove 15, and the insert 14 further embeds into the side wall of the groove 15, ensuring the stability of the scissor arm 10's movement and preventing tipping. Since the storage bin 16 and the seed guide tube 17 are connected to the end of shaft 11, the variable-pitch movement of the scissor arm 10 synchronously drives the sowing structure to adjust the spacing to adapt to the planting needs of different crops. The entire device achieves integrated operation of furrowing, adjustable-pitch sowing, and compaction through mechanical linkage.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic seeding machine, comprising a cover (1), a connecting frame (2), and traction wheels (3) for supporting movement, characterized in that, Also includes: A scissor arm (10) is located on the side wall of the connecting frame (2) and is connected to each other via shaft one (11) and shaft two (12) to form a scissor telescopic structure; a variable pitch drive mechanism is connected to the scissor arm (10) and is used to drive the radial extension and retraction of the scissor arm (10); a sowing unit is connected to the end of shaft one (11) and moves synchronously with the scissor arm (10) to achieve sowing spacing adjustment; a furrowing and pressing unit is respectively located on the machine cover (1) and the connecting frame (2) and is used to perform auxiliary operations of furrowing and post-sowing pressing; a traction connection unit is located on the machine cover (1) and is used to connect with external traction equipment and transmit traction force.

2. The automatic seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable pitch drive mechanism includes: a linkage frame (18), connected to the first shaft (11) or the second shaft (12), for driving the scissor arm (10) to extend and retract; a screw (20), connected to the linkage frame (18) by a threaded connection; and a motor (21), connected to the screw (20), for driving the screw (20) to rotate.

3. An automatic seeding machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The variable pitch drive mechanism also includes a guide rail (19), which is embedded inside the linkage frame (18) to provide guidance and stable support for the movement of the linkage frame (18).

4. An automatic seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scissor arm (10) also includes a stabilizing structure, which includes a slider (13) disposed on the side end of shaft one (11) and a groove (15) opened on the side wall of the connecting frame (2). The slider (13) is embedded in the groove (15) to limit the radial movement range of the scissor arm (10).

5. An automatic seeding machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stabilizing structure also includes an insert (14) disposed on the side of the slider (13), the insert (14) being further embedded in the side wall of the groove (15) to increase the contact surface and prevent the scissor arm (10) from tipping off.

6. An automatic seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing unit includes a storage bin (16) and a seed guide tube (17) located at the end of shaft one (11); the seed guide tube (17) is connected to the seed outlet of an external automatic sowing mechanism.

7. An automatic seeding machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The external automatic seeding mechanism is a seed metering device used for quantitative seed taking and metering. The seed metering device is selected from spoon wheel type, finger clamp type or air suction type seed metering device.

8. An automatic seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trenching and compaction unit includes: a support rod (7) set on the inner wall of the cover (1); multiple trenchers (8) sleeved on the outside of the support rod (7) for opening planting trenches; and a compaction wheel (9) rotatably set on the inside of the connecting frame (2) for compacting the soil covered with seeds.

9. An automatic seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction connection unit includes: a traction arm (4) with a connecting shaft (6) at the end for connecting to an external traction device; and a shaft (5) located in the middle of the inner side of the cover (1), wherein the traction arm (4) is rotatably connected to the end of the shaft (5).

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