A highway carbon emission full life cycle accounting system based on digital twinning

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of digital twinning, in particular to a highway carbon emission full life cycle accounting system based on digital twinning, which comprises a front-end interaction framework and a back-end accounting framework, the front-end interaction framework and the back-end accounting framework realize data bidirectional interaction through network communication, the front-end interaction framework is used for realizing the human-computer interaction functions of digital twinning visual display, carbon emission accounting data operation and platform management instruction issuing. The application realizes accurate carbon emission full life cycle accounting, solves the pain point of the incomprehensive traditional accounting range, realizes the deep fusion of digital twinning and carbon emission data, improves the visualized control level, realizes multi-module collaborative linkage, improves the accounting efficiency and the control standardization, provides standardized data support, guarantees the consistency of the accounting accuracy, simultaneously, helps the green development of highways, and the system can realize the input of carbon reduction measure data and the accurate accounting of carbon reduction amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of digital twin technology, specifically to a digital twin-based system for calculating the entire lifecycle of carbon emissions from highways. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon emissions from highways cover multiple stages, including the construction period (material production and transportation, construction machinery operation, etc.) and the operation period (vehicle traffic, facility energy consumption, etc.). They are characterized by numerous links, scattered data, complex accounting dimensions, and strong spatiotemporal correlations.

[0003] Currently, existing methods for carbon emission accounting on highways mostly rely on traditional manual statistics or single-stage accounting models, which have several shortcomings: First, the accounting scope is incomplete, making it difficult to achieve full life-cycle coverage from the construction period to the operation period, and easily leading to omissions or duplicate accounting of carbon emission data; second, the data correlation is poor, with accounting data disconnected from the actual scenarios and geographical locations of highway projects, failing to intuitively reflect the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions; third, the accounting accuracy is insufficient, lacking standardized basic data support and precise accounting algorithms, and each accounting module is independent, with data unable to be shared, resulting in significant deviations in the accounting results; fourth, the visualization level is low, with accounting results mostly presented in tabular and numerical forms, making it difficult to achieve linked display of data and engineering scenarios, which is not conducive to accurate carbon emission control and decision-making.

[0004] With the development of technology, digital twin technology, as a core technology for achieving accurate mapping and coordinated management between the physical and virtual worlds, has been gradually applied in the field of transportation engineering. However, there is currently no system or method that deeply integrates digital twin technology with the full life cycle accounting of carbon emissions for highways. This makes it difficult to effectively solve the pain points of the traditional accounting methods and meet the actual needs of refined and full-process management of carbon emissions for highways.

[0005] In summary, a digital twin-based lifecycle accounting system for highway carbon emissions needs to be proposed to address the aforementioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a digital twin-based system for calculating the entire life cycle of carbon emissions from highways, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention proposes a digital twin-based system for calculating the entire life cycle of carbon emissions from highways, comprising a front-end interaction framework and a back-end calculation framework, wherein the front-end interaction framework and the back-end calculation framework achieve bidirectional data interaction through network communication; The front-end interaction framework is used to realize human-computer interaction functions such as digital twin visualization, carbon emission accounting data operation, and platform management command issuance. The back-end accounting framework is used to realize the full-process accounting of carbon emissions during the construction and operation of highways, the integrated management of digital twin models and carbon emission data, the standardized management of accounting basic data, and the operation and control of all modules of the platform. The back-end accounting framework provides data support and command response services for the front-end interaction framework.

[0008] Preferably, the front-end interaction framework includes a digital twin 3D visualization module, a carbon emission accounting interaction module during the construction phase, a carbon emission accounting interaction module during the operation phase, and a platform management interaction module; The digital twin 3D visualization module is used for the 3D display of digital twin models of highway engineering, scene operation, and visualization mapping of carbon emission data. The construction period carbon emission accounting interaction module is used for the input of basic carbon emission data during the construction period, the filling in of construction plans and schedules, the configuration of carbon reduction measures, and the query of carbon emission statistical results. The operation period carbon emission accounting interaction module is used for maintaining basic carbon emission data during the operation period, collecting operation project data, entering carbon emission reduction data, and viewing operation carbon emission results. The platform management interaction module is used to configure organizational structure, user permissions, platform parameters, and view platform operation logs and monitoring data.

[0009] Preferably, the back-end accounting framework includes a digital twin fusion management module, a construction phase carbon emission accounting module, an operation phase carbon emission accounting module, a basic data management module, and a platform control module. The digital twin fusion management module, the construction phase carbon emission accounting module, the operation phase carbon emission accounting module, the basic data management module, and the platform control module achieve data interoperability and functional linkage through data interfaces. The digital twin fusion management module is used for the full-process management of digital twin projects in highway engineering and the fusion and association of digital twin models and carbon emission data; The carbon emission accounting module during the construction period is used for basic data management, schedule control, carbon reduction measure management, and multi-dimensional carbon emission statistics of carbon emissions during the construction period of highways. The carbon emission accounting module during the operation period is used for basic data maintenance, operation data collection, carbon emission reduction maintenance, and operation carbon emission accounting of highways during the operation period. The basic data management module is used to provide standardized basic data support for carbon emission accounting; The platform management module is used to achieve full-dimensional management of the system's organizational structure, resource permissions, and operational status.

[0010] Preferably, the digital twin fusion management module includes an engineering management unit, a model management unit, a scene management unit, and a data fusion unit; The engineering management unit is used for information maintenance, project overview configuration, and project milestone management for the highway digital twin project. The model management unit is used for the conversion, classification, georeferencing, version management, and model preview of digital twin models; The scene management unit is used for the classification configuration of digital twin scenes, scene data association, and scene roaming configuration; The data fusion unit is used to establish a spatiotemporal correlation between carbon emission accounting data and engineering nodes and geographical locations of the digital twin model, and to realize the linkage update of data and model.

[0011] Preferably, the carbon emission accounting module during the construction period includes a basic information unit for the construction period, a schedule management unit, a carbon reduction measures management unit, and a carbon emission statistics unit for the construction period. The construction period basic information unit is used to maintain basic data on construction period materials, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, energy consumption information, and carbon emission factor correlation; The project schedule management unit is used to maintain the construction plan during the construction period and to complete the progress reporting of carbon emission data according to the construction plan. The carbon reduction measures management unit is used to maintain relevant data on carbon reduction of materials and processes during the construction period and to calculate the amount of carbon reduction. The construction period carbon emission statistics unit is used to count the total carbon emissions and sub-items of carbon emissions during the construction period from multiple dimensions such as project, section, and construction node. The construction period carbon emission statistics unit is linked with the digital twin fusion management module to realize hierarchical matching of statistical data and engineering scenarios.

[0012] Preferably, the carbon emission accounting module during the operation period includes an operation period basic information unit, an operation project type unit, an operation data collection unit, and a carbon emission reduction maintenance unit; The basic information unit for the operation period is used to maintain basic data on vehicles, energy consumption, carbon neutrality, carbon reduction, and carbon emission factor correlation during the operation period. The operation project type unit is used to maintain information on the operation project types of highway sections, service areas, and toll stations during the operation period. The operational data acquisition unit is used to complete the reporting and calculation of carbon emission data during the operational period according to the type of operational project. The carbon emission reduction maintenance unit is used to maintain carbon reduction data of wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and greening during the operation period and calculate the total carbon reduction. The carbon emission reduction maintenance unit is linked with the digital twin fusion management module to achieve matching of carbon reduction data with the geographical location of emission reduction facilities.

[0013] Preferably, the basic data management module includes a unit of measurement management, a mechanical energy data unit, and a carbon emission factor library unit; The unit of measurement management is used to manage the addition, deletion, modification, query, activation, and deactivation of the units of measurement used in the system accounting. The mechanical energy data unit is used to maintain the energy consumption types and metering standard data of construction machinery and equipment. The carbon emission factor library unit is used to maintain the carbon emission factor data required for full life cycle accounting, realize the management of adding, deleting, modifying, querying, enabling and disabling factors, and provide unified carbon emission factor data support for the carbon emission accounting module during the construction period and the carbon emission accounting module during the operation period.

[0014] Preferably, the platform management module includes an organization management unit, a resource access control unit, a platform configuration unit, and a platform monitoring unit; The organizational structure management unit is used to realize the full-process management of the system's departments, users, and user groups; The resource permission management unit is used to configure system resource menus and role permissions, as well as associate roles with users and user groups. The platform configuration unit is used to implement the configuration management of the system data dictionary, workbench, API interface, and platform basic parameters; The platform monitoring unit is used to monitor and manage server operating status, scheduled tasks, user login logs, and system operation logs.

[0015] Preferably, the data fusion unit uses a spatiotemporal label mapping algorithm to configure a unique spatiotemporal label for each engineering node and geographical location of the digital twin model, and at the same time configures a corresponding spatiotemporal label for each carbon emission accounting data during the construction and operation periods. Through label matching, the carbon emission data and the digital twin model are accurately associated, and the associated data is rendered and displayed in real time in the digital twin 3D visualization module of the front-end interactive framework.

[0016] Preferably, the operation data collection unit collects and calculates vehicle carbon emissions and energy consumption carbon emissions data during the operation period according to the geographical location of road sections, service areas and toll stations based on the geographical scene division of the highway provided by the digital twin fusion management module. The calculation results are synchronized to the digital twin fusion management module, bound to the digital twin model of the corresponding geographical location, and displayed in the digital twin 3D visualization module of the front-end interactive framework.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention achieves accurate accounting of carbon emissions throughout their entire life cycle, solves the pain point of incomplete traditional accounting scope, realizes deep integration of digital twins and carbon emission data, improves the level of visualized management and control, realizes multi-module collaborative linkage, improves accounting efficiency and management standardization, provides standardized data support, ensures the consistency of accounting accuracy, and at the same time, helps the green development of highways. The system can realize the input of carbon reduction measure data and accurate accounting of carbon reduction. Combined with the visualized management and control function, it can clearly present the implementation effect of carbon reduction measures, provide data support for carbon reduction decision-making during the construction and operation phases of highways, and help the highway industry achieve refined carbon emission management and control. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The topology diagram of the highway carbon emission life cycle accounting system based on digital twins of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 The flowchart of the present invention, which is based on digital twins, is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 This invention proposes a digital twin-based system for calculating the carbon emissions of highways throughout their entire life cycle, comprising a front-end interaction framework and a back-end calculation framework. The front-end interaction framework and the back-end calculation framework achieve bidirectional data interaction through network communication. The front-end interaction framework is used to realize human-computer interaction functions such as digital twin visualization, carbon emission accounting data operation, and platform management command issuance; The back-end accounting framework is used to realize the full-process accounting of carbon emissions during the construction and operation of highways, the integrated management of digital twin models and carbon emission data, the standardized management of accounting basic data, and the operation and control of all modules of the platform. The back-end accounting framework provides data support and command response services for the front-end interaction framework.

[0021] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the front-end interaction framework includes a digital twin 3D visualization module, a carbon emission accounting interaction module during the construction period, a carbon emission accounting interaction module during the operation period, and a platform management interaction module. The digital twin 3D visualization module is used for the 3D display of digital twin models of highway engineering, scene operation, and visualization mapping of carbon emission data; The construction period carbon emission accounting interactive module is used for entering basic carbon emission data during the construction period, filling in construction plans and schedules, configuring carbon reduction measures, and querying carbon emission statistical results. The interactive module for carbon emission accounting during the operation period is used for maintaining basic carbon emission data during the operation period, collecting operational project data, entering carbon emission reduction data, and viewing operational carbon emission results. The platform management interaction module is used to configure organizational structure, user permissions, platform parameters, and view platform operation logs and monitoring data.

[0022] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the backend accounting framework includes a digital twin fusion management module, a construction phase carbon emission accounting module, an operation phase carbon emission accounting module, a basic data management module, and a platform control module. The digital twin fusion management module, the construction phase carbon emission accounting module, the operation phase carbon emission accounting module, the basic data management module, and the platform control module achieve data interoperability and functional linkage through data interfaces. The digital twin fusion management module is used for the full-process management of digital twin projects in highway engineering and the fusion and correlation of digital twin models and carbon emission data; The carbon emission accounting module during the construction period is used for basic data management, schedule control, carbon reduction measure management, and multi-dimensional carbon emission statistics for carbon emissions during the construction period of highways. The carbon emission accounting module during the operation period is used for basic data maintenance, operation data collection, carbon emission reduction maintenance, and operation carbon emission accounting of highways during the operation period. The basic data management module is used to provide standardized basic data support for carbon emission accounting; The platform management module is used to achieve full-dimensional management of the system's organizational structure, resource permissions, and operational status.

[0023] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the digital twin fusion management module includes an engineering management unit, a model management unit, a scene management unit, and a data fusion unit; The project management unit is used for information maintenance, project overview configuration, and project milestone management in the highway digital twin project. The model management unit is used for the conversion, classification, georeferencing, version management, and model preview of digital twin models; The scene management unit is used for the classification configuration of digital twin scenes, scene data association, and scene roaming configuration; The data fusion unit is used to establish a spatiotemporal correlation between carbon emission accounting data and engineering nodes and geographical locations of the digital twin model, and to achieve linked updates of data and model.

[0024] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the carbon emission accounting module during the construction period includes a basic information unit for the construction period, a schedule management unit, a carbon reduction measures management unit, and a carbon emission statistics unit for the construction period. The construction phase basic information unit is used to maintain basic data on construction phase materials, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, energy consumption information, and carbon emission factor correlation; The project schedule management unit is used to maintain the construction schedule during the construction period and to complete the progress reporting of carbon emission data according to the construction schedule. The carbon reduction measures management unit is used to maintain relevant data on carbon reduction of materials and processes during the construction period and to calculate the amount of carbon reduction. The carbon emission statistics unit during the construction period is used to calculate the total carbon emissions and sub-items of carbon emissions during the construction period from multiple dimensions such as project, section, and construction node. The carbon emission statistics unit during the construction period is linked with the digital twin fusion management module to achieve hierarchical matching of statistical data and engineering scenarios.

[0025] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the carbon emission accounting module during the operation period includes a basic information unit for the operation period, a project type unit for operation, an operation data collection unit, and a carbon emission reduction maintenance unit. The basic information unit for the operation period is used to maintain basic data on vehicles, energy consumption, carbon neutrality, carbon reduction, and carbon emission factor correlations during the operation period. The Operation Project Type unit is used to maintain information on the operation project types of highway sections, service areas, and toll stations during the operation period. The operational data acquisition unit is used to complete the reporting and calculation of carbon emission data during the operational period according to the type of operational project. The carbon emission reduction maintenance unit is used to maintain carbon reduction data of wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and greening during the operation period and calculate the total carbon reduction. The carbon emission reduction maintenance unit is linked with the digital twin fusion management module to achieve matching of carbon reduction data with the geographical location of emission reduction facilities.

[0026] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the basic data management module includes a unit of measurement management, a mechanical energy data unit, and a carbon emission factor library unit. The unit of measurement management is used to manage the addition, deletion, modification, query, activation, and deactivation of the units of measurement used in the system accounting. The mechanical energy data unit is used to maintain data on the energy consumption types and metering standards of construction machinery and equipment. The carbon emission factor library unit is used to maintain the carbon emission factor data required for full life cycle accounting, realize the management of adding, deleting, modifying, querying, enabling and disabling factors, and provide unified carbon emission factor data support for the carbon emission accounting module during the construction period and the carbon emission accounting module during the operation period.

[0027] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the platform management module includes an organization management unit, a resource permission management unit, a platform configuration unit, and a platform monitoring unit. The organizational structure management unit is used to achieve full-process management of the system's departments, users, and user groups; The resource permission management unit is used to configure system resource menus and role permissions, as well as associate roles with users and user groups; The platform configuration unit is used to manage the configuration of the system data dictionary, workbench, API interfaces, and basic platform parameters. The platform monitoring unit is used to monitor and manage server operating status, scheduled tasks, user login logs, and system operation logs.

[0028] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the data fusion unit uses a spatiotemporal label mapping algorithm to configure a unique spatiotemporal label for each engineering node and geographical location of the digital twin model. At the same time, it configures a corresponding spatiotemporal label for each carbon emission accounting data during the construction and operation periods. Through label matching, the carbon emission data and the digital twin model are accurately associated. The associated data is then rendered and displayed in real time in the digital twin 3D visualization module of the front-end interactive framework.

[0029] In this embodiment, it should also be noted that the operation data collection unit collects and calculates vehicle carbon emissions and energy consumption carbon emissions data during the operation period according to the geographical locations of road sections, service areas, and toll stations based on the highway geographical scene division provided by the digital twin fusion management module. The calculation results are synchronized to the digital twin fusion management module, bound to the digital twin model of the corresponding geographical location, and displayed in the digital twin 3D visualization module of the front-end interactive framework.

[0030] Example 2, please refer to Figure 2 In practical applications, this embodiment provides a method for calculating the entire life cycle of carbon emissions from highways based on digital twins. This method is applied to the aforementioned digital twin-based highway carbon emission life cycle accounting system to achieve accurate calculation of the entire life cycle of highway carbon emissions. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: System Initialization Configuration: The system's basic parameters are configured through the platform configuration unit of the platform management module, and the standardized entry and maintenance of basic accounting data are completed through the various units of the basic data management module, specifically including: The unit of measurement management enters and enables all units of measurement required for system accounting, including units of mass (kg, t), units of energy consumption (kW·h, L), and units of length (km), and completes the standardized association of units of measurement. The mechanical energy data unit inputs the models, energy consumption types, and metering standards of all construction machinery and equipment during the highway construction period and all energy-consuming equipment during the operation period, establishing a one-to-one correspondence between equipment and energy consumption types. The carbon emission factor library unit enters all carbon emission factors required for full life cycle accounting, including carbon emission factors of construction materials, carbon emission factors of mechanical equipment energy consumption, and carbon emission factors of transportation during the construction period; carbon emission factors of vehicles, carbon emission factors of energy-consuming equipment, and carbon emission factors of carbon reduction measures during the operation period. All factors are uniformly entered into the factor library and activated to provide unified data support for subsequent accounting. The platform's management module's organizational structure management unit and resource permission management unit configure departments, users, and user groups, and assign operation permissions to each user for the corresponding module, ensuring the security and standardization of data operations.

[0031] Step 2: Digital Twin Model Construction and Data Fusion: The digital twin fusion management module completes the construction of digital twin models, configuration of spatiotemporal labels, and fusion and association with carbon emission accounting data through its various units. The core functionality utilizes a spatiotemporal label mapping algorithm to achieve precise binding between data and models, specifically including: The model management unit imports highway design drawings and geographic information data, completes the conversion, classification and geographic registration of digital twin models, and constructs a three-dimensional digital twin model covering the entire highway section, construction nodes during the construction period, service areas and toll stations during the operation period. The model version is then fixed through the version management unit. The project management unit inputs information about the expressway digital twin project and project milestone nodes, and establishes a link between the milestone nodes and the construction nodes and operation points of the digital twin model; The scenario management unit configures construction scenarios during the construction period, road section scenarios during the operation period, service area scenarios, and toll station scenarios according to the functional division of the expressway, and completes the association configuration between each scenario and the corresponding area of ​​the digital twin model; The data fusion unit uses a spatiotemporal label mapping algorithm to assign a unique spatiotemporal label to each engineering node and geographical location in the digital twin model. Simultaneously, it assigns a corresponding spatiotemporal label to each carbon emission data point generated in subsequent calculations, enabling linked updates between the data and the model, as shown in the following formula: ; In the formula: : The unique spatiotemporal label of the i-th geographic / engineering node and the j-th type of data (carbon emission data / equipment data), in the form of a four-dimensional vector, is used to achieve accurate matching between data and model nodes; The three-dimensional spatial coordinates (X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis) of the i-th geographic / engineering node are obtained from the georegistration data of the digital twin model, which accurately locates the node's position in three-dimensional space. : Time stamp, using timestamp format (accurate to the second), is used to distinguish accounting data at different time points and realize full lifecycle time-series management; : Data type coefficient, a constant, used to distinguish different types of data, including carbon emission data during the construction period. Carbon emission data during operation Carbon reduction data This ensures the uniqueness and identifiability of the labels; The data fusion unit synchronizes the configured spatiotemporal-labeled digital twin model data to the digital twin 3D visualization module of the front-end interactive framework to complete the initial rendering and display of the model.

[0032] Step 3: Carbon Emission Accounting During Construction: Through the coordinated operation of various units in the carbon emission accounting module during the construction period, and in conjunction with the carbon emission factors provided by the basic data management module, carbon emission accounting for each construction node and each section during the construction period is completed. The core includes itemized carbon emission accounting and total emission accounting, involving two core algorithms. The specific steps are as follows: The construction period basic information unit receives the construction period material usage, number of construction machinery and equipment shifts, transportation mileage and transportation volume entered by the front-end construction period carbon emission accounting interaction module, and associates the corresponding factors in the carbon emission factor library unit to complete the verification and association of basic data. The planning and progress management unit receives the construction plan and progress data entered from the front end, associates the construction progress with the construction nodes and spatiotemporal tags of the digital twin model, and determines the calculation cycle of each construction node. Based on the aforementioned fundamental data, the carbon emission statistics unit for the construction period calculates carbon emissions from construction materials, energy consumption of machinery and equipment, and transportation separately, using a separate calculation algorithm. The expressions and explanations are as follows: Material carbon emission accounting algorithm: ; In the formula: Total carbon emissions from materials during the construction period (unit: tCO2); : The types and quantities of materials used during the construction period (positive integers), such as asphalt, cement, sand and gravel, etc. The total amount of material k (in tons) is entered and verified by the basic information unit during the construction period. : The carbon emission factor of the k-th material (unit: tCO2 / t), retrieved from the carbon emission factor library unit, is a standardized fixed value; Calculation algorithm for energy consumption and carbon emissions of mechanical equipment: ; In the formula: Total carbon emissions from mechanical equipment energy consumption during the construction period (unit: tCO2); : The number of sets of construction machinery and equipment used during the construction period (positive integer); The total number of work shifts for the p-th piece of machinery (unit: shifts) is entered by the basic information unit during the construction period. The average energy consumption of the pth mechanical equipment per shift (unit: kW·h / shift or L / shift) is provided by the mechanical energy data unit. The carbon emission factor (unit: tCO2 / (kW·h) or tCO2 / L) corresponding to the energy type of the p-th piece of machinery is retrieved from the carbon emission factor library unit; Transportation carbon emission accounting algorithm: ; In the formula: Total carbon emissions from transportation during the construction period (unit: tCO2); : The number of transportation tasks (positive integer), with the transportation of each type of material / equipment considered as an independent transportation task; : The transport volume of the qth transport task (unit: t); : The transportation distance of the qth transportation task (unit: km); : Carbon emission factor of the transport vehicle used in the qth transport task (unit: tCO2 / (t·km)), retrieved from the carbon emission factor library unit; The carbon reduction measures management unit receives data on carbon reduction of materials and processes during the construction period from the front end, and calculates the total carbon reduction during the construction period as follows: ; In the formula: Total carbon reduction during the construction period (unit: tCO2); : The number of carbon reduction measures adopted during the construction period (positive integer); : Estimated carbon emissions (unit: tCO2) when the uth carbon reduction measure is not adopted, calculated based on conventional process / material accounting methods; The actual carbon emissions (unit: tCO2) after adopting the uth carbon reduction measure are calculated based on the sub-item accounting algorithm. The net total carbon emissions during the construction period are calculated using the following formula: ; In the formula: Net total carbon emissions during the construction period (unit: tCO2); These are the carbon emissions calculated for materials, mechanical equipment energy consumption, and transportation, respectively. The total carbon reduction during the construction period, as calculated. During the construction period, the carbon emission statistics unit will link the calculated sub-item carbon emission amount and net total with the data fusion unit of the digital twin fusion management module, configure corresponding spatiotemporal tags for each calculation result, and synchronize them to the corresponding construction node of the digital twin model to complete the association and binding of data and model.

[0033] Step 4: Carbon Emissions Accounting During Operation: Through the coordinated operation of various units in the carbon emission accounting module during the operation period, and in conjunction with the carbon emission factors provided by the basic data management module, carbon emission accounting for each road segment, service area, and toll station during the operation period is completed. The core of this process includes operational energy consumption carbon emission accounting, vehicle carbon emission accounting, and carbon reduction accounting, involving two core algorithms. The specific steps are as follows: The basic information unit during the operation period receives energy consumption data and vehicle traffic data during the operation period from the front-end carbon emission accounting interaction module during the operation period, associates them with the corresponding factors in the carbon emission factor library unit, and completes the verification and association of the basic data. The operation project type is divided into operation period accounting units, including each road section, service area and toll station. Each accounting unit is associated with the corresponding geographical location and spatiotemporal label of the digital twin model. Based on the geographical scene division provided by the digital twin fusion management module, the operation data collection unit collects vehicle carbon emission and energy consumption carbon emission data for each accounting unit during the operation period. Based on the collected data, it completes the sub-item accounting, as shown in the following formula: Energy consumption and carbon emission accounting algorithm during operation: ; In the formula: Total carbon emissions from energy consumption during operation (unit: tCO2); : The number of energy-consuming devices during the operation period (positive integer), including toll station charging equipment, service area lighting equipment, road monitoring equipment, etc. The cycle energy consumption (unit: kW·h) of the wth energy-consuming device is collected by the operation data acquisition unit for each household. : The carbon emission factor (unit: tCO2 / (kW·h)) corresponding to the energy type of the wth energy-consuming device, retrieved from the carbon emission factor library unit; Carbon emission accounting algorithm for vehicles during operation: ; In the formula: Total carbon emissions from vehicles during operation (unit: tCO2); : The number of vehicle types allowed during the operation period (positive integer), including small passenger cars, large trucks, medium-sized passenger cars, etc. The periodic passage number of vehicles of type i (unit: vehicles) is collected by the operation data collection unit by segment and household; : The average mileage of vehicles of type i (unit: km / vehicle), calculated based on the length of highway sections and traffic data; : Carbon emission factor of vehicle type i (unit: tCO2 / (km·vehicle)), retrieved from carbon emission factor library unit; The carbon emission reduction maintenance unit receives data on carbon reduction measures during the operation period from the front end, including the power generation of wind power and photovoltaic power, green area and growth cycle, and calculates the total carbon reduction during the operation period as follows: ; In the formula: Total carbon reduction during operation (unit: tCO2); : The number (positive integer) of renewable energy equipment (wind power, photovoltaic power generation equipment) during the operation period; : Cycle power generation of the xth renewable energy device (unit: kW·h); : The carbon emission factor of the xth renewable energy device corresponding to conventional energy (unit: tCO2 / (kW·h)), that is, the carbon emission factor reduced by replacing conventional energy; : Number of green areas during the operation period (positive integer); Area of ​​the y-th green area (unit: m) 2); : Cyclic growth time of the y-th green area (unit: a); : Periodic carbon sequestration factor per unit area of ​​vegetation in the y-th greening area (unit: tCO2 / (m²)) 2 •a)), retrieved from the carbon emission factor library unit; The carbon emission accounting module during the operation period calculates the net total carbon emissions during the operation period, as shown in the following formula: ; In the formula: Net total carbon emissions during operation (unit: tCO2); These are the energy consumption and vehicle carbon emissions calculated in the above steps, respectively. Total carbon reductions during the operational period; The operational data acquisition unit synchronizes the calculated sub-item carbon emissions and net total emissions to the data fusion unit of the digital twin fusion management module, assigns a corresponding spatiotemporal label to each calculation result, and binds it to the corresponding operational location of the digital twin model to achieve linkage updates between data and model.

[0034] Step 5: Linked display and control of accounting results: By linking the front-end interaction framework with the back-end accounting framework, the visualization, querying, and control of accounting results are achieved, specifically including: The digital twin fusion management module synchronizes the digital twin model bound to carbon emission accounting data to the digital twin 3D visualization module of the front-end interactive framework, realizing real-time rendering and display of accounting data. Clicking on any node in the model allows you to view the corresponding node's sub-item carbon emission data, net total data, and time series change data. The front-end carbon emission accounting interaction module during the construction phase and the carbon emission accounting interaction module during the operation phase respectively display the accounting results of the corresponding stages, and support querying and filtering by project, section, road segment, and cycle; The platform monitoring unit of the platform management module monitors the operating status of each module in real time, monitors the input, transmission and accounting process of accounting data, and records all operation logs; at the same time, it controls the viewing and modification permissions of accounting data through the resource permission management unit to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with. When anomalies are found in the accounting data, the platform monitoring unit issues an alert and simultaneously activates the corresponding accounting module, prompting the user to verify the basic data and carbon emission factors to ensure the accuracy of the accounting results.

[0035] The above steps are executed in a coordinated manner. Through data exchange and functional collaboration among the various modules, accurate accounting of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of highway construction and operation is achieved. The accounting results are deeply integrated with the digital twin model, providing data support for the management and control of highway carbon emissions.

[0036] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A digital twin-based system for the full life-cycle accounting of carbon emissions from highways, characterized in that, include: A front-end interaction framework and a back-end accounting framework, wherein the front-end interaction framework and the back-end accounting framework achieve bidirectional data interaction through network communication; The front-end interaction framework is used to realize human-computer interaction functions such as digital twin visualization, carbon emission accounting data operation, and platform management command issuance. The back-end accounting framework is used to realize the full-process accounting of carbon emissions during the construction and operation of highways, the integrated management of digital twin models and carbon emission data, the standardized management of accounting basic data, and the operation and control of all modules of the platform. The back-end accounting framework provides data support and command response services for the front-end interaction framework.

2. The highway carbon emission lifecycle accounting system based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front-end interaction framework includes a digital twin 3D visualization module, a carbon emission accounting interaction module during the construction phase, a carbon emission accounting interaction module during the operation phase, and a platform management interaction module. The digital twin 3D visualization module is used for the 3D display of digital twin models of highway engineering, scene operation, and visualization mapping of carbon emission data. The construction period carbon emission accounting interaction module is used for the input of basic carbon emission data during the construction period, the filling in of construction plans and schedules, the configuration of carbon reduction measures, and the query of carbon emission statistical results. The operation period carbon emission accounting interaction module is used for maintaining basic carbon emission data during the operation period, collecting operation project data, entering carbon emission reduction data, and viewing operation carbon emission results. The platform management interaction module is used to configure organizational structure, user permissions, platform parameters, and view platform operation logs and monitoring data.

3. The highway carbon emission lifecycle accounting system based on digital twins according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backend accounting framework includes a digital twin fusion management module, a construction phase carbon emission accounting module, an operation phase carbon emission accounting module, a basic data management module, and a platform control module. The digital twin fusion management module, the construction phase carbon emission accounting module, the operation phase carbon emission accounting module, the basic data management module, and the platform control module achieve data interoperability and functional linkage through data interfaces. The digital twin fusion management module is used for the full-process management of digital twin projects in highway engineering and the fusion and association of digital twin models and carbon emission data; The carbon emission accounting module during the construction period is used for basic data management, schedule control, carbon reduction measure management, and multi-dimensional carbon emission statistics of carbon emissions during the construction period of highways. The carbon emission accounting module during the operation period is used for basic data maintenance, operation data collection, carbon emission reduction maintenance, and operation carbon emission accounting of highways during the operation period. The basic data management module is used to provide standardized basic data support for carbon emission accounting; The platform management module is used to achieve full-dimensional management of the system's organizational structure, resource permissions, and operational status.

4. The highway carbon emission lifecycle accounting system based on digital twins according to claim 3, characterized in that, The digital twin fusion management module includes an engineering management unit, a model management unit, a scene management unit, and a data fusion unit; The engineering management unit is used for information maintenance, project overview configuration, and project milestone management for the highway digital twin project. The model management unit is used for the conversion, classification, georeferencing, version management, and model preview of digital twin models; The scene management unit is used for the classification configuration of digital twin scenes, scene data association, and scene roaming configuration; The data fusion unit is used to establish a spatiotemporal correlation between carbon emission accounting data and engineering nodes and geographical locations of the digital twin model, and to realize the linkage update of data and model.

5. The highway carbon emission lifecycle accounting system based on digital twins according to claim 3, characterized in that, The carbon emission accounting module during the construction period includes a basic information unit for the construction period, a schedule management unit, a carbon reduction measures management unit, and a carbon emission statistics unit for the construction period. The construction period basic information unit is used to maintain basic data on construction period materials, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, energy consumption information, and carbon emission factor correlation; The project schedule management unit is used to maintain the construction plan during the construction period and to complete the progress reporting of carbon emission data according to the construction plan. The carbon reduction measures management unit is used to maintain relevant data on carbon reduction of materials and processes during the construction period and to calculate the amount of carbon reduction. The construction period carbon emission statistics unit is used to count the total carbon emissions and sub-items of carbon emissions during the construction period from multiple dimensions such as project, section, and construction node. The construction period carbon emission statistics unit is linked with the digital twin fusion management module to realize hierarchical matching of statistical data and engineering scenarios.

6. The highway carbon emission lifecycle accounting system based on digital twins according to claim 3, characterized in that, The carbon emission accounting module during the operation period includes a basic information unit for the operation period, a unit for operation project types, a unit for operation data collection, and a unit for carbon emission reduction maintenance. The basic information unit for the operation period is used to maintain basic data on vehicles, energy consumption, carbon neutrality, carbon reduction, and carbon emission factor correlation during the operation period. The operation project type unit is used to maintain information on the operation project types of highway sections, service areas, and toll stations during the operation period. The operational data acquisition unit is used to complete the reporting and calculation of carbon emission data during the operational period according to the type of operational project. The carbon emission reduction maintenance unit is used to maintain carbon reduction data of wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and greening during the operation period and calculate the total carbon reduction. The carbon emission reduction maintenance unit is linked with the digital twin fusion management module to achieve matching of carbon reduction data with the geographical location of emission reduction facilities.

7. The highway carbon emission lifecycle accounting system based on digital twins according to claim 3, characterized in that, The basic data management module includes a unit of measurement management, a mechanical energy data unit, and a carbon emission factor library unit. The unit of measurement management is used to manage the addition, deletion, modification, query, activation, and deactivation of the units of measurement used in the system accounting. The mechanical energy data unit is used to maintain the energy consumption types and metering standard data of construction machinery and equipment. The carbon emission factor library unit is used to maintain the carbon emission factor data required for full life cycle accounting, realize the management of adding, deleting, modifying, querying, enabling and disabling factors, and provide unified carbon emission factor data support for the carbon emission accounting module during the construction period and the carbon emission accounting module during the operation period.

8. The highway carbon emission lifecycle accounting system based on digital twins according to claim 3, characterized in that, The platform management module includes an organization management unit, a resource access control unit, a platform configuration unit, and a platform monitoring unit. The organizational structure management unit is used to realize the full-process management of the system's departments, users, and user groups; The resource permission management unit is used to configure system resource menus and role permissions, as well as associate roles with users and user groups. The platform configuration unit is used to implement the configuration management of the system data dictionary, workbench, API interface, and platform basic parameters; The platform monitoring unit is used to monitor and manage server operating status, scheduled tasks, user login logs, and system operation logs.

9. The highway carbon emission lifecycle accounting system based on digital twins according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data fusion unit uses a spatiotemporal label mapping algorithm to assign a unique spatiotemporal label to each engineering node and geographical location of the digital twin model. At the same time, it assigns a corresponding spatiotemporal label to each carbon emission accounting data during the construction and operation phases. Through label matching, it achieves accurate association between carbon emission data and the digital twin model. The associated data is then rendered and displayed in real time in the digital twin 3D visualization module of the front-end interactive framework.

10. The highway carbon emission lifecycle accounting system based on digital twins according to claim 6, characterized in that, The operation data collection unit, based on the highway geographical scene division provided by the digital twin fusion management module, collects and calculates vehicle carbon emissions and energy consumption carbon emissions data during the operation period by geographical location of road segment, service area, and toll station. The calculation results are synchronized to the digital twin fusion management module, bound to the digital twin model of the corresponding geographical location, and displayed in a partitioned manner in the digital twin 3D visualization module of the front-end interactive framework.

Images