Low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of polyester spinning oil. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: a smoothing agent 20-50 parts, an antistatic agent 30-60 parts, a bundling agent 10-25 parts, an emulsifier 10-30 parts and an additive 0.1-5 parts. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil has good system stability and use performance, can improve the smoothness, antistatic property, bundling property and dispersibility of the fiber, and effectively improves the problems of softening, doubling, adhesion and the like occurring in the spinning, drafting, crimping and heat setting processes, thereby improving the spinnability, processing stability and product quality. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil has the advantages of storage stability, small corrosion and low cost, and is suitable for industrial application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polyester spinning oiling technology, and in particular to a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oiling agent, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Conventional polyester fiber is a synthetic fiber produced by melt spinning of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the fiber-forming polymer. Low-melting-point polyester fiber (LMPET) is a type of polyester fiber with low-temperature hot-melt bonding properties, which is usually produced by copolymerization, blending modification and other methods based on conventional polyester fiber. It is widely used in non-woven materials, home textiles, automotive interiors and footwear and apparel fabrics.

[0003] To balance low-temperature thermal adhesion and fiber mechanical properties, most existing low-melting-point polyester staple fibers employ a core-sheath composite spinning structure, where the sheath is a low-melting-point copolyester and the core is a conventional polyester. During subsequent processing, the sheath can melt at a lower temperature to form inter-fiber bonding, while the core is used to maintain the overall strength and morphological stability of the fiber.

[0004] Compared to conventional polyester fibers, low-melting-point polyester staple fibers have lower glass transition temperatures and melting points in their sheath layer, and a greater difference in thermal properties between the sheath and core layers. Therefore, they are more sensitive to the temperatures during spinning, drawing, crimping, drying, and heat setting processes. During processing, the fiber surface is prone to softening, localized melting, sticking, and tangling, leading to spinnability problems such as fuzz, breakage, fly waste, and roller entanglement, and affecting the fiber's mechanical properties and quality stability. Meanwhile, downstream processing requires fibers with good smoothness, bulkiness, softness, and dispersibility, preventing tangling and sticking, and ensuring controllable thermal bonding without sticking to equipment. Therefore, higher requirements are placed on the lubrication, isolation, anti-sticking, and antistatic properties of spinning oils.

[0005] Spinning oils are key auxiliaries in the production of polyester staple fibers. They are mainly used to impart good smoothness, antistatic properties, and bundling properties to the fibers, reduce friction between the fibers and equipment, and between fibers themselves, ensuring stable spinning and subsequent processing. However, existing conventional PET staple fiber spinning oils are mainly suitable for the processing conditions of ordinary polyester fibers, and the oil film properties they form primarily meet conventional drawing and lubrication requirements. When applied to low-melting-point polyester staple fibers, under lower processing temperatures and lower oiling rates, they often exhibit insufficient oil film strength, rigidity, elasticity, and viscoelasticity, making it difficult to form a stable and effective isolation and protective layer on the fiber surface.

[0006] In summary, existing conventional spinning oils are insufficient to meet the comprehensive requirements of smoothing, bundling, antistatic, anti-blocking, and dispersing properties for low-melting-point polyester staple fibers during production and post-processing, easily leading to problems such as fiber softening, yarn twisting, adhesion, and decreased spinnability. Therefore, providing a spinning oil suitable for low-melting-point polyester staple fibers that can maintain good oil film strength and comprehensive performance under low-temperature processing conditions is a technical problem urgently needing to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, this invention provides a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil, its preparation method, and its application. This spinning oil effectively improves the softening, twinning, and adhesion problems of low-melting-point polyester staple fibers during spinning and post-processing without altering existing process conditions, thereby enhancing its spinnability, processing stability, and product quality stability.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The first aspect of this invention protects a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of smoothing agent, 30-60 parts of antistatic agent, 10-25 parts of bridging agent, 10-30 parts of emulsifier, and 0.1-5 parts of additive.

[0009] Preferably, the smoothing agent comprises at least one of polyoxyethylene laurate, polyoxyethylene stearate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyether-modified silicone oil, polyethylene glycol monolaurate, and polyoxyethylene oleate.

[0010] Preferably, the antistatic agent includes at least one of potassium dodecyl tetradecyl phosphate and potassium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate.

[0011] Preferably, the bridging agent comprises at least one of polyoxyethylene stearate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, C12-C14 secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, C10-16 alcohol alkoxylate, isomeric decaol alkoxylate, and multibranched isomeric decaol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0012] Preferably, the emulsifier includes at least one of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, dodecyl dimethyl betaine, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, C12-C14 secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, C10-16 alcohol alkoxylate, isomeric decaol alkoxylate, and multibranched isomeric decaol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0013] Preferably, the additive includes at least one of long-chain fatty acid salts, alkylamides, and inorganic nanoparticles.

[0014] Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid salt includes magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, and calcium stearate; And / or, the alkylamide includes at least one of oleamide and ethylene bis-stearamide; And / or, the inorganic nanopowder includes at least one of nano-SiO2, TiO2, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, montmorillonite, and talc.

[0015] The second aspect of this invention protects a method for preparing the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: Add the prescribed amounts of antistatic agent and smoothing agent to the reaction vessel, heat, stir for the first time, then add emulsifier and slub, stir for the second time, add additives, stir for the third time, mix evenly, and cool to room temperature to obtain a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil.

[0016] Preferably, the heating temperature is 50–60°C; And / or, the temperature of the first stirring is 50-60°C, and the time is 30-120 min; And / or, the temperature of the second stirring is 50-60°C, and the time is 30-120 min; And / or, the temperature of the third stirring is 50-60°C, and the time is 30-120 min.

[0017] The third aspect of this invention protects the application of a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil in the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning production process. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil is the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil described in the first aspect, or the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect.

[0018] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows: The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil prepared by this invention, through the synergistic effect of smoothing agents, antistatic agents, bundlers, emulsifiers, and additives, can improve the stability and performance of the oil system. It also enables the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber to possess excellent smoothness, antistatic properties, bundler properties, and dispersion properties, and maintains good smoothness, bulkiness, and dispersibility in downstream processing applications. When used in the production of low-melting-point polyester staple fiber, the oil of this invention can better adapt to the high heat sensitivity of low-melting-point polyester staple fiber without changing existing spinning process conditions. It effectively improves problems such as fiber softening, tangling, and adhesion caused by high tension, high drying and setting temperatures during processing, thereby improving the spinnability, processing stability, and product quality stability of low-melting-point polyester staple fiber.

[0019] Furthermore, the oil prepared by this invention has good storage stability, is not prone to stratification or deterioration, and has a neutral or weakly alkaline pH value, which has less corrosiveness to spinning equipment, thus helping to reduce equipment maintenance costs and extend equipment service life. In addition, the raw materials used are widely available and have low cost, making them suitable for industrial applications. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0021] A low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of smoothing agent, 30-60 parts of antistatic agent, 10-25 parts of bubbling agent, 10-30 parts of emulsifier, and 0.1-5 parts of additive.

[0022] This invention achieves a controlled-flexibility lubricating film on the fiber surface through the rational compounding of lubricants. During the spinning process, it mainly functions as a liquid fluid lubricant, effectively reducing friction between the fiber and the equipment, ensuring a continuous and stable spinning process, and adapting to the low melting point of the fiber cortex, thus preventing damage to the fiber structure during spinning. In subsequent processing applications, the lubricant exhibits a solid interface lubrication mode on the fiber, further improving the rigidity and dispersibility of the short fibers.

[0023] The antistatic agent in the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil formulation of this invention can effectively reduce charge accumulation during the spinning process, achieving a more durable antistatic effect and thus reducing problems such as filament drift and breakage. During downstream processing, it can quickly absorb moisture, forming a double-layer electric barrier that disperses the fibers; simultaneously, it works synergistically with the lubrication system to further improve the anti-sticking effect.

[0024] The bundling agent in the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil formulation of this invention enables the fibers to quickly bind together during processing, forming a tight bundle and improving the durability of the bundle. This solves the problem that existing oils cannot simultaneously achieve both antistatic properties and bundling performance.

[0025] The emulsifier in the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil formulation of this invention can improve the emulsification stability of the oil system, enhance the compatibility between the components, make the oil less prone to stratification and deterioration during long-term storage, and ensure stable performance during use, thereby reducing spinning defects caused by insufficient oil stability or deterioration.

[0026] The additives in the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil formulation of this invention can increase the oil film strength, viscoelasticity and lubrication performance when adsorbed on the fiber surface. Among them, the organic additives can significantly reduce the fiber surface energy, and the inorganic powders can reduce the actual contact area between fibers and form a physical isolation layer. When the two are used together, they can achieve a better isolation and anti-adhesion effect.

[0027] Example 1 A low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 34 parts smoothing agent, 30 parts antistatic agent, 25 parts bundling agent, 10 parts emulsifier, and 1 part additive.

[0028] The smoothing agent mentioned above includes 15 parts polyethylene glycol monolaurate, 18 parts polyoxyethylene stearate, and 1 part polydimethylsiloxane. The antistatic agent consists of 30 parts of potassium dodecyl tetradecyl phosphate; The bridging agent comprises 10 parts of isomeric decaol alkoxylate, 10 parts of C12-C14 secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and 5 parts of C10-16 alcohol alkoxylate; The emulsifier includes 10 parts of multibranched isomeric tridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; The additives include 0.5 parts magnesium stearate and 0.5 parts nano-SiO2.

[0029] A method for preparing a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil includes the following steps: First, add the prescribed amount of antistatic agent and smoothing agent to the reaction vessel, mix and stir, heat to 60℃, and stir for 30 minutes; while maintaining the temperature and stirring, continue to add the prescribed amount of emulsifier and bundler, maintain the temperature at 60℃, and stir for 30 minutes; while maintaining the temperature and stirring, finally add the prescribed amount of additives, maintain the temperature at 60℃, and stir for 30 minutes; finally, cool to room temperature and discharge to obtain the low melting point polyester staple fiber spinning oil.

[0030] The resulting low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil is a pale yellow emulsion with a pH of 8.21, a solid content of 75%, and a surface tension of 27.84 mN / m for a 1% water emulsion.

[0031] Example 2 A low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts smoothing agent, 40 parts antistatic agent, 10 parts bundling agent, 23 parts emulsifier, and 2 parts additive.

[0032] The smoothing agent mentioned above includes 15 parts polyethylene glycol monolaurate and 10 parts polyoxyethylene stearate. The antistatic agent comprises 30 parts of potassium dodecyl tetradecyl phosphate and 10 parts of potassium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate. The bundler consists of 10 parts fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether; The emulsifiers include 10 parts dodecyl dimethyl betaine and 13 parts fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; The additives include 1 part magnesium stearate and 1 part nano SiO2.

[0033] The preparation method of a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil is the same as that in Example 1.

[0034] The resulting oil was a pale yellow emulsion with a pH of 8.47, a solid content of 64%, and a surface tension of 28.53 mN / m for a 1% water emulsion.

[0035] Example 3 A low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts smoothing agent, 39 parts antistatic agent, 10 parts bundling agent, 25 parts emulsifier, and 1 part additive.

[0036] The smoothing agent mentioned above includes 10 parts polyethylene glycol monolaurate and 15 parts polyoxyethylene stearate. The antistatic agent consists of 34 parts potassium dodecyl tetradecyl phosphate and 5 parts potassium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate. The bundler consists of 10 parts fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether; The emulsifiers include 10 parts dodecyl dimethyl betaine and 15 parts fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; The additives include 1 part magnesium stearate.

[0037] The preparation method of a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil is the same as that in Example 1.

[0038] The resulting oil was a pale yellow emulsion with a pH of 8.59, a solid content of 60%, and a surface tension of 29.01 mN / m for a 1% water emulsion.

[0039] As can be seen from the above examples, compared with Examples 2 and 3, the lubricant system of Example 1 introduces polydimethylsiloxane, which can improve the overall lubricity of the formulation. Simultaneously, its emulsifier uses multi-branched isomeric tridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, which is more conducive to the stable emulsification of polydimethylsiloxane. Furthermore, the bridging agent in Example 1 uses a combination of isomeric decadecyl alcohol alkoxylate, C12-C14 secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and C10-16 alcohol alkoxylate, while the electrostatic agent uses only potassium dodecyl tetradecyl phosphate. This approach balances performance and reduces formulation costs. In addition, the additives in Example 1 simultaneously contain magnesium stearate and nano-SiO2, resulting in superior stability and anti-fading properties of the oil.

[0040] Compared to Example 3, Example 2 has a similar formulation composition. However, Example 3 has a slightly higher amount of potassium dodecyl phosphate salt, which is more beneficial for its antistatic properties under low humidity conditions. Simultaneously, the amount of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether emulsifier is also increased in Example 3, thus helping to ensure the stability of the emulsion system. Furthermore, Example 3 uses only magnesium stearate as an additive, simplifying the formulation and making it easier to control costs.

[0041] Test case Test Example 1 Commercially available similar products were selected as control standards. The control standards and the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oils prepared in Examples 1-3 were each formulated into emulsions with a mass fraction of 5%, and their initial liquid level heights were recorded. Bubbling was then performed at an air flow rate of 5 L / min, and the total liquid level height was recorded after 1 minute of bubbling. After stopping bubbling and allowing the mixture to stand for 1 minute, the liquid level height was recorded again. The difference between the total liquid level height after 1 minute of bubbling and the initial liquid level height was taken as the foam height, and the difference between the liquid level height after stopping bubbling for 1 minute and the liquid level height after 1 minute of bubbling was taken as the defoaming height. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0042] Table 1: Foam performance test results of Examples 1-3 and the control.

[0043] As shown in Table 1, compared with the control, the emulsions prepared by the oils in Examples 1-3 of this invention all exhibited a certain degree of foam control ability. The foam height of Examples 1-3 was lower than that of the control, indicating lower foaming properties. After bubbling stopped, the foam in Examples 2 and 3 showed a more stable decline, indicating that their foam was easier to control. In other words, the embodiments of this invention exhibit good low-foaming performance during emulsion use.

[0044] Test Example 2 Commercially available similar products were selected as control standards. Examples 1-3 and the control standards were used to oil low-melting-point polyester staple fibers, with the oiling rate (OPU) controlled at 0.16%. Oiling was performed by spraying. Under the temperature and humidity conditions shown in Table 2, the resistivity of the oiled fibers was tested. Each sample was tested in parallel three times, and the average value was taken. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0045] Table 2: Resistivity test results of Examples 1-3 and the control.

[0046] As shown in Table 2, compared with the control sample, the resistivity of the samples obtained in Examples 1-3 of this invention was reduced, indicating that the spinning oil of this invention can improve the antistatic properties of low-melting-point polyester staple fibers. In other words, the spinning oil of this invention helps reduce the accumulation of static electricity in low-melting-point polyester staple fibers during processing, thereby improving the stability of the fiber processing.

[0047] Test Example 3 Commercially available similar products were selected as control standards. Examples 1-3 and the control standards were used to oil low-melting-point polyester staple fibers, with the oiling rate (OPU) controlled at 0.16%, and the oiling was performed by spraying. The resulting fiber samples were evaluated by five evaluators in terms of fiber smoothness and fiber fluffiness and resilience. A relative ranking scoring method was used, with each evaluator giving 1 to 4 points to the four samples. The higher the score, the better the hand feel performance. The total score was calculated, and the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0048] Table 3: Fiber Smoothness Rating Results

[0049] Table 4: Fiber Fluff and Resilience Scoring Results

[0050] As can be seen from Tables 3 and 4, compared with the control, the fibers obtained in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have improved to varying degrees in terms of smoothness and fluffy resilience. This indicates that the spinning oil of the present invention can improve the hand feel of low-melting-point polyester staple fiber, giving it better smoothness and fluffy resilience, which is beneficial to improving the overall hand feel and post-processing performance of the fiber.

[0051] Test Example 4 To further illustrate the practical application effect of the spinning oil of the present invention, the oils prepared in Examples 1-3 were used in the production of low-melting-point polyester staple fibers, and their smoothness, bundling, antistatic properties, and processing stability during the spinning process were investigated. The results are as follows: When using the oil prepared in Example 1 to produce low-melting-point polyester staple fibers, the filaments were smooth during spinning, with no obvious filament drift or breakage, indicating that the oil has good smoothness and process stability. Simultaneously, the fibers exhibited excellent bundle cohesion, with tight and uniform bundles, reducing the likelihood of filament scattering or bundling during subsequent drafting and crimping, thus improving the stability and efficiency of the processing. Furthermore, the oil provides long-lasting antistatic effects, preventing fibers from adhering to equipment or tangling due to static electricity, reducing the frequency of equipment cleaning; it also does not corrode spinning equipment, reducing equipment maintenance costs with long-term use.

[0052] When using the oil prepared in Example 2 to produce low-melting-point polyester staple fibers, the spinning process exhibits good smoothness and antistatic properties. The frictional resistance between the fiber and the equipment is low, reducing equipment wear while providing a lasting antistatic effect. This reduces phenomena such as filament drift and fiber breakage, resulting in good spinning process stability. Simultaneously, the oil effectively retains fiber bundles, improving throughput in subsequent processing and reducing fiber breakage and lint formation, thus minimizing raw material loss. Furthermore, the low oil residue does not affect subsequent fiber bonding and forming effects.

[0053] When using the oil agent prepared in Example 3 to produce low-melting-point polyester staple fiber, it exhibits good antistatic and bundle-gathering properties during spinning, solving the problem of static electricity accumulation during spinning and reducing issues such as fiber drift, breakage, and entanglement during processing. Furthermore, the fiber bundles are tightly bound, reducing the likelihood of fraying during subsequent stretching and cutting processes, resulting in smooth cuts and improved finished fiber quality. Simultaneously, the oil agent demonstrates good compatibility, adheres evenly to the fiber surface, and is stable during long-term storage, meeting the processing requirements of low-melting-point polyester staple fiber.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. It is understood that other improvements and variations that are directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention should be considered to be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 20-50 parts of smoothing agent, 30-60 parts of antistatic agent, 10-25 parts of bridging agent, 10-30 parts of emulsifier, and 0.1-5 parts of additives.

2. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smoothing agent includes at least one of polyoxyethylene laurate, polyoxyethylene stearate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyether-modified silicone oil, polyethylene glycol monolaurate, and polyoxyethylene oleate.

3. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antistatic agent includes at least one of potassium dodecyl tetradecyl phosphate and potassium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate.

4. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slugging agent includes at least one of the following: polyoxyethylene stearate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, C12-C14 secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, C10-16 alcohol alkoxylate, isomeric decaol alkoxylate, and multibranched isomeric decaol polyoxyethylene ether.

5. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emulsifier includes at least one of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, dodecyl dimethyl betaine, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, C12-C14 secondary alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, C10-16 alcohol alkoxylate, isomeric decaol alkoxylate, and multibranched isomeric decaol polyoxyethylene ether.

6. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The additives include at least one of long-chain fatty acid salts, alkylamides, and inorganic nanoparticles.

7. The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil agent according to claim 6, characterized in that, The long-chain fatty acid salts include magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, and calcium stearate; And / or, the alkylamide includes at least one of oleamide and ethylene bis-stearamide; And / or, the inorganic nanopowder includes at least one of nano-SiO2, TiO2, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, montmorillonite, and talc.

8. A method for preparing a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Add the prescribed amounts of antistatic agent and smoothing agent to the reaction vessel, heat, stir for the first time, then add emulsifier and slub, stir for the second time, add additives, stir for the third time, mix evenly, and cool to room temperature to obtain a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heating temperature is 50–60°C; And / or, the temperature of the first stirring is 50-60°C, and the time is 30-120 min; And / or, the temperature of the second stirring is 50-60°C, and the time is 30-120 min; And / or, the temperature of the third stirring is 50-60°C, and the time is 30-120 min.

10. The application of a low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil in the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning production process, characterized in that, The low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil is the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, or the low-melting-point polyester staple fiber spinning oil prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 8 to 9.

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