Optical assembly and method for periodic rectilinear oscillation of an optical member fixed in a frame

Abstract

The present invention relates to a component for causing optical components to move periodically.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a component for causing optical components to move periodically. Background Technology

[0002] A mobile phone with a camera is known from JP 2003315656 A, wherein the focusing lens of the camera is vibrated by means of an eccentric wheel to achieve a vibration function for notifying the operator, thereby eliminating the need for an additional vibration unit.

[0003] An autofocusing device for a camera with a lens oscillating at 30 Hz is known from JPH07-162732 A, wherein the direction of the focal position is determined by means of the oscillating lens. The oscillation frequency is disadvantageously associated with half the frame rate and the relatively high energy consumption of the oscillation excitation.

[0004] A test apparatus for controlling the image plane position of an objective lens is known from DE 2648419 A1, in which the lens is oscillated by means of an oscillating plate. Its disadvantages are that the lens moves on a curved track and can also be subjected to tilting about the optical axis. Therefore, only a small oscillation amplitude can be achieved with this system without affecting the optical quality of the image.

[0005] An actuator with an intrinsic position sensor is known from DE 10 2017 214 474 A1, wherein a lens should be positioned at the focal point. The control bandwidth of this actuator is selected to be significantly greater than the mechanical resonant frequency of the spring-mass system to achieve a rapid autofocusing process. Its disadvantage is the relatively high power consumption of the actuator.

[0006] A method for recording z-stacks is known from US 2021 0 149 170 A1.

[0007] Purpose of the invention

[0008] The object of this invention is to provide an optical component and a method for causing an optical component fixed in a frame to oscillate periodically in a linear fashion. The aim is to achieve lower energy consumption and improved efficiency.

[0009] Solution

[0010] This objective is achieved by the optical component according to claim 1 and the method according to claim 10. This method can be advantageously implemented in conjunction with the optical component.

[0011] Advantages of the invention

[0012] The advantages of this invention lie in the improved energy efficiency of the optical component and the possibility of rapidly recording image sequences in various object planes. Due to the improved energy efficiency, the optical component in this embodiment can be compact, resource-saving in manufacturing, and sustainable in operation.

[0013] Detailed Explanation

[0014] The optical components according to the present invention and the method according to the present invention will be described below.

[0015] The optical components according to the present invention include

[0016] •Standard

[0017] • An optical component fixed by a frame, particularly wherein the optical component includes at least one of the following elements:

[0018] ○ Plane mirror,

[0019] ○ Curved mirror,

[0020] ○ Optical lens,

[0021] ○ Optical lens group,

[0022] ○ Light source

[0023] ○ Image sensor

[0024] • At least one electrically operable linear drive element with an oscillating element and a stator, and

[0025] • At least one return spring.

[0026] In the optical components according to the invention

[0027] The stator is mechanically connected to the support frame.

[0028] • The frame is mechanically connected to the oscillating element.

[0029] • The oscillating element can be offset relative to the stator in the direction of motion.

[0030] • The linear drive element is configured to cause the frame and the optical component to oscillate linearly together in the direction of motion.

[0031] • The return spring is configured to provide a return force between the oscillating element and the stator.

[0032] In addition, the optical component has a resonant frequency f r The linear drive element can operate such that the mechanical oscillation has a resonant frequency f. rThe oscillation frequency f is such that the optical component can move periodically. Resonant operation has the advantage of requiring less driving energy compared to non-resonant operation. This allows for a smaller size of the driving element. Furthermore, in the case of implementing this optical component in a handheld device, a smaller battery can be used.

[0033] The optical component fixed within this frame may have, for example, an optical axis extending in the z-direction. To fix the optical component, the frame may be formed as a ring. It is also possible that the optical component is fixed to the frame only on one side. This can be understood as the optical component being in mechanical contact with the frame only at one or more locations, without the frame enclosing the component.

[0034] The support can be implemented as an optical bench, a substrate, or a housing, for example.

[0035] A linearly driven element capable of electrical operation can drive the frame to move in the z-direction. The z-direction can be the direction of linear oscillation of the frame in the sense of a one-dimensional oscillation along a line. The linearly driven element can include a ferromagnetic element and a magnetic coil, the magnetic coil applying a force to the ferromagnetic element depending on the current. The magnetic coil can be formed as a stator, that is, fixedly connected to the support, and the ferromagnetic element can be the oscillating element. Alternatively, the magnetic coil can be the oscillating element and the ferromagnetic element can be the stator.

[0036] The return spring can also be referred to as a return spring assembly. The return spring can be exemplaryly formed as a helical spring. This is the cheapest solution. However, the return spring may experience fatigue due to mechanical stress. The return spring can advantageously be formed as a magnet assembly including a first permanent magnet element and a second permanent magnet element. Its advantage is that mechanical stress is absent. Here, magnetic repulsive coupling can exist between the first permanent magnet element and the second permanent magnet element. This allows one pole (e.g., the north pole) of the second permanent magnet element to be opposite to the corresponding pole (e.g., also the north pole) of the first permanent magnet element at a certain distance. This can generate, for example, a first repulsive force in the z-direction, the magnitude of which can decrease with increasing distance. The return spring can also include a third permanent magnet element. Here, the other magnetic pole (e.g., the south pole) of the second permanent magnet element is opposite to the corresponding pole (i.e., also the south pole) of the third permanent magnet element at a second distance, thereby generating, for example, a second repulsive force between the second and third permanent magnet elements in the z-direction. For this purpose, these permanent magnet elements can be magnetized in the z-direction. The z-direction can represent the negative z-direction. The first and third permanent magnet elements can be connected to the support, while the second permanent magnet element can be connected to the frame. Since the first and second repulsive forces point in opposite directions and depend on the corresponding distances between these permanent magnet elements, the first to third permanent magnet elements form a return spring without mechanical contact. The second permanent magnet element can be connected to or be identical to the oscillating element. That is, in the latter case, the second permanent magnet element can simultaneously include the function of the oscillating element. Ferromagnetic elements capable of exerting force in the direction of motion in coordination with the magnet coil can also be formed as permanent magnets.

[0037] The first and third permanent magnet elements can be implemented as toroidal magnets. This allows the driving force of the linear drive element to be transmitted to the frame along the coil axis. A robust mechanical connection can be established between the linear drive element and the frame for this purpose.

[0038] The restoring force applied by the return spring can be proportional to the elongation, which can also be described as a linear relationship. Elongation can be understood as the change in position of the oscillating element relative to its unforced neutral position. Elongation can be equivalent to the length extension of the return spring, where compression of the return spring can be considered as negative length extension. In a magnetic spring, elongation can be defined as the change in position of a movable magnetic element relative to its unforced neutral position.

[0039] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the reset force can be non-linearly related to elongation. The reset force can be increased, in particular, in a superproportional manner related to elongation. This indicates that the reset force has a larger absolute value at the upper and lower ends of the turning region compared to the case where the reset force is proportionally related to elongation. A reset force can be chosen as a comparative proportional reset force whose proportionality coefficient corresponds to a non-linear increase in the reset force in the neutral position under the current condition. Such a superproportional correlation can be achieved, for example, by a reset spring formed as a magnet assembly. The superproportional effect can be particularly strong when the static first and third permanent magnet elements are arranged as close as possible to the end of the set turning region (i.e., amplitude) of the movable second permanent magnet element. The minimum distance between the second and first permanent magnet elements, measured in the direction of motion at the end of the set turning region, can advantageously be less than one-third of this distance in the unforced neutral position, advantageously less than 25%, and particularly advantageously less than 20%. The same minimum distance can be set at the other end of the turning region between the second and third permanent magnet elements. The nonlinearity of the reset force can be achieved through the bipolar characteristics of the permanent magnet element or is particularly prominent in its form.

[0040] The optical component can advantageously have a damping device with a damping degree D, where the quality factor Q = 1 / (2πf). D) Between 5 and 10000, especially between 10 and 1000, especially between 20 and 100. This damping device can be achieved, for example, by the friction of a linear guide. Alternatively, a buffer can be used to achieve the defined damping effect. It is also possible to place an ohmic resistor parallel to the magnet coil to achieve a defined damping effect on the oscillations of the optical component.

[0041] Here, the oscillation of the optical component may exert a time-dependent force on the support. This can be disadvantageous. To compensate for the force on the support, the optical component may also include a compensation component that can oscillate in the opposite direction to generate a reverse, time-dependent force on the support. Ideally, the support can thus be free from force.

[0042] The component advantageously includes at least one sensor, which may in particular be a magnetic field sensor, a coil, a position sensor, or a grating, or be formed as such a device. For this purpose, the sensor can be configured to acquire the position and / or velocity of the optical component. For this purpose, the sensor can detect the position or velocity of the oscillating element or the frame relative to the support. It is also possible that the sensor detects the position or velocity of the optical component. The sensor signal can be used to synchronize the periodic electrical energy used to operate the linear drive element with the oscillation of the optical component. For this purpose, the sensor signal can be amplified and, if necessary, phase-shifted to control the electrical drive energy of the linear element. The sensor signal can also be used to determine the recording time point for recording an image. For this purpose, image recording can be triggered separately at specific locations on the optical component, for example. It may be particularly advantageous to use the first sensor to control the oscillation. Then, a second sensor, especially a position sensor, can be used to trigger an action, such as image recording, at a specific location on the optical component. It is also advantageous to use only one sensor equally for both tasks.

[0043] Advantageously, the optical component may also have a control unit, and the component and the control unit form an adjustment loop, which allows the oscillation frequency f to be adjusted to the resonant frequency f. r Therefore, the sensor signal can be sent to the control unit. This allows for the formation of a regulation section (Regelstrecke) with electrical feedback.

[0044] The optical component advantageously includes at least one linear guide. This linear guide can be formed, for example, as a dovetail guide or a ball bearing. The linear guide can be movably formed in the z-direction.

[0045] The oscillating element advantageously has an amplitude of 1 mm to 20 mm, particularly 2 mm to 10 mm, measured from minimum to maximum turning point (peak-to-peak value), and / or a resonant frequency f between 5 Hz and 60 Hz, particularly between 7.5 Hz and 30 Hz. rWhen the reset force is proportional to the elongation, the resonant frequency can vary within a certain range by changing the oscillation amplitude. This makes it possible to accurately match the resonant frequency. In cases where there is strong nonlinearity at the end of the turning region, a small amplitude change may be sufficient to provide a usable resonant frequency range for frequency matching, thus allowing the resonant frequency to be rated even when all components have manufacturing tolerances (such as mass tolerances of moving parts and tolerances of remanent magnetization of these permanent magnet elements). Furthermore, it is possible for the mechanical resonant frequency to adjust itself when the linear drive element is driven at a preset rated frequency. This eliminates the need for electrical adjustment of the linear drive element's frequency in some cases. In other words, the mechanical resonant frequency of the mechanical oscillation system can be automatically adapted to the preset rated frequency of the drive element by adjusting the amplitude, which is impossible when the reset force is proportional to the elongation.

[0046] To provide a measure of the hyperproportional correlation between the restoring force and the elongation, the following can be performed. For each elongation s of the restoring spring, the restoring force F(s) and the first derivative F'(s) = dF(s) / ds can be determined. The first derivative at the neutral position can be denoted as F'(0), and the first derivative at the positions of minimum and maximum elongation (i.e., the reversal points of oscillation) can be denoted as F'(s). min ) and F'(s max Therefore, a ratio F'(s) can be constructed for each. min ) / F'(0) and F'(s max ) / F'(0) serves as a measure of the overproportion, where both ratio values ​​can be greater than 1.5, advantageously between 2 and 100, particularly advantageously between 3 and 30, and very particularly advantageously between 3 and 10. As explained further below, a higher overproportion can also benefit the optimized oscillation waveform of the optical component. However, an excessively high overproportion can cause the component to jitter due to increased reverse impact at the reverse points of the oscillation. Therefore, it may be meaningful to give the maximum value of the overproportion in addition to the minimum value. The path between the reverse points of the oscillation can be denoted as the amplitude of the oscillation, where the elongation can cover the region {s} min ; s max}

[0047] Conversely, if only a small amplitude is set around the neutral position of the magnet spring, the restoring force may be substantially proportional to the elongation. In this case, the advantage of superproportional force cannot be utilized.

[0048] The linear drive element advantageously includes a coil. A capacitor can advantageously be connected in parallel with the coil, the capacitor being used to match the electrical resonant frequency with the mechanical resonant frequency of the optical component.

[0049] This optical component can be advantageously used to periodically adjust the focal position of the optical element.

[0050] Another method is proposed for causing periodic linear oscillations of an optical component fixed in a frame, the method comprising the following steps:

[0051] • Provides periodic electrical drive signals with multiple cycles.

[0052] • A periodic electric drive signal is supplied to a electrically operated linear drive element, which applies a driving force to the frame, wherein the position of the frame relative to the support changes periodically.

[0053] • A restoring force, depending on the position of the frame, is applied by means of a return spring.

[0054] • By means of a first sensor, the measured values ​​of the frame's position and / or the frame's instantaneous velocity are continuously detected.

[0055] • Supply the measured values ​​to the control unit.

[0056] • The periodic electric drive signal is adjusted to the resonant frequency of the optical component by means of the control unit and / or the resonant frequency of the optical component is matched with the rated frequency by adapting the oscillation amplitude of the optical component (2).

[0057] The oscillation of this optical component can advantageously be a sinusoidal oscillation. When, for example, an electrical drive signal of the same frequency that is phase-shifted relative to the oscillation of the optical component is provided by an oscillation circuit, a sinusoidal oscillation can be easily generated by means of this linear drive element.

[0058] Alternatively, the optimized oscillation waveform of the optical component can be advantageous if its time curve lies between a sinusoidal oscillation and a triangular oscillation of the same amplitude. For this purpose, pure sinusoidal oscillations and pure triangular oscillations, having the same frequency, phase, and amplitude as the oscillation of the optical component, can be used. In the region between the zero-crossing point and the maximum value of the oscillation of the optical component, the pure sinusoidal oscillation forms the upper bound of the oscillation and the pure triangular oscillation forms the lower bound. The superproportional correlation between the reset force and elongation of the reset spring can help approximate the triangular oscillation waveform. With the optimized oscillation waveform, the duration of the time interval unusable for image recording around the reversal point of the optical element's movement can be reduced.

[0059] By leveraging the proportional relationship between the return force and elongation of the return spring, the resonant frequency of the optical component can be matched to the rated frequency by adapting the amplitude of its linear oscillation. Increasing the amplitude then increases the resonant frequency. The amplitude of the linear oscillation of the optical component can be adapted by adjusting the electrical energy supplied to the linear drive element. Within the optimized damping range given above, the defined damping of the oscillating component improves the adjustability of the resonant frequency.

[0060] Advantageously, the method according to the claim may further include:

[0061] • The object is imaged onto the image sensor using this optical component, wherein the plane on the object side is clearly imaged onto the image sensor depending on the position of the frame.

[0062] • The image sensor continuously records multiple images at different locations on the frame.

[0063] During continuous image recording, it is advantageous to trigger image recording of the object at individual locations within the frame. A second sensor can be provided for this purpose. This second sensor can be configured as a clock generator that triggers image recording at predetermined locations within the frame. This sensor can, but does not necessarily have to, be the same as the first sensor. This sensor can then be used not only to detect measurements for the control unit to adjust the periodic drive signal, but also to trigger image recording. However, it may also be advantageous to use two separate sensors. While the latter may be more expensive, it achieves greater accuracy in determining the image recording position.

[0064] To enable continuous image recording, the oscillation can be fixed, meaning it continues for a period of time, such as at least 1, 10, or 100 seconds, at substantially the same frequency and amplitude. Sufficient images can then be recorded for accurate analysis. It is also possible to slowly rotate the object relative to the optical component during this fixed oscillation period to record image sequences from various viewing directions. This makes possible undercuts on the object's surface visible. Furthermore, this improves the accuracy of the three-dimensional model described below. Slow rotation can mean that the absolute value of the torsion in each oscillation cycle is less than 5°, advantageously less than 2°, and particularly advantageously less than 1°. Relative rotation can also be performed in such a way that the object is fixed in space and the optical component is guided at least partially around the object.

[0065] Advantageously, the method may also include:

[0066] • A z-stack is formed from multiple images recorded in one period.

[0067] • Z-stacking produces 2D images with improved depth clarity and / or 3D models of objects.

[0068] Advantageously, the method may also include:

[0069] • Two-dimensional or three-dimensional video is generated from multiple sequentially generated two-dimensional images or three-dimensional models.

[0070] In the attached diagram:

[0071] Figure 1 The principle of the optical components is shown.

[0072] Figure 2 The first embodiment is shown.

[0073] Figure 3 The principle of an optical component with compensated support force is shown.

[0074] Figure 4 The second embodiment is shown.

[0075] Figure 5 An implementation scheme for oscillation control of the optical component is shown.

[0076] Figure 6 The oscillation waveform of the optical component is shown.

[0077] Figure 7 A magnet coil with a parallel capacitor is shown.

[0078] Figure 8 Two magnet coils with parallel capacitors are shown.

[0079] Figure 9 A third embodiment of the optical components is shown.

[0080] Figure 10 A fourth embodiment of the optical component is shown.

[0081] Figure 11 A fifth embodiment of the optical components is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0082] The present invention will be illustrated below with examples.

[0083] Figure 1 The principle of the optical assembly is illustrated. Optical assembly 1 includes a support 7. In Figure 1 The theoretical diagram illustrates the function of bracket 7 as a retainer at the end of return spring 16. The time-dependent driving force F, indicated by reference numeral 9, is shown. d(t) is engaged at the other end of the return spring. The oscillating element 13 can be guided offset in the z-direction by means of the linear guide 6. The oscillating element 13 is connected to the frame 5 such that the frame, together with the optical component 2, can also be offset in the z-direction. The total mass of the oscillating element 13, the frame 5, and the optical component 2 can cooperate with the spring constant of the return spring 16 to form a mechanical oscillation system. The bracket 7, acting as a fixing element, must absorb the supporting force F at the support end of the return spring. g (t).

[0084] Figure 2 The first embodiment is shown. According to... Figure 2 In the first embodiment, the support is shown as a substrate. The reset spring 16 is implemented as a non-contact magnetic spring. For this purpose, a first permanent magnet element 18 is provided, which is arranged to be magnetically coupled 22 with a second permanent magnet element 19. Oppositely placed magnetic poles of the same type (forming a first repulsive force therebetween) are shown here filled with a uniform black color. In addition, the other magnetic poles of the second permanent magnet element 19, shown as unfilled, are placed opposite to the poles of the same type of the third permanent magnet element 20, thereby forming a second repulsive force between the second permanent magnet element 19 and the third permanent magnet element 20. Since the first and second repulsive forces point in opposite directions and depend on the corresponding distance between these permanent magnet elements, the first permanent magnet element to the third permanent magnet elements 18, 19, 20 form a reset spring 16 without mechanical contact. In particular, due to the bipolar characteristics of these permanent magnet elements, the reset force can be increased disproportionately with elongation (that is, with the instantaneous position of the second permanent magnet element 18). When the second permanent magnet element 18 approaches the first permanent magnet element 18 or the third permanent magnet element 20, the absolute value of the reset force exceeds the value present when the reset force is linearly related to the elongation. In this example, the second permanent magnet element 19 also functions as the oscillating element 13. The ferromagnetic element 10, which can cooperate with the magnet coil 11 to apply force in the direction of motion 14, is also formed as a permanent magnet. The magnet coil is here set as the stator 15, that is, fixedly connected to the bracket 7. Similarly, the first permanent magnet element 18 and the third permanent magnet element 20 are fixedly connected to the bracket. The electrically operable linear drive element 8 includes the magnet coil 11 and the ferromagnetic element 10. In this example, the first permanent magnet element 18 and the third permanent magnet element 20 are implemented as toroidal magnets. Thus, the driving force 9 of the linear drive element 8 can be transmitted to the frame 5 on the coil axis 12. Here, a robust mechanical connection, such as a push rod, is provided for this purpose. In addition, there is an optical component 2 fixed to the frame 5, which has an optical axis 4. The optical component 2 may in particular include at least one of the following elements:

[0085] • Plane mirror

[0086] • Curved mirror

[0087] • Optical lenses

[0088] • Optical lens group

[0089] •light source

[0090] • Image sensor

[0091] The oscillating element 13 is supported offset relative to the stator 15 in the direction of motion 14. A linear guide 6 is provided for this purpose.

[0092] The linear drive element 8 is configured to cause the frame 5 and the optical component 2 to oscillate linearly in the direction of motion 14.

[0093] The reset spring 16 is configured to provide a reset force between the oscillating element 13 and the stator 15 to form a mechanically oscillating system.

[0094] Optical component 1 has a resonant frequency f r The linear drive element 8 can operate such that the mechanical oscillations of the optical components have a resonant frequency f. r The oscillation frequency f.

[0095] Optical component 1 can advantageously have a damping device having a damping degree D, wherein the quality factor Q = 1 / (2πf) D) Between 5 and 10000, especially between 10 and 1000, especially between 20 and 100. This damping device can be achieved, for example, by the friction of a linear guide. Alternatively, a buffer can be used to achieve the defined damping effect.

[0096] Optionally, the component advantageously includes at least one sensor 26, 27, which may in particular be a magnetic field sensor, coil, position sensor, or grating, or be formed as such. The sensor can be configured to acquire the position and / or velocity of the optical component 2. For this purpose, the sensor can detect the position or velocity of the oscillating element 13 or frame 5 relative to the support 7. In the figures, the first sensor 26 and the second sensor 27 are mechanically connected to the support 7. It is also possible that the sensor detects the position or velocity of the optical component 5 when it is positioned appropriately. The sensor signal can be used to synchronize the periodic electrical energy used to operate the linear drive element 8 with the oscillation of the optical component 2. For this purpose, the sensor signal can be amplified and, if necessary, phase-shifted to control the electrical drive energy of the linear drive element 8.

[0097] In a variation not shown in the figures of all embodiments, the linear drive element 8 is configured such that the ferromagnetic element 10 forms the stator 15, that is, is fixedly connected to the bracket 7, while the coil 11 forms the oscillating element 13, that is, is mechanically connected to the frame 5.

[0098] In other embodiments, the reference numerals introduced herein shall still apply accordingly.

[0099] Figure 3 The principle of an optical assembly with compensated support force is shown. Here, compensation for the force acting on the bearing 7 is provided. The compensation assembly 24 includes a compensation return spring 16a, a compensation oscillation element 13a, a compensation magnet coil 15a, a compensation linear guide 6a, and a balancing mass 25. This balancing mass is driven in the opposite direction to the frame 5 by means of a compensation driving force F via additional linear drive elements 13a, 15a). k (t) Perform an oscillation that is out of phase with the oscillation of the optical component to obtain the supporting resultant force F. g (t) = 0.

[0100] Figure 4 A second embodiment is shown. In this example, optical component 1 is shown with compensation component 24. The balancing mass 25 is selected to correspond to the sum of the masses of the frame and optical component 5. Compensation springs 18a, 19a, and 20a are selected in accordance with the above description... Figure 2 The detailed return springs 18, 19, and 20 are of the same type. A first permanent magnet compensating element 18a is provided as a compensating return spring, which is arranged to be magnetically coupled 22 with a second permanent magnet compensating element 19a. Oppositely placed magnetic poles of the same type (forming a first repulsive force therebetween) are shown here filled with a uniform black color. Furthermore, the other unfilled magnetic poles of the second permanent magnet compensating element 19a are placed opposite to the same type of poles of the third permanent magnet compensating element 20a, thereby forming a second repulsive force between the second permanent magnet compensating element 19a and the third permanent magnet compensating element 20a.

[0101] Figure 5 An embodiment of the oscillation control of the optical component is shown. Here, the optical component has a control unit 28, wherein the component and the control unit 28 form an adjustment loop, which allows the oscillation frequency f to be adjusted to the resonant frequency f. rTherefore, the sensor signal 5 is sent as the actual value 31 to the control unit 28. The control unit 28 controls the linear drive element 8 by means of the drive signal 9, thereby forming an adjustment segment with electrical feedback. An optional function generator 32 can provide a rated value 30, which is compared with the actual value 31 from the sensor in this control unit. Alternatively, the resonant frequency can be adjusted to the resonant frequency solely by means of the feedback sensor signal without a preset rated value, in the sense of an oscillator that oscillates itself.

[0102] Figure 6 The oscillation waveform of the optical component is shown. A sinusoidal oscillation 37 of the optical component with amplitude S normalized to the z-coordinate is shown within a time t normalized to the period duration T. Ideally, a triangular wave oscillation 38 can be attempted for certain applications. Especially when image recording should be performed at equidistant points in the z-coordinate, image recording can be performed at temporally equidistant time points with the triangular wave oscillation. A triangular wave oscillation 38 is shown, which has the same frequency, amplitude, and phase as the sinusoidal oscillation 37. However, achieving an ideal triangular wave oscillation is difficult. However, an optimized oscillation waveform 39, between the sinusoidal oscillation 37 and the ideal triangular wave oscillation 38, can be achieved by exciting a magnet coil with a triangular oscillation waveform of voltage.

[0103] Figure 7 A magnet coil with a parallel capacitor is shown. Here, the linear drive element 8 includes a magnet coil 11. Here, a capacitor 40 is connected in parallel with the coil 11, which is used to match the electrical resonant frequency with the mechanical resonant frequency of the optical component 1.

[0104] Figure 8 Two magnet coils with a parallel capacitor are shown. Here, the magnet coil 11 of the linear drive element and the magnet coil 11a of the compensation assembly are connected in series and in parallel with the capacitor 40.

[0105] Figure 9 A third embodiment of the optical assembly is shown. Here, the optical component 2 includes a plurality of lenses 2a, 2b. The optical component 1 is advantageously used to periodically adjust the focal position of the optical component 2 along the optical axis 4. Here, the object 33 (in the sense of observing the object) can be imaged onto the image sensor 34. By periodically moving the optical component 2, the focal position, that is, the distance between the optical component and the image sensor 34, changes. This results in the clear imaging of the successive planes of the object 33 onto the image sensor. The sequentially recorded images can thus form a z-stack. The second sensor 27 can be used to determine the instantaneous position of the frame 5 so as to trigger the recording of images by the image sensor 34 at predetermined positions.

[0106] In this example, the first permanent magnet element 18, the second permanent magnet element 19, and the third permanent magnet element 20 form a non-contact return spring. Here, the oscillating element 13, as a ferromagnetic element 10, is formed as a separate component, which is not entirely identical to the second permanent magnet element 19. Due to the opposing magnetic poles of the same type, there is magnetic repulsive coupling 22. The first permanent magnet element 18 and the third permanent magnet element 20 are connected to the support, while the second permanent magnet element 19 is connected to the frame 5. Because the second permanent magnet element 19 experiences distance-related repulsive forces on both sides, there is a stress-free position for the return spring 16 in the middle. The ferromagnetic element 10 can, but is not necessarily, permanent magnet. Here, the magnet coil 11 also forms the stator 15 of the linear drive element 8. The first sensor 26 can be used to resonately control the linear drive element 8.

[0107] In one variation, the optical component whose position is periodically adjusted can be the image sensor. Thus, the image sensor is arranged at the frame, and the lenses are fixedly positioned. Such components are shown further below in a fifth embodiment.

[0108] Figure 10 A fourth embodiment of the optical assembly is shown. Here, it is shown how the spring 16 of the first embodiment can be implemented in combination with the assembly of the third embodiment. It is also shown that optical imaging can be achieved using a single lens different from optical component 2.

[0109] Figure 11 A fifth embodiment of the optical assembly is shown. In this example, optical component 2 is implemented as image sensor 34. Second sensor 27 can be implemented as a proximity sensor. The second sensor can also be implemented as an optical encoder, for example, when a scale is placed on the horizontal portion of frame 5.

[0110] This example also shows that the spring may include four permanent magnet elements 18, 19, 20, and 21. Magnetic coupling 22 exists between the first permanent magnet element 18 and the second permanent magnet element 19, and between the third permanent magnet element 20 and the fourth permanent magnet element 21, respectively.

[0111] The reference numerals used consistently in all accompanying figures are as follows:

[0112] 1. Optical components

[0113] 2. Optical components

[0114] 3. Other optical components (fixed)

[0115] 4. Optical axis

[0116] 5. Framework

[0117] 6. Linear guide

[0118] 7. Bracket

[0119] 8. Linear drive components

[0120] 9. Driving force

[0121] 10. Ferromagnetic elements

[0122] 11. Magnet coil

[0123] 12. Coil axis

[0124] 13. Oscillating element

[0125] 14. Direction of movement

[0126] 15. Stator

[0127] 16. Return spring, non-contact spring

[0128] 17. Permanent magnet components

[0129] 18. First permanent magnet element

[0130] 19. Second permanent magnet element

[0131] 20. Third permanent magnet element

[0132] 21. Fourth permanent magnet element

[0133] 22. Magnetic coupling

[0134] 23. Resilience force

[0135] 24. Compensation Components

[0136] 25. Balanced mass

[0137] 26. First sensor

[0138] 27. Second sensor

[0139] 28. Control Unit

[0140] 29. Drive signal

[0141] 30. Rated value

[0142] 31. Actual value

[0143] 32. Function Generator

[0144] 33. Object

[0145] 34. Image sensor

[0146] 35. Beam

[0147] 36. Central Beam

[0148] 37. Sine wave oscillation

[0149] 38. Triangular wave oscillation

[0150] 39. Optimized oscillation waveform

[0151] 40. Capacitor.

Claims

1. An optical component (1), characterized in that, include •Staff (7) • An optical component (2) fixed by a frame (5), wherein the optical component (2) comprises at least one of the following elements: • Plane mirror • Curved mirror • Optical lenses • Optical lens group •light source • Image sensor • At least one electrically operated linear drive element (8) with an oscillating element (13) and a stator (15). • At least one return spring (16). in • The stator (15) is mechanically connected to the bracket (7). • The frame (5) is mechanically connected to the oscillating element (13). • The oscillating element (13) is offset relative to the stator (15) in the direction of motion (14). • The linear drive element (8) is configured to cause the frame (5) and the optical component (2) to oscillate linearly together in the direction of motion (14). • The reset spring (16) is configured to provide a reset force between the oscillating element (13) and the stator (15), wherein the reset spring (16) is formed as a magnet assembly including a first permanent magnet element (18) and a second permanent magnet element (19), wherein there is a magnetic repulsive coupling (22) between the first permanent magnet element (18) and the second permanent magnet element (19). • The optical component (1) has a resonant frequency f r , The linear drive element (8) is capable of operating such that the mechanical oscillation has a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency f. r The oscillation frequency f.

2. The optical component (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The component also includes a damping device having a damping degree D, wherein the quality factor Q = 1 / (2 D) Between 5 and 10000, especially between 10 and 1000, especially between 20 and 100.

3. The optical component (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The components include at least one sensor (26, 27) (especially a magnetic field sensor, coil, position sensor, grating).

4. The optical component (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The component also has a control unit (28) and the component and the control unit (28) form an adjustment loop, which allows the oscillation frequency f to be adjusted to the resonance frequency f. r .

5. The optical component (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The reset spring (16) has a superproportional correlation between the reset force and the elongation.

6. The optical component (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The resonance frequency f r It is possible to match the frequency range by changing the amplitude of the linear oscillation.

7. The optical component (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The oscillating element has an amplitude of 1 mm to 20 mm, particularly 2 mm to 10 mm, measured from minimum to maximum turning point (peak-to-peak value), and / or a resonant frequency f between 5 Hz and 60 Hz, particularly between 7.5 Hz and 30 Hz. r .

8. The optical component (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The linear drive element includes a coil, and a capacitor (40) is connected in parallel with the coil, the capacitor being used to match the electrical resonant frequency with the mechanical resonant frequency of the optical component (1).

9. The optical component (1) according to any one of the preceding claims is used to periodically adjust the focal position of the optical component (2).

10. A method for causing an optical component (2) fixed by a frame (5) to oscillate periodically in a linear manner, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: • Provide a periodic electric drive signal with multiple cycles (29). • The periodic electric drive signal (29) is supplied to an electrically operable linear drive element (8), wherein the linear drive element (8) applies a driving force to the frame (5), wherein the position of the frame (5) relative to the support (7) changes periodically. • A reset force is applied by means of a reset spring (16) depending on the position of the frame (5), wherein the reset spring (16) is formed as a magnet assembly including a first permanent magnet element (18) and a second permanent magnet element (19), wherein there is a magnetic repulsive coupling (22) between the first permanent magnet element (18) and the second permanent magnet element (19). • The first sensor (26) continuously detects the measured position of the frame (5) and / or the instantaneous velocity of the frame (5). • The measured values ​​are supplied to the control unit (28). • The periodic electric drive signal (29) is adjusted to the resonant frequency of the optical component by means of the control unit (28) and / or the resonant frequency of the optical component is matched with the rated frequency by adapting the oscillation amplitude of the optical component (2).

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The oscillation of the optical component is a sinusoidal oscillation or an optimized oscillation waveform (39), the time curve of which lies between a sinusoidal oscillation (37) and a triangular oscillation (38) of the same amplitude.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: • The object (33) is imaged onto the image sensor (34) by means of the optical component (2), wherein the plane on the object side is clearly imaged onto the image sensor (34) depending on the position of the frame (5). • Multiple images are continuously recorded at different locations on the frame (5) by means of the image sensor (34).

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, Image recording is triggered at a certain position in the frame (5) while the image is being continuously recorded.

14. The method according to claims 12 to 13, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: • A z-stack is formed from multiple images recorded in one period. • The z-stack generates a two-dimensional image with improved depth clarity and / or a three-dimensional model of the object.

15. The method as described in claims 12 to 14, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Two-dimensional or three-dimensional video is generated from multiple sequentially generated two-dimensional images or three-dimensional models.

Images