Photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method and device, an electronic device and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of equipment fault detection. The method comprises the following steps: determining a first equipment state of a photovoltaic power supply equipment based on a first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, a first battery voltage, a first battery charging current and a first communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at a first time; obtaining a second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, a second battery voltage, a second battery charging current and a second communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at a second time; determining a state switching condition and a state switching instruction corresponding to the first equipment state; and if the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current and the second communication signal strength satisfy the state switching condition, determining a second equipment state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the state switching instruction. The application can improve fault identification accuracy and distinguish abnormal reasons.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of equipment fault detection technology, and more specifically, relates to a method and device for fault identification of photovoltaic power supply equipment, electronic equipment, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Solar-battery combined power supply equipment is widely used in unattended outdoor scenarios. This type of equipment typically consists of photovoltaic modules, energy storage batteries, power controllers, and remote communication units, and is used to provide uninterrupted DC power to loads such as monitoring terminals and control devices. Due to the dispersed deployment locations, complex environments, and lack of real-time human supervision, remote monitoring and fault identification technologies are needed to achieve operational status control and anomaly alarms to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the power supply system.

[0003] Existing status monitoring and fault identification solutions for solar-battery powered equipment mainly collect photovoltaic-side voltage and battery-side voltage, triggering alarms based on thresholds for typical anomalies such as overvoltage and undervoltage. At the communication and data transmission level, existing solutions generally employ a fixed-period proactive reporting mechanism, uploading operational data only when the communication link is normal, lacking adaptation mechanisms for scenarios such as weak networks, offline operations, and signal interruptions.

[0004] In actual operation, the above-mentioned conventional solutions have significant technical flaws: when equipment malfunctions, the root cause of the fault cannot be accurately distinguished, and anomalies caused by different factors are easily classified into the same type of fault, making it impossible for the background monitoring system to locate the true fault type and location. Such problems significantly increase the difficulty of operation and maintenance troubleshooting, prolong fault recovery time, increase on-site maintenance costs, and reduce the overall reliability and intelligent management level of the power supply system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for fault identification of photovoltaic power supply equipment, in order to solve the problems of low fault identification accuracy and inability to accurately distinguish the causes of abnormalities in existing solar-battery power supply equipment. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution provided by this application is as follows: Firstly, a method for fault identification of photovoltaic power supply equipment is provided, including: The first device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined based on the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current, and the first communication signal strength at the first moment. The first device status includes one of multiple device statuses, including normal operation status, abnormal weather status, abnormal photovoltaic status, battery undervoltage alarm status, battery fault status, and poor communication signal status. The system acquires the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, second battery voltage, second battery charging current, and second communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at the second moment; the second moment is after the first moment. Determine the state switching conditions and state switching instructions corresponding to the first device state; If the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength meet the state switching conditions, then the second device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined based on the state switching command; the second device state includes one of multiple device states.

[0006] Secondly, a fault identification device for photovoltaic power supply equipment is provided, comprising: The status determination module is used to determine the first device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current, and the first communication signal strength at the first moment. The first device status includes one of multiple device statuses, which include normal operation status, abnormal weather status, abnormal photovoltaic status, battery undervoltage alarm status, battery fault status, and poor communication signal status. The real-time data acquisition module is used to acquire the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, second battery voltage, second battery charging current, and second communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at the second moment; the second moment is after the first moment. The state transition rule determination module is used to determine the state transition conditions and state transition instructions corresponding to the first device state; The status update module is used to determine the second device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the status switching command if the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength meet the status switching conditions; the second device status includes one of multiple device statuses.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method provided in any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0008] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method provided in any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application are as follows: Compared with related technologies, the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method and device, electronic equipment, and storage medium provided in this application embodiment are as follows: This application embodiment comprehensively determines the status of the power supply equipment by collecting four types of operating parameters: photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, battery voltage, battery charging current, and communication signal strength. Compared with the existing single-discrimination method that only uses dual voltage acquisition, this method can comprehensively reflect the actual operating conditions of the power supply equipment from multiple dimensions, improving the completeness and accuracy of anomaly identification. Based on parameter changes at different times and preset state switching rules, this application embodiment achieves stable transitions and unique identification between various states such as normal operation, abnormal weather, photovoltaic anomaly, battery undervoltage alarm, battery fault, and poor communication signal. It can accurately distinguish faults caused by different factors such as insufficient light, line disconnection, component loss, and battery anomaly, fundamentally solving the core defects of existing technologies that cannot locate the root cause of faults and tend to classify multiple anomalies into one type of alarm. At the same time, this application embodiment dynamically matches the corresponding state switching conditions based on the previous equipment state, forming a logically clear and conflict-free state control mechanism to avoid misjudgment and omission.

[0010] In summary, the embodiments of this application can realize status identification and updating, shorten the fault location and repair time, improve the operational reliability and intelligent management level of unattended solar-battery power supply equipment in the field, and ensure the continuous and stable operation of the power supply system. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below.

[0012] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 A schematic block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary descriptions for explaining the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0014] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the terms “comprising” and “including” as used in embodiments of this application mean that the corresponding feature can be implemented as the presented feature, information, data, step, operation, element, and / or component, but do not exclude implementation as other features, information, data, step, operation, element, component, and / or combinations thereof supported by the art. It should be understood that when we say that an element is “connected” or “coupled” to another element, the one element can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or it can mean that the one element and the other element establish a connection relationship through an intermediate element. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein can include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term “and / or” as used herein indicates at least one of the items defined by the term; for example, “A and / or B” can be implemented as “A,” or as “B,” or as “A and B.” When describing multiple (two or more) items, if the relationship between the multiple items is not explicitly defined, the multiple items can refer to one, several or all of the multiple items. For example, the description of "parameter A includes A1, A2, A3" can be implemented as parameter A includes A1 or A2 or A3, or it can be implemented as parameter A includes at least two of the three items A1, A2 and A3.

[0015] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, data such as user information are involved. When the embodiments of this application are applied to specific products or technologies, user permission or consent is required, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with relevant laws, regulations and standards.

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0017] This application provides a method for fault identification in photovoltaic power supply equipment. This method can be executed by electronic devices, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method may include: S101: Determine the first device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current, and the first communication signal strength at the first moment; the first device status includes one of multiple device statuses, including normal operation status, abnormal weather status, abnormal photovoltaic status, battery undervoltage alarm status, battery fault status, and poor communication signal status.

[0018] In this embodiment, determining the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current, and the first communication signal strength at a first moment includes: If the conditions for determining normal working status are met, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be normal working status. If the conditions for determining normal working status are not met, then the first battery status determination operation will be performed. The normal operating condition determination condition is as follows: if the first photovoltaic open circuit voltage is not less than the preset lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open circuit voltage and not greater than the preset upper limit of the photovoltaic normal open circuit voltage, the first battery voltage is higher than the preset battery undervoltage threshold, the first battery charging current is in the preset battery charging current range and the first communication signal strength is higher than the preset communication signal threshold, then the first equipment state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be the normal operating state. The first battery status determination operation includes: if the battery fault status determination conditions are met, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a battery fault status. The first battery status determination condition is as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is not less than the preset lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage and not greater than the preset upper limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage is not higher than the battery undervoltage threshold, and the first battery charging current is less than the minimum effective charging current threshold, then the first time period after the first moment is determined based on the first duration threshold, the battery voltage data and battery charging current data of the first time period are obtained, the battery voltage over-limit duration is determined based on the battery voltage data of the first time period, and the battery current over-limit duration is determined based on the battery charging current data of the first time period. If both the battery voltage over-limit duration and the battery current over-limit duration are not less than the preset first duration threshold, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a battery fault status.

[0019] If the conditions for determining photovoltaic abnormal state are met, then the first equipment state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a photovoltaic abnormal state. If the conditions for determining the battery undervoltage alarm state are met, then the first equipment state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be the battery undervoltage alarm state. The photovoltaic abnormal state determination conditions are as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is not greater than the preset photovoltaic abnormal determination voltage threshold, then the second time period after the first moment is determined based on the second duration threshold, the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data of the second time period is obtained, and the photovoltaic over-limit duration is determined based on the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data of the second time period; if the photovoltaic over-limit duration is not less than the preset second duration threshold, and the first device state is not determined to be a battery fault state, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a photovoltaic abnormal state; the photovoltaic abnormal determination voltage threshold is less than the lower limit of the normal photovoltaic open-circuit voltage. Battery fault conditions have a higher priority than photovoltaic abnormal conditions. The conditions for determining the battery undervoltage alarm state are as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is not less than the preset lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage and not greater than the preset upper limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage is not higher than the battery undervoltage threshold, and the first battery charging current is not less than the minimum effective charging current threshold, then the battery voltage data for the first time period after the first moment is obtained, and the battery voltage over-limit duration is determined based on the battery voltage data for the first time period; if the battery voltage over-limit duration is not less than the preset first duration threshold, and the first device state is not determined to be either a battery fault state or a photovoltaic abnormal state, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a battery undervoltage alarm state. Photovoltaic abnormal status has a higher priority than battery undervoltage alarm status.

[0020] If the conditions for determining abnormal weather conditions are met, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be an abnormal weather condition. If the conditions for determining poor communication signal status are met, then the first device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be poor communication signal status. The weather abnormality determination criteria are as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is greater than the preset photovoltaic abnormality determination voltage threshold and less than the lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage, then the third time period after the first moment is determined based on the third duration threshold, the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data of the third time period is obtained, and the photovoltaic over-limit duration is determined based on the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data of the third time period; if the photovoltaic over-limit duration is not less than the preset third duration threshold, and the first equipment status is not determined to be any of the battery fault status, photovoltaic abnormal status, and battery undervoltage alarm status, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a weather abnormality. The priority of the battery low voltage alarm status is higher than the priority of the weather abnormal status status; The condition for determining the poor communication signal state is as follows: if the strength of the first communication signal is lower than the preset communication signal threshold, and the first device state is not determined to be any of the following: normal working state, battery fault state, photovoltaic abnormal state, battery undervoltage alarm state, and weather abnormal state, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be the poor communication signal state. Abnormal weather conditions have a higher priority than poor communication signal conditions.

[0021] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage refers to the output voltage of the photovoltaic module under no-load conditions, reflecting the lighting conditions and the working status of the photovoltaic module. For example, the value is 150V to 200V when there is sufficient sunlight, and drops to 10V to 140V when there is insufficient sunlight. The battery voltage refers to the real-time voltage value across the battery terminals, used to determine whether the battery has sufficient charge. For example, a voltage higher than 48V indicates normal charge, and a voltage lower than 48V indicates insufficient charge. The battery charging current refers to the real-time current flowing to the battery in the charging circuit, used to determine whether the battery can receive charging normally. For example, a current greater than 0.2A indicates effective charging, and a current less than 0.2A indicates that charging is not possible. The communication signal strength refers to the signal quality of the communication link between the device and the master station, used to determine whether data can be reported normally. For example, a signal strength greater than 20 indicates normal communication, and a signal strength less than 20 indicates abnormal communication.

[0022] The lower limit of the normal open-circuit voltage for photovoltaic (PV) modules is the lowest reasonable value for the open-circuit voltage under sufficient sunlight on a sunny day, for example, set to 150V. The upper limit of the normal open-circuit voltage for PV modules is the highest reasonable value for the open-circuit voltage under sufficient sunlight on a sunny day, for example, set to 200V. The PV anomaly detection voltage threshold is the critical value for determining whether the PV module has a physical fault, for example, set to 5V. The battery undervoltage threshold is the critical value for determining whether the battery has insufficient charge, for example, set to 48V. The minimum effective charging current threshold is the critical value for determining whether the battery charging is effective, for example, set to 0.2A.

[0023] The communication signal threshold is a critical signal strength value used to determine whether communication meets data reporting requirements; for example, it can be set to 12. The first duration threshold is the anti-shake verification time for battery-related anomalies (battery fault status, battery undervoltage alarm status); for example, it can be set to 20 seconds. The second duration threshold is the anti-shake verification time for photovoltaic anomalies; for example, it can be set to 15 hours. The third duration threshold is the anti-shake verification time for weather anomalies; for example, it can be set to 4 hours. The first time period is a monitoring period that starts at a first moment and matches the first duration threshold to verify whether battery-related parameter anomalies persist. For example, the first time period could be a 20-second period starting at the first moment. The second time period is a monitoring period that starts at a first moment and matches the second duration threshold to verify whether photovoltaic anomalies persist. For example, the second time period could be a 15-hour period starting at the first moment. The third time period is a monitoring period that starts at a first moment and matches the third duration threshold to verify whether weather anomalies persist. For example, the third time period could be a 4-hour period starting at the first moment.

[0024] The second time period is set at 15 hours, which fully covers the longest nighttime periods of no sunlight in mid-to-high latitude regions of my country during winter. It also avoids fluctuations in normal operating conditions caused by extreme weather conditions such as completely cloudy days. A photovoltaic hardware fault is only identified when low voltage persists across a complete day-night cycle, thus preventing false alarms caused by day / night cycles or weather conditions. The third time period is set at 4 hours, which filters out normal voltage fluctuations caused by short-term cloud cover and the transition between dawn and dusk. It accurately identifies actual insufficient sunlight anomalies caused by continuous overcast or rainy weather that affect the battery's charging and discharging balance, preventing invalid state transitions.

[0025] Equipment status is a classification of equipment operating conditions, including normal operating status, abnormal weather status, abnormal photovoltaic status, low battery alarm status, battery fault status, and poor communication signal status. Priority refers to the order in which multiple abnormalities are judged when they occur simultaneously; higher priority statuses are confirmed first. For example, battery fault has a higher priority than photovoltaic abnormality, and photovoltaic abnormality has a higher priority than low battery alarm.

[0026] This embodiment employs a multi-dimensional parameter comprehensive judgment method instead of a single voltage judgment method, improving the accuracy of fault identification. This embodiment prioritizes faults according to their severity, giving priority to identifying high-risk anomalies such as battery faults, ensuring system safety. This embodiment uses continuous duration verification to achieve anti-jitter processing, avoiding misjudgments caused by instantaneous fluctuations. The state judgment in this embodiment follows a rule of judging from high priority to low priority, ensuring that only one valid state exists at any given time, avoiding logical conflicts. This embodiment decouples abnormal lighting from physical faults by dividing the voltage range, and combines this with charging current to achieve accurate battery fault identification. Communication status serves as a fundamental guarantee condition, and confirmation is performed after other state judgments are completed, ensuring data transmission reliability. This embodiment focuses on accurately distinguishing fault root causes, controlling stable states, improving anti-interference capabilities, and ensuring complete data transmission, solving problems such as fault confusion, judgment conflicts, and data loss in existing technologies.

[0027] For example, before powering on the device, all preset parameters need to be configured. All thresholds are determined through on-site testing and industry-standard data. The specific values ​​and sources are as follows: The lower limit of the normal open-circuit voltage for photovoltaics can be set to 32V, and the upper limit can be set to 38V. This range represents the stable open-circuit voltage range of a 24V system's photovoltaic modules under sufficient sunlight on sunny days. This range is determined by measuring the lowest and highest open-circuit voltages at noon on sunny days for seven consecutive days. The photovoltaic anomaly judgment voltage threshold can be set to 1V. This value is the measured voltage when the photovoltaic panel circuit is disconnected or physically lost. It is much lower than the lowest output voltage under cloudy and weak light conditions and less than the lower limit of the normal open-circuit voltage for photovoltaics. The battery undervoltage threshold can be set to 22V, which is the critical value for undervoltage protection of a 24V lead-acid energy storage battery. Below this value, the battery is at risk of deep discharge damage and equipment power outage. The minimum effective charging current threshold can be set to 0.5A, which is the minimum effective charging current under normal float charging conditions. Below this value, it is determined that there is no effective charging. The communication signal threshold can be set to 12, which is the industry-standard CSQ (Signal Strength Quotient) threshold for communication signal strength. A value of 12 or higher can stably complete data reporting, while a value below 12 is considered a weak signal. The first duration threshold can be set to 20 seconds, which is the anti-shake verification duration for battery-related anomalies, covering the longest voltage and current fluctuation time caused by the instantaneous start-up of the backend load. The second duration threshold can be set to 15 hours, which is the anti-shake verification duration for photovoltaic anomalies, covering the longest voltage fluctuation time caused by instantaneous poor contact in the line. The third duration threshold can be set to 4 hours, which is the anti-shake verification duration for weather anomalies, covering the longest voltage fluctuation time caused by instantaneous cloud cover. The first time period is set to 20 seconds after the first moment; the second time period is set to 15 hours after the first moment; and the third time period is set to 4 hours after the first moment. The data sampling period can be set to 1 second, the normal state reporting period is set to 60 seconds, and the maximum capacity of the local loop buffer is set to 10,000 records, which can cover the full data storage of the device during offline periods of more than 7 days.

[0028] After the photovoltaic power supply equipment is powered on, it first enters the initialization self-test stage. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, battery voltage, and communication signal strength can be collected at the initial moment to complete the basic function self-test of the acquisition module and communication module, and verify whether the collected values ​​are within the physical range of the components. After the self-test is passed, this embodiment can directly set the initial state of the equipment to the normal working state and enter the subsequent cyclic monitoring process. If the self-test fails, the self-test process is repeated until the self-test is passed and the equipment enters the normal working state.

[0029] The photovoltaic power supply equipment collects four parameters—photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, battery voltage, battery charging current, and communication signal strength—according to a fixed sampling period of 1 second. Equipment status is determined in descending order of priority: battery fault > photovoltaic anomaly > battery undervoltage alarm > weather anomaly > poor communication signal. Only one mutually exclusive equipment status is output at any given time. A specific determination process and data example are as follows: Normal operating status priority determination: The parameters collected at the current moment are compared with the preset thresholds. If the photovoltaic open circuit voltage is 35V (within the normal range of 32V-38V), the battery voltage is 24V (above the 22V undervoltage threshold), the battery charging current is 2A (greater than the minimum effective threshold of 0.5A), and the communication signal strength is 18 (above the 12 signal threshold), and all four conditions are met at the same time, the current status of the equipment is directly determined to be normal operating status, without the need to perform subsequent low-priority determinations.

[0030] Battery Fault Status Determination (Highest Priority): If the device is not determined to be in normal working condition, this determination is executed first. For example, if the current photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is 34V (within the normal range), the battery voltage is 21V (below the 22V undervoltage threshold), and the battery charging current is 0.2A (less than the 0.5A minimum effective threshold), and all three conditions are met simultaneously, a first 20-second continuous monitoring period is initiated, recording the duration of battery voltage and current exceeding limits. If both parameters continuously meet the exceeding conditions within 20 seconds, the device is directly determined to be in a battery fault state, and subsequent lower-priority determinations are not executed.

[0031] Photovoltaic Abnormal State Determination: If the battery fault state is not determined, this determination is executed. For example, if the current open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic system is 0.3V (below the 1V abnormal threshold), a second period of continuous monitoring for 15 hours is initiated to record the duration of the photovoltaic system exceeding the limit. If the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic system is still below 1V within 15 hours, the current state of the equipment is directly determined to be a photovoltaic abnormal state, and subsequent low-priority determinations are no longer executed.

[0032] Battery undervoltage alarm status determination: If the battery is not determined to be faulty or the photovoltaic system is not in an abnormal state, this determination is executed. For example, if the current photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is 33V (within the normal range), the battery voltage is 21.5V (below the 22V undervoltage threshold), and the battery charging current is 1.2A (greater than the 0.5A minimum effective threshold), and all three conditions are met simultaneously, a first 20-second continuous monitoring period is initiated to record the duration of the battery voltage exceeding the limit. If the voltage continues to meet the exceeding conditions within 20 seconds, the current status of the equipment is directly determined to be a battery undervoltage alarm state, and subsequent low-priority determinations are not executed.

[0033] Weather Abnormality Judgment: If the above-mentioned high-priority abnormality status is not determined, this judgment is executed. For example, if the current open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic system is 15V (greater than the 1V abnormal threshold and less than the 32V normal lower limit), a third period of continuous monitoring is initiated for 4 hours to record the duration of the photovoltaic system exceeding the limit; if the voltage is still within this range after 4 hours, the current status of the equipment is directly determined to be a weather abnormality status, and subsequent low-priority judgments are no longer executed.

[0034] Poor Communication Signal Status Determination: If none of the aforementioned abnormal states are determined, this determination is executed. For example, if the current communication signal strength is 8 (below the 12 signal threshold), the current state of the device is directly determined to be a poor communication signal state. If all abnormal determination conditions are not met, the device returns to normal operating status.

[0035] If parameters collected at the same time simultaneously meet multiple anomaly criteria, arbitration is performed according to a preset priority, retaining only the highest priority anomaly state and masking all lower priority anomalies. For example: if parameters simultaneously meet three criteria—battery failure, photovoltaic anomaly, and weather anomaly—only the highest priority battery failure state is judged; if parameters simultaneously meet two criteria—photovoltaic anomaly and battery undervoltage alarm—only the higher-priority photovoltaic anomaly state is judged; if parameters simultaneously meet two criteria—weather anomaly and poor communication signal—only the higher-priority weather anomaly state is judged. All scenarios ensure that the device has only one valid state at any given time, preventing state coexistence and logical conflicts.

[0036] After determining the current device status, this embodiment can continuously collect parameters for the next moment, match the status switching conditions corresponding to the current status, and immediately execute the status transition when the conditions are met; when a status switch occurs, it immediately and proactively reports the alarm event and current parameters to the master station. If the communication signal is determined to be poor, the photovoltaic power supply equipment stops real-time reporting and writes all timestamped parameters and the current device status to the local buffer in a 1-second sampling cycle; when the communication signal strength recovers to 12 or above, it switches to the communication recovery state, stops local caching, and batch reports all cached data in the order of timestamp from earliest to latest; if the communication signal strength drops below 12 again during the reporting process, it immediately stops reporting, returns to the poor communication signal state to continue caching, and continues to complete the reporting of the remaining data after communication is restored; after all reporting is completed, the device returns to normal working status.

[0037] When the device is in any abnormal state other than normal operation and communication recovery, the corresponding abnormal parameters are continuously monitored. If the corresponding abnormal judgment condition is no longer met, and the device continues for the corresponding anti-shake duration (i.e., duration), it will automatically return to normal operation. For example, for a device in a photovoltaic abnormal state, the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage will automatically return to normal operation after it recovers to 34V and remains so for 15 hours.

[0038] This embodiment, through multi-parameter comprehensive judgment and priority control, can distinguish different fault root causes, avoid fault confusion and misjudgment, and improve fault identification accuracy. This embodiment employs an anti-jitter delay mechanism to effectively filter instantaneous interference, improving the stability of status judgment. This embodiment executes judgments according to priority order, avoiding logical conflicts when multiple anomalies occur concurrently, and ensuring that high-risk faults are handled first. This embodiment ensures that all states are mutually exclusive and unique, with clear state transition rules, improving system operational reliability. This embodiment fully covers major anomaly scenarios, realizing automatic status identification of unattended equipment, reducing maintenance difficulty and troubleshooting costs. Simultaneously, it ensures data integrity during communication anomalies, improving the continuity and intelligence level of remote monitoring of the power supply system.

[0039] S102: Obtain the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, second battery voltage, second battery charging current, and second communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at the second moment; the second moment is after the first moment.

[0040] In this embodiment, the second time point is a sampling time later than the first time point, used to achieve continuous temporal monitoring of the equipment's operating status. The photovoltaic power supply equipment is an unattended solar-battery power supply system for field use. The second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength are the core operating parameters of the equipment collected at the second time point. For example, the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage sampled at the second time point is 35V.

[0041] For example, in this embodiment, the device's fixed sampling period can be preset to 1 second. The first moment is the reference moment T0 for determining the current state, and the second moment is the next sampling moment T1 after T0. After the device state determination is completed at the first moment T0, this embodiment can start the device's built-in timer and trigger the synchronous sampling command at the second moment T1 according to the preset 1-second sampling period. After the sampling command is triggered, this embodiment can simultaneously perform the acquisition operations of four types of operating parameters: acquiring the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage through the voltage acquisition channel at the output end of the photovoltaic module, acquiring the second battery voltage through the voltage acquisition channel at both ends of the battery, acquiring the second battery charging current through the current acquisition channel of the battery charging circuit, and acquiring the second communication signal strength through the link detection function of the device communication module.

[0042] This embodiment achieves dynamic tracking and monitoring of equipment operating status through continuous sampling at the first and second time points, providing real-time and continuous effective data support for status switching determination, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of fault identification, avoiding missed or false judgments, and improving the continuity and reliability of equipment status management.

[0043] S103: Determine the state switching conditions and state switching instructions corresponding to the first device state.

[0044] In this embodiment, determining the state transition conditions corresponding to the first device state includes: If the first device is in normal working condition, the condition for state switching is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength meet the battery fault condition, or meet the photovoltaic abnormal condition, or meet the battery undervoltage alarm condition, or meet the weather abnormal condition, or meet the communication signal poor condition. If the first device is in a battery fault state, the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, and the second battery charging current do not meet the battery fault state determination conditions, and the duration of the battery fault state is not less than the preset first duration threshold. If the first device is in a photovoltaic abnormal state, the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage does not meet the photovoltaic abnormal state determination condition and the duration of the photovoltaic abnormal state is not less than the preset second duration threshold, or the battery fault state determination condition is met.

[0045] If the first device is in a battery undervoltage alarm state, the state switching conditions are determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength do not meet the battery undervoltage alarm state determination conditions and the duration of the battery undervoltage alarm state is not less than the preset first duration threshold, or the battery fault state determination conditions are met, or the photovoltaic abnormal state determination conditions are met. If the first device is in an abnormal weather state, the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage and the second battery voltage do not meet the abnormal weather state determination condition and the duration of the abnormal weather state is not less than the preset second duration threshold, or the battery fault state determination condition is met, or the photovoltaic abnormal state determination condition is met, or the battery undervoltage alarm state determination condition is met. If the first device is in a poor communication signal state, then the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second communication signal strength does not meet the poor communication signal state determination condition.

[0046] In this embodiment, the state switching condition refers to the parameter threshold requirements and timing verification rules that the device must meet to switch from the current first device state to another device state. For example, the condition for switching from the normal working state to the abnormal weather state is that the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage remains in the low light range for a preset anti-shake duration. The state switching command refers to the standardized control command that the device executes to switch state when the state switching condition is met. For example, when the battery fault state switching condition is met, a control command is triggered to switch the device state from the normal working state to the battery fault state. The duration refers to the continuous cumulative time that the device remains stably in a certain device state, such as the continuous operating time of the device in the battery fault state.

[0047] The failure to meet the judgment conditions means that the core judgment parameters of the corresponding equipment status no longer meet the preset threshold requirements. For example, the judgment conditions for the battery fault status no longer meet the conditions, which means that the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage is out of the normal range, or the second battery voltage rises back to above the undervoltage threshold, or the second battery charging current recovers to above the effective threshold.

[0048] In this embodiment, the problems of missing state control logic, multiple concurrent anomaly conflicts, and false alarms / missed alarms in the prior art are addressed. This embodiment matches differentiated switching rules based on the current device state to ensure a conflict-free closed-loop state transition logic. It sets rules that allow high-priority anomalies to directly interrupt low-priority state transitions, ensuring priority handling of high-risk faults. It implements duration-based anti-jitter verification for abnormal state return to normal operating conditions, avoiding frequent state transitions caused by instantaneous parameter fluctuations. Normal states cover all anomaly transition entry points, and abnormal states simultaneously support returning to normal and transitioning to higher-priority anomalies, forming a complete closed-loop state machine control system, achieving stable and controllable device states and orderly fault handling.

[0049] For example, after completing the state determination at the first moment and determining the current state of the first device, this embodiment can retrieve the state switching conditions and state switching instructions corresponding to the state from the local non-volatile memory to complete the rule loading. For example, if the device determines that the first device state is a normal working state at the first moment, then the five types of abnormal state switching conditions corresponding to the normal working state are automatically loaded; if the first device state is a battery fault state, then the corresponding state regression switching conditions are loaded. All preset thresholds have been pre-fixed, where the normal open circuit voltage range of photovoltaic is 32V to 38V, the photovoltaic abnormal determination voltage threshold is 1V, the battery undervoltage threshold is 22V, the minimum effective charging current threshold is 0.5A, the communication signal threshold is 12, the first duration threshold is 20 seconds, the second duration threshold is 15 hours, the third duration threshold is 4 hours, and the data sampling period is 1 second.

[0050] After the rules are loaded, this embodiment can collect the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength at the second moment. The collected valid parameters are then compared one by one with the loaded state switching conditions to verify whether the switching requirements are met. For example, if the first device is in normal operating condition, and the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is 34V, the second battery voltage is 21V, the second battery charging current is 0.2A, and the second communication signal strength is 18 at the second moment, the parameters meet the battery fault state determination conditions, thus determining that the state switching conditions corresponding to the normal operating state are met.

[0051] This embodiment can execute state switching instructions and duration verification according to different scenarios, as follows: Scenario 1: The first device is in normal working state. After comparing the parameters at the second moment, it meets the conditions for determining the battery fault state. The corresponding state switching command is immediately triggered to switch the device state from normal working state to battery fault state, and at the same time, the duration of this state is accumulated and timed.

[0052] Scenario 2: The first device is in a battery fault state. Parameters are continuously collected at the second moment. When the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is 33V, the second battery voltage is 23V, and the second battery charging current is 1.2A, it is determined that the parameters do not meet the battery fault state determination conditions. At the same time, it is verified that the duration of this state has accumulated to 20 seconds, which meets the switching conditions. The state switching command is immediately triggered to switch the device state to normal operation state.

[0053] Scenario 3: The first device is in a photovoltaic abnormal state. At the second moment, the open-circuit voltage of the second photovoltaic is 0.4V, and the voltage of the second battery is 21V and the charging current of the second battery is 0.3A. The conditions for determining the battery fault state are met, and the state switching command is immediately triggered to switch the device state from the photovoltaic abnormal state to the higher priority battery fault state.

[0054] Scenario 4: The first device status is a battery undervoltage alarm status. The parameters collected at the second moment no longer meet the undervoltage alarm judgment conditions, and the duration of this status has reached 20 seconds. The status switching command is triggered to switch to the normal working status. If the parameters at the second moment meet the photovoltaic abnormal status judgment conditions, the command is triggered to switch to a higher priority photovoltaic abnormal status.

[0055] Scenario 5: If the first device status is an abnormal weather condition, and the parameters no longer meet the abnormal weather condition judgment conditions at the second moment, it will switch to normal operation status; if the parameters meet the battery undervoltage alarm judgment conditions at the second moment, it will switch to a higher priority battery undervoltage alarm status.

[0056] Scenario 6: The first device is in a poor communication signal state. At the second moment, the second communication signal strength is 15, which does not meet the judgment condition of poor communication signal state. The state switching command is immediately triggered to switch to the communication recovery state. After completing the offline data supplementation, it returns to the normal working state.

[0057] After the device completes the state switch, this embodiment can update the new device state to the first device state, reload the corresponding switching conditions, and enter the next round of cyclic monitoring, ensuring that there is only one valid device state at any given time, without logical conflicts or state coexistence issues.

[0058] This embodiment forms a closed-loop, conflict-free state machine management system by matching differentiated state switching conditions to different device states, avoiding logical conflicts and frequent state transitions when multiple anomalies occur concurrently. This embodiment also employs a continuous duration-based anti-jitter verification mechanism to prevent erroneous switching caused by instantaneous parameter fluctuations, improving the stability of state determination. A high-priority anomaly-first transition rule ensures timely handling of high-risk faults, reducing equipment operational risks and improving operational efficiency and power supply system reliability.

[0059] S104: If the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength meet the state switching conditions, then the second device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined based on the state switching instruction; the second device state includes one of multiple device states.

[0060] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method further includes: If the first device is in a poor communication signal state and the second communication signal strength does not meet the judgment condition for a poor communication signal state, then the fourth time period is determined based on the second time and the fourth duration threshold, the communication signal strength data of the fourth time period is obtained, and the communication recovery duration is determined based on the communication signal strength data of the fourth time period. If the communication recovery duration is not less than the preset fourth duration threshold, then the first device is switched from a poor communication signal state to a communication recovery state. The condition for switching the communication recovery state is: the communication signal strength is lower than the preset communication signal threshold.

[0061] In this embodiment, the fourth time period is a continuous monitoring period used to verify signal stability after the communication signal strength leaves the communication signal poor judgment range. For example, the fourth time period is set to a 5-second period starting from the second moment, used to continuously track the recovery status of the communication signal. The communication recovery duration refers to the continuous cumulative time during which the communication signal strength continuously fails to meet the communication signal poor state judgment conditions. For example, if the communication signal is stable within the normally reportable range for 5 consecutive seconds, the communication recovery duration is 5 seconds. The preset fourth duration threshold is a pre-set anti-shake verification duration for stable communication signal recovery. It is determined by actual measurement of the longest duration of instantaneous fluctuations in communication signals in field deployment scenarios and can be set to 5 seconds to cover the longest recovery time of instantaneous signal interruptions in mountainous and desert scenarios. The communication recovery state is a transitional state specifically used to perform batch offline data replenishment after the device switches from the communication signal poor state. It corresponds to the standardized transitional working condition of the device operation. For example, after the device signal stabilizes and recovers, it enters the communication recovery state and performs replenishment operations on historical cached running data.

[0062] This embodiment addresses the core shortcomings of existing technologies, such as poor data transmission reliability, data loss in weak network environments, and monitoring gaps. Addressing the issue of transient signal interruptions and fluctuations in field scenarios, this embodiment sets a fourth duration threshold for anti-jitter verification, preventing frequent state transitions and failed data reporting due to instantaneous signal recovery. This embodiment establishes a separate communication recovery transition state specifically for handling offline data reporting operations, ensuring complete data uploads throughout all operating hours. Furthermore, this embodiment clearly defines the switching rules for the communication recovery state, forming a closed-loop management system that does not interfere with the determination and handling of high-priority faults, achieving orderly compatibility between communication control and fault identification.

[0063] For example, the communication signal threshold can be set to 12, which is the industry-standard CSQ threshold for communication signal strength. A value of 12 or higher can stably complete data reporting, while a value below 12 is considered a poor communication signal. The preset fourth duration threshold is set to 5 seconds. Based on typical deployment scenarios such as mountainous areas and deserts, the longest duration of instantaneous interruptions and fluctuations in communication signals measured over 15 consecutive days is 3 seconds, which is then superimposed with a safety redundancy coefficient of 1.7. The second time period matches the fourth duration threshold and is set to 5 seconds. The data sampling period is set to 1 second, the normal state data reporting period is set to 60 seconds, and the maximum storage capacity of the local circular cache is set to 10,000 records, which can cover the full amount of data storage for more than 7 days of offline operation of the device.

[0064] After the device completes the initial state determination and determines that the first device state is a poor communication signal state, it immediately executes the corresponding control operations: it stops reporting real-time data to the master station, starts a local cyclic caching mechanism, and cyclically writes the timestamped photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, battery voltage, battery charging current, communication signal strength, and current device state collected every second into the local non-volatile memory; at the same time, this embodiment can continuously collect the second communication signal strength at the subsequent second moment according to a fixed sampling period of 1 second. After each collection is completed, it is compared with the preset communication signal threshold to verify whether the determination conditions of the poor communication signal state are still met.

[0065] When the strength of the second communication signal collected at a certain second moment is 15, which does not meet the judgment condition of poor communication signal state (i.e., the communication signal strength is not lower than the preset communication signal threshold), this embodiment can immediately start the continuous monitoring process of the second time period. Following a 1-second sampling period, it continuously collects communication signal strength data for the next 5 seconds, stores each set of valid data in the device's temporary register, and simultaneously calculates the cumulative communication recovery duration. If, during the monitoring of the second time period, the communication signal strength collected at a certain moment falls below 12 again, this embodiment can immediately clear the currently accumulated communication recovery duration, terminate the current continuous monitoring, and return to the continuous monitoring and data caching process for the poor communication signal state.

[0066] Once the second period of continuous monitoring is completed, the cumulative duration of the communication recovery state reaches 5 seconds, which equals the preset fourth duration threshold. This satisfies the state switching condition corresponding to the poor communication signal state, and the corresponding state switching command is immediately triggered, switching the device's first device state from the poor communication signal state to the communication recovery state. After the state switching is completed, the caching operation of new local running data is immediately stopped, all historical cached data with timestamps are retrieved from the local memory, and batch supplementary data packets are generated in order of timestamp from earliest to latest, and supplementary reporting operations are performed to the main station.

[0067] During the communication recovery reporting process, this embodiment can continuously collect the current communication signal strength at a 1-second cycle and match the state switching conditions corresponding to the communication recovery state: if the communication signal strength collected at a certain moment during the reporting process is lower than the preset communication signal threshold again, the current data reporting is immediately stopped, the reporting breakpoint is recorded, a state switching command is triggered, the device state is switched back to the poor communication signal state, and local data caching continues; if all historical cached data is fully reported and the communication signal strength remains stable above the threshold, a state switching command is immediately triggered, the device state is switched to normal working state, and the 60-second cycle timed data reporting mechanism is restored.

[0068] Throughout the entire process of poor communication signal state and communication recovery state, this embodiment can simultaneously and continuously collect three core parameters: photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, battery voltage, and battery charging current. It also synchronously executes high-priority fault determination operations according to preset fault priority rules. If, during the poor communication signal state and communication recovery state, the collected parameters meet the determination conditions for high-priority anomalies such as battery fault or photovoltaic anomaly, the corresponding state switch and alarm recording are immediately prioritized, while communication status monitoring and data caching are not interrupted, ensuring that high-priority faults are not masked by communication anomalies.

[0069] This embodiment verifies the duration of communication recovery to prevent frequent status transitions caused by instantaneous signal fluctuations in outdoor scenarios, ensuring a stable and reliable communication link. Independent communication recovery status enables complete offline data reporting, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies such as data loss and monitoring gaps, and improving the continuity and data integrity of remote device management.

[0070] Based on the same principle as the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method provided in the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide a photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification device, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification device 20 may specifically include: a status determination module 21, a real-time data acquisition module 22, a status switching rule determination module 23, and a status update module 24.

[0071] Among them, the status determination module 21 is used to determine the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the first photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current and the first communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at the first moment; the first equipment status includes one of multiple equipment statuses, including normal operation status, abnormal weather status, abnormal photovoltaic status, battery undervoltage alarm status, battery fault status and poor communication signal status. Real-time data acquisition module 22 is used to acquire the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, second battery voltage, second battery charging current, and second communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at a second moment; the second moment is after the first moment. The state switching rule determination module 23 is used to determine the state switching conditions and state switching instructions corresponding to the first device state; The status update module 24 is used to determine the second device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the status switching command if the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength meet the status switching conditions; the second device status includes one of multiple device statuses.

[0072] In one embodiment of this application, the state determination module 21 is specifically used for: If the conditions for determining normal working status are met, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be normal working status. If the conditions for determining normal working status are not met, then the first battery status determination operation will be performed. The normal operating condition determination condition is as follows: if the first photovoltaic open circuit voltage is not less than the preset lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open circuit voltage and not greater than the preset upper limit of the photovoltaic normal open circuit voltage, the first battery voltage is higher than the preset battery undervoltage threshold, the first battery charging current is in the preset battery charging current range and the first communication signal strength is higher than the preset communication signal threshold, then the first equipment state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be the normal operating state. The first battery status determination operation includes: if the battery fault status determination conditions are met, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a battery fault status. The first battery status determination condition is as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is not less than the preset lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage and not greater than the preset upper limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage is not higher than the battery undervoltage threshold, and the first battery charging current is less than the minimum effective charging current threshold, then the first time period after the first moment is determined based on the first duration threshold, the battery voltage data and battery charging current data of the first time period are obtained, the battery voltage over-limit duration is determined based on the battery voltage data of the first time period, and the battery current over-limit duration is determined based on the battery charging current data of the first time period. If both the battery voltage over-limit duration and the battery current over-limit duration are not less than the preset first duration threshold, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a battery fault status.

[0073] In one embodiment of this application, the state determination module 21 is further configured to: If the conditions for determining photovoltaic abnormal state are met, then the first equipment state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a photovoltaic abnormal state. If the conditions for determining the battery undervoltage alarm state are met, then the first equipment state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be the battery undervoltage alarm state. The photovoltaic abnormal state determination conditions are as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is not greater than the preset photovoltaic abnormal determination voltage threshold, then the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data for the first time period after the first moment is obtained, and the photovoltaic over-limit duration is determined based on the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data for the first time period; if the photovoltaic over-limit duration is not less than the preset second duration threshold, and the first device state is not determined to be a battery fault state, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a photovoltaic abnormal state; the photovoltaic abnormal determination voltage threshold is less than the lower limit of the normal photovoltaic open-circuit voltage. Battery fault conditions have a higher priority than photovoltaic abnormal conditions. The conditions for determining the battery undervoltage alarm state are as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is not less than the preset lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage and not greater than the preset upper limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage is not higher than the battery undervoltage threshold, and the first battery charging current is not less than the minimum effective charging current threshold, then the battery voltage data for the first time period after the first moment is obtained, and the battery voltage over-limit duration is determined based on the battery voltage data for the first time period; if the battery voltage over-limit duration is not less than the preset first duration threshold, and the first device state is not determined to be either a battery fault state or a photovoltaic abnormal state, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a battery undervoltage alarm state. Photovoltaic abnormal status has a higher priority than battery undervoltage alarm status.

[0074] In one embodiment of this application, the state determination module 21 is further configured to: If the conditions for determining abnormal weather conditions are met, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be an abnormal weather condition. If the conditions for determining poor communication signal status are met, then the first device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be poor communication signal status. The weather abnormality determination criteria are as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is greater than the preset photovoltaic abnormality determination voltage threshold and less than the lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage, then the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data for the first time period is obtained, and the photovoltaic over-limit duration is determined based on the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data for the first time period; if the photovoltaic over-limit duration is not less than the preset second duration threshold, and the first equipment status is not determined to be any of the battery fault status, photovoltaic abnormal status, and battery undervoltage alarm status, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a weather abnormality. The priority of the battery low voltage alarm status is higher than the priority of the weather abnormal status status; The condition for determining the poor communication signal state is as follows: if the strength of the first communication signal is lower than the preset communication signal threshold, and the first device state is not determined to be any of the following: normal working state, battery fault state, photovoltaic abnormal state, battery undervoltage alarm state, and weather abnormal state, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be the poor communication signal state. Abnormal weather conditions have a higher priority than poor communication signal conditions.

[0075] In one embodiment of this application, the state transition rule determination module 23 is specifically used for: If the first device is in normal working condition, the condition for state switching is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength meet the battery fault condition, or meet the photovoltaic abnormal condition, or meet the battery undervoltage alarm condition, or meet the weather abnormal condition, or meet the communication signal poor condition. If the first device is in a battery fault state, the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, and the second battery charging current do not meet the battery fault state determination conditions, and the duration of the battery fault state is not less than the preset first duration threshold. If the first device is in a photovoltaic abnormal state, the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage does not meet the photovoltaic abnormal state determination condition and the duration of the photovoltaic abnormal state is not less than the preset second duration threshold, or the battery fault state determination condition is met.

[0076] In one embodiment of this application, the state transition rule determination module 23 is further configured to: If the first device is in a battery undervoltage alarm state, the state switching conditions are determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength do not meet the battery undervoltage alarm state determination conditions and the duration of the battery undervoltage alarm state is not less than the preset first duration threshold, or the battery fault state determination conditions are met, or the photovoltaic abnormal state determination conditions are met. If the first device is in an abnormal weather state, the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage and the second battery voltage do not meet the abnormal weather state determination condition and the duration of the abnormal weather state is not less than the preset second duration threshold, or the battery fault state determination condition is met, or the photovoltaic abnormal state determination condition is met, or the battery undervoltage alarm state determination condition is met. If the first device is in a poor communication signal state, then the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second communication signal strength does not meet the poor communication signal state determination condition.

[0077] In one embodiment of this application, the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification device 20 further includes: a communication recovery status determination module, used for: If the first device is in a poor communication signal state and the second communication signal strength does not meet the judgment condition for a poor communication signal state, then the fourth time period is determined based on the second time and the fourth duration threshold, the communication signal strength data of the fourth time period is obtained, and the communication recovery duration is determined based on the communication signal strength data of the fourth time period. If the communication recovery duration is not less than the preset fourth duration threshold, then the first device is switched from a poor communication signal state to a communication recovery state. The condition for switching the communication recovery state is: the communication signal strength is lower than the preset communication signal threshold.

[0078] The apparatus in this application embodiment can execute the method provided in this application embodiment, and the implementation principle is similar. The actions performed by each module in the apparatus of each embodiment of this application correspond to the steps in the method of each embodiment of this application. For detailed functional descriptions of each module of the apparatus, please refer to the descriptions in the corresponding methods shown above, which will not be repeated here.

[0079] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device to which this application embodiment applies is shown, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device can be used to implement the methods provided in any embodiment of this application.

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 300 may primarily include at least one processor 301. Figure 3 The diagram shows components such as a memory 302, a communication module 303, and an input / output interface 304. Optionally, these components can be connected and communicate with each other via a bus 305. It should be noted that... Figure 3 The structure of the electronic device 300 shown is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation on the electronic devices to which the methods provided in the embodiments of this application are applicable.

[0081] The memory 302 can be used to store operating systems and applications, etc. The applications can include computer programs that implement the methods shown in the embodiments of this application when invoked by the processor 301, and can also include programs for implementing other functions or services. The memory 302 can be ROM (Read Only Memory) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, RAM (Random Access Memory) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and computer programs, or it can be EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0082] Processor 301 is connected to memory 302 via bus 305 and implements corresponding functions by calling the application programs stored in memory 302. Processor 301 can be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a general-purpose processor, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. Processor 301 can also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0083] Electronic device 300 can connect to a network via communication module 303 (which may include, but is not limited to, components such as a network interface) to communicate with other devices (such as user terminals or servers) through the network and achieve data interaction, such as sending data to or receiving data from other devices. Communication module 303 may include wired network interfaces and / or wireless network interfaces, meaning the communication module may include at least one of wired or wireless communication modules.

[0084] The electronic device 300 can connect to necessary input / output devices, such as a keyboard and display device, via the input / output interface 304. The electronic device 300 itself may have a display device, and other display devices can also be connected externally via the interface 304. Optionally, a storage device, such as a hard drive, can also be connected via the interface 304 to store data from the electronic device 300, retrieve data from the storage device, or store data from the storage device in the memory 302. It is understood that the input / output interface 304 can be a wired interface or a wireless interface. Depending on the actual application scenario, the device connected to the input / output interface 304 can be a component of the electronic device 300 or an external device connected to the electronic device 300 when needed.

[0085] The bus 305 used to connect the components may include a path for transmitting information between the components. The bus 305 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, etc. Depending on its function, the bus 305 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc.

[0086] Optionally, for the solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the memory 302 can be used to store a computer program that executes the solution of this application, and the processor 301 runs the computer program. When the processor 301 runs the computer program, it implements the operation of the method or apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0087] Based on the same principle as the method provided in the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, can implement the corresponding content of the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0088] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "1," "2," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that shown in the illustrations or text descriptions.

[0089] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "module" or "unit" refer to a computer program or part of a computer program that has a predetermined function and works with other related parts to achieve a predetermined goal, and can be implemented wholly or partially using software, hardware (such as processing circuitry or memory), or a combination thereof. Similarly, a processor (or multiple processors or memory) can be used to implement one or more modules or units. Furthermore, each module or unit can be part of an overall module or unit that includes the functionality of that module or unit.

[0090] It should be understood that although arrows indicate various operation steps in the flowcharts of this application's embodiments, the order in which these steps are implemented is not limited to the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, in some implementation scenarios of this application's embodiments, the implementation steps in each flowchart can be executed in other orders as required. Furthermore, some or all steps in each flowchart, based on the actual implementation scenario, may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. Some or all of these sub-steps or stages can be executed at the same time, and each sub-step or stage can also be executed at different times. In scenarios where execution times differ, the execution order of these sub-steps or stages can be flexibly configured according to requirements, and this application's embodiments do not limit this.

[0091] The above description is only an optional implementation method for some implementation scenarios of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, other similar implementation methods based on the technical concept of this application without departing from the technical concept of this application also fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for fault identification of photovoltaic power supply equipment, characterized in that, include: The first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined based on the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current, and the first communication signal strength at the first moment. The first device state includes one of a plurality of device states, which include normal operation state, abnormal weather state, abnormal photovoltaic state, battery undervoltage alarm state, battery fault state, and poor communication signal state. The system acquires the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at a second time point; the second time point is after the first time point. Determine the state switching conditions and state switching instructions corresponding to the state of the first device; If the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength meet the state switching conditions, then the second device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined based on the state switching instruction; the second device state includes one of multiple device states.

2. The photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current, and the first communication signal strength at a first moment includes: If the conditions for determining normal working status are met, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be normal working status. If the conditions for determining normal working status are not met, then the first battery status determination operation will be performed. The normal operating state determination condition is as follows: if the first photovoltaic open circuit voltage is not less than the preset lower limit of photovoltaic normal open circuit voltage and not greater than the preset upper limit of photovoltaic normal open circuit voltage, the first battery voltage is higher than the preset battery undervoltage threshold, the first battery charging current is in the preset battery charging current range and the first communication signal strength is higher than the preset communication signal threshold, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a normal operating state. The first battery status determination operation includes: if the battery fault status determination conditions are met, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a battery fault status. The first battery status determination condition is as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is not less than the preset lower limit of photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage and not greater than the preset upper limit of photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage is not higher than the battery undervoltage threshold, and the first battery charging current is less than the minimum effective charging current threshold, then based on the first duration threshold, a first time period after the first moment is determined, and battery voltage data and battery charging current data for the first time period are obtained. Based on the battery voltage data for the first time period, the battery voltage over-limit duration is determined, and based on the battery charging current data for the first time period, the battery current over-limit duration is determined. If both the battery voltage over-limit duration and the battery current over-limit duration are not less than the preset first duration threshold, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a battery fault status.

3. The photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method of determining the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current, and the first communication signal strength at a first moment also includes: If the conditions for determining photovoltaic abnormal state are met, then the first equipment state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a photovoltaic abnormal state. If the conditions for determining the battery undervoltage alarm state are met, then the first equipment state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be the battery undervoltage alarm state. The photovoltaic abnormal state determination conditions are as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is not greater than a preset photovoltaic abnormal determination voltage threshold, then a second time period after the first moment is determined based on a second duration threshold, photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data for the second time period is obtained, and the photovoltaic over-limit duration is determined based on the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data for the second time period; if the photovoltaic over-limit duration is not less than a preset second duration threshold, and the first device state is not determined to be a battery fault state, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a photovoltaic abnormal state; the photovoltaic abnormal determination voltage threshold is less than the lower limit of the normal photovoltaic open-circuit voltage. The priority of the battery fault state is higher than the priority of the photovoltaic abnormal state. The conditions for determining the battery undervoltage alarm state are as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is not less than the preset lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage and not greater than the preset upper limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage is not higher than the battery undervoltage threshold, and the first battery charging current is not less than the minimum effective charging current threshold, then the battery voltage data for the first time period after the first moment is obtained, and the battery voltage over-limit duration is determined based on the battery voltage data for the first time period; if the battery voltage over-limit duration is not less than the preset first duration threshold, and the first device state is not determined to be either a battery fault state or a photovoltaic abnormal state, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a battery undervoltage alarm state. The photovoltaic abnormal state has a higher priority than the battery undervoltage alarm state.

4. The photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method of determining the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current, and the first communication signal strength at a first moment also includes: If the conditions for determining abnormal weather conditions are met, then the first equipment status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be an abnormal weather condition. If the conditions for determining poor communication signal status are met, then the first device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be poor communication signal status. The weather abnormality determination condition is as follows: if the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage is greater than a preset photovoltaic abnormality determination voltage threshold and less than the lower limit of the photovoltaic normal open-circuit voltage, then a third time period after the first moment is determined based on a third duration threshold, photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data of the third time period is obtained, and photovoltaic over-limit duration is determined based on the photovoltaic open-circuit voltage data of the third time period; if the photovoltaic over-limit duration is not less than a preset third duration threshold, and the first device status is not determined to be any of the battery fault status, photovoltaic abnormal status, and battery undervoltage alarm status, then the first device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a weather abnormality. The priority of the battery undervoltage alarm status is higher than the priority of the abnormal weather status. The condition for determining the poor communication signal state is as follows: if the strength of the first communication signal is lower than the preset communication signal threshold, and the first device state is not determined to be any of the following: normal working state, battery fault state, photovoltaic abnormal state, battery undervoltage alarm state, and weather abnormal state, then the first device state of the photovoltaic power supply equipment is determined to be a poor communication signal state. The priority of the abnormal weather condition is higher than the priority of the poor communication signal condition.

5. The photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the state transition conditions corresponding to the first device state includes: If the first device is in normal working condition, then the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current and the second communication signal strength meet the battery fault state determination condition, or meet the photovoltaic abnormal state determination condition, or meet the battery undervoltage alarm state determination condition, or meet the weather abnormal state determination condition, or meet the communication signal poor state determination condition. If the first device is in a battery fault state, the state switching condition is determined to be: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, and the second battery charging current do not meet the battery fault state determination conditions, and the duration of the battery fault state is not less than the preset first duration threshold. If the first device is in a photovoltaic abnormal state, the state switching condition is determined to be: the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage does not meet the photovoltaic abnormal state determination condition and the duration of the photovoltaic abnormal state is not less than the preset second duration threshold, or the battery fault state determination condition is met.

6. The photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the state transition conditions corresponding to the first device state also includes: If the first device is in a battery undervoltage alarm state, then the state switching condition is determined to be: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current and the second communication signal strength do not meet the battery undervoltage alarm state determination condition and the duration of the battery undervoltage alarm state is not less than the preset first duration threshold, or meet the battery fault state determination condition or meet the photovoltaic abnormal state determination condition. If the first device is in an abnormal weather state, the state switching condition is determined as follows: the second photovoltaic open circuit voltage and the second battery voltage do not meet the abnormal weather state determination condition and the duration of the abnormal weather state is not less than the preset second duration threshold, or the battery fault state determination condition is met, or the photovoltaic abnormal state determination condition is met, or the battery undervoltage alarm state determination condition is met. If the first device is in a poor communication signal state, then the state switching condition is determined to be: the second communication signal strength does not meet the poor communication signal state determination condition.

7. The photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: If the first device is in a poor communication signal state and the second communication signal strength does not meet the poor communication signal state determination condition, then a fourth time period is determined based on the second time and the fourth duration threshold, communication signal strength data of the fourth time period is obtained, and communication recovery duration is determined based on the communication signal strength data of the fourth time period. If the communication recovery duration is not less than the preset fourth duration threshold, then the first device is switched from the poor communication signal state to the communication recovery state. The condition for switching the communication recovery state is that the communication signal strength is lower than a preset communication signal threshold.

8. A fault identification device for photovoltaic power supply equipment, characterized in that, include: The status determination module is used to determine the first device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the first photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the first battery voltage, the first battery charging current, and the first communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at the first moment; the first device status includes one of a plurality of device statuses, which include normal operation status, abnormal weather status, abnormal photovoltaic status, battery undervoltage alarm status, battery fault status, and poor communication signal status. The real-time data acquisition module is used to acquire the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength of the photovoltaic power supply equipment at a second time point; the second time point is after the first time point. The state transition rule determination module is used to determine the state transition conditions and state transition instructions corresponding to the state of the first device. The status update module is used to determine the second device status of the photovoltaic power supply equipment based on the status switching instruction if the second photovoltaic open-circuit voltage, the second battery voltage, the second battery charging current, and the second communication signal strength meet the status switching conditions; the second device status includes one of multiple device statuses.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when running the computer program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the photovoltaic power supply equipment fault identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images