Power battery state of charge early warning control system and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a power battery charging state early warning control system and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of battery safety management. The system comprises: a temperature sensor and / or a pressure sensor installed at a key position of a power battery pack; a control center comprising a storage module, a comparison module and a control module; an alarm module for issuing a local warning signal; an information transmission module for remote alarm; and a power supply execution module for cutting off the charging power supply. The storage module pre-stores the safety threshold and address code of the power battery; the comparison module adopts a continuous multiple sampling verification logic to determine the abnormality; the control module drives the power supply execution module to cut off the power supply when the abnormality occurs, starts the alarm module at the same time, and instructs the information transmission module to send the abnormality information containing the address code to a remote monitoring platform. The alarm signal can be output in various ways such as on-site display and remote transmission, and can be used alone or in combination. The address code contains the equipment identification or the place identification. The application can configure one or more sensors according to the needs, has the characteristics of high reliability determination, rapid physical cutting, accurate positioning and remote linkage, and can be widely applied to various power battery charging scenes such as electric bicycles, electric vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles and energy storage power stations, and can effectively prevent fire accidents.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a power battery charging status early warning control system and its control method, belonging to the field of battery safety management technology. Specifically, it relates to an early warning control system and its control method capable of real-time monitoring, intelligent judgment, local / remote linkage alarm, and automatic power-off control of temperature and pressure parameters of various power batteries such as electric bicycles, electric vehicles, drones, and energy storage power stations during the charging process. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of power batteries in electric vehicles, drones, energy storage, and other fields, battery charging safety issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Traditional charging protection methods are mostly simple overcurrent and overvoltage protection, which have slow response speeds and cannot provide effective early warning and intervention in the early stages of battery thermal runaway (such as abnormal increases in internal temperature or increased pressure due to casing deformation). Although some existing monitoring systems can collect data, they often lack linkage with external fire protection systems, resulting in the inability to transmit abnormal information in a timely manner and missing the optimal response opportunity. In addition, many systems cannot accurately locate abnormal batteries, increasing the difficulty of troubleshooting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the defects of existing technologies such as delayed early warning, information silos, and inability to accurately locate, and to provide a power battery charging status early warning control system and its control method that integrates multi-parameter acquisition, intelligent threshold comparison, local / remote linkage alarm, address code accurate positioning and automatic power off.

[0004] Technical solution: The power battery charging status early warning control system provided by the present invention includes: Temperature and / or pressure sensors are installed at key sensitive locations in the power battery pack to detect temperature and / or pressure data in real time during the power battery charging process. The control center, electrically connected to the sensor, serves as the core processing unit of the system and includes a storage module, a comparison module, and a control module. An alarm module, electrically connected to the control center, is used to issue local warning signals; An information transmission module, electrically connected to the control center, is used to transmit abnormal information to a remote monitoring platform; The power supply execution module is connected to the control center and the charging line, and is used to cut off the charging power in case of an abnormality. The system is powered by an external power source or an internal power source.

[0005] Furthermore, the storage module is used to pre-store the safety threshold of the power battery and the address code information of the battery or its connected charging station. The safety threshold is set according to the battery type, with different battery types corresponding to different temperature and pressure thresholds. The address code adopts an encoding rule, and its information includes the identifier of the power battery, or simultaneously includes the identifier of the charging location and the identifier of the power battery, used to accurately locate the abnormal battery and its charging location in case of an anomaly, i.e., uniquely identifying the battery and / or charging location.

[0006] Furthermore, the comparison module is connected to the sensor and the storage module, and is used to compare the received real-time temperature / pressure data with a preset threshold in the storage module. To improve the accuracy of the judgment, the comparison module can adopt a continuous multiple sampling verification logic, that is, only when the data collected consecutively exceeds the corresponding threshold is it determined to be an abnormal state. In some scenarios with high requirements for response speed, a single exceedance judgment method can also be used.

[0007] Furthermore, the control module is connected to the comparison module, alarm module, information transmission module, and power supply execution module. The power supply execution module is a switching element connected in series in the main charging circuit, and its controlled terminal is connected to the control module to cut off the charging power supply when a control signal is received.

[0008] Furthermore, the alarm module includes a sound-emitting element and a light-emitting element. Upon receiving the activation signal from the control module, it continuously emits audible and visual warning signals. The warning signals emitted by the alarm module can be output in various ways, including but not limited to on-site display and transmission to a remote monitoring platform, and can be used individually or in combination. When using the on-site display method, local warnings can be achieved through the sound-emitting and light-emitting elements; when using the remote transmission method, the warning signal must include address code information, which includes the device's unique identifier, or simultaneously includes both the charging location identifier and the device's unique identifier, so that the remote monitoring platform can quickly locate the abnormal device.

[0009] Furthermore, the information transmission module adopts a wireless communication module or a wired communication module to transmit the warning signal generated by the alarm module to the remote monitoring platform.

[0010] A power battery charging state early warning and control method based on the above system includes the following steps: S1. Data Acquisition: Real-time acquisition of temperature and / or pressure data during the charging process of the power battery using temperature and / or pressure sensors; S2. Threshold comparison: The comparison module compares the collected real-time data with the preset security threshold in the storage module; S3. Anomaly Detection: If real-time data exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be an abnormal state; S4. Execution of protection and alarm: The control module generates power-off command and alarm command, the power supply execution module responds to the power-off command to cut off the charging power supply, and the alarm module responds to the alarm command to issue a local warning signal; S5. Remote Alarm: The control module's instruction information transmission module sends an alarm signal containing address code information to the remote monitoring platform.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Multi-parameter integrated monitoring or flexible configuration: Temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or both can be configured according to actual needs to achieve multi-parameter integrated monitoring or single-parameter monitoring, adapting to different battery types and application scenarios; 2. High reliability judgment: The logic of continuous multiple sampling verification can be preferred to effectively eliminate instantaneous interference and avoid false alarms; a single exceedance judgment can also be used as needed to meet the requirements of rapid response scenarios. 3. Rapid physical disconnection: The charging circuit is directly and physically disconnected through switching elements, resulting in fast response and high safety; 4. Precise positioning and remote linkage: The system uses coding rules to achieve precise positioning of abnormal power batteries or charging piles; it also links with a remote monitoring platform through a communication module to ensure timely transmission of abnormal information and facilitate rapid response. 5. Flexible alarm methods: Alarm signals can be displayed on-site or transmitted remotely, and can be used individually or in combination to meet different monitoring needs; 6. Wide range of applications: Applicable to various fields that use power batteries, such as electric bicycles, electric vehicles, drones, and energy storage power stations. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the module connection of the system of the present invention. The figure shows both a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor as an exemplary configuration. In actual applications, only a temperature sensor, only a pressure sensor, or both sensors can be configured as needed.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the working principle of the system of the present invention, showing the complete process of data acquisition, threshold comparison, anomaly detection, power failure alarm, and remote transmission. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0015] Example 1: Electric bicycle charging scenario (with temperature and pressure sensors configured simultaneously) This embodiment provides a power battery charging status early warning and control system for centralized charging sites for electric bicycles, with its modules connected as follows: Figure 1 As shown. The temperature sensor uses an NTC thermistor (model MF52A), which is tightly mounted on the surface of the electric bicycle battery cell casing. It has a temperature measurement range of -40℃ to 125℃ and an accuracy of ±0.5℃. The pressure sensor uses a piezoelectric pressure sensor (model MPX5700DP), mounted at the battery pack connection point. It has a pressure measurement range of 0 to 7MPa and an accuracy of ±1%FS. Both sensors are connected to the control center via an SPI bus. The control center uses an STM32F103 microcontroller as its core, with a built-in storage module (AT24C02 EEPROM chip), a comparator module (integrated within the microcontroller), and a control module. The storage module pre-stores the lithium-ion battery temperature threshold of 55℃, the lead-acid battery temperature threshold of 50℃, the pressure threshold of 1.2MPa, and the address code "01-008-05" (area code 01, charging pile number 008, battery interface number 05), stored in ASCII format at storage addresses 0x00-0x07. The power supply execution module uses an HH52P electromagnetic relay. Its normally closed contact is connected in series with the positive terminal of the charging main circuit. The coil is connected to the PB0 pin of the microcontroller through an S8050 transistor drive circuit. The base of the transistor is connected to PB0 through a 1kΩ current-limiting resistor, the collector is connected to the relay coil, the emitter is grounded, and a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel with the relay coil. The alarm module includes a 5V active buzzer (≥85dB) and a red LED, which are controlled by the PA0 pin of the microcontroller. The information transmission module uses the EC20 4G communication module, based on the TCP / IP protocol, to package the address code and abnormal information into a JSON data frame (format such as {"addr":"01-008-05","type":"temp","value":56}) and send it to the fire monitoring platform with a preset IP. If no ACK signal is received within 3 seconds, it will automatically retransmit, up to 3 times. The power supply module combines a 12V / 5Ah rechargeable lithium battery with an AC-DC power module (LM2596): when the mains power is normal, the AC-DC module converts the 220V mains power to 12V DC power to power the system and charge the lithium battery; when the mains power is interrupted, it automatically switches to lithium battery power supply through the SS34 Schottky diode. The system workflow of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2As shown: After power-on initialization, the sensor collects data at a frequency of 10Hz, which is then converted by an ADC and sent to the comparison module. The comparison module uses a three-sampling verification logic; if the temperature is consistently >55℃ or the pressure is consistently >1.2MPa for three consecutive times, an anomaly is determined. The control module outputs a high level on the PB0 pin, driving the relay to cut off the power. Simultaneously, the PA0 pin outputs a high level to activate the buzzer and LED alarm, and sends the JSON alarm information to the fire monitoring platform via the 4G module.

[0016] Example 2: Electric vehicle charging station scenario (simultaneous configuration of temperature and pressure sensors) This embodiment provides a power battery charging status early warning control system applied to electric vehicle charging piles. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that, to accommodate the high charging power of electric vehicles, the power supply execution module uses a relay with a larger rated current (such as HF161F-W, 40A), and the information transmission module retains both 4G and wired Ethernet communication methods. The installation positions of the temperature and pressure sensors are adapted according to the structure of the electric vehicle battery pack; the remaining modules and connections are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0017] Example 3: Drone battery charging scenario (temperature sensor only) This embodiment is applicable to the charging scenario of drone lithium-ion batteries that are sensitive to temperature changes. The system is equipped with only a temperature sensor and not a pressure sensor. The temperature sensor is a miniature surface-mount NTC thermistor, directly attached to the surface of the drone battery cell. The control center, alarm module, information transmission module, and power supply execution module are integrated into a miniature housing (50×40×20mm). The communication module uses a low-power Bluetooth module to communicate with the user's mobile APP or a dedicated monitoring terminal. The temperature threshold is set to 55℃. When the temperature exceeds the threshold for three consecutive samplings, an anomaly is determined, and power-off, local alarm, and remote alarm are executed. The remaining modules and connections are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0018] Example 4: Energy storage power station scenario (simultaneous configuration of temperature and pressure sensors) This embodiment provides a power battery charging status early warning control system for energy storage power stations. Energy storage power stations typically consist of a large number of battery modules. In this embodiment, each battery module is equipped with a set of temperature and pressure sensors. Data from all sensors is collected via a bus to a centralized control center. The centralized control center analyzes the data from each module, and when an anomaly is detected, it cuts off the charging circuit of the corresponding module and uploads the anomaly information to the power station monitoring center via a wired network. The remaining control logic is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0019] Example 5: Soft-pack battery charging scenario (pressure sensor only) This embodiment is applicable to pouch batteries or certain specially packaged batteries that are sensitive to pressure changes. The system is only equipped with a pressure sensor (model MPX5700DP), installed at the connection point of the battery pack or near the explosion-proof valve; no temperature sensor is configured. The control center only receives pressure data, and the pressure threshold is set to 1.2 MPa. When the pressure exceeds the threshold for three consecutive samplings, an anomaly is determined, and power off, local alarm, and remote alarm are executed. The remaining modules and connections are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0020] Example 6: Threshold Configurable System This embodiment adds a threshold configuration function based on embodiment 1, which is suitable for scenarios that require flexible adjustment of safety thresholds according to different battery types and operating conditions. The storage module uses an erasable EEPROM (such as AT24C02), and battery type selection (lead-acid / lithium battery) is achieved via a DIP switch. Threshold adjustments are made via a rotary encoder (current step 0.1A, voltage step 0.1V). A long press on the encoder enters manual configuration mode, a short press switches configuration parameters (temperature threshold, pressure threshold, etc.), and the rotary encoder adjusts the values. The adjusted thresholds are stored in the EEPROM, enabling rapid matching between different battery types. This embodiment can be used alone or in combination with any of the sensor configuration schemes in embodiments 1-5.

[0021] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power battery state of charge early warning control system, characterized in that, include: Temperature and / or pressure sensors are installed at key sensitive locations in the power battery pack to detect temperature and / or pressure data in real time during the power battery charging process. The control center, electrically connected to the sensor, includes a storage module, a comparison module, and a control module; An alarm module, electrically connected to the control center, is used to issue local warning signals; An information transmission module, electrically connected to the control center, is used to transmit abnormal information to a remote monitoring platform; The power supply execution module, connected to the control center and charging line, is used to cut off the charging power supply in case of an abnormality.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, When a temperature sensor is included, the temperature sensor is attached to the outer surface of the battery cell; when a pressure sensor is included, the pressure sensor is installed at the connection point of the battery pack.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein, The storage module pre-stores the safety threshold and address code information of the power battery; the address code information is used to uniquely identify the battery and / or charging location.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein, The power supply execution module is a switching element connected to the charging circuit.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The information transmission module is a wireless communication module or a wired communication module.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alarm module can output warning signals in various ways, including but not limited to on-site display and transmission to a remote monitoring platform, and can be used alone or in combination. When transmitted to a remote monitoring platform, the warning signal contains address code information, which includes the device's unique identifier, or simultaneously includes the charging location identifier and the device's unique identifier.

7. A power battery charging state early warning control method based on the system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Data Acquisition: Real-time acquisition of temperature and / or pressure data during the charging process of the power battery using temperature and / or pressure sensors; S2. Threshold comparison: The comparison module compares the collected real-time data with the preset security threshold in the storage module; S3. Anomaly Detection: If real-time data exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be an abnormal state; S4. Execution of protection and alarm: The control module generates power-off command and alarm command, the power supply execution module responds to the power-off command to cut off the charging power supply, and the alarm module responds to the alarm command to issue a local warning signal; S5. Remote Alarm: The control module's instruction information transmission module sends an alarm signal containing address code information to the remote monitoring platform.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The alarm signal transmitted in step S5 has an address code that includes a unique device identifier, or both a charging location identifier and a unique device identifier.

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