Pyrotechnic circuit breaker

Abstract

A pyrotechnic circuit breaker has a cavity through which a conductor passes, wherein the conductor comprises at least one separation site at which the conductor can be separated by a pyrotechnically driven separation piston, such that the conductor broken at the separation site comprises a first segment of the conductor at a first end of the separation site and a second end of the separation site, and during an electrical breaking process, an arrester is at least temporarily located in the current path and is thereby parallel to the separation site. When the conductor comprises two separation sites and a plate-like portion of the conductor can be folded away between the two separation sites, two metallic sacrificial elements are preferably provided, which, together with the plate-like portion, are at least temporarily located in the current path during the electrical breaking process, wherein both metallic sacrificial elements are each formed from a wire-knitted mesh or a wire-woven mesh. As a result, an arc between the segments of the conductor and the plate-like portion is transferred to the sacrificial elements and is rapidly extinguished by these.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic circuit breaker with a conductor through-cavity, wherein the conductor includes at least one separation portion at which the conductor can be separated by a pyrotechnically driven separation piston, such that the conductor disconnected at the separation portion includes a first end of the separation portion at a first segment of the conductor and a second end of the separation portion, and during the electrical disconnection process, a fuse is at least temporarily located in the current path and is connected in parallel with the separation portion thereon.

[0002] This invention relates in particular to circuit breakers with one or two separation sections, but circuit breakers with more than two separation sections are also covered, provided that at least one separation section is constructed according to the invention. Background Technology

[0003] Currently known high-current, high-inductance circuit breakers often incorporate fuses, such as in Astotec's patent document AT527248A1. In this circuit breaker, the fuse is connected to the conductor end on one side and to the bottom of the separation chamber on the other. When the plate breaks during the breaking process, an arc is first formed between the plate and the two segments of the conductor. When the plate reaches the deceleration element of the separation chamber, it contacts the fuse, and one of the two arcs transfers to the fuse, thus ensuring reliable current interruption. Manufacturing fuses is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and comes with high inspection costs because it is difficult to detect faults in the fuse conductor by electrical means (e.g., assembly-related faults). Furthermore, fuses increase the structural height of the circuit breaker.

[0004] Metal cooling elements are also known, such as those described in Autoliv's patent document WO2022 / 017841A1 or Astotec's patent document WO2021 / 007604A1. These metal cooling elements absorb the heat released during current flow during switching. While metal cooling elements are functionally extremely reliable, their cooling performance is often limited because good cooling is only achieved in the area directly exposed to the arc (i.e., the region near the arc).

[0005] The above problems can be partially solved by increasing the surface area of ​​the metal cooling element. However, this means a significant increase in the size of the component. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The objective of this invention is to provide a circuit breaker that eliminates the radiant heat generated during conductor breaking while maintaining a low structural height, and simultaneously ensures reliable current breaking as a fuse. In other words, this invention aims to provide a circuit breaker that combines the reliability of a circuit breaker in dissipating radiant heat through its metal cooling elements with the energy absorption capacity of a circuit breaker with its fuse elements at a low structural height. Therefore, reliable interruption under high current loads should be ensured without significantly increasing the structural height of the circuit breaker.

[0007] The solution of the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned objective is a circuit breaker of the aforementioned type, wherein the fuse is a metal sacrificial element made of a wire mesh or a braided wire mesh. In this regard, the concept of the present invention is to utilize a wire mesh or a braided wire mesh, which is used as a cooling element in a known circuit breaker, as a fuse, wherein current is guided through the wire mesh or braided wire mesh during the breaking process.

[0008] When this type of circuit breaker is disconnected, a gap will be generated between the first and second ends of the disconnected part.

[0009] Here, when the voltage / current is sufficient, an electric arc is generated between the first and second ends of the separation section. When the movement of the second end of the separation section brings it into contact with the metal sacrificial element, the metal sacrificial element contacts both the first segment of the conductor and the second end of the separation section, thus creating a new current path. This second current path travels through the metal sacrificial element, so that the initial resistance of the second current path is lower than the original arc between the two ends of the separation section because the current flows through the metal sacrificial element first. As a result, the first arc is quickly extinguished.

[0010] Because a large current flows through the sacrificial element, it melts, ablates, and / or vaporizes, thus depleting it after the electrical disconnection process. Melting, ablating, or vaporizing dissipates a corresponding amount of energy from the arc. The term "depletion" should be understood as the absence of a new current path during re-disconnection because the contacts are no longer present or the metal sacrificial element is interrupted. However, during the electrical disconnection process, the sacrificial element can also form a channel, in which an arc may form, at least when the current to be disconnected is large. This arc is then completely surrounded by a wire mesh or braided wire mesh, causing it to be extinguished by intense cooling.

[0011] The metal sacrificial component dissipates energy from the system, thereby accelerating the extinction of the second arc and absorbing the released heat in an efficient and space-saving manner.

[0012] Preferably, instead of one sacrificial element, two sacrificial elements are provided, both of which are made of wire mesh or wire braid and are connected in series at least temporarily during the breaking process. This allows for the corresponding consumption of more energy (of course, within the scope of this invention, the sacrificial elements can also be connected in parallel).

[0013] In many circuit breakers, it is proposed that the conductor includes two separation sections, with a plate-like portion of the conductor folding between these two separation sections, thereby creating a first separation section and a second separation section upon breaking. The first separation section has a first end at a first segment of the conductor and a second end at one end of the plate-like portion, and the second separation section has a first end at the other end of the plate-like portion and a second end at a second segment of the conductor. When the circuit breaker includes two separation sections, it is preferably proposed that during the electrical breaking process, two metal sacrificial elements and the plate-like portion are at least temporarily located in the current path. During this process, the plate-like portion is ejected from the conductor and contacts the two sacrificial elements as it moves away from the remaining segments of the conductor, while the other ends of the two sacrificial elements contact the segments of the conductor, thereby forming a new current path that is connected in parallel or spaced from the two separation sections, and during the breaking process, the two sacrificial elements are connected in series in this current path through the plate-like portion. Through this new current path, the current flowing to the two arcs is diverted, thereby extinguishing the two arcs. The metal sacrificial component dissipates energy from the system, thereby accelerating the extinction of the second arc and absorbing the released heat in an efficient and space-saving manner.

[0014] The metal sacrificial component (or multiple metal sacrificial components) is preferably composed of pressed metal wire mesh.

[0015] However, series connection can also be achieved by connecting two sacrificial components in series via a connecting line, preferably by interrupting the connecting line during the breaking process. This series connection creates a current path in parallel with the separated parts, establishing a low-resistance path across the arc between the two ends of each separated part, thereby extinguishing the arc between the two ends of each separated part. Even if the circuit breaker is triggered when there is no current or only a small current flowing (while the sacrificial components remain intact) when the series circuit is interrupted during the breaking process, current interruption is still ensured.

[0016] A preferred embodiment is that there is a gap between the current path and the first end of the separation portion, or a gap between the current path and the second end of the second separation portion. This gap ensures that an independent arc is actually formed, without the arc at the separation portion passing by the side of the sacrificial member, thus receiving only weak cooling.

[0017] Preferably, the distance between the current path and the first end of the first separation part or the second end of the second separation part is at least 2 mm, preferably at least 5 mm, particularly preferably at least 10 mm, and most preferably at least 20 mm.

[0018] The term "contact" refers not only to the connection of current paths but should be understood as contact that enables current flow (at least when the conductor is disconnected under high load). Thus, during the electrical disconnection process, due to the presence of minute gaps, arcs are maintained at least temporarily from the conductor segment to the sacrificial element and from the sacrificial element to the plate. Through these minute arcs, more energy is dissipated from the current path.

[0019] According to one embodiment, one or more sacrificial elements have substantially point-like contact portions with one or more segments of the conductor, and the contact area is at most 5 mm². This allows current to be concentrated, causing the sacrificial element to fail on its surface due to ablation and vaporization, thereby forming an electric arc leading to the sacrificial element, while the surrounding area of ​​the sacrificial element receives additional heat dissipation.

[0020] Alternatively, the contact points between one or more sacrificial elements and one or more segments of the conductor may be spark gaps. Through these spark gaps, an arc is formed during the breaking process, which may subsequently burn through the metal sacrificial element. In this way, the heat load area of ​​the sacrificial element can be easily expanded by allowing the arc to "burn through" the sacrificial element, and the arc root is also well cooled.

[0021] It can also be proposed that the contact between one or more sacrificial elements and one or more segments of the conductor is achieved by a fusible conductor, preferably located in an arc-extinguishing medium. This fusible conductor ensures that the conductor melts after the energized breaking process, thereby reliably interrupting the second current path after the breaking process.

[0022] In particular, the electrical contacts of one or more sacrificial components can be fuses, which also ensures the interruption of the current path after disconnection.

[0023] Another preferred embodiment is that at least one sacrificial element is located in its own housing, i.e., spatially away from the central cavity.

[0024] The sacrificial parts can be made of iron, copper, tungsten, or alloys of these metals. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the circuit breaker of the present invention in an untriggered state is shown; Figure 2 It shows Figure 1The circuit breaker shown is in the disconnection process; Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 The circuit breaker shown is in the state after disconnection is complete; Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the circuit breaker with an enlarged side of the sacrificial material chamber according to the present invention is shown; Figure 5 It shows Figure 1 Detail Z in the diagram is constructed such that it contacts the sacrificial material via a safety device; Figure 6 The same detail Z is shown, but its construction involves contact with the sacrificial material via a tip; Figure 7 The same detail Z is shown, but its construction involves contact with the sacrificial material via a spark gap; Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a circuit breaker with a separate sacrificial material chamber and a central cavity is shown. Figure 9 A circuit breaker with two separate sections is shown, in which the two sacrificial components are connected in series in the non-triggered state; Figure 10 It shows Figure 9 The circuit breaker shown is in the triggered state; Figure 11 A circuit breaker with a disconnected section is shown, in which two sacrificial elements are connected in series in the non-triggered state; and Figure 12 It shows Figure 11 The circuit breaker shown is in the triggered state.

[0026] Component symbol explanation in the attached diagram: 1. Circuit breaker; 2. Conductor; 3. Conductor enclosure, for example, located above and below conductor 2; 4. (Central) cavity; Segmentation of conductors 2, 5a and 5b; The holes in conductors 2, 6a and 6b; 7. The plate-like portion in conductor 2; 8a, 8b First separation site and second separation site; 8b' Bending section; 8aa First end of the first separation part; The second end of the first separation section of 8ab; The first end of the second separation section of 8ba; 8bb Second end of the second separation site; 9. Pistons; 10 O-rings; The groove in piston 9; 12 ignition units; 13 Igniters (all shown in the picture as closed); 14 electrical interfaces, such as AK-1 or AK-2; 15 retaining parts; 16 lower part; The cavities 18a and 18b in the lower part of 17 are connected to the sacrificial elements 19a and 19b, which are conductors. 21. Connect conductor 19 to the connection point at conductor end 5a; 22. Connection position from conductor 19 to sacrificial member 18a; Hole 23 may be filled with arc-extinguishing medium; 24. Cover body; 25 tip; 26 sliding contacts; 27. Connecting lines; 28. The other piston. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Figure 1 The circuit breaker of the present invention is illustrated in its non-triggered state. The circuit breaker 1 comprises a conductor 2 and a conductor sheath 3, the conductor sheath 3 having a central cavity 4, which preferably has a circular cross-section, but may also have a square or rectangular cross-section, or any generally non-circular cross-section. A so-called plate-like portion 7 is located at the center of the conductor 2, which is connected to the rest of the conductor 2 via separation portions 8a, 8b. Thus, two segments 5a, 5b are formed on both sides of the plate-like portion 7. Each of the two segments 5a, 5b has a hole 6a or 6b for connecting cables or busbars. If the cables or busbars are connected by welding, brazing, or similar methods, the holes 6a and 6b can be omitted. A piston 9 is located in the cavity 4, its O-ring positioned in a groove 11. If the cavity 4 and the corresponding piston 9 have a non-circular cross-section, the piston 9 is guided in a non-rotatable manner within the cavity 4.

[0028] Above piston 9 (e.g.) Figure 1 An ignition unit 12 with an electric igniter 13 is present (as seen "above"). Electrical contact of the igniter 13 is achieved via an electrical interface 14. The ignition unit 12 is secured by a retainer 15, which, in other embodiments, may also encircle a portion of the cavity 4 in the conductor sheath 3. A lower portion 16 is provided below the conductor sheath 3, having a cavity 17 aligned with the cavity 4. The lower portion 16 is connected to the retainer 15 by screws (not visible in this figure). Within the conductor sheath 3, below the conductor 2, there are two sacrificial members 18a and 18b made of pressed wire mesh. In this respect, its configuration corresponds to the aforementioned WO2021 / 007604A1.

[0029] Unlike this, the sacrificial elements 18a and 18b are at least temporarily in contact with segments 5a or 5b of conductor 2, as shown in detail Z. In this embodiment, each of the sacrificial elements 18a and 18b has a contact portion with segment 5a or 5b away from the central axis of the circuit breaker. In this example, the contact is achieved through thin connecting conductors 19a and 19b, which make direct contact with the sacrificial elements 18a or 18b and the conductor ends 5a or 5b. Although the filter in patent document WO2021 / 007604A1 only experiences erosion from the side facing the arc, in the design according to the present invention, current flow and consumption of sacrificial material extend through the filter or metal sacrificial elements 18a and 18b.

[0030] Figure 2 The circuit breaker during the electrical disconnection process is shown. By igniting the igniter 13, the piston 9 in the figure moves downward, i.e., away from the ignition unit 12, and causes the plate-shaped portion 7 to break off from the conductor 2 at the separation portions 8a and 8b (see Figure 1). Figure 1 The first separation portion 8a has the first end 8aa at the first segment 5a of conductor 2 (see...). Figure 2 ) and the second end 8ab at one end of the plate-shaped portion 7, and the second separation portion 8b (see Figure 1 The first end 8ba at the other end of the plate-like portion 7 (see...) Figure 2 And the second end 8bb at the second segment 5b of conductor 2. If a large current flows through conductor 2, an electric arc is first formed between segments 5a, 5b and plate 7, that is, between the first end 8aa and the second end 8ab of the first separation part 8a and between the first end 8ba and the second end 8bb of the second separation part 8b.

[0031] If the plate-shaped portion 7 is close to the sacrificial elements 18a and 18b, current will transfer to the sacrificial elements 18a and 18b. In the second step, the connecting conductors 19a and 19b vaporize and form an electric arc. A short electric arc will also form between the sacrificial elements 18a and 18b and the plate-shaped portion 7. Thus, two electric arcs are formed on each side, doubling the number of arcs, with the root of each arc located in the well-cooled sacrificial element 18a or 18b. This advantage continues until the arcs "burn through" the sacrificial elements 18a and 18b and then connect with each other. Obviously, this principle has good scalability without significantly increasing the structural height of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 1. The two electric arcs melt or vaporize the material of the sacrificial elements 18a and 18b, each forming a hole that extends from both sides into the sacrificial elements 18a or 18b until the two arcs meet and create a through channel, as shown in the image. Figure 2 As shown. In Figure 2 In the state shown, the electric arc persists in the residual portion of the sacrificial element 18a or 18b after ablation.

[0032] Figure 3 The state after the electrical disconnection process is shown. Only remnants of the sacrificial components 18a and 18b remain, and the remaining arc is extinguished by compression between the piston 9 and the lower part 16. In this way, energy is sufficiently dissipated from the arc during the disconnection process, ensuring the separation of conductor 2 and the extinguishing of the arc.

[0033] The significant advantage over WO2021 / 007604A1 is that the sacrificial component is consumed by the arc root (one anode and one cathode), thus ensuring better energy absorption. By temporarily increasing the number of arcs, the voltage is increased, thereby improving power loss.

[0034] Figure 4 The circuit breaker 1 of the present invention is shown, which has an enlarged sacrificial member 18a, thereby enabling more energy to be dissipated from the electric arc in a space-saving manner.

[0035] Further detailed diagrams show three possible contact methods for the sacrificial component. Figures 5 to 7 ).

[0036] Figure 5 The details of the connection between the sacrificial component 18a and segment 5a are shown (see [reference]). Figure 1 Here, contact with segment 5a is achieved through a fuse-like structure. This configuration enables deterministic access to the sacrificial member 18a and targeted energy absorption during disconnection. The connecting conductor 19a is connected to segment 5a at position 21, for example, by ultrasonic welding. This connecting conductor protrudes from the hole 23 after conductor 2 is covered with conductor sheath 3; or it is welded to segment 5a after sheathing. The hole 23 may be filled with sand or other suitable materials (ceramic particles, talc, etc.) to improve energy absorption in low-current regions where the sacrificial member 18a is not corroded or only slightly corroded.

[0037] If the hole 23 is filled with an arc-extinguishing medium, a cover 24 is preferably provided, which is preferably non-metallic. The connecting conductor 19a protrudes through the cover 24 and can then be bent so that it contacts the sacrificial member 18a at position 22.

[0038] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates contact between a metal tip 25 and a sacrificial member 18a, which is pressed into or touches the sacrificial member 18a during assembly. This direct mechanical connection ensures rapid and efficient current transfer.

[0039] exist Figure 7Contact is achieved via a spark gap, referred to here as the air gap between the tip 25 and the sacrificial member 18a. An electric arc can be formed via this tip. The spacing between the tip 25 and the sacrificial member 18a allows for adjustment of the electric arc or arc triggering conditions. This scheme allows for controlled ignition of the arc at a defined breakdown voltage, which can facilitate targeted energy absorption. The advantage of this implementation is that it can additionally interrupt possible current paths when breaking in the absence of current.

[0040] In the context of this invention, "contact" means that at least one current path will be generated under high current conditions. Actual contact (current path connection) is not necessary, but is feasible. The connection between segment 5a and sacrificial member 18a in different embodiments is shown in detail in the figures; however, it should be noted that this connection can also have a large cross-section and preferably make point contact with the sacrificial member only at the end. This contact method is preferable when the sacrificial member is external.

[0041] like Figure 8 As shown, the positioning of the sacrificial material is independent of the central cavity 4. It goes without saying that the sacrificial element 18a can be attached to any part within the circuit breaker or outside the circuit breaker, or attached in combination (by connecting it in parallel with other chambers that also have sacrificial elements). In this way, a larger amount of sacrificial material can be used without increasing the structural height of the circuit breaker.

[0042] Figure 8 The positioning of the sacrificial element 18a is shown, spaced apart from the central cavity 4 of the circuit breaker 1 and connected to the central cavity 4 by a contact (sliding contact) 26. This shows that the sacrificial element 18a can be placed in almost any location within the circuit breaker.

[0043] In the illustrated configuration, circuit breaker 1 includes a contact (sliding contact) 26 that is planarly connected to the underside of sacrificial member 18a. In an alternative embodiment, the connection between the contact (sliding contact) 26 and sacrificial member 18a is preferably point-like, as described previously regarding the connection between segment 5a and sacrificial member 18a. In the illustrated embodiment, sacrificial member 18a experiences increased wear starting from the side of segment 5a.

[0044] Figure 9An embodiment is shown in which two sacrificial elements 18a and 18b are separated from the central cavity 4. These two sacrificial elements 18a and 18b are connected to each other not by a sliding contact but by a connecting line 27. Such a connecting line 27 can be provided even if the sacrificial elements 18a and 18b are directly adjacent to the cavity 4. This largely avoids arcing between the first end 18aa or 18ba and the second end 18ab or 18bb. Once the conductor 2 is broken down at the separation points 8a and 8b, the current is transferred to the following path: connecting conductor 19a, sacrificial element 18a, connecting line 27, sacrificial element 18b, and connecting conductor 19b. The sacrificial elements 18a and 18b are connected in series via the connecting line 27. If only a weak current flows, all components of this current path remain intact without further action, thus preventing interruption. To avoid this, an additional piston 28 is provided, which, upon triggering, is pushed by the piston 9 via the plate-like portion 7, thereby disconnecting the connecting line 27 (see...). Figure 10 Upon triggering, the series connection of the two sacrificial components 18a and 18b is interrupted. This is even if the connecting conductors 19a and 19b and the sacrificial components 18a and 18b remain intact (e.g., Figure 10 As shown), current interruption is also reliably achieved at conductor ends 5a and 5b.

[0045] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, this embodiment of the sacrificial components in series can also advantageously be implemented with only one separation point. Here, the conductor 2 has only one predetermined break point, 8a, while the second predetermined break point 8b is replaced by a bending point 8b' provided by weakening the conductor 2. The difference also lies in that the lower side of the piston 9 includes a ramp, whereas in the aforementioned embodiment, the lower surface of the piston 9 is orthogonal to its direction of movement. This ramp is most prominent in the region of the separation point 8a. To prevent the piston 9 from rotating about its axis, in this embodiment, the piston 9, as well as the cavities 4 and 17, have a non-circular cross-section. Figure 12 It can be seen that when triggered, the plate-shaped part 7 does not completely detach from the conductor 2, but bends downward around the bending part 8b'. In this way, the plate-shaped part strikes the other piston 28 with its end, thereby pushing the other piston downward and disconnecting the connecting line 27.

[0046] The principle of this invention is not limited to using a molded conductor 2; the conductor 2 can also be embedded in a portion of the housing. This invention is applicable to circuit breakers with one or more disconnected sections.

Claims

1. A pyrotechnic circuit breaker (1) with a conductor (2) penetrating a cavity (4), wherein, The conductor (2) includes at least one separation portion (8a) at which the conductor (2) can be separated by a pyrotechnic-driven separation piston (9), such that the conductor (2) disconnected at the separation portion (8a) includes a first end (8aa) of the separation portion at a first segment (5a) of the conductor (2) and a second end (8ab) of the separation portion (8a), and during the electrical disconnection process, a fuse is at least temporarily located in the current path and is connected in parallel with the separation portion (8a), characterized in that the fuse is a metal sacrificial element (18a) made of a wire mesh or a woven wire mesh.

2. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is a gap between the current path and the first end (8aa) of the separation part (8a).

3. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Two sacrificial elements (18a, 18b) are provided, wherein both metal sacrificial elements (18a, 18b) are made of wire mesh or wire braided mesh and are connected in series at least temporarily during the breaking process.

4. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conductor includes two separation portions (8a, 8b), and the plate-like portion (7) of the conductor (2) can be folded between the two separation portions, thereby creating a first separation portion (8a) and a second separation portion (8b) when the conductor is broken. The first separation portion (8a) has a first end (8aa) at a first segment (5a) of the conductor (2) and a second end (8ab) at one end of the plate-like portion (7), and the second separation portion (8b) has a first end (8ba) at the other end of the plate-like portion (7) and a second end (8bb) at a second segment (5b) of the conductor (2). During the electrical breaking process, the sacrificial elements (18a, 18b) of the two metals and the plate-like portion (7) are at least temporarily located in the current path.

5. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that, There is a gap between the current path and the second end (8bb) of the second separation part (8b).

6. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The two sacrificial components (18a, 18b) are connected in series via a connecting line (27), wherein preferably, the connecting line (27) is interrupted during the disconnection process.

7. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The distance between the current path and the first end (8aa) of the first separation part (8a) or the second end (8bb) of the second separation part (8b) is at least 2 mm, preferably at least 5 mm, particularly preferably at least 10 mm, and most preferably at least 20 mm.

8. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, One or more sacrificial elements (18a, 18b) have substantially point-like contact portions with one or more segments (5a, 5b) of the conductor (2), and the contact area is at most 5 mm².

9. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The contact portion between one or more sacrificial elements (18a, 18b) and one or more segments (5a, 5b) of the conductor (2) is a spark gap.

10. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The contact between one or more sacrificial elements (18a, 18b) and one or more segments (5a, 5b) of the conductor (2) is achieved by a fusible conductor (19a, 19b), preferably located in an arc-extinguishing medium.

11. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to claim 10, characterized in that, The electrical contacts of the one or more sacrificial components (18a, 18b) are fuses.

12. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, At least one sacrificial component is located within its own housing.

13. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, One or more sacrificial components (18a, 18b) are made of iron or an iron-containing alloy.

14. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, One or more sacrificial components (18a, 18b) are made of copper or copper alloys.

15. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, One or more sacrificial components (18a, 18b) are made of tungsten or tungsten-containing alloys.

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