A vibration device and method for reducing internal friction in metal parts

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of vibration device and method for reducing internal friction of metal parts, and vibration device includes vibration generating mechanism, two support mechanisms and clamping mechanism;Vibration generating mechanism includes elastic support, counterweight and vibration generator, the elastic support is fixed to the bottom of the counterweight, the counterweight is elastically supported on base surface by elastic support, the vibration generator is fixed to the central top surface of the counterweight;Two support mechanisms are located at the two sides of the vibration generating mechanism, for supporting the node position of part bending mode;Clamping mechanism is used to clamp the wave crest position of part bending mode, and is fixedly connected with the counterweight by connecting mechanism.The present application constructs efficient vibration transmission system, utilizes resonance vibration to make part internal micro-deformation, promotes dislocation recombination, significantly reduces the internal friction of part, with the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of micro-strengthening technology of metallic materials, and in particular relates to a vibration device and method for reducing internal friction of metal parts. Background Technology

[0002] Internal friction is the energy dissipation during the vibration of a solid. It is quantified as the ratio of energy loss per unit volume to the maximum elastic energy stored. Even if a vibrating object is completely isolated from the outside world, its vibration will weaken on its own. This phenomenon is due to the "friction" of the object's internal microstructure, referred to as internal friction, which consumes the elastic energy stored in the vibrating system. Because strain lags behind stress by a phase angle, after one cycle of stress, the stress-strain curve cannot return to its origin along the original path, but forms a loop. The area of ​​this loop is proportional to the energy consumption per cycle. Internal friction (Q-1) is defined as the ratio of energy loss per unit volume per cycle to the maximum elastic energy stored. The larger Q-1 is, the more energy is consumed. By measuring the resonant frequency (ωr) and the width of the resonant peak (ω2-ω1) of a component, the internal friction can be calculated as Q-1=(ω2-ω1) / ωr. If, after processing, the resonant peak narrows and shifts slightly forward, it indicates that the internal friction of the component has decreased.

[0003] Microscopic strengthening of parts has significant practical value. Commonly used metal microscopic strengthening processes include deformation strengthening and heat treatment strengthening. Surface deformation strengthening methods commonly include shot peening, laser impact, and ultrasonic rolling, while heat treatment strengthening methods commonly include surface treatment and annealing. However, traditional processes all face significant limitations: although deformation treatment can introduce high dislocation density to achieve strengthening, it significantly increases internal friction in the metal, leading to loss of elasticity and precision, deterioration of dynamic response, and degradation of high-temperature performance. Furthermore, it suffers from problems such as worsened surface roughness and a strengthening layer depth limited to sub-millimeter levels. Heat treatment is prone to thermal deformation and surface oxidation and decarburization during heating and cooling, and for large and complex parts, it also faces bottlenecks such as limited equipment capacity, huge energy consumption, and long production cycles.

[0004] Vibration micro-strengthening technology offers a novel solution to overcome the aforementioned technical bottlenecks. This technology applies vibration to components, inducing orderly movement and redistribution of internal dislocations. This causes dislocations to form stable pinning structures at grain boundaries and impurities, significantly reducing the density of movable dislocations and achieving a substantial reduction in internal friction. This "inside-out" strengthening method not only penetrates complex structures to achieve overall uniform treatment but also promotes grain boundary optimization and dislocation recombination at the atomic scale, simultaneously achieving a synergistic improvement in both low internal friction and high strength. While vibration micro-strengthening technology provides a novel solution to overcome these technical bottlenecks, there is currently a lack of specialized vibration devices for reducing internal friction in metal components, hindering the efficient implementation of this technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem of the lack of vibration devices specifically designed to reduce internal friction in metal parts in existing technologies, this application provides a vibration device and method for reducing internal friction in metal parts, which effectively reduces internal friction in metal parts and has advantages such as low processing cost, high efficiency, and simple operation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts includes: a vibration generating mechanism comprising an elastic support, a counterweight, and a vibration generator; the elastic support is fixed to the bottom of the counterweight, the counterweight is elastically supported on a base surface by the elastic support, and the vibration generator is fixed to the center of the top surface of the counterweight; two support mechanisms located on both sides of the vibration generating mechanism for supporting the node positions of the bending mode of the part; and a clamping mechanism for clamping the crest position of the bending mode of the part and fixedly connected to the counterweight by a connecting mechanism.

[0008] The above scheme constructs a complete vibration system through the cooperation of the vibration generating mechanism, the support mechanism and the clamping mechanism. The vibration energy generated by the vibration generator is transmitted to the parts through the combined cumulative effect of the counterweight and the elastic support, and then through the connecting mechanism and the clamping mechanism. This causes the parts to undergo micro-deformation in a resonant state, which promotes the orderly movement and redistribution of internal dislocations, thereby effectively reducing the internal friction of the parts.

[0009] Preferably, the connecting mechanism includes: two pressure strips pressed onto both ends of the vibration generator; four screws, with two screws passing through each pressure strip; wherein, the upper part of each screw is fixedly connected to the clamping mechanism, the lower part of each screw passes through the pressure strip and the counterweight, and a nut is fitted on each screw above the pressure strip and below the counterweight, with two nuts forming a pair. The four pairs of nuts fix the four screws to the counterweight, and adjusting the position of the nut pairs can adjust the position of the counterweight on the screws, thereby adjusting the compression of the elastic support.

[0010] The above solution achieves a stable connection of the connecting mechanism through the cooperation of the screw and nut. At the same time, by adjusting the position of the nut pair, the compression of the elastic support can be flexibly adjusted, thereby adjusting the vibration effect and adapting to different working conditions.

[0011] Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes: a clamp for covering the crest of the bending mode of the clamping part; a connecting seat fixed to the bottom of the clamp; wherein, the upper part of the screw passes through the connecting seat, and a nut is fitted on the screw above and below the connecting seat, the two nuts forming a pair, and the four screws are fixedly connected to the connecting seat by the four pairs of nuts.

[0012] The above solution achieves stable clamping of the part's wave crest position through the cooperation of the clamp and the connecting seat, ensuring that the vibration energy can be effectively transmitted to the part and improving the processing effect.

[0013] Preferably, the elastic support is a plurality of springs.

[0014] The above solution uses springs as elastic support components, which are simple in structure, low in cost, and can provide stable elastic support force, facilitating the accumulation and transmission of vibration energy.

[0015] Preferably, the counterweight is a split design, consisting of multiple small counterweight blocks stacked and fixed together, and the total mass of the counterweight can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of small counterweight blocks.

[0016] The above solution, through the split design of the counterweight, allows for flexible adjustment of the total mass of the counterweight according to actual needs, thereby adjusting the vibration effect and improving the adaptability and flexibility of the device.

[0017] Preferably, the support mechanism includes a rigid support frame and a flexible pad disposed on the rigid support frame.

[0018] The above solution provides stable support through a rigid support frame, while the flexible pad can reduce the damping effect of the support on the vibration of the parts, ensuring that the parts can vibrate freely and improving the processing effect.

[0019] Preferably, the part includes at least one of shaft-type parts, roll-type parts, plate-shaped parts, ring-shaped parts, or beam-shaped parts.

[0020] This invention also provides a vibration method for reducing internal friction in metal parts, which utilizes the aforementioned vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts. The method includes the following steps: determining the node position and crest position of the bending mode of the part; supporting the part on two support mechanisms, the two support structures supporting the node position of the bending mode of the part; using the clamping mechanism to clamp the crest position of the bending mode of the part, and the clamping mechanism being fixedly connected to the counterweight via a connecting mechanism; activating the vibration generator, the vibration energy generated by the vibration generator passing through the counterweight and elastic support to generate a compound cumulative effect, and then being transmitted to the part via the connecting mechanism and clamping mechanism. This resonant vibration causes microscopic deformation in the part, reducing internal friction.

[0021] The above method determines the modal characteristics of the part, accurately supports the node position and clamps the wave crest position, constructs an efficient vibration transmission path, and uses resonant vibration to cause micro-deformation inside the part, thereby effectively reducing the internal friction of the part and improving its mechanical properties and service life.

[0022] This invention provides a vibration device and method for reducing internal friction in metal parts, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention constructs a highly efficient vibration transmission system through the synergistic action of a vibration generating mechanism, a support mechanism, and a clamping mechanism. The vibration energy generated by the vibration generator is precisely transmitted to the crest position of the part through the combined cumulative action of the counterweight and elastic support, via the connecting mechanism and the clamping mechanism. The nodal positions of the part are supported on the support mechanism. This arrangement allows the part to vibrate efficiently in a resonant state. The mechanical energy input from the resonant vibration drives microscopic plastic deformation and reconfiguration of defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries within the material, increasing dislocation density, pinning dislocations to solute atoms, and releasing residual stress. Ultimately, this reduces the number of movable defects in the material under subsequent alternating loads, thereby significantly reducing the internal friction of the part. This device has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is inexpensive. It is applicable to various types of parts, including shafts, rolls, plates, rings, and beams, and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration generating mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration device of the present invention for reducing internal friction of metal parts.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart showing the changes in resonance peaks of the parts before and after vibration treatment according to the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Elastic support; 2. Counterweight; 3. Vibration generator; 4. Pressure bar; 5. Flexible pad; 6. Rigid support frame; 7. Screw; 8. Clamping mechanism; 9. Part; 10. Support mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0030] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Reference Figures 1-2 This embodiment provides a vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts. The device includes a vibration generating mechanism, two support mechanisms 10, and a clamping mechanism 8.

[0033] The vibration generating mechanism is the power source and energy accumulation core of the entire device. The vibration generating mechanism includes an elastic support 1, a counterweight 2, and a vibration generator 3. The elastic support 1 is fixed to the bottom of the counterweight 2, and the counterweight 2 is elastically supported on the base surface by the elastic support 1. The vibration generator 3 is fixed to the center of the top surface of the counterweight 2.

[0034] Specifically, the elastic support 1 serves to support the counterweight 2 and store and release elastic potential energy. In this embodiment, the base surface typically refers to a horizontal ground or a stable platform. "Elastic support on the base surface" means that the counterweight 2 is not rigidly in contact with the ground, but rather establishes a mechanical connection with the base surface through the elastic deformation of the elastic support 1, thereby allowing the counterweight 2 to generate relatively free reciprocating motion in the vertical direction. The vibration generator 3, as the excitation source, is fixed to the center of the top surface of the counterweight 2 and can generate excitation force at a specific frequency. The counterweight 2 not only serves as the mounting carrier for the vibration generator 3, but more importantly, as an inertial mass block, it participates in the energy accumulation and transmission of the vibration system. When the vibration generator 3 is working, the counterweight 2 and the elastic support 1 form a mass-spring system, which can accumulate and amplify vibration energy, ensuring sufficient energy input to the part to be processed.

[0035] Two support mechanisms 10 are located on both sides of the vibration generating mechanism to support the node positions of the bending mode of part 9.

[0036] The clamping mechanism 8 clamps the crest of the bending mode of the part 9 and is fixedly connected to the counterweight 2 through the connecting mechanism.

[0037] Specifically, part 9 needs to be in a specific resonant mode during vibration treatment. The support mechanism 10 supports the bending mode node of part 9, minimizing the damping effect of the support on the vibration of the part, allowing part 9 to vibrate freely. The clamping mechanism 8 clamps part 9 at the crest of the bending mode, where the amplitude is largest, enabling the most effective reception and transmission of vibration energy. The clamping mechanism 8 is rigidly connected to the counterweight 2 via a connecting mechanism, thereby transmitting the vibration energy generated by the vibration generating mechanism to part 9.

[0038] The working principle and vibration transmission path of this embodiment are as follows: After the vibration generator 3 is started, it generates a periodic excitation force, which acts directly on the counterweight 2. Since the counterweight 2 is elastically supported on the base surface by the elastic support 1, it vibrates vertically under the excitation force. At this time, the system composed of the counterweight 2 and the elastic support 1 undergoes a "compound accumulation effect," that is, the vibration energy accumulates continuously during the inertial motion of the counterweight 2 and the elastic potential energy conversion of the elastic support 1. Subsequently, the accumulated vibration energy is transmitted to the clamping mechanism 8 through the connecting mechanism, and finally to the crest position of the part 9. Since the part 9 is supported at the node and the excitation frequency is close to or consistent with the natural frequency of the part 9, the part 9 resonates. In the resonant state, the part 9 undergoes severe micro-deformation, which causes the dislocations inside the material to slip and recombine, and the grain boundaries to move, thereby reducing the micro-defects and internal friction inside the material, and ultimately achieving micro-strengthening of the part 9. Through this specific spatial layout and connection relationship, this embodiment constructs an efficient vibration energy transfer path from vibration generator 3 to part 9, thereby effectively reducing the internal friction of metal parts.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, provides a detailed description of the specific structure of the connecting mechanism and the clamping mechanism. The connecting mechanism includes two pressure strips 4 and four screws 7. Each pressure strip 4 has two screws 7 passing through it, and the pressure strips 4 are pressed against both ends of the vibration generator 3. Specifically, the pressure strips 4 not only serve to fix the vibration generator 3, preventing it from shifting or falling off during high-frequency vibration, but also act as a force transmission bridge, transferring the preload on the screws 7 to the counterweight 2, ensuring the integrity of the entire vibration generating mechanism. The lower part of the screws 7 passes through the pressure strips 4 and the counterweight 2. A nut is fitted on each screw 7, one above the pressure strips 4 and one below the counterweight 2. Two nuts form a pair, and the four pairs of nuts fix the four screws 7 to the counterweight 2.

[0041] The position of the adjusting nuts can be adjusted to change the position of the counterweight 2 on the screw 7, thereby adjusting the compression of the elastic support 1. The working principle of this adjustment mechanism is as follows: the upper part of the screw 7 is fixedly connected to the clamping mechanism 8. The screw 7 is stationary or serves as a reference relative to the ground or foundation surface. When the nut located above the pressure bar 4 is tightened, the nut moves downward along the thread, pushing the pressure bar 4 downward, which in turn presses against the vibration generator 3 and pushes the counterweight 2 downward. Simultaneously, the nut located below the counterweight 2 also rotates downward synchronously. Through the locking of the two pairs of nuts, a rigid connection between the screw 7 and the counterweight 2 is achieved. When it is necessary to adjust the compression of the elastic support 1 (such as a spring), only the relative positions of the four pairs of nuts on the screw 7 need to be adjusted synchronously. This design cleverly utilizes the precise displacement characteristics of the threaded pair to achieve quantitative adjustment of the initial state (elastic potential energy) of the vibration system. Therefore, according to the mass or stiffness characteristics of different parts 9, the resonant frequency and amplitude of the vibration system can be adjusted to achieve the best internal friction elimination effect.

[0042] The clamping mechanism 8 comprises a clamp and a connecting seat. The clamp covers the crest of the bending mode of the part 9; the connecting seat is fixed to the bottom of the clamp. The upper part of the screw 7 passes through the connecting seat, and a nut is fitted on the screw 7 above and below the connecting seat. These two nuts form a pair, and the four pairs of nuts securely connect the four screws 7 to the connecting seat. Specifically, the clamp design should be adapted to the shape of the part 9, and it is bolted to cover the crest of the part 9, ensuring that vibration energy can be transmitted to the interior of the part 9 without loss. The connecting seat, as the connection interface between the clamp and the screw 7, must have structural strength that meets the requirements for vibration transmission. The connection between the screw 7 and the connecting seat also employs a double-nut locking mechanism. This mechanism not only ensures the stability of the connection and prevents the nuts from loosening during vibration, but also allows for fine-tuning of the height of the clamping mechanism 8 relative to the vibration generating mechanism during assembly to accommodate the installation requirements of parts 9 of different sizes. Through the cooperation of the above-mentioned connecting mechanism and clamping mechanism, a rigid vibration transmission link is constructed from the vibration generator 3 to the part 9, ensuring efficient transmission and precise control of vibration energy.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and optimizes the design of key components in the device to further improve the device's adjustment flexibility and processing effect.

[0045] Regarding the specific form of the elastic support component, the elastic support component 1 is a plurality of springs. Specifically, springs, as common elastic elements, have the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, and stable stiffness characteristics. In this embodiment, the plurality of springs are preferably evenly distributed around the bottom of the counterweight 2. This even distribution ensures that the counterweight 2 receives a uniform elastic restoring force during vibration, avoiding tilting or jamming caused by uneven force, thereby ensuring that the vibration generating mechanism performs stable reciprocating motion in the vertical direction. It should be understood that the number and specifications of the springs (such as wire diameter, mean diameter, and effective number of turns) can be specifically selected according to the actual mass of the counterweight 2 and the required system resonant frequency, and the present invention does not impose strict limitations on this. For example, when a larger load-bearing capacity is required, heavy-duty springs with greater stiffness or an increased number of springs can be selected; when a lower system natural frequency is required, light-duty springs with less stiffness or a reduced number of springs can be selected. This adjustable elastic support design allows the device to adapt to the processing needs of parts with different masses, expanding the applicability of the device.

[0046] Regarding the specific structure of the counterweight, counterweight 2 is a split design, consisting of multiple small counterweight blocks stacked and fixed together. The total mass of counterweight 2 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of these small counterweight blocks. Specifically, the mass of a traditional integral counterweight is fixed once it is manufactured, making it difficult to adapt to frequency adjustment requirements under different working conditions. In this embodiment, a split design is adopted, with multiple small counterweight blocks connected by bolts or stacked together to form a whole. The advantages of this design are: firstly, by increasing or decreasing the number of small counterweight blocks, the total mass of counterweight 2 can be easily adjusted, thereby changing the overall mass of the vibration generating mechanism. The change in mass directly leads to a change in the system's natural frequency, allowing the operator to flexibly adjust the frequency response characteristics of the vibration generating mechanism according to the resonant frequency of the part 9 to be processed, achieving the best resonance treatment effect; secondly, the split structure facilitates transportation and installation, especially for large vibration devices. The split counterweight can be disassembled, transported to the site, and reassembled, reducing logistics and installation difficulties.

[0047] Regarding the specific composition of the support mechanism, the support mechanism 10 includes a rigid support frame 6 and a flexible pad 5 disposed on the rigid support frame 6. Specifically, the rigid support frame 6 is usually welded from structural steel, possessing sufficient strength and rigidity to bear the weight of the part 9 and ensure the stability of the support. The flexible pad 5 is preferably a rubber pad or a silicone pad, disposed between the top of the rigid support frame 6 and the contact surface of the part 9. This structural design is crucial, and its technical effect is as follows: When the part 9 is subjected to vibration treatment, the amplitude at the node of its bending mode is theoretically zero. However, in actual operation, if the support point is in complete rigid contact, it will introduce huge damping, severely suppressing the vibration amplitude of the part 9, and even causing resonance to fail to be established. The presence of the flexible pad 5, utilizing the viscoelasticity of its material, provides both the necessary vertical support force and low constraint stiffness in the horizontal and rotational directions, thereby effectively isolating the support foundation from the vibration of the part 9, protecting the free vibration state of the part 9 at the node, and ensuring that the vibration energy can be fully used to drive the micro-deformation inside the part 9, rather than being consumed in the friction of the support interface.

[0048] Through the optimized design of the elastic support, counterweight, and support mechanism described above, this embodiment further enhances the device's adaptability to different parts and working conditions, ensuring the high efficiency of vibration energy transfer and the reliability of resonance treatment from a structural detail perspective.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] This embodiment expands upon embodiments 1 to 3 by providing an extended description of the types of parts 9 to which the device is applicable. The vibration device provided by this invention has strong versatility, and its core processing principle lies in utilizing the bending modal characteristics of part 9, namely the support node and the excitation wave crest. This principle is not limited to parts of a specific shape, but is applicable to various metal structures with bending vibration modes.

[0051] Specifically, part 9 includes at least one of shaft-type parts, roll-type parts, plate-shaped parts, ring-shaped parts, or beam-shaped parts. For shaft-type or roll-type parts, their structure is usually an elongated body of revolution with well-defined first-order or multiple-order bending modes. The nodes are usually located at both ends or specific fractional points, and the crests are located in the middle. When processing such parts, the support mechanism 10 supports the parts at both ends of the shaft, and the clamping mechanism 8 clamps the parts at the crests in the middle of the shaft. Vibration energy can be efficiently transmitted along the axial direction, promoting grain boundary sliding and dislocation reorganization within the material, thereby reducing internal friction.

[0052] For plate-shaped parts, their bending modes are relatively complex and may have multi-directional nodal lines. In this case, based on the modal analysis results, the support mechanism 10 can be arranged at the nodal line position of the modal vibration mode, while the clamping mechanism 8 clamps at the wave crest region with the largest amplitude. Although the geometry of plate-shaped parts is completely different from that of shaft-shaped parts, the physical essence of "nodal support and wave crest excitation" remains unchanged, so this device is still applicable.

[0053] For annular parts (such as bearing rings, large gear rings, etc.), their bending modes exhibit radial or circumferential fluctuations. The support mechanism 10 can be supported at the pitch circle position using a multi-point support method, while the clamping mechanism 8 is adapted to the outer or inner wall of the annular structure for clamping. For beam-shaped parts, the treatment method is similar to that for shaft-shaped parts; only a suitable clamping mechanism 8 needs to be designed according to the specific cross-sectional shape of the beam (such as I-beams, T-beams).

[0054] It should be understood that for different types of parts 9, only the appropriate clamping mechanism 8 and support mechanism 10 need to be replaced; the core vibration generating mechanism remains unchanged. For example, the clamping clamp shape of the clamping mechanism 8 can be customized according to the cross-section of the part, and the height and layout of the support mechanism 10 can be adjusted according to the size of the part. This modular design concept enables the device of the present invention to be widely used in the micro-strengthening treatment of various metal parts, greatly expanding the application boundaries of the device and reducing the cost for users to purchase special equipment for different parts.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] This embodiment provides a vibration method for reducing internal friction in metal parts, which utilizes the vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts as described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 4. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0057] Step S100: Determine the node positions and crest positions of the bending mode of part 9.

[0058] Specifically, before vibration treatment, modal analysis needs to be performed on part 9. This step can be done by modeling and calculating part 9 using finite element simulation software (such as ANSYS or Abaqus) to extract the mode shapes of its first few bending modes. Based on the mode shapes, the locations of nodes with zero or near-zero amplitude, as well as the locations of the peaks with the largest amplitude, are identified. Determining these locations is a prerequisite for constructing an efficient vibration system; only by accurately locating the nodes and peaks can the subsequent vibration energy be effectively input and resonance be induced.

[0059] In step S200, part 9 is supported on two support mechanisms 10, and the two support mechanisms 10 support the node position of the bending mode of part 9.

[0060] Specifically, based on the node position determined in step S100, the distance between the two support mechanisms 10 is adjusted so that the flexible pad 5 on the top of the rigid support frame 6 is accurately aligned with the node of the part 9. As mentioned earlier, the node is the position where the amplitude of the part 9 is minimal in the resonant state. Supporting it at this position can minimize the damping and constraint of the support foundation on the vibration of the part 9, ensuring that the part 9 can deform freely during resonance and avoiding unnecessary loss of vibration energy at the support.

[0061] In step S300, the part 9 is clamped at the crest of the bending mode by the clamping mechanism 8, and the clamping mechanism 8 is fixedly connected to the counterweight 2 by the connecting mechanism.

[0062] Specifically, the height and position of the clamping mechanism 8 are adjusted so that the clamp tightly covers the crest of the part 9. The crest is the area with the largest amplitude when part 9 resonates, and the vibration velocity is the highest there. Connecting the clamping mechanism 8 to this location maximizes the efficiency of vibration energy transfer. The clamping mechanism 8 is rigidly connected to the counterweight 2 of the vibration generating mechanism through a connecting mechanism (such as screw 7), thereby establishing a complete vibration transmission link from the vibration generator 3 to part 9.

[0063] Step S400: Start the vibration generator 3. The vibration energy generated by the vibration generator 3 is combined and accumulated through the counterweight 2 and the elastic support 1. It is then transmitted to the part 9 through the connecting mechanism and the clamping mechanism 8. The part 9 undergoes micro-deformation through resonant vibration, thereby reducing the internal friction of the part 9.

[0064] Specifically, this step is the core of reducing internal friction. When the vibration generator 3 is started, the periodic excitation force it generates first acts on the counterweight 2. Since the counterweight 2 has a large inertial mass and its bottom is supported on the elastic support 1, the counterweight 2 and the elastic support 1 constitute a mass-spring vibration system. The excitation force continuously accumulates and superimposes in this system, forming a "compound cumulative effect," which amplifies and stabilizes the vibration energy. This accumulated and amplified vibration energy is transmitted to the crest of the part 9 through the screw 7 and the clamping mechanism 8. When the excitation frequency of the vibration generator 3 is consistent with or close to the natural frequency of the part 9, the part 9 resonates. In the resonant state, the amplitude of the alternating stress inside the part 9 increases significantly, driving changes in the microstructure inside the material. At the microscopic level, the mechanical energy input by resonance drives the dislocations inside the material to slip, multiply, and reorganize, causing the dislocations to detach from their original pinning points and rearrange themselves in more stable energy trough positions (such as being pinned by solute atoms); at the same time, grain boundaries undergo microscopic slip and migration under the action of vibration energy. These micro-deformation processes consume the distortion energy inside the material, reduce the density of mobile dislocations, and release residual stress, thereby significantly reducing the internal friction of part 9 during subsequent service and improving the dimensional stability, elastic accuracy, and fatigue resistance of the part.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] To verify the actual effect of the vibration device and method for reducing internal friction in metal parts provided by this invention, the applicant selected a certain type of roller as the part 9 to be processed for actual testing. It should be understood that the roller selected in this embodiment is only for illustrative purposes, intended to visually demonstrate the significant effectiveness of the technical solution of this invention in reducing internal friction in metal parts through specific experimental data, and does not constitute an undue limitation on the scope of protection of this invention.

[0067] The specific testing process is as follows: First, the roll is simulated and calculated using modal analysis software to determine the node positions and crest positions of its bending mode. Then, following the steps described in Example 5, the roll is vibrated using the vibration device described in any one of Examples 1 to 4 of this invention. Specifically, the roll is supported on two support mechanisms 10, with the support positions aligned with the node positions; the crest position of the roll is clamped by the clamping mechanism 8 and fixedly connected to the counterweight 2 via a connecting mechanism. The vibration generator 3 is started, and the excitation frequency is adjusted to approach the natural frequency of the roll, inducing resonance, and the process is continued for a certain period of time.

[0068] After processing, vibration tests were conducted on the rolls to obtain resonance characteristic data before and after processing. (Refer to...) Figure 3 This paper presents a comparison of the resonance peak data of the roll before and after vibration treatment. Before vibration treatment, the resonance frequency of the roll was measured to be 6471 rpm, with a peak width of 6450 rpm-6700 rpm, and the calculated internal friction value was 0.0386. After treatment with the device and method described in this invention, a subsequent measurement revealed a slight shift in the resonance frequency of the roll, changing to 6316 rpm. This is attributed to a minor change in stiffness characteristics caused by the reorganization of the material's internal microstructure. More importantly, the resonance peak width significantly narrowed, from 6250 rpm to 6400 rpm, and the calculated internal friction value decreased to 0.0237.

[0069] Comparative calculations show that after processing by the device of this invention, the internal friction value of the roll decreased from 0.0386 to 0.0237, a reduction of 38.6%. This significant numerical change directly demonstrates the effectiveness of the technical solution of this invention. From a physical mechanism perspective, the phenomenon of the resonance peak narrowing indicates that the internal energy dissipation mechanism of part 9 has undergone a fundamental change during resonant vibration. Vibration energy drives the slip, multiplication, and reorganization of dislocations within the material, causing dislocations to be pinned by solute atoms or precipitated phases, while also promoting microscopic adjustment of grain boundaries. These microscopic changes reduce the number of movable defects in the material under subsequent alternating loads, thereby significantly reducing internal friction. The reduction in internal friction means that the part has higher elastic precision, better dimensional stability, and stronger fatigue resistance under dynamic working conditions. The above experimental data fully confirms that the vibration device and method provided by this invention can effectively reduce the internal friction of metal parts and achieve microscopic strengthening of the parts, possessing extremely high engineering application value.

[0070] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts, characterized in that, include: A vibration generating mechanism includes an elastic support, a counterweight, and a vibration generator. The elastic support is fixed to the bottom of the counterweight, and the counterweight is elastically supported on the base surface by the elastic support. The vibration generator is fixed to the center of the top surface of the counterweight. Two support mechanisms are located on both sides of the vibration generating mechanism to support the nodes of the bending mode of the part; The clamping mechanism is used to clamp the crest position of the bending mode of the part, and is fixedly connected to the counterweight block through the connecting mechanism.

2. The vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism includes: Two pressure strips are pressed onto both ends of the vibration generator; Four screws, two of which are inserted through each pressure strip; The upper part of the screw is fixedly connected to the clamping mechanism, and the lower part of the screw passes through the pressure bar and the counterweight. A nut is fitted on the screw above the pressure bar and below the counterweight. Two nuts form a pair, and four pairs of nuts fix the four screws to the counterweight. Adjusting the position of the nut pairs can adjust the position of the counterweight on the screw, thereby adjusting the compression of the elastic support.

3. The vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism includes: Clamping rings are used to cover and hold the crests of the bending modes of parts. A connecting seat is fixed to the bottom of the clamp; The upper part of the screw passes through the connecting seat, and a nut is fitted on the screw above and below the connecting seat. The two nuts form a pair, and the four pairs of nuts fix the four screws to the connecting seat.

4. The vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic support is a plurality of springs.

5. The vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The counterweight is a modular design, consisting of multiple small counterweight blocks stacked and fixed together. The total mass of the counterweight can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of small counterweight blocks.

6. The vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support mechanism includes a rigid support frame and a flexible pad disposed on the rigid support frame.

7. The vibration device for reducing internal friction in metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parts include at least one of shaft-type parts, roll-type parts, plate-shaped parts, ring-shaped parts, or beam-shaped parts.

8. A vibration method for reducing internal friction in metal parts, implemented using any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Determine the location of the nodes and the location of the crests in the bending mode of the part; The part is supported on the two support mechanisms, and the two support structures support the node positions of the bending mode of the part; The clamping mechanism is used to clamp the crest position of the bending mode of the part, and the clamping mechanism is fixedly connected to the counterweight block through a connecting mechanism; When the vibration generator is activated, the vibration energy generated by the vibration generator is combined and accumulated through the counterweight and elastic support, and then transmitted to the part through the connecting mechanism and clamping mechanism. The resonant vibration causes the part to undergo micro-deformation, reducing the internal friction of the part.

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