A one-loop initialization method integrating exhaust, water filling and constant volume
By constructing a comprehensive gas residue index and a water filling completion rate, a water filling and exhaust coordination index is generated, which solves the problem of inaccurate assessment during the initialization of the primary loop system of a nuclear power plant reactor, realizes real-time monitoring and early warning, and improves safety and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA STATE SHIPBUILDING CORP LTD RESEARCH INSTITUTE 719
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, during the initialization process of the primary loop system of a nuclear power plant reactor, there is a lack of integrated and quantitative objective indicators for assessing the thoroughness of venting and the integrity of water filling. The isolated analysis of multi-source monitoring parameters leads to the risk of process imbalance, and the level of automation and intelligence is insufficient, making it difficult to achieve precise control and early risk warning.
Two evaluation dimensions, namely the gas residue comprehensive index and the water filling completion rate, are constructed to generate the water filling and venting synergy index. Through quantitative standards, real-time monitoring and early warning are achieved, driving automatic conversion and operation optimization at each stage.
It enables real-time quantitative monitoring and early warning of water filling progress and air venting quality, significantly improving the safety, efficiency and standardization of the initialization process, and promoting the transformation to intelligent control.
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Figure CN122455419A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of primary loop initialization technology, specifically to a primary loop initialization method that integrates venting, water filling, and volume control. Background Technology
[0002] The initialization of the primary loop system of a nuclear power plant reactor, that is, the process of preparing from an empty state to a cold, full-water state after system maintenance or before the first startup, is a critical link related to subsequent nuclear safety and operational stability. Traditional initialization methods usually treat venting, water filling, and establishing pressurizer water level as a series of sequential or partially overlapping discrete operations. Therefore, a systematic method is needed that can deeply integrate venting quality, water filling progress, and system status, and generate comprehensive, quantifiable decision indices through multi-source data fusion, so as to achieve precise guidance, collaborative optimization, and early warning of the entire primary loop initialization process.
[0003] The prior art, disclosed in CN118299083A, describes a method for filling and venting the safety injection system (RIS) of a nuclear power plant. This method utilizes water from the primary loop as the filling water source, injecting water into the RIS system under gravity through the hot section water intake pipeline to increase the filling and venting speed. In this method, the water source for filling the RIS system is no longer provided by the IRWST (Intake and Storage System), but rather by water from the primary loop. Because the reactor core elevation is higher than the IRWST elevation, the water level in the primary loop is much higher than the IRWST level, allowing gravity-driven filling of the RIS system pipelines. When the primary loop water volume is sufficient, the pressure difference is enough to open the pipeline check valves, eliminating the need for temporary pumps to draw water from the IRWST to fill the downstream pipelines of the system check valves. Furthermore, the limited capacity of temporary pumps, coupled with the large diameter of the RIS system hot section water intake pipeline, significantly reduces the time required for filling and venting, saving critical paths during major overhauls and improving the economics of the nuclear power unit.
[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies lack integrated and quantifiable objective indicators for assessing core states such as complete venting and water filling integrity, making it difficult to accurately determine the safety endpoint. Secondly, multi-source monitoring parameters such as pressure, temperature, water level, and dissolved oxygen are often analyzed in isolation, failing to effectively characterize the dynamic synergistic relationship between water filling progress and venting quality, which can easily lead to process imbalance risks. Furthermore, the transitions between different operation stages heavily rely on human experience, resulting in insufficient automation and intelligence, leading to poor consistency in process control, delayed response, and difficulty in achieving early risk warnings.
[0005] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a one-loop initialization method integrating venting, water filling, and volume control to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. This invention constructs two major evaluation dimensions—a comprehensive gas residue index and a water filling completion rate—and ultimately merges them into a core indicator: a water filling and venting coordination index. This enables real-time quantitative monitoring and early warning of the matching status between water filling progress and venting quality. By defining a safety endpoint through quantitative standards, it further drives automatic conversion and operational optimization at each stage, thereby significantly improving efficiency and standardization while enhancing safety levels.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0008] A one-loop initialization method integrating venting, water filling, and volume control includes the following steps:
[0009] S1: Collect relevant characteristic data within the loop, including measured dissolved oxygen concentration, system temperature change rate, and system pressure change rate. Generate measured pressure rise value through system temperature change rate and system pressure change rate, and collect standard dissolved oxygen concentration value and theoretical pressure rise value.
[0010] S2: Preprocess the raw data of relevant feature data. The preprocessing includes standardization processes such as outlier cleaning, time synchronization alignment, unit conversion, and benchmark value verification. Generate a comprehensive gas residue index based on the preprocessed relevant feature data to quantitatively assess the thoroughness of non-condensable gas removal in the primary loop.
[0011] S3: Collect the state characteristic data of water flow during primary loop filling. The change characteristic data includes volume filling rate, water level achievement rate and gas partial pressure ratio. Preprocess the state characteristic data. The preprocessing includes outlier removal, timestamp synchronization and alignment, dimensional normalization and logical consistency verification.
[0012] S4: Generate the water filling completion rate based on the preprocessed state characteristic data. The water filling completion rate is an integrated quantitative evaluation of the quantity and quality of water filling during the first-loop water filling process.
[0013] S5: The progress data represented by the water filling completion rate and the quality data reflected by the gas residue comprehensive index are integrated in real time to generate a normalized synergistic quantification value, namely the water filling and venting synergistic index. The water filling and venting synergistic index continuously monitors and accurately quantifies the matching status of water filling and venting, and is used to warn of imbalance risks.
[0014] Furthermore, the measured pressure rise is calculated using the following formula:
[0015]
[0016] Where: Pa is the measured pressure rise; ΔP is the system pressure change rate; ΔT is the system temperature change rate;
[0017] The measured pressure rise represents the incremental change in system temperature and the corresponding incremental change in system pressure within a specific time window.
[0018] Furthermore, the preprocessing includes: outlier cleaning, which automatically identifies and removes outlier data points caused by instrument transient failures, signal interference, or transmission errors based on physical feasible range thresholds, correlation logic between process variables, and statistical distribution models; time synchronization alignment, which uses a high-precision clock synchronization protocol to assign a unified timestamp to all data streams and uses an interpolation algorithm to align asynchronously sampled data sequences to a common time reference, eliminating phase deviations caused by asynchronous sampling periods; unit conversion, which converts raw data from different subsystems with varying engineering units into unified SI values according to a preset internal calculation standard; and finally, reference value verification, which compares and corrects for offsets between sensor readings and theoretical design values or calibrated high-precision reference instrument readings at known stable operating points of the system, in order to eliminate system errors.
[0019] Furthermore, the comprehensive index of gas residue is calculated using the following formula:
[0020]
[0021] Where: Rg is the comprehensive index of gas residue;
[0022] Co represents the measured dissolved oxygen concentration;
[0023] Cl is the standard value for dissolved oxygen concentration;
[0024] Pa represents the measured pressure rise.
[0025] Pe represents the theoretical pressure rise value;
[0026] α is the pressure response deviation value, a dimensionless physical quantity used to reflect the sluggishness of the system pressure response to temperature changes. α is the weighting coefficient used to balance the contribution weights of chemical and physical terms in the total index.
[0027] Furthermore, the gas residue comprehensive index is a normalized quantitative indicator used to objectively and accurately assess the thoroughness and completeness of the removal of dissolved and free non-condensable gases during the initialization process of the reactor primary loop system. The gas residue comprehensive index transforms the originally multi-dimensional and heterogeneous monitoring information into a single, continuous scalar output, and the value directly represents the overall potential risk level of residual gases in the loop. The quantitative assessment results provide decision-making benchmarks for operators and automatic control systems to determine whether the water filling and venting phase has reached the safety endpoint.
[0028] Furthermore, the preprocessing includes: outlier removal, which uses statistical filtering algorithms to automatically identify and remove abnormal data points caused by signal interference or transmission errors based on the correlation logic rules between the physical feasible range threshold and process variables; timestamp synchronization and alignment, which uses a unified clock source to label multi-source asynchronous data streams and uses interpolation algorithms to resample them to the same time base to eliminate timing deviations; dimension normalization, which converts raw data with different engineering units into unified dimensionless standardized values or SI values; and logical consistency verification, which performs cross-dimensional logical consistency verification on multi-parameter data based on preset physical and engineering constraint rules, and identifies and marks contradictory data combinations.
[0029] Furthermore, the water filling completion rate is calculated using the following formula:
[0030]
[0031] Where: SH represents the water filling completion rate;
[0032] HD stands for water level achievement rate;
[0033] VD is the volume fill rate;
[0034] PD represents the partial pressure percentage of the gas.
[0035] 1-PD represents pressure purity, which is the proportion of saturated water vapor partial pressure in the vapor phase space of the primary circuit regulator to the total pressure; W1 and W2 are the weighting coefficients of water level achievement rate and pressure purity, respectively, and W1>W2, W1+W2=1.
[0036] Furthermore, the water filling completion rate is generated by integrating volume filling rate, water level achievement rate and pressure purity status characteristic data through an algorithm to provide a normalized progress value as a benchmark for judging the process health of operators and automatic control systems. When the water filling completion rate stagnates or the value does not match the expectations, it can provide early warning of potential problems and guide operators to intervene in advance.
[0037] Furthermore, the water filling and air venting synergy index is calculated using the following formula:
[0038]
[0039] Where: FVSI is the water filling and air venting synergy index;
[0040] α is the volume fill rate weighting index, used to adjust the nonlinearity of the impact of volume progress on synergy; β is the synergy weighting factor, used to balance the relative weights of water filling status and exhaust quality in synergy evaluation.
[0041] Furthermore, the water filling and exhaust synergy index dynamically integrates the volume filling rate, which characterizes the water filling process, and the gas residue index, which characterizes the exhaust quality, to generate a normalized synergy quantification value, continuously monitoring the matching status of the two strongly coupled processes of water filling and exhaust. The system can automatically identify different synergy stages in the initialization process, output optimized operation guidance strategies according to different synergy stages, adjust the water filling flow rate, switch the exhaust mode, and trigger the constant volume test. By using a preset index threshold as a criterion, it directly drives the safe and automatic conversion between each operation stage.
[0042] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by constructing core quantitative indicators such as the gas residue comprehensive index and water filling completion rate, the traditional state assessment relying on experience judgment is transformed into an objective and accurate digital measurement. At the same time, the progress and quality data are integrated in real time to generate a water filling and exhaust coordination index, realizing continuous monitoring and early warning of the matching status of the two processes, thereby turning risk response from passive to proactive. Using the quantitative index as a criterion, the safe and automatic conversion of each operation stage is driven, significantly improving the safety, efficiency and standardization of the initialization process, and promoting the fundamental transformation of this key operation towards intelligent control. Attached Figure Description
[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a one-loop initialization method integrating venting, water filling, and volume control according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0045] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0046] Example:
[0047] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution:
[0048] A one-loop initialization method integrating venting, water filling, and volume control includes the following steps:
[0049] S1: Real-time acquisition of key physical and chemical parameters during the primary loop initialization process as relevant characteristic data; the relevant characteristic data includes: the measured dissolved oxygen concentration obtained by the online chemical monitoring unit; the system temperature change rate obtained by real-time differential processing of temperature sensor network data; and the system pressure change rate obtained by real-time differential processing of pressure sensor data. The data processing core uses a specific algorithm model to correlate and calculate the synchronously acquired system pressure change rate and system temperature change rate to generate a measured pressure rise value characterizing the system's thermal response characteristics; simultaneously, the system integration module retrieves the legally mandated dissolved oxygen concentration standard value from the built-in standard database and calculates or retrieves the corresponding theoretical pressure rise value in real time from the simulation model built based on thermal-hydraulic principles, according to the current system state.
[0050] The measured pressure rise is calculated using the following formula:
[0051]
[0052] Where: Pa is the measured pressure rise; ΔP is the system pressure change rate; ΔT is the system temperature change rate.
[0053] S2: Preprocess the raw data of relevant feature data. The preprocessing includes: performing outlier cleaning. The system constructs multi-dimensional anomaly detection rules based on the feasible range thresholds of each physical parameter, the inherent correlation logic constraints between different process variables, and the statistical distribution model established based on historical data. By running this rule set in real time, outlier data points caused by sensor transient failure, on-site electromagnetic signal interference, or data communication link errors are automatically identified and removed to ensure the physical rationality and validity of the raw data.
[0054] Time synchronization alignment is implemented: For data streams from different independent acquisition units with different sampling periods, the system uses a high-precision network clock protocol to stamp all data packets with a unified timestamp; linear interpolation or spline interpolation algorithms are used to resample each asynchronous data sequence onto a common, higher-frequency time reference axis, thereby completely eliminating the phase asynchrony problem caused by acquisition time deviation and ensuring strict consistency of multiple parameters in the time dimension.
[0055] Complete unit conversion: The system has a built-in unit knowledge base and management module that automatically identifies the engineering unit information carried by each raw data. According to the preset internal calculation standard, all data with different unit systems are converted into unified International System of Units (SI) values, thus avoiding calculation errors and misjudgments caused by unit confusion at the source.
[0056] Reference value verification: At the system's confirmed stable operating point, the readings of relevant sensors are compared with known theoretical design values or measurements from reference instruments calibrated at a higher level. By collecting system errors and offsets and performing online compensation and correction on sensor readings, inherent system errors are eliminated, thereby improving the long-term accuracy and reliability of overall measurement data.
[0057] A comprehensive gas residue index is generated based on the preprocessed relevant characteristic data. The comprehensive gas residue index is calculated using the following formula:
[0058]
[0059] Where: Rg is the comprehensive index of gas residue;
[0060] Co represents the measured dissolved oxygen concentration;
[0061] Cl is the standard value for dissolved oxygen concentration;
[0062] Pa represents the measured pressure rise.
[0063] Pe represents the theoretical pressure rise value;
[0064] α is the pressure response deviation value, a dimensionless physical quantity that reflects the sluggishness of the system pressure response to temperature changes. α is a weighting coefficient used to balance the contribution weights of chemical and physical terms in the total index. The pressure response deviation value is positively related to Rg. When the pressure response deviation value increases, the value of Rg will also increase accordingly. It represents the normalized exceedance multiple of the measured dissolved oxygen concentration relative to the technical specification limit, and is a dimensionless quantitative indicator; Positive feedback on the value of Rg, when When the value of increases, the value of Rg will also increase accordingly.
[0065] The Gas Residue Composite Index provides an objective, accurate, and traceable quantitative characterization of the combined removal effect of dissolved and free non-condensable gases during the initialization process of the reactor primary loop system. This index integrates multi-dimensional, heterogeneous raw monitoring information from chemical monitoring systems and thermal physics experimental systems into a single, continuous scalar output value using a predetermined weighted fusion algorithm. This scalar value is typically regulated within a predefined range, and its magnitude is positively correlated with the total volume, partial pressure, or potential hazard of residual gases in the loop. This directly and intuitively quantifies the potential risk level caused by residual gases in the system under its current state.
[0066] The quantitative assessment results of the gas residue comprehensive index provide operators and automatic control systems with a digital decision-making benchmark that has clear physical meaning and can be rigorously verified. Based on the comparison between the real-time value of the gas residue comprehensive index and the preset multi-level thresholds, the system can automatically and accurately determine whether the water filling and venting stage has reached the safety endpoint required by the technical specifications, that is, whether the gas residue has been reduced to a level that allows the system to safely enter the subsequent heating and pressurization stage. Therefore, this index is a key technical feature for realizing the transformation and upgrading of the primary loop initialization process from experience-based operation to precise quantitative control, which greatly improves the standardization level, safety reliability, and decision objectivity of process control.
[0067] S3: Collect and process state characteristic data that directly reflects the overall state of the water flow during the filling process. This state characteristic data consists of three quantitative parameters: volumetric filling rate, calculated by accumulating the total volume of injected coolant measured by a high-precision flow meter and comparing it to the total design volume of the first loop pre-stored in the system database. This ratio represents the real-time progress of filling the system's physical space; water level achievement rate, obtained by comparing the real-time water level height obtained by a water level measuring device placed on the pressure regulator with the target water level set in the initialization program. This parameter directly reflects the compliance and control accuracy of establishing key liquid levels within the system's pressure boundary; and gas partial pressure ratio, which is obtained by real-time monitoring of the absolute pressure in the vapor phase space of the pressure regulator and analyzing the proportion of non-condensable gas partial pressure to the total system pressure based on thermodynamic equilibrium principles and dissolved gas concentration data. This quantitatively characterizes the enrichment degree of residual free gas in the vapor phase space.
[0068] The preprocessing of state characteristic data includes the following steps: outlier removal: the system constructs dynamic constraint criteria based on pre-stored feasible range thresholds for physical parameters and coupling logic rules between process variables, and uses a statistical filtering algorithm based on adaptive thresholds to automatically identify and remove abnormal data points caused by sensor transient failures, electromagnetic interference, or communication errors; timestamp synchronization and alignment: a unified timestamp is assigned to all asynchronous data streams using a high-precision clock source, and a cubic spline interpolation algorithm is applied to resample them to the same high-frequency time reference sequence to eliminate timing misalignment and phase deviation caused by asynchronous acquisition cycles;
[0069] Dimensional normalization, through a built-in intelligent unit identification engine and conversion rule base, automatically and accurately converts all raw data from diverse sources and with different unit systems into standard values based on the International System of Units (SI), or further into dimensionless scale values within a specific reference range. Logical consistency verification, based on thermo-hydraulic principles and system design constraints, establishes a rule base to perform cross-dimensional, real-time online logical consistency verification on multi-parameter data, automatically identifying and marking data combinations with physical contradictions or engineering conflicts. By executing the above standardized preprocessing steps, the system ultimately outputs a clean, synchronized, unit-consistent, and logically self-consistent high-quality feature dataset, providing crucial data quality assurance for the accurate calculation of water filling completion rate, gas residue comprehensive index, and water filling-venting synergy index.
[0070] S4: Generate the water filling completion rate based on the preprocessed state characteristic data. The water filling completion rate is calculated using the following formula:
[0071]
[0072] Where: SH represents the water filling completion rate;
[0073] HD stands for water level achievement rate;
[0074] VD is the volume fill rate;
[0075] PD represents the partial pressure percentage of the gas.
[0076] 1-PD represents pressure purity, which is the proportion of saturated water vapor partial pressure in the vapor phase space of the primary loop pressurizer to the total pressure. W1 and W2 are the weighting coefficients for water level achievement rate and pressure purity, respectively, with W1 > W2 and W1 + W2 = 1. Water level is the most direct and critical parameter for pressure control and safe operation of the reactor coolant system. The stable establishment of water level means that the system has the most basic pressure buffer and volume compensation capabilities, which is a prerequisite for all subsequent operations. Therefore, water level achievement rate has the highest weight. Pressure purity directly reflects the residual risk of free non-condensable gases and is a quality target that needs to be continuously monitored and optimized, rather than a process target that needs to be precisely controlled in real time like water level.
[0077] The water filling completion rate is calculated using a specific weighted fusion algorithm, integrating three core status characteristic data—real-time volume filling rate, water level achievement rate, and pressure purity—to generate a normalized progress value between 0% and 100%. The water filling completion rate is not simply a reflection of a single physical parameter, but rather constructs a comprehensive quantitative evaluation dimension, providing operators and automatic control systems with a global benchmark for judging process health that transcends traditional reliance on single parameter thresholds. The system can dynamically track and analyze the water filling completion rate in real time. When the growth curve of the completion rate stagnates, plateaus, or the value continuously deviates from the expected range predicted by the process model, the system will automatically trigger an early warning mechanism. This early warning mechanism aims to identify potential abnormal operating conditions. By providing timely alarms and preliminary root cause indications for abnormal states of this comprehensive indicator, it can effectively guide operators to implement targeted checks and interventions before problems escalate into serious malfunctions or cause process interruptions, thereby significantly improving the predictability, safety, and overall operational efficiency of the initialization process.
[0078] S5: Combine the gas residue comprehensive index with the water filling completion rate to generate the water filling and degassing synergy index. The water filling and degassing synergy index is calculated using the following formula:
[0079]
[0080] Where: FVSI is the water filling and air venting synergy index;
[0081] α is the volume fill rate weighting index, used to adjust the nonlinearity of the synergistic effect of volume progress; β is the synergistic weighting factor, used to balance the relative weights of water filling status and exhaust quality in synergistic evaluation; the increase of Rg directly reflects the increase in solubility and the residual level of free non-condensable gases, that is, the deterioration of exhaust quality, and its increase will reduce the final calculation result of FVSI; when SH rises and Rg falls simultaneously, the two form a positive synergy, and the FVSI value is significantly improved; if SH rises rapidly and Rg remains high, it will lead to weak growth or even decline in FVSI.
[0082] By dynamically fusing the volume filling rate, which characterizes the water filling process, and the gas residue index, which characterizes the exhaust quality, an algorithm is used to generate a normalized metric value for coordination, namely the water filling and exhaust coordination index. This enables continuous and accurate monitoring of the matching status of the two strongly coupled processes of water filling and exhaust. By comparing the real-time calculated value with the system's preset multi-level thresholds, the index can automatically identify and determine the current coordination stage of the system, including the water filling-dominant stage, the water filling and exhaust-simultaneous stage, the exhaust-critical stage, and the constant-volume verification stage. This provides clear stage positioning and operational guidance for operators or automatic control systems.
[0083] Furthermore, the system sets dynamic early warning thresholds based on process models and historical data. When the real-time value of the water filling and venting coordination index stagnates, plateaus, or continuously deviates from the expected trajectory based on the process model, the system automatically triggers an early warning mechanism, issuing a risk alarm for imbalance between the water filling and venting processes. This alerts operators to potential anomalies such as gas retention, uneven filling, or response mismatch, thereby guiding them to intervene and make adjustments in advance.
[0084] For the key state transition nodes corresponding to different coordination stages, the system presets corresponding key transition thresholds. As an objective and unambiguous logical criterion, the key transition threshold can directly drive the control system to automatically execute the corresponding operation stage switch when the water filling and air venting coordination index reaches or exceeds a certain threshold. This realizes a fundamental shift from stage transitions that rely on human experience to automatic, safe, and orderly transitions driven by quantitative data, thereby significantly improving the overall control accuracy, safety, reliability, and operational efficiency of the primary loop initialization process.
[0085] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.
[0086] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.
[0087] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.
[0088] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A one-loop initialization method integrating venting, water filling, and volume control, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Collect relevant characteristic data within the loop, including measured dissolved oxygen concentration, system temperature change rate, and system pressure change rate. Generate measured pressure rise value through system temperature change rate and system pressure change rate, and collect standard dissolved oxygen concentration value and theoretical pressure rise value. S2: Preprocess the raw data of relevant feature data. The preprocessing includes standardization processes such as outlier cleaning, time synchronization alignment, unit conversion, and benchmark value verification. Generate a comprehensive gas residue index based on the preprocessed relevant feature data to quantitatively assess the thoroughness of non-condensable gas removal in the primary loop. S3: Collect the state characteristic data of water flow during primary loop filling. The change characteristic data includes volume filling rate, water level achievement rate and gas partial pressure ratio. Preprocess the state characteristic data. The preprocessing includes outlier removal, timestamp synchronization and alignment, dimensional normalization and logical consistency verification. S4: Generate the water filling completion rate based on the preprocessed state characteristic data. The water filling completion rate is an integrated quantitative evaluation of the quantity and quality of water filling during the first-loop water filling process. S5: The progress data represented by the water filling completion rate and the quality data reflected by the gas residue comprehensive index are integrated in real time to generate a normalized synergistic quantification value, namely the water filling and venting synergistic index. The water filling and venting synergistic index continuously monitors and accurately quantifies the matching status of water filling and venting, and is used to warn of imbalance risks.
2. The integrated venting, water filling, and volume control method for a single-loop initialization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measured pressure rise was calculated using the following formula: Where: Pa is the measured pressure rise; ΔP is the system pressure change rate; ΔT is the system temperature change rate; The measured pressure rise represents the incremental change in system temperature and the corresponding incremental change in system pressure within a specific time window.
3. The integrated venting, water filling, and volume control method for a single-loop initialization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preprocessing includes: outlier cleaning, which automatically identifies and removes outlier data points caused by instrument transient failures, signal interference, or transmission errors based on physical feasible range thresholds, correlation logic between process variables, and statistical distribution models; time synchronization alignment, which uses a high-precision clock synchronization protocol to assign a unified timestamp to all data streams and uses an interpolation algorithm to align asynchronously sampled data sequences to a common time reference, eliminating phase deviations caused by asynchronous sampling periods; unit conversion, which converts raw data from different subsystems with varying engineering units into unified SI values according to a preset internal calculation standard; and reference value verification, which compares and corrects for offsets between sensor readings and theoretical design values or calibrated high-precision reference instrument readings at known stable operating points of the system, in order to eliminate system errors.
4. The integrated venting, water filling, and volume control method for a single-loop initialization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The comprehensive index of gas residue is calculated using the following formula: Where: Rg is the comprehensive index of gas residue; Co represents the measured dissolved oxygen concentration; Cl is the standard value for dissolved oxygen concentration; Pa represents the measured pressure rise. Pe represents the theoretical pressure rise value; α is the pressure response deviation value, a dimensionless physical quantity used to reflect the sluggishness of the system pressure response to temperature changes. α is the weighting coefficient used to balance the contribution weights of chemical and physical terms in the total index.
5. The integrated venting, water filling, and volume control method for a single-loop initialization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gas residue comprehensive index is a normalized quantitative indicator used to objectively and accurately assess the thoroughness and completeness of the removal of dissolved and free non-condensable gases during the initialization process of the reactor primary loop system. The gas residue comprehensive index transforms the originally multi-dimensional and heterogeneous monitoring information into a single, continuous scalar output, and the value directly represents the overall potential risk level of residual gases in the loop. The quantitative assessment results provide decision-making benchmarks for operators and automatic control systems to determine whether the water filling and venting phase has reached the safety endpoint.
6. The integrated venting, water filling, and volume control method for a single-loop initialization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preprocessing includes: outlier removal, which uses statistical filtering algorithms to automatically identify and remove abnormal data points caused by signal interference or transmission errors based on the correlation logic rules between the physical feasible range threshold and process variables; timestamp synchronization and alignment, which uses a unified clock source to label multi-source asynchronous data streams and uses interpolation algorithms to resample them to the same time base to eliminate timing deviations; dimension normalization, which converts raw data with different engineering units into unified dimensionless standardized values or SI values; and logical consistency verification, which performs cross-dimensional logical consistency verification on multi-parameter data based on preset physical and engineering constraint rules, and identifies and marks contradictory data combinations.
7. The integrated venting, water filling, and volume control method for a single-loop initialization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water filling completion rate is calculated using the following formula: Where: SH represents the water filling completion rate; HD stands for water level achievement rate; VD is the volume fill rate; PD represents the partial pressure ratio of gases. 1-PD represents pressure purity, which is the proportion of saturated water vapor partial pressure in the vapor phase space of the primary circuit regulator to the total pressure; W1 and W2 are the weighting coefficients of water level achievement rate and pressure purity, respectively, and W1>W2, W1+W2=1.
8. The integrated venting, water filling, and volume control method for a single-loop initialization system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water filling completion rate is generated by integrating volume filling rate, water level achievement rate and pressure purity status characteristic data through an algorithm. This generates a normalized progress value that provides a benchmark for judging the process health of operators and automatic control systems. When the water filling completion rate stagnates or the value does not meet expectations, it can provide early warning of potential problems and guide operators to intervene in advance.
9. The integrated venting, water filling, and volume control method for a single-loop initialization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water filling and air venting synergy index is calculated using the following formula: Where: FVSI is the water filling and air venting synergy index; α is the volume fill rate weighting index, used to adjust the nonlinearity of the impact of volume progress on synergy; β is the synergy weighting factor, used to balance the relative weights of water filling status and exhaust quality in synergy evaluation.
10. The integrated venting, water filling, and volume control method for a single-loop initialization system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The water filling and exhaust coordination index dynamically integrates the volume filling rate, which characterizes the water filling process, and the gas residue index, which characterizes the exhaust quality, to generate a normalized coordination quantification value. This allows for continuous monitoring of the matching status of the two strongly coupled processes of water filling and exhaust. The water filling and exhaust coordination index identifies and determines the current coordination stage of the system, providing a clear stage positioning for the operation. A warning threshold is set, and when the growth of the water filling and exhaust coordination index stagnates or deviates from the expected trajectory, a risk alarm for the imbalance between the water filling and exhaust processes is issued. Different coordination stages correspond to different key transition thresholds, which serve as logical criteria to drive the system to automatically switch operation stages.