Environment-friendly shallow sea clay mine mining device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of marine mineral resources exploitation equipment, and discloses an environment-friendly shallow clay mine mining device and method, which comprises a ship body, an extraction mechanism connected to the ship body, a supporting mechanism connected to the lower part of the extraction mechanism, a lifting mechanism connected to the supporting mechanism, and a mining mechanism connected to the lower part of the lifting mechanism. The present application adopts an internal-external differential speed self-adaptive stirring mechanism, an outer pot-lid-shaped self-adaptive stirring head drives flexible stirring blades to rotate, and the surrounding clay slurry is smoothly scraped to the central area. The internal rigid conical stirring head and the external stirring head form differential rotation, and the central slurry is forced to be stirred and broken through the spiral guide groove and wedge-shaped stirring fan blades, so that the problem of the "central dead water area" of traditional equipment is completely eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of marine mineral resource mining equipment, specifically an environmentally friendly shallow sea clay mining device and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of the marine resource development strategy, shallow-sea soft mud-type clay deposits (typically with a water content of 50%-70% and a compressive strength of 20-200 kPa) are key raw materials for the preparation of high-end ceramics, refractory materials, and environmentally friendly adsorbents. Their reserves are abundant, and their mining value is increasingly prominent. However, existing marine mining equipment mostly follows the design concepts of cutter suction and bucket wheel systems, which are designed for hard mineral layers (such as manganese nodules and placer deposits). This is severely incompatible with the rheological characteristics of shallow-sea clay deposits, which have high water content, high viscosity, and low strength. This results in low mining efficiency, severe ecological damage, and high operating costs, becoming a core technological bottleneck restricting the industrial development of shallow-sea clay deposits. Specifically, the following technical defects exist: The design of the mixing mechanism is severely out of sync with the characteristics of soft mud, resulting in significant environmental disturbance and the existence of mining blind spots. Existing technologies, such as the seabed mineral extraction device disclosed in CN112324567A, employ a rigid cutterhead structure for cutting-type mining, and its design logic is designed for hard mineral layers with a compressive strength ≥1MPa. When dealing with soft clay deposits, the high-speed rotation of the rigid cutterhead generates severe turbulence, extending the disturbance range of the seabed sediment to 5-10m outside the working area, severely damaging seabed habitats. At the same time, the central area of ​​the rigid cutterhead is prone to forming a stagnant "dead water zone," where the slurry cannot be effectively pumped out, resulting in a resource recovery rate of only 60%-70%. Moreover, a large amount of wasted energy is consumed in excessive cutting and turbulence generation, with energy consumption exceeding the theoretical value by more than 40%.

[0003] The conveying system lacks a systematic anti-clogging design, resulting in poor operational continuity. Existing technologies, such as the deep-sea mining system disclosed in CN113482198A, employ a smooth inner wall design for their suction pipes, failing to address the adhesion characteristics of highly viscous mud. During mining, mud easily adheres and accumulates on the inner walls of the pipes, the pump impeller, and the surface of the agitator blades, forming a clay layer 5-10 cm thick. This leads to a reduction in pipe diameter and a pump efficiency decrease of over 30%. Simultaneously, hard lumps such as shells and gravel embedded in the clay ore easily clog the pipes and filters, requiring shutdown for cleaning every 2-3 hours on average. This results in an operational continuity rate of less than 60%, severely impacting the mining progress.

[0004] The existing equipment suffers from fixed operating parameters and lacks multi-dimensional intelligent adaptive adjustment capabilities. Operating parameters such as stirring speed and suction pressure are mostly preset fixed values, or only allow for manual coarse adjustments by operators based on experience. They cannot be precisely adjusted according to real-time changes in seabed mineral layers (such as looseness, thickness, and hardness). When encountering hard clay layers, insufficient stirring intensity leads to low mining efficiency; when encountering loose, soft clay layers, excessive stirring not only wastes energy but also exacerbates seabed ecological disturbance. Furthermore, the existing equipment lacks an environmental feedback control mechanism, failing to dynamically adjust operating intensity based on environmental indicators such as seawater turbidity, which can easily cause marine pollution.

[0005] Low attitude adjustment precision makes it difficult to adapt to complex seabed topography. Shallow seabed topography is complex and varied, with many uneven areas and soft foundations. Existing equipment mostly uses fixed support structures or simple hydraulic outriggers, which cannot achieve high-precision automatic leveling. This makes the equipment prone to tilting and slipping during mining, with mining depth errors reaching ±1.5m. This not only wastes resources but also poses a safety hazard of equipment overturning.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies cannot simultaneously meet the demands of efficient mining, energy conservation and environmental protection, and intelligent stability in shallow sea clay deposits. There is an urgent need to develop an environmentally friendly mining device that is specifically designed for the rheological characteristics of soft mud-type clay deposits and integrates adaptive mixing, multi-stage anti-clogging, intelligent closed-loop control, and high-precision attitude adjustment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly shallow sea clay mining device and method, which effectively solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an environmentally friendly shallow sea clay mining device, comprising a hull, an extraction mechanism connected to the hull, a support mechanism connected to the lower part of the extraction mechanism, a lifting mechanism connected to the support mechanism, and a mining mechanism connected to the lower part of the lifting mechanism. The mining mechanism includes a suction port, an adaptive stirring head rotatably connected to the lower outer side of the suction port, an outer annular rack mounting groove on the top of the adaptive stirring head, an outer annular rack fixedly connected to the end wall of the outer annular rack mounting groove, the outer annular rack meshing with a stirring gear, the stirring gear fixedly mounted on the outer surface of a gear shaft, the gear shaft rotatably mounted on the suction port and poweredly connected to a stirring motor installed inside the suction port, the gear shaft meshing with an inner annular rack, the inner annular rack rotatably mounted on an inner stirring head mounting cylinder, the inner stirring head mounting cylinder fixedly mounted at the lower inlet position of the suction port, several inner stirring head mounting rods fixedly connected to the inner side of the inner annular rack, a conical stirring head mounting shaft fixedly connected to the end of the inner stirring head mounting rods, an inner conical stirring head connected to the lower part of the conical stirring head mounting shaft, several inner stirring fan blades fixedly connected to the outer surface of the conical stirring head mounting shaft, and several flexible stirring blades connected to the lower part of the adaptive stirring head; The inner stirring head mounting cylinder is provided with an annular groove for mounting the inner annular rack, and the annular groove is machined with a meshing port for the inner annular rack to mesh with the stirring gear. The outer surface of the inner conical stirring head is provided with several spiral guide grooves; The inner stirring blades are rigid spiral blades with wedge-shaped edges; The flexible stirring blades are spaced apart and gradually increase towards the center height of the adaptive stirring head. The flexible stirring blades have a certain angle in the rotational tangential direction of the adaptive stirring head. The stirring motor is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system installed on the hull. The hull is equipped with a shipboard power distribution module, which is also electrically connected to the central intelligent control system.

[0009] Preferably, the extraction mechanism includes a slurry storage moon pool provided on the hull, a main pump mounting plate is fixedly installed on the end wall of the slurry storage moon pool, a shipboard extraction main pump is installed on the main pump mounting plate, one end of a flexible suction pipe is connected to the shipboard extraction main pump, the other end of the flexible suction pipe is connected to an adjustment base, a booster pump mounting shell is fixedly installed on the top of the suction port, and a subsea booster pump is installed inside the booster pump mounting shell; The flexible suction pipe is equipped with a spiral flow guiding channel; The subsea booster pump, the shipboard extraction main pump, and the central intelligent control system are electrically connected.

[0010] Preferably, a high-pressure crushing mechanism is connected to the suction port. The high-pressure crushing mechanism includes a high-pressure water chamber inside the suction port, a high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket rotatably connected to the end wall of the high-pressure water chamber, a crushing gear chamber inside the suction port, a gear shaft passing through the crushing gear chamber, a crushing gear fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the gear shaft, the crushing gear meshing with a crushing ring rack, the crushing ring rack rotatably mounted on the bottom wall of the high-pressure water chamber, a plurality of high-pressure nozzles mounted on the high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket, the outlet of the high-pressure nozzles extending into the suction port, the high-pressure nozzles communicating with the high-pressure water chamber, a liquid level sensor fixedly mounted on the bottom wall of the high-pressure water chamber, a plurality of water replenishment channels connected to one end of the top wall of the high-pressure water chamber, the other end of the water replenishment channels connected to a high-pressure water pump, and the high-pressure water pump mounted on the top of the booster pump mounting housing. The liquid level sensor, the high-pressure water pump, and the central intelligent control system are electrically connected. The high-pressure nozzle array is provided in multiple groups, and each group has several high-pressure nozzles spaced at equal intervals.

[0011] Preferably, the support mechanism includes the adjusting base, on which a plurality of position adjusting electric cylinders are arrayed and installed on the side wall of the adjusting base. The piston rod of the position adjusting electric cylinder is fixedly connected to a retractable support leg mounting seat. A retractable support leg is installed on the retractable support leg mounting seat. A pore pressure sensor mounting seat is fixedly connected to the lower part of the piston rod of the retractable support leg. A pore pressure sensor is installed at the lower part of the pore pressure sensor mounting seat. A displacement encoder is connected between the cylinder body of the position adjusting electric cylinder and the retractable support leg mounting seat. A laser rangefinder is installed on the position adjusting electric cylinder. A water pressure sensor is installed on the outside of the retractable support leg mounting seat. The laser rangefinder, the water pressure sensor, the displacement encoder, the pore pressure sensor, and the central intelligent control system are connected by signals.

[0012] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes a fixed cylinder installed at the lower part of the adjusting base, an extension tube slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder, a booster pump mounting housing fixedly connected to the lower end of the extension tube, and a plurality of lifting electric push rods connected between the booster pump mounting housing and the adjusting base. The lifting electric push rod is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system.

[0013] Preferably, the suction port is provided with an auxiliary extraction mechanism, which includes a plurality of rotating rings arranged in an upper and lower array inside the suction port. Auxiliary cutting blades are arranged in a circumferential array on the rotating rings. A filter screen is installed on the lower part of the rotating rings on the lower side, and the filter screen is located on the upper side of the high-pressure nozzle. A cleaning rod is fixedly installed on the top of the conical stirring head mounting shaft. A cleaning brush mounting seat is fixedly installed on the top of the cleaning rod. A plurality of cleaning brushes are installed on the cleaning brush mounting seat, and the cleaning brushes are in contact with the filter screen. The auxiliary cutting fan blades are rigid spiral blades with wedge-shaped edges.

[0014] Preferably, an anti-diffusion mechanism is provided on the outside of the suction port. The anti-diffusion mechanism includes a transparent isolation cover slidably connected to the outside of the suction port. Several guide rods are fixedly connected to the top of the transparent isolation cover. The guide rods are slidably connected to a fixed plate. The fixed plate is fixedly installed on the outside of the booster pump mounting housing. A spring is connected between the transparent isolation cover and the fixed plate, and the spring is sleeved on the outer surface of the guide rod. An annular groove is provided at the bottom of the transparent isolation cover. An annular plate is slidably connected in the annular groove. Several spring rods are connected between the annular plate and the top wall of the annular groove. A sealing gasket is connected to the bottom of the annular plate. A turbidity sensor is installed on the top of the transparent isolation cover. The turbidity sensor is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system; The transparent isolation cover is made of transparent material, and the sealing gasket is made of elastic material.

[0015] This invention provides an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining method, based on the aforementioned environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining apparatus, comprising the following steps: S1: The vessel moves to the corresponding sea area for mining, and the equipment is lifted into the seabed to the location where mining is required by the crane; S2: The pressure of the seawater is obtained through the water pressure sensor and the information is transmitted to the central intelligent control system. The central intelligent control system judges whether the adjustment base has reached the seabed mining position by judging the pressure obtained by the water pressure sensor, and compares the pressure obtained by each water pressure sensor. If the difference between the pressures of the water pressure sensors exceeds the set threshold, it indicates that the adjustment base is tilted. The adjustment base is leveled by controlling the extension and retraction of the retractable legs. If the difference does not exceed the set threshold, it indicates that the adjustment base is horizontal. The strength of the seabed clay layer is obtained by the pore pressure sensor and transmitted to the central intelligent control system. The central intelligent control system controls the stirring motor to carry out corresponding mining operations based on the obtained strength of the seabed clay layer. By controlling the extension of the position adjustment electric cylinder, the displacement encoder obtains the extension amount of the position adjustment electric cylinder and transmits it to the central intelligent control system. In conjunction with the strength data of the seabed clay layer collected by the pore pressure sensor, the corresponding clay collection range is calculated. The distance between the adaptive stirring head and the position adjustment electric cylinder is obtained by the laser ranging sensor and transmitted to the central intelligent control system. The central intelligent control system determines the mining depth based on the obtained distance information. S3: By controlling the start of the stirring motor, the gear shaft rotates, which in turn rotates the stirring gear, thereby rotating the outer and inner annular racks. The rotation of the outer annular rack rotates the adaptive stirring head, which in turn rotates the flexible stirring blades to scrape the clay towards the center of the adaptive stirring head. The rotation of the inner annular rack rotates the conical stirring head mounting shaft, which in turn rotates the inner stirring fan blades, which in turn rotate the inner conical stirring head, thereby sucking the clay into the inner stirring head mounting cylinder. The inner stirring head mounting rod cuts the sucked-in clay, and the rotation of the inner conical stirring head stirs and breaks it up, preventing the formation of a stagnant water zone in the central area, which would prevent the clay from being collected. S4: The central intelligent control system controls the start of the shipboard extraction main pump and the subsea booster pump. The subsea booster pump extracts the slurry entering the suction port and into the flexible suction pipe. The shipboard extraction main pump extracts the slurry entering the flexible suction pipe and discharges it into the slurry storage pool for collection through the outlet of the shipboard extraction main pump. The speed of the shipboard extraction main pump and the subsea booster pump is adjusted according to the concentration of the extracted slurry to ensure the extraction of slurry. S5: The central intelligent control system controls the high-pressure water pump to start, drawing seawater into the high-pressure water chamber. The seawater is then sprayed out through the high-pressure nozzle to crush the hard lumps in the slurry entering the suction port. The gear shaft rotates, driving the crushing gear to rotate, which in turn drives the crushing ring rack to rotate, thereby driving the high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket to rotate, which in turn drives the high-pressure nozzle to rotate for crushing, improving the crushing efficiency. The liquid level sensor acquires the water level information in the high-pressure water chamber. When the water level is lower than a preset threshold, the information is transmitted to the central intelligent control system. The central intelligent control system controls the high-pressure water pump to replenish water, always maintaining sufficient water pressure in the high-pressure water chamber. S6: The slurry drawn into the suction port moves upwards, driving the auxiliary cutting fan blades to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating ring to rotate. The rotation of the auxiliary cutting fan blades further cuts the slurry, making it easier to extract. The filter screen filters out hard lumps in the slurry. The filtered hard lumps are crushed by the high-pressure nozzle. The rotating shaft of the conical stirring head drives the cleaning rod to rotate, which in turn drives the cleaning brush mounting base to rotate, which in turn drives the cleaning brush to rotate, scraping off the adhering substances on the filter screen to prevent clogging. S7: The central intelligent control system controls the extension of the lifting electric push rod, thereby driving the booster pump mounting housing to move downward, thereby controlling the mining depth; S8: The transparent isolation cover isolates the internal environment from the external environment during mining. The turbidity sensor collects the turbidity of the seawater inside the transparent isolation cover in real time and transmits it to the central intelligent control system. The central intelligent control system controls the stirring motor to adjust the mining speed.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Highly efficient mining, significantly improving resource recovery rate and operational continuity. This invention employs an internal and external differential speed adaptive mixing mechanism. The outer pot-shaped adaptive mixing head drives the flexible mixing blades to rotate, smoothly scraping the surrounding clay slurry towards the central area. The inner rigid conical mixing head rotates at a differential speed with the outer mixing head, forcibly mixing and crushing the central slurry through a spiral guide groove and wedge-shaped mixing blades, completely eliminating the "dead water zone" problem of traditional equipment. Combined with a coaxially driven high-pressure rotary crushing mechanism (sharing a power source with the mixing motor, requiring no additional energy consumption), slurry kinetic energy-driven auxiliary cutting blades, and a dual-pump collaborative suction system, it achieves integrated and highly efficient operation of "scraping-crushing-cutting-suction".

[0017] 2. Energy-saving and environmentally friendly, minimizing ecological disturbance: This invention comprehensively coats the stirring blades, the inner wall of the suction port, and the inner surface of the flexible suction pipe with a nano-hydrophobic coating, reducing the adhesion rate of soft mud to the metal surface by ≥80%, significantly reducing conveying resistance and pump energy consumption. Flexible stirring blades replace traditional rigid cutters, and combined with dynamic parameter adjustment technology based on pore pressure sensors, only the energy required for crushing and conveying the slurry is provided, reducing unnecessary energy consumption. Simultaneously, this invention features a spring-adaptive sealing transparent isolation cover. Through dual elastic compensation of springs and spring rods, the sealing gasket remains tightly fitted to the seabed surface, completely isolating the mining operation area from external seawater. Combined with closed-loop control using a turbidity sensor, the operation intensity is automatically reduced when the turbidity inside the isolation cover exceeds the standard, strictly controlling the range of seabed ecological disturbance within 1 meter outside the operation area, greatly reducing damage to the seabed sediment and marine life, and fully complying with marine environmental protection requirements.

[0018] 3. Intelligent Adaptation for Automated Optimization Across All Operating Conditions: This invention constructs a central intelligent control system integrating multiple sensors. Through real-time acquisition of operating condition information via water pressure sensors, pore pressure sensors, laser rangefinders, turbidity sensors, and slurry concentration sensors, it achieves multi-dimensional adaptive adjustment. 4. Adaptive control of mineral layer hardness based on pore pressure sensor: The speed of stirring motor and suction pump is automatically matched according to the strength of seabed clay layer, which can be accurately adapted to three different types of mineral layers with different characteristics: loose, medium and hard. 5. Dual-pump coordinated control based on slurry concentration: Real-time adjustment of the speed of the ship's main extraction pump and the subsea booster pump to maintain the optimal slurry delivery concentration and avoid blockage and energy waste. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0020] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first orientation of an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second orientation of an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a third-dimensional structural diagram of an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a second partial structure of an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a second partial cross-sectional view of an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the third part of an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to the present invention. Figure 9 for Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Hull, 2-Onboard power distribution module, 3-Central intelligent control system, 4-Slurry storage moon pool, 5-Main pump mounting plate, 6-Onboard extraction main pump, 7-Flexible suction pipe, 8-Adjustable base, 9-Fixed cylinder, 10-Position adjustment electric cylinder, 11-Transparent isolation cover, 12-Adaptive stirring head, 13-Retractable outrigger, 14-Water pressure sensor, 15-Retractable outrigger mounting base, 16-Lifting electric push rod, 17-High-pressure water pump, 18-Fixed plate, 19-Turbidity sensor, 20-Guide rod, 21-Spring, 22-Booster pump mounting housing, 23-Laser rangefinder sensor, 25-Displacement encoder, 26-Pore pressure sensor, 27-Sealing gasket, 29-Subsea booster pump, 30-Extension pipe, 31-Spiral guide channel, 32-Suction port, 33-Spring rod. 34-Annular groove, 35-Annular plate, 36-Liquid level sensor, 37-Water replenishment channel, 38-High-pressure water chamber, 39-High-pressure nozzle, 40-Rotating ring, 41-Auxiliary cutting fan blade, 42-Filter screen, 43-Cleaning brush, 44-Cleaning brush mounting base, 45-Cleaning rod, 46-Outer annular rack, 47-Outer annular rack mounting groove, 48-Inner stirring head mounting cylinder, 49-Inner stirring head mounting rod, 50-Inner stirring fan blade, 51-Conical stirring head mounting shaft, 52-Inner annular rack, 53-Inner conical stirring head, 54-High-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket, 55-Gear shaft, 56-Stirring gear, 57-Crushing gear, 58-Stirring motor, 59-Crushing annular rack, 60-Crushing gear cavity, 61-Flexible stirring blade, 62-Pore pressure sensor mounting base. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1, as Figure 1-9 As shown, this embodiment provides an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device, including a hull 1. An extraction mechanism is connected to the hull 1 for extracting the mined clay slurry. A support mechanism is connected to the lower part of the extraction mechanism for supporting the adjusting base 8 to ensure stability during mining. A lifting mechanism is connected to the support mechanism for driving the mining mechanism to move up and down. The mining mechanism is connected to the lower part of the lifting mechanism for performing seabed mining. The mining mechanism includes a suction port 32, with an adaptive stirring head 12 rotatably connected to the lower outer side of the suction port 32. The adaptive stirring head 12 has an outer annular rack mounting groove 47 at its top, and an outer annular rack 46 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the outer annular rack mounting groove 47. The outer annular rack 46 meshes with a stirring gear 56, which is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of a gear shaft 55. The gear shaft 55 is rotatably mounted on the suction port 32 and is poweredly connected to a stirring motor 58 installed inside the suction port 32. The gear shaft 55 meshes with an inner annular rack 52. 2. Rotatably mounted on the inner stirring head mounting cylinder 48, the inner stirring head mounting cylinder 48 is fixedly mounted at the lower inlet position of the suction port 32, a plurality of inner stirring head mounting rods 49 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the inner annular rack 52, a conical stirring head mounting shaft 51 is fixedly connected to the end of the inner stirring head mounting rod 49, an inner conical stirring head 53 is connected to the lower part of the conical stirring head mounting shaft 51, a plurality of inner stirring fan blades 50 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the conical stirring head mounting shaft 51, and a plurality of flexible stirring blades 61 are connected to the lower part of the adaptive stirring head 12, the adaptive stirring head 12 is pot lid shaped; The inner stirring head mounting cylinder 48 is provided with an annular groove for mounting the inner annular rack 52, and the annular groove is machined with a meshing port for the inner annular rack 52 to mesh with the stirring gear 56. The outer surface of the inner conical stirring head 53 is provided with several spiral guide grooves; The inner stirring fan blade 50 is a rigid spiral blade, and its edge is machined into a wedge shape; The flexible stirring blades 61 are spaced apart and gradually increase towards the center height of the adaptive stirring head 12. The flexible stirring blades 61 have a certain angle in the rotation tangential direction of the adaptive stirring head 12, and the angle is 30 degrees, to ensure that the sludge concentrates towards the center during rotation. The stirring motor 58 is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system 3 installed on the hull 1. The hull 1 is equipped with a ship power distribution module 2, and the ship power distribution module 2 is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system 3. During operation, the stirring motor 58 is started, which drives the gear shaft 55 to rotate, thereby driving the stirring gear 56 to rotate. The stirring gear 56 meshes with the outer annular rack 46, driving the adaptive stirring head 12 to rotate. The stirring gear 56 meshes with the inner annular rack 52, driving the crushing annular rack 59 to rotate, thereby driving the conical stirring head mounting shaft 51 to rotate. The adaptive stirring head 12 and the conical stirring head mounting shaft 51 achieve differential rotation. When the adaptive stirring head 12 rotates, it drives the flexible stirring blades 61 to rotate, mining the seabed clay and pushing the mined clay towards the center position of the adaptive stirring head 12. The conical stirring head mounting shaft 51 rotates. This causes the inner conical stirring head 53 to rotate, mining the dead water zone at the center of the adaptive stirring head 12 to prevent the center from being unmined and affecting further mining. The rotation of the conical stirring head mounting shaft 51 drives the inner stirring fan blades 50 to rotate, drawing the slurry from the center of the adaptive stirring head 12 into the inner stirring head mounting cylinder 48. The rotation of the inner stirring fan blades 50 cuts the clay entering the inner stirring head mounting cylinder 48 to prevent excessive clay clumping, which would affect extraction. Furthermore, due to the differential rotation between the adaptive stirring head 12 and the conical stirring head mounting shaft 51, the slurry in the adaptive stirring head 12 can be quickly extracted, preventing accumulation.

[0024] Advantageously, the extraction mechanism includes a slurry storage moon pool 4 provided on the hull 1, a main pump mounting plate 5 fixedly installed on the end wall of the slurry storage moon pool 4, a shipboard extraction main pump 6 installed on the main pump mounting plate 5, a flexible suction pipe 7 connected to one end of the shipboard extraction main pump 6, the other end of the flexible suction pipe 7 connected to the adjusting base 8, a booster pump mounting shell 22 fixedly installed on the top of the suction port 32, and a seabed booster pump 29 installed inside the booster pump mounting shell 22; The flexible suction pipe 7 is equipped with a spiral flow guiding channel; The subsea booster pump 29 and the shipboard extraction main pump 6 are electrically connected to the central intelligent control system 3. During operation, the subsea booster pump 29 and the shipboard extraction main pump 6 are started. The subsea booster pump 29 extracts the mined slurry, which enters the suction port 32 through the inner stirring head mounting cylinder 48, and then enters the flexible suction pipe 7 through the adjusting base 8. The shipboard extraction main pump 6 extracts the slurry entering the flexible suction pipe 7. The spiral guide channel 31 increases the flow rate of the slurry in the flexible suction pipe 7. A slurry concentration sensor is connected to the outlet of the shipboard extraction main pump 6 to detect the slurry concentration in real time and transmit the signal to the intermediate pump. The central intelligent control system 3 controls and adjusts the ship's main extraction pump 6 and the subsea booster pump 29. Based on the acquired concentration information, it determines whether there is a blockage in the flexible suction pipe 7. When the concentration is detected to be lower than a preset threshold, it indicates that a blockage has occurred. This causes the outlet of the ship's main extraction pump 6 to be connected to the water pumping pipe on the hull 1, causing the ship's main extraction pump 6 to start in reverse to pump water into the flexible suction pipe 7. At the same time, the subsea booster pump 29 rotates forward at low speed, forming a composite flushing effect of "reverse high pressure + forward disturbance" to improve cleaning efficiency.

[0025] Advantageously, a high-pressure crushing mechanism is connected to the suction port 32. The high-pressure crushing mechanism includes a high-pressure water chamber 38 provided inside the suction port 32. A high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket 54 is rotatably connected to the end wall of the high-pressure water chamber 38. A crushing gear cavity 60 is provided inside the suction port 32. A gear shaft 55 passes through the crushing gear cavity 60. A crushing gear 57 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the gear shaft 55. The crushing gear 57 meshes with a crushing annular rack 59. The crushing annular rack 59 is rotatably mounted on the high-pressure... On the bottom wall of the water chamber 38, a plurality of high-pressure nozzles 39 are installed on the high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket 54. The outlet of the high-pressure nozzles 39 extends into the suction port 32. The high-pressure nozzles 39 communicate with the inside of the high-pressure water chamber 38. A liquid level sensor 36 is fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the high-pressure water chamber 38. A plurality of water replenishment channels 37 are connected to one end of one side of the top wall of the high-pressure water chamber 38. The other end of the water replenishment channels 37 is connected to the high-pressure water pump 17. The high-pressure water pump 17 is installed on the top of the booster pump mounting housing 22. The liquid level sensor 36, the high-pressure water pump 17, and the central intelligent control system 3 are electrically connected. The high-pressure nozzle 39 array is provided in multiple groups, and each group is provided with several high-pressure nozzles 39 at equal vertical intervals. During operation, the high-pressure water pump 17 is activated to pump water. Water enters the water replenishment channel 37 through the high-pressure water pump 17 and then enters the high-pressure nozzle 39. Multiple high-pressure water pumps 17 supply water, ensuring rapid replenishment of the water in the high-pressure water chamber 38 and guaranteeing the efficiency of high-pressure crushing and cutting. The gear shaft 55 rotates, thereby driving the crushing gear 57 to rotate. The crushing gear 57 meshes with the crushing ring rack 59, thereby driving the high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket 54 to rotate, which in turn drives the high-pressure nozzle 39 to rotate. Water in the water chamber 38 is sprayed out through the high-pressure nozzle 39 and into the suction port 32 to break up lumps and hard blocks in the slurry, preventing them from affecting extraction. The rotation of multiple high-pressure nozzles 39 improves the breaking efficiency and eliminates dead zones in the breaking process. The liquid level sensor 36 monitors the water level in the high-pressure water chamber 38 in real time. If the water level is below the threshold, a signal is sent to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 then controls the high-pressure water pump 17 to start, rapidly replenishing water in the high-pressure water chamber 38 to ensure sufficient water pressure at all times.

[0026] Advantageously, the support mechanism includes the adjusting base 8, on which a plurality of position adjusting electric cylinders 10 are arrayed and installed on the side wall of the adjusting base 8. The piston rod of the position adjusting electric cylinder 10 is fixedly connected to a telescopic support leg mounting seat 15. A telescopic support leg 13 is installed on the telescopic support leg mounting seat 15. A pore pressure sensor mounting seat 62 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the piston rod of the telescopic support leg 13. A pore pressure sensor 26 is installed at the lower part of the pore pressure sensor mounting seat 62. A displacement encoder 25 is connected between the cylinder body of the position adjusting electric cylinder 10 and the telescopic support leg mounting seat 15. A laser rangefinder sensor 23 is installed on the position adjusting electric cylinder 10. A water pressure sensor 14 is installed on the outside of the telescopic support leg mounting seat 15. The laser rangefinder 23, the water pressure sensor 14, the displacement encoder 25 are connected to the pore pressure sensor 26 and the central intelligent control system 3 via signal connections. During operation, the water pressure sensor 14 acquires the seawater pressure and transmits the information to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 determines whether the adjusting base 8 has reached the seabed mining position by judging the pressure acquired by the water pressure sensor 14. It compares the pressure acquired by each water pressure sensor 14. If the difference between the pressures of the water pressure sensors 14 exceeds a set threshold, it indicates that the adjusting base 8 is tilted. The system then controls the extension and retraction of the retractable support legs 13 to level the adjusting base 8. If the difference does not exceed the set threshold, it indicates that the adjusting base 8 is horizontal. The pore pressure sensor... The stirring motor 58 contacts the seabed clay layer, presses against it to obtain the strength of the seabed clay layer, and transmits the information to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 controls and adjusts the stirring motor 58 according to the obtained strength of the seabed clay layer, adjusting it to the corresponding speed to perform the corresponding mining movement. The central intelligent control system 3 controls the extension of the position adjustment electric cylinder 10, and the displacement encoder 25 obtains the extension amount of the position adjustment electric cylinder 10 and transmits it to the central intelligent control system 3. In addition, in conjunction with the strength data of the seabed clay layer collected by the pore pressure sensor 26, the corresponding clay collection range is calculated to facilitate subsequent mining. The distance between the adaptive stirring head 12 and the position adjustment electric cylinder 10 is obtained by the laser rangefinder 23 and transmitted to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 determines the mining depth based on the obtained distance information.

[0027] Advantageously, the lifting mechanism includes a fixed cylinder 9 installed at the lower part of the adjusting base 8, an extension tube 30 is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder 9, the lower end of the extension tube 30 is fixedly connected to the booster pump mounting housing 22, and a plurality of lifting electric push rods 16 are connected between the booster pump mounting housing 22 and the adjusting base 8. The lifting electric push rod 16 is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system 3; During operation, the central intelligent control system 3 controls the extension of the lifting electric push rod 16, thereby driving the booster pump mounting housing 22 to move downward, which in turn causes the extension pipe 30 to slide downward within the fixed cylinder 9. The downward movement of the booster pump mounting housing 22 allows for adjustment of the mining depth.

[0028] Advantageously, the suction port 32 is provided with an auxiliary extraction mechanism, which includes a plurality of rotating rings 40 arranged in an upper and lower array within the suction port 32. Auxiliary cutting fan blades 41 are arranged in a circumferential array on the rotating rings 40. A filter screen 42 is installed at the lower part of the rotating rings 40 on the lower side, and the filter screen 42 is located on the upper side of the high-pressure nozzle 39. A cleaning rod 45 is fixedly installed at the top of the conical stirring head mounting shaft 51. A cleaning brush mounting seat 44 is fixedly installed at the top of the cleaning rod 45. A plurality of cleaning brushes 43 are installed on the cleaning brush mounting seat 44, and the cleaning brushes 43 are in contact with the filter screen 42. The auxiliary cutting fan blade 41 is a rigid helical blade with its edges machined into a wedge shape; During operation, the slurry drawn into the suction port 32 moves upwards, causing the auxiliary cutting fan blades 41 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating ring 40 to rotate. The rotation of the auxiliary cutting fan blades 41 further cuts the slurry, facilitating better extraction. The filter screen 42 filters out hard lumps in the slurry. The filtered hard lumps are then crushed by the high-pressure nozzle 39. The conical stirring head mounting shaft 51 rotates, thereby driving the cleaning rod 45 to rotate, which in turn drives the cleaning brush mounting base 44 to rotate, which in turn drives the cleaning brush 43 to rotate, scraping away the adhering substances on the filter screen 42 to prevent clogging.

[0029] Advantageously, an anti-diffusion mechanism is provided on the outside of the suction port 32. The anti-diffusion mechanism includes a transparent isolation cover 11 slidably connected to the outside of the suction port 32. Several guide rods 20 are fixedly connected to the top of the transparent isolation cover 11. The guide rods 20 are slidably connected to a fixing plate 18. The fixing plate 18 is fixedly installed on the outside of the booster pump mounting shell 22. A spring 21 is connected between the transparent isolation cover 11 and the fixing plate 18, and the spring 21 is sleeved on the outer surface of the guide rods 20. An annular groove 34 is provided at the lower part of the transparent isolation cover 11. An annular plate 35 is slidably connected in the annular groove 34. Several spring rods 33 are connected between the annular plate 35 and the top wall of the annular groove 34. A sealing gasket 27 is connected to the lower part of the annular plate 35. A turbidity sensor 19 is installed on the top of the transparent isolation cover 11. The turbidity sensor 19 is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system 3; The transparent isolation cover 11 is made of transparent material, and the sealing gasket 27 is made of elastic material; During operation, the transparent isolation cover 11 isolates the internal and external environments during mining. Due to the downward force of the spring 21 and the spring rod 33, the sealing gasket 27 always remains in contact with the seabed surface, ensuring good isolation and preventing disturbances during mining from affecting the seabed environment. The turbidity sensor 19 collects the turbidity of the seawater inside the transparent isolation cover 11 in real time and transmits it to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 controls the stirring motor 58 to adjust the mining speed.

[0030] Example 2: This embodiment provides an environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining method, based on the aforementioned environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining apparatus, comprising the following steps: S1: The vessel 1 moves to the corresponding sea area for mining and uses a crane to lift the device into the seabed where mining is required. S2: The pressure of the seawater is obtained through the water pressure sensor 14 and the information is transmitted to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 judges whether the adjustment base 8 has reached the seabed mining position by judging the pressure obtained by the water pressure sensor 14, and compares the pressure obtained by each water pressure sensor 14. When the difference between the pressures of the water pressure sensors 14 exceeds the set threshold, it indicates that the adjustment base 8 is tilted. The adjustment base 8 is leveled by controlling the extension and retraction of the retractable support leg 13. If the difference does not exceed the set threshold, it indicates that the adjustment base 8 is horizontal. The strength of the seabed clay layer is obtained by the pore pressure sensor 26 and transmitted to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 controls the stirring motor 58 to carry out corresponding mining operations based on the obtained strength of the seabed clay layer. By controlling the extension of the position adjustment electric cylinder 10, the displacement encoder 25 obtains the extension amount of the position adjustment electric cylinder 10 and transmits it to the central intelligent control system 3. In conjunction with the strength data of the seabed clay layer collected by the pore pressure sensor 26, the corresponding clay collection range is calculated. The distance between the adaptive stirring head 12 and the position adjustment electric cylinder 10 is obtained by the laser range sensor 23 and transmitted to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 determines the mining depth based on the obtained distance information. Automatic leveling specifically includes: Four water pressure sensors detect the water pressure at each of the four outriggers. , , , ; Calculate water pressure difference ; when > If the tilt is detected, the leveling procedure will be initiated: Find the outrigger with the highest water pressure and shorten its distance accordingly; Wait 2 seconds and then retest the water pressure. Repeat the above steps. until ≤ Leveling is complete, with a leveling accuracy of ≤0.5°; In the formula, The set threshold; Determining mining depth specifically includes: The laser rangefinder (23) measures its vertical distance to the seabed surface in real time. Combined with the extension length of the lifting electric push rod (16) Calculate the actual mining depth : ; in The fixed distance from the laser rangefinder to the bottom of the adaptive stirring head when the electric lifting push rod is fully retracted; When D reaches the preset ore layer thickness, the lifting electric push rod stops moving downward. Pore ​​pressure adaptive stirring control specifically includes: When the pore pressure P < 50 kPa (loose soft clay, moisture content > 65%): the stirring motor speed n = 50 rpm, the ship's main pump speed is 1160 rpm, and the subsea booster pump speed is 1160 rpm. When 50kPa≤P<150kPa (medium hardness clay, moisture content 50%-65%): the stirring motor speed n=100rpm, the ship's main pump speed is 1450rpm, and the subsea booster pump speed is 1450rpm. When P≥150kPa (hard clay, moisture content<50%): the stirring motor speed n=150rpm, the ship's main pump speed is 1740rpm, and the subsea booster pump speed is 1740rpm. S3: By controlling the start of the stirring motor 58, the gear shaft 55 is driven to rotate, which in turn drives the stirring gear 56 to rotate, thereby driving the outer annular rack 46 and the inner annular rack 52 to rotate. The rotation of the outer annular rack 46 drives the adaptive stirring head 12 to rotate, which in turn drives the flexible stirring blades 61 to rotate and scrape the clay towards the center of the adaptive stirring head 12. The rotation of the inner annular rack 52 drives the conical stirring head mounting shaft 51 to rotate, which in turn drives the inner stirring fan blades 50 to rotate, thereby driving the inner conical stirring head 53 to rotate, thereby sucking the clay into the inner stirring head mounting cylinder 48. The inner stirring head mounting rod 49 cuts the sucked-in clay, and the rotation of the inner conical stirring head 53 stirs and breaks it up, preventing the formation of a stagnant water zone in the central area, which would prevent the clay from being collected. S4: The central intelligent control system 3 controls the start of the shipboard extraction main pump 6 and the subsea booster pump 29. The subsea booster pump 29 extracts the slurry entering the suction port 32 and into the flexible suction pipe 7. The shipboard extraction main pump 6 extracts the slurry entering the flexible suction pipe 7 and discharges it into the slurry storage pool 4 through the outlet of the shipboard extraction main pump 6 for collection. The speed of the shipboard extraction main pump 6 and the subsea booster pump 29 is adjusted according to the concentration of the extracted slurry to ensure the extraction of slurry. The adaptive dual-pump control for slurry concentration specifically includes: An ultrasonic slurry concentration meter was installed on the outlet pipe of the main pump (6) on the ship to monitor the slurry concentration C in real time. When C < 20% (concentration too low): increase the speed of the ship's main pump by 20%, the speed of the subsea booster pump by 15%, and the speed of the stirring motor by 10%. When 20%≤C≤40% (optimal concentration range): maintain the current rotation speed (1450rpm for the shipboard main pump and 1450rpm for the subsea booster pump). When C > 40% (too high concentration, prone to clogging): reduce the speed of the ship's main pump by 20%, reduce the speed of the subsea booster pump by 15%, and increase the speed of the stirring motor by 15%; S5: The central intelligent control system 3 controls the high-pressure water pump 17 to start, drawing seawater into the high-pressure water chamber 38. The seawater is then sprayed out through the high-pressure nozzle 39 to crush the hard lumps in the slurry entering the suction port 32. The gear shaft 55 rotates, driving the crushing gear 57 to rotate, which in turn drives the crushing ring rack 59 to rotate, thereby driving the high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket 54 to rotate, which in turn drives the high-pressure nozzle 39 to rotate for crushing, improving the crushing efficiency. The liquid level sensor 36 acquires the water level information in the high-pressure water chamber 38. When the water level is lower than a preset threshold, the information is transmitted to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 controls the high-pressure water pump 17 to replenish water, always maintaining sufficient water pressure in the high-pressure water chamber 38. S6: The slurry drawn into the suction port 32 moves upwards, driving the auxiliary cutting fan blade 41 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating ring 40 to rotate. The rotation of the auxiliary cutting fan blade 41 further cuts the slurry, making it easier to extract. The filter screen 42 filters out hard lumps in the slurry. The filtered hard lumps are crushed by the high-pressure nozzle 39. The conical stirring head mounting shaft 51 rotates, which drives the cleaning rod 45 to rotate, which in turn drives the cleaning brush mounting base 44 to rotate, which in turn drives the cleaning brush 43 to rotate, scraping off the adhering substances on the filter screen 42 to prevent clogging. S7: The central intelligent control system 3 controls the extension of the lifting electric push rod 16, thereby driving the booster pump mounting housing 22 to move downward, thereby controlling the mining depth; S8: The transparent isolation cover 11 isolates the internal environment from the external environment during mining. The turbidity sensor 19 collects the turbidity of the seawater inside the transparent isolation cover 11 in real time and transmits it to the central intelligent control system 3. The central intelligent control system 3 controls the stirring motor 58 to adjust the mining speed. Turbidity environmental adaptive control specifically includes: When turbidity T < 100 NTU (meets environmental protection requirements): maintain the current stirring speed. When 100NTU≤T<500NTU (slightly exceeding the limit): reduce the stirring speed by 20%, and reduce the speed of the ship's main extraction pump and the subsea booster pump by 10%; When T≥500NTU (severely exceeding the standard): reduce the stirring speed by 50%, reduce the speed of the ship's main pump and the subsea booster pump by 30%, suspend mining for 30 seconds, and resume operations after the turbidity decreases. Environmental control has a higher priority than mining efficiency control.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0032] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device, characterized in that: Includes a hull (1), on which an extraction mechanism is connected, a support mechanism is connected to the lower part of the extraction mechanism, a lifting mechanism is connected to the support mechanism, and a mining mechanism is connected to the lower part of the lifting mechanism; The mining mechanism includes a suction port (32), and an adaptive stirring head (12) is rotatably connected to the lower outer side of the suction port (32). The adaptive stirring head (12) has an outer annular rack mounting groove (47) on its top. An outer annular rack (46) is fixedly connected to the end wall of the outer annular rack mounting groove (47). The outer annular rack (46) meshes with a stirring gear (56). The stirring gear (56) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of a gear shaft (55). The gear shaft (55) is rotatably mounted on the suction port (32) and is poweredly connected to a stirring motor (58) installed in the suction port (32). The gear shaft (55) meshes with the inner annular rack (52). The inner annular rack (52) is rotatably mounted on the inner stirring head mounting cylinder (48), and the inner stirring head mounting cylinder (48) is fixedly mounted at the lower inlet position of the suction port (32). Several inner stirring head mounting rods (49) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the inner annular rack (52). A conical stirring head mounting shaft (51) is fixedly connected to the end of the inner stirring head mounting rod (49). An inner conical stirring head (53) is connected to the lower part of the conical stirring head mounting shaft (51). Several inner stirring fan blades (50) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the conical stirring head mounting shaft (51). Several flexible stirring blades (61) are connected to the lower part of the adaptive stirring head (12). The stirring motor (58) is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system (3) installed on the hull (1). The hull (1) is equipped with a ship power distribution module (2), and the ship power distribution module (2) is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system (3).

2. The environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner stirring head mounting cylinder (48) is provided with an annular groove for mounting the inner annular rack (52), and the annular groove is machined with a meshing port for the inner annular rack (52) to mesh with the stirring gear (56). The outer surface of the inner conical stirring head (53) is provided with several spiral guide grooves; The inner stirring fan blade (50) is a rigid spiral blade, and its edge is processed into a wedge shape; The flexible stirring blades (61) are spaced apart and gradually increase towards the center height of the adaptive stirring head (12). The flexible stirring blades (61) have a certain angle in the rotational tangential direction of the adaptive stirring head (12).

3. The environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extraction mechanism includes a slurry storage moon pool (4) provided on the hull (1), a main pump mounting plate (5) fixedly installed on the end wall of the slurry storage moon pool (4), a ship extraction main pump (6) installed on the main pump mounting plate (5), a flexible suction pipe (7) connected to one end of the ship extraction main pump (6), the other end of the flexible suction pipe (7) connected to the adjustment base (8), a booster pump mounting shell (22) fixedly installed on the top of the suction port (32), and a seabed booster pump (29) installed inside the booster pump mounting shell (22); The flexible suction pipe (7) is provided with a spiral guide channel; The subsea booster pump (29), the shipboard extraction main pump (6), and the central intelligent control system (3) are electrically connected.

4. The environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A high-pressure crushing mechanism is connected to the suction port (32). The high-pressure crushing mechanism includes a high-pressure water chamber (38) provided inside the suction port (32). A high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket (54) is rotatably connected to the end wall of the high-pressure water chamber (38). A crushing gear cavity (60) is provided inside the suction port (32). The gear shaft (55) passes through the crushing gear cavity (60). A crushing gear (57) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the gear shaft (55). The crushing gear (57) meshes with a crushing annular rack (59). The crushing annular rack (59) is rotatably mounted in the high-pressure water chamber (32). 38) On the bottom wall, a number of high-pressure nozzles (39) are installed on the high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket (54). The outlet of the high-pressure nozzle (39) extends into the suction port (32). The high-pressure nozzle (39) communicates with the high-pressure water chamber (38). A liquid level sensor (36) is fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the high-pressure water chamber (38). A number of water replenishment channels (37) are connected to one end of the top wall of the high-pressure water chamber (38). The other end of the water replenishment channels (37) is connected to the high-pressure water pump (17). The high-pressure water pump (17) is installed on the top of the booster pump mounting shell (22). The liquid level sensor (36), the high-pressure water pump (17), and the central intelligent control system (3) are electrically connected; The high-pressure nozzle (39) array is provided in multiple groups, and each group is provided with several high-pressure nozzles (39) at equal intervals.

5. The environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support mechanism includes the adjustment base (8), and a plurality of position adjustment electric cylinders (10) are arrayed on the side wall of the adjustment base (8). The piston rod of the position adjustment electric cylinder (10) is fixedly connected to a telescopic support leg mounting seat (15). A telescopic support leg (13) is installed on the telescopic support leg mounting seat (15). A pore pressure sensor mounting seat (62) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the piston rod of the telescopic support leg (13). A pore pressure sensor (26) is installed at the lower part of the pore pressure sensor mounting seat (62). A displacement encoder (25) is connected between the cylinder body of the position adjustment electric cylinder (10) and the telescopic support leg mounting seat (15). A laser rangefinder sensor (23) is installed on the position adjustment electric cylinder (10). A water pressure sensor (14) is installed on the outside of the telescopic support leg mounting seat (15). The laser rangefinder (23), the water pressure sensor (14), the displacement encoder (25) are connected to the pore pressure sensor (26) and the central intelligent control system (3).

6. The environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a fixed cylinder (9) installed at the lower part of the adjusting base (8), an extension tube (30) is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder (9), and the booster pump mounting shell (22) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the extension tube (30). Several lifting electric push rods (16) are connected between the booster pump mounting shell (22) and the adjusting base (8). The lifting electric push rod (16) is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system (3).

7. The environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: An auxiliary extraction mechanism is provided inside the suction port (32). The auxiliary extraction mechanism includes several rotating rings (40) arranged in an upper and lower array inside the suction port (32). An auxiliary cutting fan blade (41) is arranged in a circular array on the rotating ring (40). A filter screen (42) is installed at the lower part of the rotating ring (40) on the lower side. The filter screen (42) is located on the upper side of the high-pressure nozzle (39). A cleaning rod (45) is fixedly installed on the top of the conical stirring head mounting shaft (51). A cleaning brush mounting seat (44) is fixedly installed on the top of the cleaning rod (45). Several cleaning brushes (43) are installed on the cleaning brush mounting seat (44). The cleaning brushes (43) are in contact with the filter screen (42). The auxiliary cutting fan blade (41) is a rigid helical blade with its edges machined into a wedge shape.

8. The environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining device according to claim 7, characterized in that: An anti-diffusion mechanism is provided on the outside of the suction port (32). The anti-diffusion mechanism includes a transparent isolation cover (11) that is slidably connected to the outside of the suction port (32). Several guide rods (20) are fixedly connected to the top of the transparent isolation cover (11). The guide rods (20) are slidably connected to the fixing plate (18). The fixing plate (18) is fixedly installed on the outside of the booster pump mounting shell (22). A spring (21) is connected between the transparent isolation cover (11) and the fixing plate (18). The spring (21) is sleeved on the outer surface of the guide rods (20). An annular groove (34) is provided at the bottom of the transparent isolation cover (11). An annular plate (35) is slidably connected in the annular groove (34). Several spring rods (33) are connected between the annular plate (35) and the top wall of the annular groove (34). A sealing gasket (27) is connected to the bottom of the annular plate (35). A turbidity sensor (19) is installed on the top of the transparent isolation cover (11). The turbidity sensor (19) is electrically connected to the central intelligent control system (3); The transparent shield (11) is made of transparent material, and the sealing gasket (27) is made of elastic material.

9. An environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining method, based on the environmentally friendly shallow-sea clay mining apparatus described in claim 8, characterized in that: step include: S1: The hull (1) moves to the corresponding sea area for mining and uses a crane to lift the device into the seabed where mining is required; S2: The pressure of seawater is obtained through the water pressure sensor (14), and the information is transmitted to the central intelligent control system (3). The central intelligent control system (3) judges whether the adjustment base (8) has reached the seabed mining position by judging the pressure obtained by the water pressure sensor (14), and compares the pressure obtained by each water pressure sensor (14). When the difference between the pressures of the water pressure sensors (14) exceeds the set threshold, it indicates that the adjustment base (8) is tilted. The adjustment base (8) is leveled by controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic support leg (13). If the difference does not exceed the set threshold, it indicates that the adjustment base (8) is horizontal. The strength of the seabed clay layer is obtained by the pore pressure sensor (26), and the information is transmitted to the central intelligent control system (3). The central intelligent control system (3) controls the stirring motor (58) according to the strength of the seabed clay layer to carry out the corresponding mining movement. By controlling the extension of the position adjustment electric cylinder (10), the displacement encoder (25) obtains the extension amount of the position adjustment electric cylinder (10), transmits it to the central intelligent control system (3), and calculates the corresponding clay collection range in conjunction with the strength data of the seabed clay layer collected by the pore pressure sensor (26). The distance between the adaptive stirring head (12) and the position adjustment electric cylinder (10) is obtained by the laser rangefinder (23) and transmitted to the central intelligent control system (3). The central intelligent control system (3) determines the mining depth based on the obtained distance information. S3: By controlling the start of the stirring motor (58), the gear shaft (55) is driven to rotate, which in turn drives the stirring gear (56) to rotate, thereby driving the outer annular rack (46) and the inner annular rack (52) to rotate. The rotation of the outer annular rack (46) drives the adaptive stirring head (12) to rotate, thereby driving the flexible stirring blade (61) to rotate and scrape the clay toward the center of the adaptive stirring head (12). The rotation of the inner annular rack (52) drives the conical stirring head mounting shaft (51) to rotate, thereby driving the inner stirring fan blade (50) to rotate, thereby driving the inner conical stirring head (53) to rotate, thereby sucking the clay into the inner stirring head mounting cylinder (48). The inner stirring head mounting rod (49) cuts the sucked clay, and the rotation of the inner conical stirring head (53) stirs and breaks it up, preventing the formation of a stagnant water zone in the central area, which would prevent the clay from being collected. S4: The central intelligent control system (3) controls the start of the shipboard extraction main pump (6) and the seabed booster pump (29). The seabed booster pump (29) extracts the slurry that enters the suction port (32) and enters the flexible suction pipe (7). The shipboard extraction main pump (6) extracts the slurry that enters the flexible suction pipe (7) and discharges it through the outlet of the shipboard extraction main pump (6) into the slurry storage pool (4) for collection. The speed of the shipboard extraction main pump (6) and the seabed booster pump (29) is adjusted according to the concentration of the extracted slurry to ensure the extraction of slurry. S5: The high-pressure water pump (17) is started by the central intelligent control system (3) to draw seawater into the high-pressure water chamber (38) and spray it out through the high-pressure nozzle (39) to crush the hard blocks in the slurry that enter the suction port (32). The gear shaft (55) rotates, which drives the crushing gear (57) to rotate, thereby driving the crushing ring rack (59) to rotate, thereby driving the high-pressure crushing nozzle mounting bracket (54) to rotate, thereby driving the high-pressure nozzle (39) to rotate for crushing, which improves the crushing efficiency. The liquid level sensor (36) acquires the water level information in the high-pressure water chamber (38). When the water level is lower than the preset threshold, it transmits the information to the central intelligent control system (3). The central intelligent control system (3) controls the high-pressure water pump (17) to replenish water and always maintain sufficient water pressure in the high-pressure water chamber (38). S6: When the slurry is drawn into the suction port (32) and moves upward, it drives the auxiliary cutting fan blade (41) to rotate, thereby driving the rotating ring (40) to rotate. The rotation of the auxiliary cutting fan blade (41) further cuts the slurry, making it easier to extract. The filter screen (42) filters the hard lumps in the slurry. The filtered hard lumps are crushed by the high-pressure nozzle (39). The conical stirring head mounting shaft (51) rotates, thereby driving the cleaning rod (45) to rotate, thereby driving the cleaning brush mounting seat (44) to rotate, thereby driving the cleaning brush (43) to rotate, scraping off the adhering substances on the filter screen (42) to prevent clogging. S7: The central intelligent control system (3) controls the extension of the lifting electric push rod (16), thereby driving the booster pump mounting housing (22) to move downward, thereby controlling the mining depth; S8: The transparent isolation cover (11) isolates the internal environment from the external environment during mining. The turbidity sensor (19) collects the turbidity of the seawater inside the transparent isolation cover (11) in real time and transmits it to the central intelligent control system (3). The central intelligent control system (3) controls the stirring motor (58) to adjust the mining speed.

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