A whole growth period active cold resistance high efficiency cultivation method for cabbage seedlings

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of whole growth period active cold resistance efficient cultivation methods of cabbage seedling, it is related to agricultural planting technical field, the specific steps of the method are as follows: selecting the growth of healthy cabbage seed mother plant, sprays 5-azacytidine and abscisic acid mixed solution, after seed ripening, air-drying is preserved;Seed disinfection is planted in seedling substrate hole tray, conventional management is until 2 leaf 1 heart period;The root group of seedling is placed in low temperature and suitable temperature two independent culture rooms and is carried out partition domestication;After domestication is completed, planting is planted in field, and water and fertilizer management and the prevention and cure of plant disease and insect pest until harvest;The application is improved low-temperature tolerance characteristics and stable genetic offspring by directional cold resistance induction of cabbage bolting period and seed standard treatment from germplasm source head;Root system partition difference temperature domestication is used, avoid root hair root tip damage, maintain normal water and fertilizer absorption function;And supporting link domestication, planting, whole cycle cultivation management system of management, significantly improve planting survival rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period. Background Technology

[0002] Cabbage is a major leafy vegetable, grown throughout both northern and southern China, with early spring open-field cultivation, northern regions, and high-altitude areas being the core growing areas. These regions experience unstable early spring weather, with frequent low-temperature disasters such as late frosts and sudden cold snaps. Cabbage seedlings are weak in resistance and easily wilt and stunt growth after being exposed to low temperatures, sometimes even dying, significantly reducing field survival rates and total yield. Currently, most production methods to combat low-temperature damage involve passive protection measures such as field mulching, temporary warming, and spraying heat-retaining agents, which only alleviate short-term symptoms and cannot solve the fundamental problem. Developing proactive cold-resistant cultivation techniques for cabbage has become an urgent need for the vegetable planting industry in low-temperature production areas.

[0003] Existing cold-resistant cabbage cultivation techniques have significant technical problems and cannot meet the needs of long-term cold-resistant production: Traditional seed-saving methods only select physically robust mother plants without inducing cold resistance at the genetic level, resulting in seeds with inherently weak cold resistance traits and poor basic cold resistance in seedlings; current low-temperature acclimatization methods for seedlings often involve uniform low-temperature treatment of the entire plant root system without adopting a root-regional acclimatization model, which easily causes frost damage to root tips and root hairs, impairs root absorption function, and results in uneven acclimatization effects, which can also affect the normal growth of seedlings; existing technologies mostly focus on single-stage protection during the seedling stage or in the field, without forming a complete cold-resistant system throughout the entire growth period, leading to insufficient sustained cold resistance in seedlings when encountering continuous low temperatures after transplanting; at the same time, conventional cold-resistant agents are only for emergency protection and cannot continuously activate the plant's cold resistance mechanism, ultimately resulting in poor growth and reduced head quality after cabbage is damaged by frost, severely limiting the large-scale and efficient cultivation of cabbage in low-temperature areas.

[0004] In summary, current cold-resistant cabbage cultivation techniques generally suffer from three core problems: lack of cold-resistance trait improvement in seed sources, unreasonable root cold-temperature acclimatization processes, and fragmented cold-resistance management. Relying solely on external protection is merely a stopgap measure, increasing field management costs and failing to stabilize yield and quality. To address these technical challenges, this invention proposes a proactive, high-efficiency cold-resistant cultivation method for cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth cycle. This method constructs a complete technical process from genetic cold-resistance induction in mother plants, seed treatment, directional root acclimatization, to field management. It enhances the inherent cold-resistance of seedlings, reduces reliance on external insulation measures, effectively resists various low-temperature stresses, and achieves stable yield, improved quality, and high-efficiency cabbage cultivation in low-temperature environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a method for the active cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth cycle. This method involves selecting vigorous seed-producing mother plants, spraying them with pesticides during the bolting stage to induce cold resistance, and harvesting and storing the seeds after they mature. After disinfecting the seeds, they are sown and raised as seedlings. The seedling environment and water and fertilizer supply are carefully controlled to cultivate robust seedlings. Once the seedlings reach a suitable age, the root systems are placed in different cultivation environments in different zones, and the roots are gradually cooled to acclimate to cold resistance. The seedlings are then transplanted to the field. Before transplanting, the land is deeply plowed and base fertilizer is applied. During the plant growth stage, topdressing is applied in stages according to the plant's growth, and water is controlled appropriately. Field warming and protection measures are implemented during low-temperature weather, while pest and disease control is also carried out.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period, the specific steps of which are as follows: S100, Genetic Cold Resistance Induction Treatment: Select healthy cabbage seed mother plants that are free from pests and diseases, have completed vernalization, and are in the early bolting stage. Spray a mixture of 5-azacytosine and abscisic acid at the early bolting stage. Harvest and dry the seeds after they are fully mature. S200. Seed pretreatment and sowing: Disinfect the harvested seeds, rinse them clean, and sow them in seedling trays filled with seedling substrate. Cover the substrate and place the trays in the seedling environment. S300, routine seedling management: control the temperature and humidity of the seedling environment, regularly irrigate with nutrient solution, and cultivate seedlings to the 2-leaf and 1-heart stage; S400, Root Region Directional Acclimatization: Remove the seedlings at the 2-leaf-1-heart stage completely from the seedling trays, divide the root system into two parts, and place them into two independent root culture chambers. Perform low-temperature treatment on one culture chamber and maintain a suitable temperature in the other culture chamber. Remove the seedlings after acclimatization is completed. S500, Transplanting and Field Management: Transplant the domesticated seedlings into the field, and carry out water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control until harvest.

[0007] Furthermore, the cabbage mother plants are free from mechanical damage, have uniform growth vigor, and are planted at a density of 1,500 to 2,000 plants per acre; the main bolting stalk is 5 to 10 cm tall at the early bolting stage; when spraying, the mixed solution is evenly sprayed on the leaves of the mother plants and the surface of the young seed pods; if it rains within 24 hours after spraying the mixed solution, it needs to be re-sprayed; after the seeds are harvested, they are dried in a ventilated and shady place until the moisture content is 8% to 10%, and then stored in sealed bags in an environment of 0 to 4℃.

[0008] Furthermore, the concentration of 5-azacytidine in the mixture is 20 μmol / L to 100 μmol / L, the concentration of abscisic acid is 5 μmol / L to 30 μmol / L, and 0.05% Tween 80 is added to the mixture as a surfactant. It is sprayed once every 7 days for 2 consecutive times. The amount of spraying each time should be enough to evenly wet the surface of the leaves of the mother plant and the young seed pods. The spraying time is from 9:00 to 11:00 am on a sunny day, and the ambient temperature is 15°C to 25°C.

[0009] Furthermore, the disinfection treatment involves disinfecting the seeds with a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes, followed by rinsing with sterile water three times until no residue remains. The seedling substrate is a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, with a pH value of 6.0 to 7.0. 50-cell standard seedling trays are used, with one seed sown in each cell. After sowing, the seeds are covered with a 0.5cm thick layer of seedling substrate, and the surface of the substrate is gently compacted.

[0010] Furthermore, the daytime temperature of the seedling cultivation environment is controlled at 20℃ to 25℃, the nighttime temperature at 15℃ to 18℃, the relative humidity at 60% to 70%, the daily light duration at 14 hours, and the light intensity at 300 μmol / m². 2 •s; After emergence, water with half concentration of Hoglund nutrient solution once every 3 days. Each watering amount is 50% to 70% of the saturated water holding capacity of the seedling substrate, corresponding to 5 mL to 8 mL per hole. When watering, use a dropper to slowly inject the nutrient solution into the seedling substrate along the wall of the seedling tray to avoid splashing the nutrient solution directly onto the leaf surface.

[0011] Furthermore, after thoroughly watering the seedling substrate in the seedling tray, the seedling is removed and the substrate is carefully shaken off the roots to keep the root system intact. The entire root system of the seedling is divided into two parts without cutting the main root, and each part retains complete root hairs and root tips. The two parts of the root system are placed in two separate root culture chambers, and the base of the root system is fixed with absorbent cotton to ensure that the root system is completely immersed in the nutrient solution and that the root system does not come into contact with the walls of the culture chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature of the incubation chamber for the low-temperature treatment is set according to the following gradient cooling formula: ,in, The target temperature of the low-temperature treatment chamber on day i is expressed in °C; i is the acclimatization day number, which can be 1, 2, 3, ..., N; N is the total number of acclimatization days, N=10; The initial low-temperature treatment temperature is between 15℃ and 18℃. The final low-temperature treatment temperature was set between 5°C and 8°C; the temperature in the other culture chamber was controlled at 20°C; the light conditions in both culture chambers were identical, with a light intensity of 300 μmol / m². 2•s, light duration 14 hours / day, every 2 days replace half-concentration Hoglund nutrient solution in each of the two culture chambers, cleaning any adhering substances from the inner walls of the culture chambers each time the nutrient solution is replaced; during the acclimatization period, the temperature in the low-temperature treatment chamber is increased from the first day's temperature. Linearly decreases until day 10 The daily decrease is .

[0013] Furthermore, the total time for the directional acclimatization of the root area is 10 days. During the acclimatization period, the seedlings grow new roots with white root tips and no wilting of leaves as the indicators for terminating the acclimatization. After the acclimatization is completed, the seedlings are taken out of the cultivation room, rinsed with clean water to remove the residual nutrient solution on the surface of the root system, and placed in a cool place to dry for 10 to 20 minutes before being ready for transplanting.

[0014] Furthermore, the transplanting time is 10 to 15 days before the last frost. 15 days before transplanting, the field is deeply plowed and turned over to a depth of 25cm to 30cm. 3000kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 50kg of NPK compound fertilizer are applied per mu as base fertilizer. When transplanting, a wide-narrow row planting method is adopted, with wide rows 55cm to 65cm apart and narrow rows 35cm to 45cm apart, and a plant spacing of 30cm to 40cm. 3200 to 3300 plants are planted per mu.

[0015] Furthermore, immediately after transplanting, thoroughly water the plants to help them establish roots. The seedling establishment period is 3 to 5 days, marked by the beginning of the growth of the heart leaves and the plants standing upright without wilting. After the seedling establishment period, apply 10 kg of urea per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). In the early stage of heading, apply 20 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per mu. In the middle stage of heading, apply 15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Throughout the growing season, keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. In cold weather, lay black mulch in the field to increase soil temperature. Carry out routine pest and disease control, which includes agricultural, physical, and biological control methods. Specifically, promptly remove weeds and diseased plant debris from the field, use yellow sticky traps to kill aphids, and spray Bacillus thuringiensis to control cabbage caterpillars.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period has the following beneficial effects: I. This invention improves the low-temperature resistance of cabbage seed plants by inducing targeted cold resistance during the bolting stage, combined with standardized seed harvesting, drying, storage, and disinfection procedures, thereby enhancing the plant's low-temperature tolerance from the germplasm source. It abandons the traditional method of relying solely on external facilities and chemicals for low-temperature protection, instead leveraging the synergistic effect of bioregulators to continuously awaken the plant's endogenous cold-resistance physiological mechanisms, ensuring that superior cold-resistance traits are stably passed on to offspring through seeds. Simultaneously, it employs standardized seedling environments and substrate management models to create a balanced and stable seedling growth environment, cultivating seedlings with uniform growth and robust constitution. This germplasm-level improvement fundamentally enhances the seedlings' innate cold resistance, effectively reducing seedling wilting, growth stagnation, and even death under low-temperature conditions. It also reduces the investment in temporary field insulation, further simplifying the management process during seedling cultivation.

[0017] II. This invention addresses the problem of traditional whole-plant low-temperature acclimatization, which easily damages key tissues such as root hairs and root tips, by implementing zoned differentiated temperature acclimatization of seedling roots and using a gradual gradient cooling mode to train the roots' low-temperature tolerance. Throughout the acclimatization process, the root structure remains intact, maintaining normal water and nutrient absorption, allowing seedlings to maintain stable growth while completing cold-resistance training. The entire technology connects various stages, including seedling acclimatization, field transplanting, water and fertilizer supply, and field protection, forming a coherent cultivation management system throughout the entire cycle. It also incorporates field-specific management methods to improve the field microenvironment and mitigate the adverse effects of low temperatures. This significantly improves the survival rate of cabbage after transplanting, ensures normal head formation and growth under low-temperature stress, avoids problems such as frost damage leading to declining growth and poor appearance, and steadily improves planting efficiency and the overall quality of agricultural products.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A step-by-step diagram of a method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period; Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the routine seedling management of a highly efficient, cold-resistant cultivation method for cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth cycle. Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the planting and field management of a highly efficient, cold-resistant cultivation method for cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth cycle. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0022] Example 1: S100 genetic cold resistance induction treatment. Select healthy, disease-free, and uniformly vigorous cabbage mother plants that have been continuously planted for at least three generations and exhibit stable growth. These mother plants should have completed vernalization and be in the early bolting stage, with a main bolt height of 7 cm. The planting density should be 1800 plants per acre. Prepare a mixture of 5-azacytidine and abscisic acid (ABA) at a concentration of 60 μmol / L and 15 μmol / L, respectively. Add 0.05% (w / w) of Tween 80 as a surfactant to the mixture. Use a backpack sprayer to evenly spray the mixture onto the leaves and young seed pods of the mother plants, adjusting the atomization to a fine mist to ensure even coverage on both sides of the leaves and young seed pods. Spraying should be done on sunny mornings from 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM at an ambient temperature of 20°C. Spray once every 7 days, for a total of 2 sprays. The amount sprayed each time should be enough to evenly moisten the leaves of the mother plant and the surface of the young seed pods. If it rains within 24 hours after spraying the mixture, re-spray. Harvest the seeds after they are fully mature. After harvesting, spread the seeds out in a well-ventilated, shady place to dry, with the thickness not exceeding 5cm. Turn them over twice a day to prevent localized heating and mold growth. Dry until the seed moisture content is 9%, then store them in a sealed bag at 2℃.

[0023] S200 Seed Pretreatment and Sowing. The harvested seeds were pre-soaked at room temperature for 2 hours, and then disinfected using a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. The pre-soaked seeds were placed in the sodium hypochlorite solution and stirred continuously to ensure that all seeds were fully in contact with the disinfectant for 10 minutes. After disinfection, the seeds were rinsed three times with sterile water, each rinse lasting at least one minute, until no disinfectant residue remained on the seed surface. The seedling substrate was prepared by mixing peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1. The peat moss was first sieved through a 2mm sieve to remove impurities and large particles, and then mixed evenly with the perlite and vermiculite in the specified ratio. Water was added to adjust the substrate moisture content to 60%, and the pH value of the seedling substrate was 6.5. The prepared seedling substrate was filled into 50-cell standard seedling trays, and the surface of the trays was gently leveled. One seed was sown in each cell, and after sowing, a 0.5cm thick layer of seedling substrate was added. The surface of the seedling substrate was then gently compacted, and the seedling trays were placed in an intelligent seedling greenhouse.

[0024] S300 routine seedling management. Control the environmental conditions in the seedling greenhouse: daytime temperature 22℃, nighttime temperature 16℃, relative humidity 65%, and use LED supplemental lighting with a red-blue light ratio of 3:1, providing 14 hours of light per day at a light intensity of 300 μmol / m². 2 • After emergence, water with half concentration Hoglund nutrient solution every 3 days, each time watering with 60% of the saturated water holding capacity of the seedling substrate, corresponding to 6 mL per cell; when watering, use a dropper to slowly inject into the seedling substrate along the wall of the seedling tray, with the dropper tip aimed at the junction of the inner wall of the seedling tray and the substrate, to avoid splashing the nutrient solution directly onto the leaf surface, and at the same time avoid dispersing the substrate and damaging the seedling roots, cultivate the seedlings to the 2-leaf and 1-heart stage.

[0025] S400 root zone acclimatization. Remove the two-leaf, one-heart stage seedlings completely from the seedling trays. Before removal, thoroughly water the seedling substrate in the trays to allow it to fully absorb water and expand. Then, gently push the seedling upwards through the drainage holes at the bottom of the tray with your fingers, avoiding pulling the roots. Carefully shake off the substrate from the roots and gently brush away any remaining substrate with a soft brush, keeping the root system intact and avoiding damage to root hairs and root tips. Divide the entire root system of the seedling into two equal parts without cutting the taproot. Use tweezers to naturally separate the roots along both sides of the taproot, ensuring that the number and length of roots in both parts are roughly the same, and that each part retains intact root hairs and root tips. Place the two root parts into two separate root culture chambers, securing the root base with absorbent cotton. Tear the absorbent cotton into thin sheets and wrap them around the junction of the root base and stem, ensuring moderate tightness to fix the plant without hindering water and nutrient transport, ensuring the roots are completely immersed in the nutrient solution and do not come into contact with the chamber walls. One culture chamber is subjected to low-temperature treatment, while the other is maintained at a suitable temperature. The temperature of the culture chamber undergoing low-temperature treatment is set according to the following gradient cooling formula. ,in Let N be the target temperature of the cryogenic treatment chamber on day i, where i is the acclimatization day number, and N is the total number of acclimatization days. This is the initial low-temperature treatment temperature. The final low-temperature treatment temperature was set at 16°C. In this embodiment, the total acclimatization period was 10 days. The initial low-temperature treatment temperature on day 1 was 16°C, and the final low-temperature treatment temperature on day 10 was 6°C, with a daily decrease of (16-6) / (10-1)≈1.11°C. The temperature in the low-temperature treatment chamber was 16°C on day 1, 14.89°C on day 2, and decreased sequentially to 6°C on day 10. The temperature in the other culture chamber was controlled at 20°C. The light conditions in both culture chambers were identical, with a light intensity of 300 μmol / m². 2• The light duration was 14 hours per day. Every two days, the 1 / 2 concentration of Hoglund nutrient solution was replaced in both culture chambers. When replacing the nutrient solution, the old solution was first drained from the culture chamber, and the inner walls of the culture chamber were rinsed three times with sterile water to remove any adhering substances. Then, an equal amount of new nutrient solution was added, ensuring that the concentration and pH of the nutrient solution remained stable. During the acclimatization period, the growth of the seedlings was observed. The acclimatization was terminated when the seedlings developed new roots with white root tips and no wilting of the leaves. In this example, the acclimatization was terminated after 10 days, with new roots reaching 1.5 cm in length, root tips that were clean and glossy, and leaves that were fully expanded without wilting or yellowing. After acclimatization, the seedlings were removed from the culture chamber, rinsed with clean water to remove any residual nutrient solution from the root surface, and placed in a cool, shaded place to dry for 15 minutes before transplanting.

[0026] S500 Planting and Field Management. Planting should be done 12 days before the last frost. 15 days before planting, deep plow and turn the soil in the field. Choose a flat, well-drained, fertile sandy loam soil. Plow to a depth of 28cm, then harrow and level the soil to create raised beds 15cm high. Apply 3000kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 50kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre as base fertilizer. Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the surface and then turn it into the soil, mixing thoroughly. Use a wide-narrow row planting method: 60cm between wide rows and 40cm between narrow rows, with a plant spacing of 35cm, planting 3250 plants per acre. Plant on a cloudy day to avoid direct sunlight causing seedling dehydration and wilting. The planting depth should be such that the cotyledon node of the seedling is level with the ground surface. Water thoroughly immediately after planting to ensure close contact between the soil and roots. The seedling establishment period is 4 days, marked by the beginning of heart leaf growth and upright, non-wilted plants. After establishment, apply 10 kg of urea per acre, placing it 10 cm away from the plant roots to avoid root burn. At the early heading stage, apply 20 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre, and at the mid-heading stage, apply 15 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. Throughout the growing season, maintain soil moisture by watering only when the soil is dry to the touch, keeping the soil moisture content between 50% and 60%. In cold weather, lay black mulch in the field to raise soil temperature, ensuring the mulch is taut and level, and compacting the edges with soil to suppress weed growth. Perform routine pest and disease control, including timely removal of weeds and diseased plant debris, using yellow sticky traps to kill aphids, and spraying Bacillus thuringiensis to control cabbage caterpillars until the cabbage is ripe and harvested. Figure 1 As shown.

[0027] Example 2: S100 genetic cold resistance induction treatment. Select healthy, disease-free, and uniformly vigorous cabbage mother plants that have been continuously planted for more than three generations, exhibiting stable growth, free from pests and diseases, and without mechanical damage. The mother plants should have completed vernalization and be in the early bolting stage, with a main bolt height of 5 cm. The planting density of mother plants is 1500 plants per acre. Prepare a mixture of 5-azacytidine and abscisic acid, with a concentration of 20 μmol / L for 5 μmol / L for 5-azacytidine and 0.05% (w / w) of Tween 80 as a surfactant. Using a backpack sprayer, evenly spray the mixture onto the leaves of the mother plant and the surface of the young seed pods. Adjust the atomization to a fine mist to ensure even coverage of both sides of the leaves and young seed pods. Spraying should be done on sunny mornings from 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM at an ambient temperature of 15°C. Spray once every 7 days for two consecutive applications. Each application should be enough to evenly moisten the leaves and young seed pods. If it rains within 24 hours of spraying the mixture, re-spray. Harvest the seeds when they are fully mature. After harvesting, spread the seeds out in a cool, well-ventilated place to dry, ensuring the thickness does not exceed 5 cm. Turn them twice daily to prevent localized heating and mold growth. Dry until the seed moisture content is 8%, then store them in sealed bags at 0°C.

[0028] S200 Seed Pretreatment and Sowing. Harvested seeds were pre-soaked at room temperature for 2 hours, then disinfected using a 0.5% (v / v) sodium hypochlorite solution. The pre-soaked seeds were placed in the sodium hypochlorite solution with constant stirring to ensure all seeds were fully in contact with the disinfectant. The disinfection time was 10 minutes. After disinfection, the seeds were rinsed three times with sterile water, each rinse lasting at least one minute, until no disinfectant residue remained on the seed surface. The seedling substrate was prepared by mixing peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite in a 3:1:1 (v / v) ratio. The peat moss was first sieved through a 2mm sieve to remove impurities and large particles, then mixed evenly with the perlite and vermiculite in the specified ratio. Water was added to adjust the substrate moisture content to 60%, and the pH of the seedling substrate was 6.0. Using a 50-cell standard seedling tray, fill the prepared seedling substrate into the tray, gently scrape the surface of the tray to level it, sow one seed in each cell, cover with 0.5cm of seedling substrate after sowing, gently compact the surface of the seedling substrate, and place the seedling tray in an intelligent seedling greenhouse.

[0029] S300 routine seedling management. Control the environmental conditions in the seedling greenhouse: daytime temperature 20℃, nighttime temperature 15℃, and relative humidity 60%. Use LED supplemental lighting with a red-blue light ratio of 3:1, providing 14 hours of light per day at a light intensity of 300 μmol / m². 2•s. After emergence, water with a 1 / 2 concentration of Hoglund nutrient solution every 3 days, with each application amounting to 50% of the saturated water holding capacity of the seedling substrate, corresponding to 5 mL per cell. When watering, use a dropper to slowly inject the solution into the seedling substrate along the wall of the seedling tray, aiming the dropper tip at the interface between the inner wall of the tray and the substrate. Avoid splashing the nutrient solution directly onto the leaf surface, and also avoid washing away the substrate and damaging the seedling roots. Cultivate the seedlings until they reach the 2-leaf, 1-heart stage, if... Figure 2 As shown.

[0030] S400 root zone directional acclimatization. Remove the 2-leaf, 1-heart stage seedlings completely from the seedling trays. Before removal, thoroughly water the seedling substrate in the trays to allow it to fully absorb water and expand. Then, use your fingers to gently push the seedling upwards through the drainage holes at the bottom of the tray, avoiding pulling on the roots. Carefully shake off the substrate from the roots and gently brush away any remaining substrate with a soft brush, keeping the root system intact and avoiding damage to root hairs and root tips. Divide the entire root system of the seedling into two equal parts without cutting the taproot. Use tweezers to naturally separate the roots along both sides of the taproot, ensuring that the number and length of roots in both parts are basically the same, and that each part retains intact root hairs and root tips. The two root systems were placed in separate root culture chambers. The base of the roots was secured with absorbent cotton, which was torn into thin sheets and wrapped around the junction of the root base and stem, ensuring moderate tightness—enough to secure the plant without hindering water and nutrient transport. The roots were ensured to be completely immersed in the nutrient solution, with no contact between the roots and the chamber walls. One chamber was subjected to low-temperature treatment, while the other was maintained at a suitable temperature. The temperature of the low-temperature treatment chamber was set according to the following gradient cooling formula. ,in Let N be the target temperature of the cryogenic treatment chamber on day i, where i is the acclimatization day number, and N is the total number of acclimatization days. This is the initial low-temperature treatment temperature. The final low-temperature treatment temperature was set at 15°C. In this example, the total acclimatization period was 10 days. The initial low-temperature treatment temperature on day 1 was 15°C, and the final low-temperature treatment temperature on day 10 was 5°C, with a daily decrease of (15-5) / (10-1)≈1.11°C. The temperature in the low-temperature treatment chamber was 15°C on day 1, 13.89°C on day 2, and decreased sequentially to 5°C on day 10. The temperature in the other culture chamber was controlled at 20°C. The light conditions in both culture chambers were identical, with a light intensity of 300 μmol / m². 2• The light exposure was 14 hours per day, and the 1 / 2 concentration Hoglund nutrient solution was replaced in both culture chambers every two days. When replacing the nutrient solution, the old solution was first drained from the culture chamber, and the inner walls of the chamber were rinsed three times with sterile water to remove any adhering substances. Then, an equal amount of new nutrient solution was added, ensuring the concentration and pH of the nutrient solution remained stable. During the acclimatization period, the growth of the seedlings was observed. The acclimatization was terminated when the seedlings developed new roots with white root tips and the leaves showed no wilting. In this example, the acclimatization was completed in 10 days, with new roots reaching 1 cm in length, root tips that were white and glossy, and leaves that were fully expanded without wilting or yellowing. After acclimatization, the seedlings were removed from the culture chamber, rinsed with clean water to remove any remaining nutrient solution from the root surface, and placed in a cool, shaded place to dry for 10 minutes before transplanting.

[0031] S500 Planting and Field Management. Planting should be done 10 days before the last frost. 15 days before planting, deep plow and turn the soil in the field. Choose a flat, well-drained, fertile sandy loam soil. Plow to a depth of 25cm, then harrow and level the soil, creating raised beds 15cm high. Apply 3000kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 50kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre as base fertilizer. Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the surface and then turn it into the soil, mixing thoroughly. Use a wide-narrow row planting method: 55cm between wide rows and 35cm between narrow rows, with a plant spacing of 30cm, planting 3300 plants per acre. Plant on a cloudy day to avoid direct sunlight causing seedling dehydration and wilting. The planting depth should be such that the cotyledon node of the seedling is level with the ground surface. Water thoroughly immediately after planting to ensure close contact between the soil and roots. The seedling establishment period is 3 days, marked by the beginning of heart leaf growth and upright, non-wilted plants. After establishment, apply 10 kg of urea per acre, placing it 10 cm away from the plant roots to avoid root burn. At the early heading stage, apply 20 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre, and at the mid-heading stage, apply 15 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. Throughout the growing season, water the soil, keeping it moist but not waterlogged, maintaining a soil moisture content of 50% to 60%. In cold weather, lay black plastic film in the field to raise soil temperature, ensuring the film is taut and flat, and compacting the edges with soil to suppress weed growth. Perform routine pest and disease control, including timely removal of weeds and diseased plant debris, using yellow sticky traps to kill aphids, and spraying Bacillus thuringiensis to control cabbage caterpillars until the cabbage is ripe and harvested.

[0032] Example 3: S100 genetic cold resistance induction treatment. Select healthy, disease-free, and uniformly vigorous cabbage mother plants that have been continuously planted for more than three generations and exhibit stable growth. These mother plants should have completed vernalization and be in the early bolting stage, with a main bolt height of 10 cm. The planting density should be 2000 plants per acre. Prepare a mixture of 5-azacytidine and abscisic acid, with a concentration of 100 μmol / L for 5-azacytidine and 30 μmol / L for abscisic acid. Add 0.05% (w / w) of Tween 80 as a surfactant to the mixture. Using a backpack sprayer, evenly spray the mixture onto the leaves of the mother plant and the surface of the young seed pods. Adjust the atomization to a fine mist to ensure even coverage of both sides of the leaves and young seed pods. Spraying should be done on sunny mornings from 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM at an ambient temperature of 25°C. Spray once every 7 days for two consecutive applications. Each application should be enough to evenly moisten the leaves and young seed pods. If it rains within 24 hours of spraying the mixture, re-spray. Harvest the seeds when they are fully mature. After harvesting, spread the seeds out in a cool, well-ventilated place to dry, ensuring the thickness does not exceed 5 cm. Turn them twice daily to prevent localized heating and mold growth. Dry until the seed moisture content is 10%, then store them in sealed bags at 4°C.

[0033] S200 Seed Pretreatment and Sowing. Harvested seeds were pre-soaked at room temperature for 2 hours, then disinfected using a 0.5% (v / v) sodium hypochlorite solution. The pre-soaked seeds were placed in the sodium hypochlorite solution with constant stirring to ensure all seeds were fully in contact with the disinfectant. The disinfection time was 10 minutes. After disinfection, the seeds were rinsed three times with sterile water, each rinse lasting at least one minute, until no disinfectant residue remained on the seed surface. The seedling substrate was prepared by mixing peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite in a 3:1:1 (v / v) ratio. The peat moss was first sieved through a 2mm sieve to remove impurities and large particles, then mixed evenly with the perlite and vermiculite in the specified ratio. Water was added to adjust the substrate moisture content to 60%, and the pH of the seedling substrate was 7.0. Using a 50-cell standard seedling tray, fill the prepared seedling substrate into the tray, gently scrape the surface of the tray to level it, sow one seed in each cell, cover with 0.5cm of seedling substrate after sowing, gently compact the surface of the seedling substrate, and place the seedling tray in an intelligent seedling greenhouse.

[0034] S300 routine seedling management. Control the environmental conditions in the seedling greenhouse: daytime temperature 25℃, nighttime temperature 18℃, and relative humidity 70%. Use LED supplemental lighting with a red-to-blue light ratio of 3:1, providing 14 hours of light per day at a light intensity of 300 μmol / m². 2• After emergence, water with half-concentration Hoglund nutrient solution every 3 days. Each watering volume is 70% of the saturated water holding capacity of the seedling substrate, corresponding to 8 mL per cell. When watering, use a dropper to slowly inject the solution into the seedling substrate along the wall of the seedling tray. The dropper tip should be aimed at the junction of the inner wall of the seedling tray and the substrate to avoid splashing the nutrient solution directly onto the leaf surface, and to avoid dispersing the substrate and damaging the seedling roots. Cultivate the seedlings to the 2-leaf and 1-heart stage.

[0035] S400 root zone acclimatization. Remove the two-leaf, one-heart stage seedlings completely from the seedling trays. Before removal, thoroughly water the seedling substrate in the trays to allow it to fully absorb water and expand. Then, gently push the seedling upwards through the drainage holes at the bottom of the tray with your fingers, avoiding pulling on the roots. Carefully shake off the substrate from the roots and gently brush away any remaining substrate with a soft brush, keeping the root system intact and avoiding damage to root hairs and root tips. Divide the entire root system of the seedling into two equal parts without cutting the taproot. Use tweezers to naturally separate the roots along both sides of the taproot, ensuring that the number and length of roots in both parts are roughly the same, and that each part retains intact root hairs and root tips. The two root systems were placed in separate root culture chambers. The base of the roots was secured with absorbent cotton, which was torn into thin sheets and wrapped around the junction of the root base and stem, ensuring moderate tightness—enough to secure the plant without hindering water and nutrient transport. The roots were ensured to be completely immersed in the nutrient solution, with no contact between the roots and the chamber walls. One chamber was subjected to low-temperature treatment, while the other was maintained at a suitable temperature. The temperature of the low-temperature treatment chamber was set according to the following gradient cooling formula. ,in Let N be the target temperature of the cryogenic treatment chamber on day i, where i is the acclimatization day number, and N is the total number of acclimatization days. This is the initial low-temperature treatment temperature. The final low-temperature treatment temperature was set at 18°C. In this embodiment, the total acclimatization period was 10 days. The initial low-temperature treatment temperature on day 1 was 18°C, and the final low-temperature treatment temperature on day 10 was 8°C, with a daily decrease of (18-8) / (10-1)≈1.11°C. The temperature in the low-temperature treatment chamber was 18°C ​​on day 1, 16.89°C on day 2, and decreased sequentially to 8°C on day 10. The temperature in the other culture chamber was controlled at 20°C. The light conditions in both culture chambers were identical, with a light intensity of 300 μmol / m². 2• The light exposure was 14 hours per day. Every two days, the 1 / 2 concentration of Hoglund nutrient solution was replaced in both culture chambers. When replacing the nutrient solution, the old solution was first drained from the culture chamber, and the inner walls of the chamber were rinsed three times with sterile water to remove any adhering substances. Then, an equal amount of new nutrient solution was added, ensuring the concentration and pH of the nutrient solution remained stable. During the acclimatization period, the seedlings' growth was observed. The acclimatization was terminated when new roots emerged, root tips turned white, and leaves showed no wilting. In this example, the acclimatization was completed in 10 days, with new roots reaching 2 cm in length, root tips that were white and glossy, and leaves that were fully expanded without wilting or yellowing. After acclimatization, the seedlings were removed from the culture chamber, rinsed with clean water to remove any residual nutrient solution from the root surface, and placed in a cool, shaded place to dry for 20 minutes before transplanting.

[0036] S500 Planting and Field Management. Planting should be done 15 days before the last frost. 15 days prior to planting, deep plow and till the field. Choose a flat, well-drained, fertile sandy loam soil. Plow to a depth of 30cm, then harrow and level the soil, creating raised beds 15cm high. Apply 3000kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 50kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre as base fertilizer. Spread the base fertilizer evenly on the surface and then incorporate it into the soil, mixing thoroughly. Use a wide-narrow row planting method: 65cm between wide rows and 45cm between narrow rows, with a plant spacing of 40cm, planting 3200 plants per acre. Plant on a cloudy day to avoid direct sunlight causing seedling dehydration and wilting. Plant at a depth where the cotyledon node is level with the ground surface. Water thoroughly immediately after planting to ensure close contact between the soil and roots. The seedling establishment period is 5 days, marked by the beginning of heart leaf growth and upright, non-wilted plants. After establishment, apply 10 kg of urea per acre, placing it 10 cm away from the plant roots to avoid root burn. At the early heading stage, apply 20 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre, and at the mid-heading stage, apply 15 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. Throughout the growing season, maintain soil moisture by watering only when the soil is dry to the touch, keeping the soil moisture content between 50% and 60%. In cold weather, lay black mulch in the field to raise soil temperature, ensuring the mulch is taut and flat, and compacting the edges with soil. Simultaneously, suppress weed growth and implement routine pest and disease control measures, including timely removal of weeds and diseased plant debris, using yellow sticky traps to kill aphids, and spraying Bacillus thuringiensis to control cabbage caterpillars until the cabbage is ripe and harvested. Figure 3 As shown.

[0037] Comparative example: This comparative example uses conventional cabbage cultivation methods as a control, without genetic cold resistance induction treatment or root area directional acclimatization. The remaining operation steps are consistent with those in Example 1.

[0038] Select cabbage mother plants that have been continuously planted for more than three generations, exhibit stable traits, are vigorous, free from pests, diseases, and mechanical damage, and have uniform growth vigor. The mother plants should have completed vernalization and be in the early bolting stage, with the main stalk height at 7cm. The planting density of mother plants should be 1800 plants per acre. Do not spray with a mixture of 5-azacytidine and abscisic acid. Harvest the seeds after they are fully mature. After harvesting, spread the seeds out in a well-ventilated, cool, and shady place to dry, with the thickness not exceeding 5cm. Turn them twice a day to prevent localized heating and mold growth, and avoid direct sunlight. Dry until the seed moisture content is 9%, then pack them into sealed bags and store them at 2℃.

[0039] The harvested seeds were pre-soaked at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by disinfection using a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. The pre-soaked seeds were immersed in the sodium hypochlorite solution with constant stirring to ensure all seeds were fully in contact with the disinfectant. The disinfection time was 10 minutes. After disinfection, the seeds were rinsed three times with sterile water, each rinse lasting at least one minute, until no disinfectant residue remained on the seed surface. The seedling substrate was prepared by mixing peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1. The peat moss was first sieved through a 2mm sieve to remove impurities and large particles, then mixed evenly with the perlite and vermiculite in the specified proportions. Water was added to adjust the substrate moisture content to 60%, and the pH value of the seedling substrate was 6.5. Using a 50-cell standard seedling tray, fill the prepared seedling substrate into the tray, gently scrape the surface of the tray to level it, sow one seed in each cell, cover with 0.5cm of seedling substrate after sowing, gently compact the surface of the seedling substrate, and place the seedling tray in an intelligent seedling greenhouse.

[0040] The environmental conditions in the seedling greenhouse were controlled with a daytime temperature of 22℃, a nighttime temperature of 16℃, and a relative humidity of 65%. LED supplemental lighting was used, with a red-to-blue light ratio of 3:1. The daily light exposure was 14 hours, and the light intensity was 300 μmol / m². 2 • After emergence, water with a 1 / 2 concentration of Hoglund nutrient solution every 3 days, with each watering amount being 60% of the saturated water holding capacity of the seedling substrate, corresponding to 6 mL per cell. When watering, use a dropper to slowly inject the solution into the seedling substrate along the wall of the seedling tray, with the dropper tip aimed at the interface between the inner wall of the seedling tray and the substrate, avoiding direct splashing of the nutrient solution onto the leaf surface, and also avoiding dispersing the substrate and damaging the seedling roots. Cultivate the seedlings until they reach the 2-leaf, 1-heart stage.

[0041] Seedlings at the two-leaf, one-heart stage are directly transplanted into the field without root acclimatization. Transplanting should be done 12 days before the last frost. Fifteen days prior to transplanting, the field should be deeply plowed and tilled. Choose a flat, well-drained, fertile sandy loam soil. The deep plowing depth should be 28cm. After plowing, harrow and level the soil to create raised beds 15cm high. Apply 3000kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 50kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre as base fertilizer, spreading it evenly on the surface and then incorporating it into the soil for thorough mixing. Use a wide-narrow row planting method: 60cm between wide rows and 40cm between narrow rows, with a plant spacing of 35cm, resulting in 3250 plants per acre. Transplanting should be done on a cloudy day to avoid direct sunlight causing seedling dehydration and wilting. The transplanting depth should be such that the cotyledon node of the seedling is level with the ground surface. Immediately after transplanting, water thoroughly to ensure close contact between the soil and roots. The seedling establishment period is 4 days, marked by the beginning of heart leaf growth and upright, non-wilted plants. After establishment, apply 10 kg of urea per acre, placing it 10 cm away from the plant roots to avoid root burn. At the early heading stage, apply 20 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre, and at the mid-heading stage, apply 15 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. Throughout the growing season, water the soil, keeping it moist but not waterlogged, maintaining a soil moisture content of 50% to 60%. In cold weather, lay black plastic film in the field to raise soil temperature, ensuring the film is taut and flat, and compacting the edges with soil to suppress weed growth. Perform routine pest and disease control, including timely removal of weeds and diseased plant debris, using yellow sticky traps to kill aphids, and spraying Bacillus thuringiensis to control cabbage caterpillars until the cabbage is ripe and harvested.

[0042] To verify the actual effect of the technical solution of the present invention, the above three embodiments were compared with the comparative examples, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0043] The experimental results above show that the survival rate of cabbage seedlings cultivated using this method after low-temperature stress is significantly higher than that of conventional cultivation methods. Simultaneously, yield, head formation rate, and single head weight are also improved to varying degrees. This invention enhances the cold resistance potential of cabbage at the germplasm level through genetic cold resistance induction treatment, and then gradually adapts cabbage seedlings to low-temperature environments through targeted acclimatization of the root region. The combination of these two techniques effectively enhances the cold resistance of cabbage seedlings, enabling earlier transplanting, extending the growth period, and ultimately improving yield and quality.

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period, characterized in that, The specific steps of this method are as follows: S100, Genetic Cold Resistance Induction Treatment: Select healthy cabbage seed mother plants that are free from pests and diseases, have completed vernalization, and are in the early bolting stage. Spray a mixture of 5-azacytosine and abscisic acid at the early bolting stage. Harvest and dry the seeds after they are fully mature. S200. Seed pretreatment and sowing: Disinfect the harvested seeds, rinse them clean, and sow them in seedling trays filled with seedling substrate. Cover the substrate and place the trays in the seedling environment. S300, routine seedling management: control the temperature and humidity of the seedling environment, regularly irrigate with nutrient solution, and cultivate seedlings to the 2-leaf and 1-heart stage; S400, Root Region Directional Acclimatization: Remove the seedlings at the 2-leaf-1-heart stage completely from the seedling trays, divide the root system into two parts, and place them into two independent root culture chambers. Perform low-temperature treatment on one culture chamber and maintain a suitable temperature in the other culture chamber. Remove the seedlings after acclimatization is completed. S500, Transplanting and Field Management: Transplant the domesticated seedlings into the field, and carry out water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control until harvest.

2. The method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S100, the cabbage mother plants are free from mechanical damage, have uniform growth vigor, and are planted at a density of 1,500 to 2,000 plants per acre; the main bolting stalk is 5 to 10 cm tall at the early bolting stage; the mixed solution is sprayed evenly on the leaves and young seed pods of the mother plants during spraying, and re-spraying is required if it rains within 24 hours after spraying the mixed solution; after the seeds are harvested, they are dried in a ventilated and shady place until the moisture content is 8% to 10%, and then stored in sealed bags in an environment of 0 to 4°C.

3. The method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S100, the concentration of 5-azacytidine in the mixture is 20 μmol / L to 100 μmol / L, the concentration of abscisic acid is 5 μmol / L to 30 μmol / L, and 0.05% by mass of Tween 80 is added to the mixture as a surfactant. It is sprayed once every 7 days for 2 consecutive times. The amount of spraying each time is enough to evenly moisten the surface of the leaves of the mother plant and the young seed pods. The spraying time is from 9:00 to 11:00 am on a sunny day, and the ambient temperature is 15°C to 25°C.

4. The method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S200, the disinfection treatment involves disinfecting the seeds with a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes, followed by rinsing with sterile water three times until no residue remains. The seedling substrate is a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, with a pH value of 6.0 to 7.

0. 50-cell standard seedling trays are used, with one seed sown in each cell. After sowing, the seeds are covered with a 0.5cm thick layer of seedling substrate, and the surface of the substrate is gently compacted.

5. The method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S300, the daytime temperature of the seedling environment is controlled at 20°C to 25°C, the nighttime temperature is controlled at 15°C to 18°C, the relative humidity is controlled at 60% to 70%, the daily light duration is 14 hours, and the light intensity is 300 μmol / m². 2 •s; After emergence, water with half concentration of Hoglund nutrient solution once every 3 days. Each watering amount is 50% to 70% of the saturated water holding capacity of the seedling substrate, corresponding to 5 mL to 8 mL per hole. When watering, use a dropper to slowly inject the nutrient solution into the seedling substrate along the wall of the seedling tray to avoid splashing the nutrient solution directly onto the leaf surface.

6. The method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S400, after thoroughly watering the seedling substrate in the seedling tray, the seedling is removed and the substrate on the roots is carefully shaken off to keep the root system intact. The entire root system of the seedling is divided into two parts without cutting the main root, and each part retains complete root hairs and root tips. The two parts of the root system are placed into two independent root culture chambers, and the base of the root system is fixed with absorbent cotton to ensure that the root system is completely immersed in the nutrient solution and that the root system does not come into contact with the culture chamber wall.

7. The method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S400, the temperature of the incubation chamber for the low-temperature treatment is set according to the following gradient cooling formula: ,in, The target temperature of the low-temperature treatment chamber on day i is expressed in °C; i is the acclimatization day number, which can be 1, 2, 3, ..., N; N is the total number of acclimatization days, N=10; The initial low-temperature treatment temperature is between 15℃ and 18℃. The final low-temperature treatment temperature was set between 5°C and 8°C; the temperature in the other culture chamber was controlled at 20°C; the light conditions in both culture chambers were identical, with a light intensity of 300 μmol / m². 2 •s, light duration 14 hours / day, every 2 days replace half-concentration Hoglund nutrient solution in each of the two culture chambers, cleaning any adhering substances from the inner walls of the culture chambers each time the nutrient solution is replaced; during the acclimatization period, the temperature in the low-temperature treatment chamber is increased from the first day's temperature. Linearly decreases until day 10 The daily decrease is .

8. The method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S400, the total time for the directional acclimatization of the root region is 10 days. During the acclimatization period, the seedlings grow new roots with white root tips and no wilting of leaves as the indicators for terminating the acclimatization. After the acclimatization is completed, the seedlings are taken out of the cultivation room, rinsed with clean water to remove the residual nutrient solution on the root surface, and placed in a cool place to dry for 10 to 20 minutes before being ready for transplanting.

9. The method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S500, the transplanting time is 10 to 15 days before the end of the last frost. 15 days before transplanting, the field is deeply plowed and turned over to a depth of 25cm to 30cm. 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50kg of NPK compound fertilizer are applied per mu as base fertilizer. When transplanting, a wide-narrow row planting method is adopted, with wide rows of 55cm to 65cm and narrow rows of 35cm to 45cm. The plant spacing is 30cm to 40cm, and 3200 to 3300 plants are planted per mu.

10. The method for actively cold-resistant and efficient cultivation of cabbage seedlings throughout their entire growth period according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S500, immediately after transplanting, the soil is thoroughly watered to help the roots establish. The seedling establishment period is 3 to 5 days, marked by the beginning of the growth of the heart leaves and the plants standing upright without wilting. After the seedling establishment period, 10 kg of urea is applied per mu (unit of land area). At the early stage of heading, 20 kg of NPK compound fertilizer is applied per mu. At the middle stage of heading, 15 kg of potassium sulfate is applied per mu. Throughout the growing season, the soil is kept moist but not waterlogged. In cold weather, black mulch is laid in the field to increase the soil temperature. Routine pest and disease control is carried out.

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