Power carbon flow tracing method, system, device and medium based on thevenin equivalence

Abstract

The application discloses a power carbon flow tracing method, system, device and medium based on Thevenin equivalence, and is applied to the field of power system analysis. The method first constructs a node admittance matrix according to power grid branch operation data and Kirchhoff's current law, obtains voltage polar coordinates of each node through power flow calculation, and solves corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix in combination with load power. Then, in combination with Thevenin equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's current law and voltage law, the current level mapping relationship is built relying on each equivalent admittance matrix, and the source-load complex power and source-grid loss power mapping matrix are derived. Finally, the initial carbon emission rate is determined in combination with the generator carbon emission parameter and the node-generator association matrix, and the carbon emission flow rate of the load side, the node carbon intensity and the branch carbon flow loss are obtained in combination with the mapping matrix. The application establishes a power grid admittance model and an electrical mapping matrix, realizes carbon flow physical tracing relying on circuit law, and improves the calculation accuracy and the fairness of responsibility division.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power system analysis, and in particular to a method, system, device and medium for tracing the source of carbon flows in power based on Thevenin equivalents. Background Technology

[0002] Thevenin's Theorem, a core linear equivalence theory in circuit analysis, can equate any two-terminal network containing sources to a series structure of an ideal voltage source and an equivalent impedance, and is widely used in power system analysis. Currently, the industry commonly uses this theorem in conjunction with nodal admittance matrices to analyze the response characteristics of complex power grids. Through power flow calculations, the voltage phasors and power distribution of the power grid system at a specific cross-section are obtained. Then, using the equivalence concept of Thevenin's Theorem, the nonlinear power grid operating state is transformed into a linear and analytical source-load response model, thereby quantifying the physical contribution of generator terminal electromotive force changes to the load at a specific node or the flow in a branch.

[0003] Currently, carbon flow tracing and carbon responsibility accounting in power systems primarily rely on the Proportional Sharing Principle (PSP) for power flow tracking. However, in practical applications, PSP only satisfies Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and not the core physical rules of Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL). This method simplifies the vector-like power flow into a scalar hybrid calculation model, resulting in carbon flow tracing results that are merely purely mathematical proportional calculations, failing to reflect the physical causal relationships of power transmission. In complex power grid scenarios with multiple grid sources and interwoven ring networks, this method completely deviates from the physical essence of power transmission in carbon responsibility accounting.

[0004] Furthermore, current mainstream carbon flow technologies treat grid branch losses as virtual loads, roughly allocating carbon responsibility for losses with fixed values ​​or power flux ratios, thus severing the essential connection between the physical causes of grid losses and carbon emission responsibility. Under this logic, the high losses from long-distance transmission of high-carbon units at distant locations are homogenized with the meager losses from short-distance transmission of low-carbon units at nearby locations. This fails to accurately reflect the differences in resource losses and carbon emissions between different transmission methods, distorting the fairness of electricity carbon accounting, limiting the guiding role of carbon signals on end-user behavior, and weakening the depth of application of carbon flow theory in refined carbon verification and power dispatch optimization.

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned technologies, finding a power carbon flow tracing method that takes into account the physical constraints of the circuit and can accurately trace the carbon flow of the power grid and the responsibility for carbon emissions from losses is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, system, device, and medium for tracing carbon flow in the power grid based on Thevenin equivalents. This solves the technical problems of existing carbon flow calculations relying on purely mathematical proportional allocation, which deviates from the physical constraints of the power grid circuit, resulting in distorted carbon flow tracing, unfair division of responsibility for grid loss carbon emissions, and insufficient accuracy in calculating nodal carbon intensity.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a method for tracing the source of electricity carbon flow based on Thevenin equivalents, comprising: Based on the operating data of each branch of the power grid, a standard node admittance matrix is ​​constructed in conjunction with Kirchhoff's current law, and the voltage polar coordinates of each node in the power grid are obtained through the power flow algorithm. Based on the voltage polar coordinates and load power of each node, the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix are determined, and the branch diagonal admittance matrix and branch-node correlation matrix are constructed by combining the power grid topology to obtain the branch equivalent admittance matrix. Based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and current law, combined with the branch equivalent admittance matrix, node admittance matrix and equivalent admittance matrix, a current hierarchy mapping relationship is constructed, and a source-load complex power mapping matrix and a source-network loss power mapping matrix are constructed based on the current hierarchy mapping relationship. Obtain the carbon emission intensity vector of generators in the power grid, construct the node-generator correlation matrix by combining the generator node distribution, and determine the initial carbon emission rate vector of generators by combining the total load power of generators. Based on the initial carbon emission rate vector and the source-load complex power mapping matrix, the carbon emission flow rate borne by the load side and the carbon intensity corresponding to the node are determined. The corresponding carbon flow loss is determined based on the source-network loss power mapping matrix and the initial carbon emission rate vector.

[0008] Preferably, the expressions for determining the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix based on the voltage polar coordinates and load power of each node are as follows: ; ; in, For load current phasors; For load power; Voltage polar coordinates; This is a function for taking the conjugate of complex numbers; For nodes The equivalent admittance matrix; For nodes The load current phasor; For nodes Voltage polar coordinates.

[0009] Preferably, the branch diagonal admittance matrix and the branch-node correlation matrix constructed by combining the power grid topology are used to obtain the branch equivalent admittance matrix, including: Construct the branch diagonal admittance matrix based on the resistance and reactance parameters corresponding to the power grid topology; A branch-node correlation matrix is ​​constructed based on the current status of each node in the power grid topology; Construct the corresponding equivalent admittance matrix of the branch based on the branch diagonal admittance matrix and the branch-node correlation matrix; The expression for the branch diagonal admittance matrix is ​​as follows: ; ; The expression for the branch-node correlation matrix is: ; The expression for the branch equivalent admittance matrix is: ; in, The branch diagonal admittance matrix; This is the series admittance of the first branch; For the series admittance of the second branch; For the first Series admittance of the branch; For the first Series admittance of the branch; The total number of branch roads; For the first Resistance parameters of each branch; For the first Reactance parameters of the branch circuit; For imaginary units; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; For nodes The relevant branch-node association matrix One element; The equivalent admittance matrix of the branch; This is the branch-node correlation matrix.

[0010] Preferably, a current hierarchy mapping relationship is constructed based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law, and Kirchhoff's current law, combined with the branch equivalent admittance matrix, node admittance matrix, and equivalent admittance matrix, including: Based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, a source-charge current mapping matrix is ​​constructed by combining the equivalent admittance matrix and the nodal admittance matrix. Based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, a source-branch current mapping matrix is ​​constructed by combining the branch equivalent admittance matrix, the node admittance matrix and the equivalent admittance matrix; among them, the source-load current mapping matrix and the source-branch current mapping matrix constitute the current hierarchy mapping relationship. The expression for the source-charge current mapping matrix is: ; The expression for the source-branch current mapping matrix is: ; in, This is the source-charge current mapping matrix; This is the equivalent admittance matrix; Here is the nodal admittance matrix; This is the source-branch current mapping matrix; Let be the equivalent admittance matrix of the branch.

[0011] Preferably, the source-load complex power mapping matrix and the source-network loss power mapping matrix are constructed based on the current hierarchy mapping relationship, including: Determine the corresponding source-load complex power mapping matrix based on the source-load current mapping matrix; Determine the corresponding source-network loss power mapping matrix based on the source-branch current mapping matrix; The expression for the source-load complex power mapping matrix is: ; The expression for the source-network loss power mapping matrix is: ; in, The source-load complex power mapping matrix; This is the source-charge current mapping matrix; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; This is a function for taking the conjugate of complex numbers; For the voltage phasor of the generator; This is the source-to-network loss power mapping matrix; This is the source-branch current mapping matrix; This is the branch-node correlation matrix.

[0012] Preferably, the expression for the initial carbon emission rate vector is: ; The expression for carbon emission flow rate is: ; The expression for carbon strength is: ; in, This is the initial carbon emission rate vector; The node-generator correlation matrix; This represents the carbon emission intensity vector; This represents the total load power of the generator; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; Carbon emission flow rate; The source-load complex power mapping matrix; This is a function for taking the real part of a complex number; Carbon strength; This represents the complex power of the node load.

[0013] Preferably, the expression for carbon flow loss is: ; in, For carbon flow loss; This is the source-to-network loss power mapping matrix; This is the initial carbon emission rate vector.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes: Obtain and compare the generator output and load power corresponding to each node; Following the principle of prioritizing local consumption, when the generator output exceeds the load power, the corresponding node is designated as the generator node, and the equivalent load power of the generator node is set to zero. The difference between the generator output and the load power is used as the equivalent generator power and the power change. When the generator output is less than the load power, the corresponding node is set as the load node, and the equivalent generator power of the load node is set to zero. The difference between the load power and the generator output is used as the equivalent load power and the power change. The corrected node-generator correlation matrix is ​​reconstructed using the corrected power data.

[0015] Preferably, it includes: The corresponding carbon emission compensation amount is determined based on the change in power. The carbon emission compensation is superimposed on the load carbon flow rate corresponding to the power grid to obtain the total node carbon emission flow rate; where the load carbon flow rate is obtained from the modified node-generator correlation matrix. The node's electrical carbon intensity is determined based on the node's total carbon emission flow rate and node load power. The expression for the total carbon emission flow rate at each node is: ; The expression for nodal electrocarbon intensity is: ; in, The total carbon emission flow rate of the node; The load carbon flow rate; This is the amount of carbon emission compensation. The corrected node-generator correlation matrix; This represents the change in power. For nodal electrocarbon strength; This represents the complex power of the node load.

[0016] On the other hand, this application also provides an electricity carbon flow tracing system based on Thevenin equivalent, comprising: The voltage polar coordinate determination module is used to construct a standard node admittance matrix based on the operating data of each branch of the power grid and Kirchhoff's current law, and to obtain the voltage polar coordinates corresponding to each node in the power grid through the power system flow algorithm. The branch equivalent admittance matrix determination module is used to determine the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix based on the voltage polar coordinates and load power of each node, and to obtain the branch equivalent admittance matrix by combining the branch diagonal admittance matrix and the branch-node correlation matrix constructed by the power grid topology. The power mapping construction module is used to construct current hierarchy mapping relationships based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, combined with branch equivalent admittance matrix, node admittance matrix and equivalent admittance matrix, and to construct source-load complex power mapping matrix and source-network loss power mapping matrix based on the current hierarchy mapping relationship. The initial carbon emission rate vector determination module is used to obtain the carbon emission intensity vector of generators in the power grid, construct a node-generator correlation matrix by combining the generator node distribution, and determine the initial carbon emission rate vector of the generator by combining the total load power of the generator. The load-side load determination module is used to determine the carbon emission flow rate and the carbon intensity corresponding to the node based on the initial carbon emission rate vector and the source-load complex power mapping matrix. The carbon flow loss determination module is used to determine the corresponding carbon flow loss based on the source-network loss power mapping matrix and the initial carbon emission rate vector.

[0017] On the other hand, this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory for storing computer programs; A processor is used to implement the steps of the above-described method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on the Thevenin equivalent when executing a computer program.

[0018] On the other hand, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin equivalents.

[0019] The Thevenin equivalent-based method for tracing carbon flow in electricity provided in this application first constructs a node admittance matrix based on grid branch operating data and Kirchhoff's current law. It then obtains the voltage polar coordinates of each node through power flow calculations, and solves for the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix by combining load power, thus completing the equivalent admittance modeling of loads and branches. This transforms the nonlinear grid into a standard circuit model that is easy to analyze linearly. Subsequently, combining the Thevenin equivalent principle, Kirchhoff's current law, and voltage law, it establishes a current hierarchy mapping relationship based on various equivalent admittance matrices, and derives the source-load complex power and source-grid loss power mapping matrices, establishing a physical quantitative correspondence between generators, loads, and grid losses. Finally, it determines the initial carbon emission rate by combining generator carbon emission parameters and the node-generator correlation matrix, and sequentially obtains the load-side carbon emission rate, node carbon intensity, and branch carbon flow loss using the aforementioned mapping matrices. Existing methods for tracing carbon flow in electricity generally use purely mathematical proportional allocation, without relying on grid topology impedance parameters and Kirchhoff circuit constraints, and without establishing a physical mapping relationship between electrical quantities, relying solely on empirical allocation of carbon emissions based on power proportions. This approach ignores the fundamental impact of nonlinear load characteristics and branch impedance on power transmission and network loss distribution, resulting in a lack of circuit mechanism support for carbon flow tracing and distorted tracing logic. This easily leads to imbalances in the allocation of carbon emission responsibility for branch network losses and inaccurate calculation of node carbon intensity. To address these shortcomings, this application constructs equivalent admittance matrices for nodes and branches using real branch operating data to complete the linearization of the nonlinear power grid's physical model, closely reflecting actual power grid operating conditions. Furthermore, it constructs a physical mapping matrix from current to power levels based on Kirchhoff's laws and Thevenin's equivalence principle, quantifying the coupling relationship between generator output, load power consumption, and branch losses according to power transmission, replacing the traditional proportional allocation logic which lacks physical basis. This application constrains the carbon flow decomposition process from the construction of the underlying circuit model, and achieves accurate carbon flow analysis through admittance modeling and hierarchical physical mapping. It completely solves the drawbacks of traditional technologies that are detached from the physical constraints of the power grid, have distorted source tracing results, and have unfair division of responsibility for grid loss carbon. It significantly improves the accuracy and fairness of node carbon intensity and branch carbon loss accounting, and realizes quantifiable and accurate physical carbon flow source tracing across the entire link of generation, load and transmission loss. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin equivalents, provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 2A schematic diagram showing the power breakdown of the nodes at both ends of a branch provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A complete flowchart of a method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin equivalents, provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 4 A block diagram of a power carbon flow tracing system based on Thevenin equivalent is provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 5 A structural diagram of an electronic device provided in another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0023] The core of this application is to provide a method, system, device, and medium for tracing the source of carbon flow in electricity based on Thevenin equivalents.

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for tracing the source of electricity carbon flow based on Thevenin equivalents, as provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the process includes the following: S10: Based on the operating data of each branch of the power grid, a standard node admittance matrix is ​​constructed in conjunction with Kirchhoff's current law, and the voltage polar coordinates of each node in the power grid are obtained through the power system flow algorithm.

[0026] In a specific embodiment, all branches of the power grid are traversed, and the equivalent admittance of the branch and the admittance to ground are calculated based on the branch's start and end node numbers and operating data. This is then constructed according to Kirchhoff's current law. The standard node admittance matrix is ​​obtained. Then, the corresponding nonlinear power balance equations are solved using the Newton-Raphson method or other power system power flow algorithms to obtain the voltage polar coordinates of each node in the entire network, specifically including the magnitude and phase angle.

[0027] In other words, step S10 relies on the actual branch operating parameters of the power grid, combines Kirchhoff's current law to establish the node admittance matrix, and then uses power flow calculations to obtain the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each node. This process abandons idealized voltage assumptions and uses real power flow results to obtain the node electrical quantities, transforming the actual power grid containing nonlinear loads into a circuit model with clear electrical boundaries. This provides basic data that fits the actual operating conditions for subsequent load current calculations and power grid equivalent admittance calculations, avoiding deviations in subsequent power mapping caused by voltage values ​​deviating from actual operation.

[0028] S11: Determine the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix based on the voltage polar coordinates and load power of each node, and combine the branch diagonal admittance matrix and branch-node correlation matrix constructed by the power grid topology to obtain the branch equivalent admittance matrix.

[0029] In a specific embodiment, based on the voltage polar coordinates (mainly per-unit values) and load power of the nodes obtained from power flow calculations, the load current phasors and equivalent admittance matrices of each node can be obtained by combining the corresponding formulas. Then, the branch diagonal admittance matrix is ​​constructed by combining the resistance and reactance parameters corresponding to the power grid topology; next, the branch-node correlation matrix is ​​constructed based on the current conditions of each node in the power grid topology; finally, the corresponding branch equivalent admittance matrix is ​​constructed based on the branch diagonal admittance matrix and the branch-node correlation matrix.

[0030] In other words, step S11 uses the polar coordinates of node voltages and load power to calculate the load current, then solves for the load equivalent admittance, and finally constructs the branch diagonal admittance matrix and topological correlation matrix based on the grid topology, thus forming the branch equivalent admittance matrix. By equating nonlinear loads with constant admittance elements, the dynamic nonlinear grid is transformed into a linear circuit model, eliminating calculation errors caused by load fluctuations. This lays a rigorous circuit foundation for subsequently establishing physical current mapping relationships, ensuring that power decomposition always conforms to the electrical transmission laws of the power grid.

[0031] S12: Based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and current law, combined with the branch equivalent admittance matrix, node admittance matrix and equivalent admittance matrix, a current hierarchy mapping relationship is constructed, and a source-load complex power mapping matrix and a source-network loss power mapping matrix are constructed based on the current hierarchy mapping relationship.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law, and Kirchhoff's current law, a source-load current mapping matrix is ​​first constructed by combining the equivalent admittance matrix and the nodal admittance matrix, and then a source-branch current mapping matrix is ​​constructed. It is easy to understand that the source-load current mapping matrix and the source-branch current mapping matrix constitute a current hierarchy mapping relationship. Finally, the corresponding source-load complex power mapping matrix is ​​determined based on the source-load current mapping matrix; and the corresponding source-network loss power mapping matrix is ​​determined based on the source-branch current mapping matrix.

[0033] In other words, step S12 relies on the Thevenin equivalent circuit model, combined with Kirchhoff's two major circuit laws, and establishes the current transfer relationship between the power source and the load based on the admittance matrices at each level. Then, the power mapping matrix is ​​further derived from the current mapping. The entire derivation process strictly follows the circuit physics laws of power transmission, no longer relying on artificially set proportional coefficients to allocate power, and establishes a quantitative correlation between power generation output, power load, and line losses. This lays a rigorous electrical mechanism foundation for subsequent carbon emission decomposition, fundamentally avoiding distortion of carbon flow allocation results.

[0034] S13: Obtain the carbon emission intensity vector of generators in the power grid, construct the node-generator correlation matrix in combination with the generator node distribution, and determine the initial carbon emission rate vector of generators in combination with the total load power of generators.

[0035] S14: Based on the initial carbon emission rate vector and the source-load complex power mapping matrix, determine the carbon emission flow rate borne by the load side and the carbon intensity corresponding to the node.

[0036] S15: Determine the corresponding carbon flow loss based on the source-network loss power mapping matrix and the initial carbon emission rate vector.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, steps S13-S15 first input the carbon emission intensity data of each generator to form a vector (carbon emission intensity vector), then build an association matrix between nodes and generator sets according to the node location of the generator connected to the grid (node-generator association matrix), and calculate the initial carbon emission rate vector on the generation side by combining the actual power output of the unit, thus binding power generation and carbon emissions together. Subsequently, using the source-load complex power mapping matrix, according to the actual power transmission relationship within the grid, the carbon emissions on the generation side are distributed layer by layer to each power consumption node, and the carbon emission flow rate borne by each load is calculated, further calculating the electrical carbon intensity of each node. At the same time, using the source-grid loss power mapping matrix, the carbon emission component corresponding to the line power loss is isolated separately to achieve independent accounting of grid loss carbon flow. The entire carbon flow allocation is based entirely on the pre-established electrical-physical mapping relationship, without introducing any empirical proportional coefficients. The carbon emission flow direction strictly matches the actual power transmission path, which not only ensures that the nodal carbon intensity calculation results are consistent with the grid operation conditions, but also clearly distinguishes the carbon emission responsibilities corresponding to the power load and transmission losses. It truly realizes full-link physical carbon flow traceability from the generation end to the load end and then to the line loss, solving the problems of vague responsibility division and lack of physical support for the calculation results in the traditional allocation method.

[0038] The Thevenin equivalent-based method for tracing carbon flow in electricity provided in this application first constructs a node admittance matrix based on grid branch operating data and Kirchhoff's current law. It then obtains the voltage polar coordinates of each node through power flow calculations, and solves for the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix by combining load power, thus completing the equivalent admittance modeling of loads and branches. This transforms the nonlinear grid into a standard circuit model that is easy to analyze linearly. Subsequently, combining the Thevenin equivalent principle, Kirchhoff's current law, and voltage law, it establishes a current hierarchy mapping relationship based on various equivalent admittance matrices, and derives the source-load complex power and source-grid loss power mapping matrices, establishing a physical quantitative correspondence between generators, loads, and grid losses. Finally, it determines the initial carbon emission rate by combining generator carbon emission parameters and the node-generator correlation matrix, and sequentially obtains the load-side carbon emission rate, node carbon intensity, and branch carbon flow loss using the aforementioned mapping matrices. Existing methods for tracing carbon flow in electricity generally use purely mathematical proportional allocation, without relying on grid topology impedance parameters and Kirchhoff circuit constraints, and without establishing a physical mapping relationship between electrical quantities, relying solely on empirical allocation of carbon emissions based on power proportions. This approach ignores the fundamental impact of nonlinear load characteristics and branch impedance on power transmission and network loss distribution, resulting in a lack of circuit mechanism support for carbon flow tracing and distorted tracing logic. This easily leads to imbalances in the allocation of carbon emission responsibility for branch network losses and inaccurate calculation of node carbon intensity. To address these shortcomings, this application constructs equivalent admittance matrices for nodes and branches using real branch operating data to complete the linearization of the nonlinear power grid's physical model, closely reflecting actual power grid operating conditions. Furthermore, it constructs a physical mapping matrix from current to power levels based on Kirchhoff's laws and Thevenin's equivalence principle, quantifying the coupling relationship between generator output, load power consumption, and branch losses according to power transmission, replacing the traditional proportional allocation logic which lacks physical basis. This application constrains the carbon flow decomposition process from the construction of the underlying circuit model, and achieves accurate carbon flow analysis through admittance modeling and hierarchical physical mapping. It completely solves the drawbacks of traditional technologies that are detached from the physical constraints of the power grid, have distorted source tracing results, and have unfair division of responsibility for grid loss carbon. It significantly improves the accuracy and fairness of node carbon intensity and branch carbon loss accounting, and realizes quantifiable and accurate physical carbon flow source tracing across the entire link of generation, load and transmission loss.

[0039] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the expressions for determining the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix according to the voltage polar coordinates and load power of each node are as follows: ; ; in, For load current phasors; For load power; Voltage polar coordinates; This is a function for taking the conjugate of complex numbers; Equivalent admittance matrix The i-th element represents the equivalent load admittance of node i; For nodes The load current phasor; For nodes Voltage polar coordinates.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the voltage polar coordinates of the nodes are obtained based on power flow calculations. (per unit value) and load power The load current phasor of each node is calculated using the above formula. Subsequently, the load is modeled as an equivalent admittance matrix. Among them, the equivalent admittance matrix It is A diagonal matrix of dimensions. And it's not difficult to understand that... Represents a node The equivalent admittance matrix.

[0041] Based on the above embodiments, the branch diagonal admittance matrix and branch-node correlation matrix constructed by combining the power grid topology are used to obtain the specific implementation of the branch equivalent admittance matrix as follows: Construct the branch diagonal admittance matrix based on the resistance and reactance parameters corresponding to the power grid topology; A branch-node correlation matrix is ​​constructed based on the current status of each node in the power grid topology; Construct the corresponding equivalent admittance matrix of the branch based on the branch diagonal admittance matrix and the branch-node correlation matrix; The expression for the branch diagonal admittance matrix is ​​as follows: ; ; The expression for the branch-node correlation matrix is: ; The expression for the branch equivalent admittance matrix is: ; in, The branch diagonal admittance matrix; This is the series admittance of the first branch; For the series admittance of the second branch; For the first Series admittance of the branch; For the first Series admittance of the branch; The total number of branch roads; For the first Resistance parameters of each branch; For the first Reactance parameters of the branch circuit; For imaginary units; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; For nodes The relevant branch-node association matrix One element; The equivalent admittance matrix of the branch; This is the branch-node correlation matrix.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, in order to achieve physical tracing of branch carbon flow losses, an equivalent admittance matrix of the branch is constructed based on network topology data (resistance parameters and reactance parameters), branch-to-ground susceptance, transformer turns ratio, and other data. This is used to describe the analytical dependence of the current response of each branch on the voltage phasors of the entire network nodes. First, the diagonal admittance matrix of each branch needs to be constructed. Assuming the entire network has Each branch has a diagonal element that is the equivalent admittance of each branch itself. ;in, For the first The series admittance of each branch is determined. Then, the branch-node correlation matrix is ​​constructed. Therefore, its branch equivalent admittance matrix .

[0043] Based on the above embodiments, as a preferred embodiment, the specific implementation method for constructing the current hierarchy mapping relationship based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, combined with the branch equivalent admittance matrix, node admittance matrix, and equivalent admittance matrix is ​​as follows: Based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, a source-charge current mapping matrix is ​​constructed by combining the equivalent admittance matrix and the nodal admittance matrix. Based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, a source-branch current mapping matrix is ​​constructed by combining the branch equivalent admittance matrix, the node admittance matrix and the equivalent admittance matrix; among them, the source-load current mapping matrix and the source-branch current mapping matrix constitute the current hierarchy mapping relationship. The expression for the source-charge current mapping matrix is: ; The expression for the source-branch current mapping matrix is: ; in, This is the source-charge current mapping matrix; This is the equivalent admittance matrix; Here is the nodal admittance matrix; This is the source-branch current mapping matrix; Let be the equivalent admittance matrix of the branch.

[0044] Based on this, a source-load complex power mapping matrix and a source-network loss power mapping matrix are constructed according to the current hierarchy mapping relationship, including: Determine the corresponding source-load complex power mapping matrix based on the source-load current mapping matrix; Determine the corresponding source-network loss power mapping matrix based on the source-branch current mapping matrix; The expression for the source-load complex power mapping matrix is: ; The expression for the source-network loss power mapping matrix is: ; in, The source-load complex power mapping matrix; This is the source-charge current mapping matrix; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; This is a function for taking the conjugate of complex numbers; For the voltage phasor of the generator; This is the source-to-network loss power mapping matrix; This is the source-branch current mapping matrix; This is the branch-node correlation matrix.

[0045] In specific embodiments, the embodiments provided in this application belong to the source-network-load mapping matrix construction stage. That is, the embodiments in this application mainly utilize the Thevenin equivalence principle to derive the contribution weights of generator-injected current to all network nodes and branches. Specifically, this includes the construction of four matrices: 1. Source-charge current mapping matrix Construction: By combining Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws, we can obtain the relationship between the nodal injection current, nodal voltage, and nodal admittance matrix of the entire system: ; in, Inject current into the node, Inject current into the generator; Let be the nodal admittance matrix. Since... It can be represented as the corresponding equivalent admittance matrix. and node voltage phasors The product of, i.e. A mapping relationship between source and load currents can be constructed, as shown in the following formula. ; ; Let the source-charge current mapping matrix be denoted as ,but ; Each element of the matrix Physical meaning: node generator to node The current contribution weight of the load.

[0046] 2. Source-branch current mapping matrix Construction: Based on the branch equivalent admittance matrix Based on the derivation of the above formula, the mapping coefficient of the generator injection current on each branch can be calculated by the following formula. ; Let the source-branch current mapping matrix be denoted as ,but ; This matrix describes the current response caused by each generator on each transmission branch in the entire network, providing a physical basis for tracing the source of network losses.

[0047] 3. Source-charge complex power mapping matrix Construction: The basic idea of ​​complex power decomposition of node load power is to decompose the node load power into a multi-node load power ... Load power The parsing is decomposed into the entire network. (equivalent to) The sum of the contributions of each generator node to it.

[0048] ; in, Represents a node The load power originates from the generator node The share. Then based on the derived source-charge current mapping matrix. It can be deduced The parsing expression is: ; in, These are elements in the source-load current mapping matrix; Let be the voltage phasor of the node where generator j is located; Let be the voltage phasor of the node where generator i is located; It is a generator The power output. This formula physically describes the power supply terminal. By using the full network admittance array to the load end The power contribution generated. Therefore, the source-load complex power mapping matrix can be denoted as... ,but .

[0049] 4. Source-to-network loss power mapping matrix Construction: Similarly, using the branch equivalent admittance matrix Source-branch current mapping matrix ,like Figure 2 The network loss of branch q (from node f (from) to node t (to)) can be decomposed into the contribution components of each generator.

[0050] First, calculate the power contribution of generator s at the nodes at both ends of branch q: ; ; in, and These represent the polar coordinate values ​​of the voltage at node f and node t of branch q, respectively; This represents the polar coordinate value of the voltage at the node where generator s is located; This is the power output of generator 's'. Note that due to matrix operation rules... , It is q The diagonal matrix of q, It is s The diagonal matrix of s. Furthermore, the network loss power of branch q. It can be resolved and distributed to each generator node: ; in, Let be the voltage at the node where generator s is located. This derivation process ensures that each branch loss can be accurately traced back to its physical cause (i.e., the current injection of a specific generator), solving the problem of unfair network loss allocation in traditional methods. Similarly, the source-network loss power mapping matrix is ​​denoted as... ,but .

[0051] In addition to the above allocation coefficients, achieving accurate mapping of carbon emission indicators from the production end to the consumption end and transmission losses also includes the following calculations: 1. Calculation of generator carbon emission rate: Given the generator output and the carbon coefficient of each generator set, the initial carbon emission rate vector at each source end can be calculated based on the net injected power of the generator. .

[0052] 2. Carbon Liability Accounting: Using the source-load allocation coefficient matrix, calculate the carbon emission flow rate borne by the load side: .

[0053] Since the unit's carbon coefficient is a real number, it is used in the calculation... When carbon flow rate is used, it can be taken out as a constant coefficient from Re() and finally multiplied by the real part of the matrix element, i.e., the product of the carbon coefficient and the active power output of the unit, without including reactive power-related components. Averaging the carbon flow rate yields the final carbon intensity at the node. .

[0054] 3. Branch loss carbon flow calculation: Through the source-network loss power mapping matrix Calculate the carbon flow loss in each branch due to overcoming impedance. This index is obtained by multiplying the potential difference at both ends of the branch by the corresponding source contribution current, thus realizing physical source tracing of losses following the current.

[0055] in, This is the initial carbon emission rate vector; The node-generator correlation matrix; This represents the carbon emission intensity vector; This represents the total load power of the generator; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; Carbon emission flow rate; The source-load complex power mapping matrix; This is a function for taking the real part of a complex number; Carbon strength; The complex power of the node load; For carbon flow loss; This is the source-network loss power mapping matrix.

[0056] It should be noted that the embodiments provided in this application are only one possible implementation method, but are not limited to this only implementation method. Users can set their own implementation methods according to their needs.

[0057] Therefore, this application constructs an equivalent admittance matrix between nodes and branches using real branch operation data, completing the linearization of the nonlinear power grid's physical model, which closely matches the actual power grid operating conditions. Furthermore, it constructs a physical mapping matrix from current to power levels based on Kirchhoff's laws and Thevenin's equivalence principle, quantifying the coupling relationship between generator output, load consumption, and branch losses according to power transmission, replacing the traditional proportional allocation logic lacking physical basis. This application constrains the carbon flow decomposition process from the construction of the underlying circuit model, achieving accurate carbon flow analysis through admittance modeling and hierarchical physical mapping. It completely solves the shortcomings of traditional technologies, such as being detached from the physical constraints of the power grid, distorted source tracing results, and unfair division of carbon responsibility for grid losses. This significantly improves the accuracy and fairness of node carbon intensity and branch carbon loss accounting, achieving quantifiable and physically accurate carbon flow tracing across the entire chain, including generation, load, and transmission losses.

[0058] Of course, the above implementation process also includes a distributed generator node power correction process. That is, for nodes with local power generation and consumption, the node power is corrected using a priority local consumption principle to ensure the accuracy of the calculation. Considering the randomness of distributed generation sources (DERs) output in distribution networks and their tendency to be consumed locally, this application provides a local consumption correction algorithm based on Thevenin response weights to accurately define the contribution of distributed green electricity to node carbon intensity. Figure 3 As shown, the correction can be divided into two parts: the first part is the node power correction S16, and the second part is the carbon flow compensation correction S17.

[0059] For node power correction, each node collects and compares its distributed generator output and load power. Based on the principle of local priority consumption, if the distributed generator output is sufficient to cover the load power (i.e., generator output is greater than load power), the node is considered a generator node, and the equivalent generator power and power change are recorded as the difference between generator output and load power, with the node's equivalent load power set to 0. If the distributed generator output is insufficient to cover the load power (i.e., generator output is less than load power), the node is considered a load node, and the equivalent load power and power change are recorded as the difference between load power and generator output, with the equivalent generator power set to 0. When generator output equals load power, the corresponding node's equivalent generator power and equivalent load power are both set to zero, and the power change is also set to zero. All nodes are processed according to this principle, and the corrected node-generator correlation matrix is ​​reconstructed using the corrected power data. Subsequently, following the content provided in the above embodiments, the equivalent admittance matrix of the corrected load is calculated, a mapping matrix is ​​constructed, and the load / branch carbon flow rate is calculated to obtain the load carbon flow rate. And after considering local priority consumption, the actual carbon flux vector allocated to network losses .

[0060] For carbon flow compensation correction, based on node power correction, the load power of some nodes and the output of distributed generating units are internally equivalently offset based on the principle of local priority absorption. Therefore, the load carbon flow rate calculated using the corrected load power is... In this calculation, each element represents only the carbon emissions generated by a node load drawing electricity from external units other than its own distributed generating units (when generator output is less than load power), or is 0 (when generator output is greater than load power). The above calculations do not account for the carbon emissions generated by each node load directly absorbing the output of its own distributed generating units. To obtain the actual total carbon emissions corresponding to each node load, the carbon emissions absorbed by local generating units within each node need to be added as a compensation factor to the load carbon flow rate. In order to complete the carbon flow compensation correction.

[0061] Based on the power change recorded during power correction This allows us to obtain the power contribution of the distributed units at that node to the node's load; from this, we can further perform carbon flow compensation correction. ; Therefore, the average load carbon intensity can be obtained as: ; in, The total carbon emission flow rate of the node; The load carbon flow rate; This is the amount of carbon emission compensation. The corrected node-generator correlation matrix; This represents the change in power. For nodal electrocarbon strength; This represents the complex power of the node load.

[0062] It should be noted that for branch network losses, since the power contributed by each distributed generator unit to the load of its own node does not flow into the power grid, the power change is... This portion of power will not affect the carbon emission accounting of the branch circuit.

[0063] In summary, the electricity carbon flow tracing method based on Thevenin equivalent provided in this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. This application achieves a rigorous unification of carbon flow tracing results with physical circuit laws, significantly enhancing the credibility of the calculation results. Since carbon emission flows in power systems are essentially physical flows dependent on current phasors, using statistical assumptions such as proportional sharing principles for allocation inevitably leads to deviations between carbon path analysis results and actual physical transmission paths because it ignores the physical constraints of branch impedance on current distribution. This application constructs an augmented admittance matrix containing system topology information and utilizes the Thevenin equivalence principle to establish carbon flow calculations based on fundamental circuit laws such as KCL / KVL, ensuring that the carbon intensity of each node and the carbon flow direction of each branch have analytical causal support. Therefore, compared to traditional scalar proportional allocation methods, this application can more scientifically characterize the electrical coupling strength between sources and loads, eliminate logical distortion, and provide a physically intuitive computational framework for power carbon footprint calculations.

[0064] 2. This application enables precise attribution of carbon responsibility for branch losses, effectively addressing the "responsibility shifting" problem in carbon accounting. Existing methods typically treat network losses as virtual loads and distribute them roughly, leading to the unreasonable transfer of carbon emissions from high-loss power supply paths at distant locations to low-loss users at nearby locations, distorting the fairness of carbon accounting. This application decomposes the complex current of a branch into linear contribution components of each generator based on the branch equivalent admittance matrix, thereby directly linking the physical losses caused by impedance to the specific power source that causes the current flow. Therefore, this application can accurately define the carbon attribution of network losses through the principle of "whoever causes it, bears the responsibility," and guide users to perceive the real carbon cost caused by differences in transmission path impedance, thereby incentivizing the generation and consumption sides to collaboratively optimize power flow and reduce the overall carbon emission reduction cost of the system.

[0065] 3. This application can accurately characterize the local absorption effect of distributed generation, providing precise guidance signals for low-carbon flexible resources in the power system. Since distributed generation is typically connected to the end of the distribution network and has significant geographical absorption characteristics, the green power attributes generated by it are diluted by the strong power flow of the main grid if the traditional indiscriminate mixed allocation method is used, leading to an underestimation of the carbon reduction value of distributed resources. This application uses an augmented admittance matrix to analyze the direct voltage response weights of distributed nodes to nearby loads, locking in the directional flow path of clean energy from a physical level, avoiding attribute ambiguity in carbon responsibility accounting. Therefore, compared with existing methods that ignore topological distance, this application not only ensures the accurate attribution of the green value of distributed generation, but also incentivizes flexible resources such as energy storage and controllable loads to actively cooperate with distributed absorption by deriving the analytical sensitivity of carbon flow distribution to output, thereby optimizing the energy consumption structure of the distribution network and improving the overall operational flexibility of the system.

[0066] In the above embodiments, the method for tracing the source of carbon flow in electricity based on Thevenin's equivalent has been described in detail. This application also provides embodiments corresponding to the apparatus for tracing the source of carbon flow in electricity based on Thevenin's equivalent. It should be noted that this application describes the embodiments of the apparatus from two perspectives: one is based on functional modules, and the other is based on hardware.

[0067] Figure 4 A block diagram of a power carbon flow tracing system based on Thevenin equivalent is provided for embodiments of this application, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes: The voltage polar coordinate determination module 11 is used to construct a standard node admittance matrix based on the operating data of each branch of the power grid and Kirchhoff's current law, and to obtain the voltage polar coordinates corresponding to each node in the power grid through the power system flow algorithm. The branch equivalent admittance matrix determination module 12 is used to determine the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix based on the voltage polar coordinates and load power of each node, and to obtain the branch equivalent admittance matrix by combining the branch diagonal admittance matrix and the branch-node correlation matrix constructed by the power grid topology. The power mapping construction module 13 is used to construct the current hierarchy mapping relationship based on Thevenin's equivalent principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, combined with the branch equivalent admittance matrix, node admittance matrix and equivalent admittance matrix, and to construct the source-load complex power mapping matrix and the source-network loss power mapping matrix based on the current hierarchy mapping relationship. The initial carbon emission rate vector determination module 14 is used to obtain the carbon emission intensity vector of generators in the power grid, construct a node-generator correlation matrix in combination with the generator node distribution, and determine the initial carbon emission rate vector of the generator in combination with the total load power of the generator. The load-side load determination module 15 is used to determine the carbon emission flow rate and the carbon intensity corresponding to the node based on the initial carbon emission rate vector and the source-load complex power mapping matrix. The carbon flow loss determination module 16 is used to determine the corresponding carbon flow loss based on the source-network loss power mapping matrix and the initial carbon emission rate vector.

[0068] Since the embodiments of the apparatus and the embodiments of the method correspond to each other, please refer to the description of the embodiments of the method for the embodiments of the apparatus, which will not be repeated here.

[0069] Figure 5 A structural diagram of an electronic device provided in another embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device includes: a memory 20 for storing computer programs; The processor 21 is configured to implement the steps of the electricity carbon flow tracing method based on Thevenin equivalent mentioned in the above embodiments when executing a computer program.

[0070] The electronic devices provided in this embodiment may include, but are not limited to, smartphones, tablets, laptops, or desktop computers.

[0071] The processor 21 may include one or more processing cores, such as a quad-core processor or an octa-core processor. The processor 21 may be implemented using at least one of the following hardware forms: Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 21 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor, also known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), is used to process data in the wake-up state; the coprocessor is a low-power processor used to process data in the standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 21 may integrate a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the screen. In some embodiments, the processor 21 may also include an Artificial Intelligence (AI) processor, which is used to handle computational operations related to machine learning.

[0072] The memory 20 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. The memory 20 may also include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices or flash memory devices. In this embodiment, the memory 20 is used to store at least the following computer program 201, which, after being loaded and executed by the processor 21, is capable of implementing the relevant steps of the Thevenin equivalent-based electricity carbon flow tracing method disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments. In addition, the resources stored in the memory 20 may also include an operating system 202 and data 203, and the storage method may be temporary or permanent storage. The operating system 202 may include Windows, Unix, Linux, etc.

[0073] In some embodiments, the electronic device may further include a display screen 22, an input / output interface 23, a communication interface 24, a power supply 25, and a communication bus 26.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5 The structures shown do not constitute a limitation on electronic devices and may include more or fewer components than those shown.

[0075] The electronic device provided in this application includes a memory and a processor. When the processor executes the program stored in the memory, it can implement the above-mentioned method for tracing the source of carbon electricity based on Thevenin equivalent, and has the same beneficial effects.

[0076] Finally, this application also provides an embodiment corresponding to a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps described in the above method embodiments.

[0077] It is understood that if the methods in the above embodiments are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and executes all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0078] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a method, system, device, and medium for tracing the carbon flow of electricity based on Thevenin equivalents, as provided in this application. The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to in the method section. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

[0079] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

Claims

1. A method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin's equivalent method, characterized in that, include: Based on the operating data of each branch of the power grid, a standard node admittance matrix is ​​constructed in conjunction with Kirchhoff's current law, and the voltage polar coordinates corresponding to each node in the power grid are obtained through the power system flow algorithm. Based on the voltage polar coordinates and load power corresponding to each node, the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix are determined, and the branch diagonal admittance matrix and branch-node correlation matrix are constructed by combining the power grid topology to obtain the branch equivalent admittance matrix. Based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law, combined with the branch equivalent admittance matrix, the node admittance matrix and the equivalent admittance matrix, a current hierarchy mapping relationship is constructed, and a source-load complex power mapping matrix and a source-network loss power mapping matrix are constructed based on the current hierarchy mapping relationship. Obtain the carbon emission intensity vector of the generators in the power grid, construct the node-generator correlation matrix in combination with the generator node distribution, and determine the initial carbon emission rate vector of the generators in combination with the total load power of the generators; Based on the initial carbon emission rate vector and the source-load complex power mapping matrix, the carbon emission flow rate borne by the load side and the carbon intensity corresponding to the node are determined. The corresponding carbon flow loss is determined based on the source-network loss power mapping matrix and the initial carbon emission rate vector. The construction of a current hierarchy mapping relationship based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law, and Kirchhoff's current law, combined with the branch equivalent admittance matrix, the node admittance matrix, and the equivalent admittance matrix, includes: Based on the Thevenin equivalence principle, the Kirchhoff voltage law and the Kirchhoff current law, a source-charge current mapping matrix is ​​constructed by combining the equivalent admittance matrix and the nodal admittance matrix. Based on the Thevenin equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law, and Kirchhoff's current law, a source-branch current mapping matrix is ​​constructed by combining the branch equivalent admittance matrix, the node admittance matrix, and the equivalent admittance matrix; wherein, the source-load current mapping matrix and the source-branch current mapping matrix constitute a current hierarchy mapping relationship. The expression for the source-charge current mapping matrix is ​​as follows: ； The expression for the source-branch current mapping matrix is: ； in, This is the source-charge current mapping matrix; The equivalent admittance matrix is ​​given. The node admittance matrix; This is the source-branch current mapping matrix; The equivalent admittance matrix of the branch; Based on the current hierarchy mapping relationship, the source-load complex power mapping matrix and the source-network loss power mapping matrix are constructed, including: The corresponding source-load complex power mapping matrix is ​​determined based on the source-load current mapping matrix; The corresponding source-network loss power mapping matrix is ​​determined based on the source-branch current mapping matrix. The expression for the source-load complex power mapping matrix is ​​as follows: ； The expression for the source-network loss power mapping matrix is: ； in, This is the source-load complex power mapping matrix; This is the source-charge current mapping matrix; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; This is a function for taking the conjugate of complex numbers; It is a vector composed of the voltage phasors of each load node; It is a vector composed of the voltage phasors of each generator node; A vector consisting of nodal voltage phasors determined by the polar voltage coordinates of each node. This is the source-to-network loss power mapping matrix; This is the source-branch current mapping matrix; This is the branch-node correlation matrix.

2. The method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin equivalent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for determining the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix based on the voltage polar coordinates and load power of each node is as follows: ； ； in, The load current phasor; The load power; A vector consisting of nodal voltage phasors determined by the polar voltage coordinates of each node. This is a function for taking the conjugate of complex numbers; For nodes The equivalent admittance matrix; For nodes The load current phasor; To be based on nodes The node voltage phasors are determined by the corresponding voltage polar coordinates.

3. The method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin equivalent as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The branch diagonal admittance matrix, constructed by combining the power grid topology with the branch-node correlation matrix, is used to obtain the branch equivalent admittance matrix, including: The branch diagonal admittance matrix is ​​constructed based on the resistance and reactance parameters corresponding to the power grid topology. The branch-node correlation matrix is ​​constructed based on the current status of each node in the power grid topology; Construct the corresponding equivalent admittance matrix of the branch based on the branch diagonal admittance matrix and the branch-node correlation matrix; The expression for the branch diagonal admittance matrix is ​​as follows: ； ； The expression for the branch-node correlation matrix is: ； The expression for the equivalent admittance matrix of the branch is: ； in, The diagonal admittance matrix of the branch; This is the series admittance of the first branch; For the series admittance of the second branch; For the first Series admittance of the branch; For the first Series admittance of the branch; The total number of branch roads; For the first The resistance parameters of each branch; For the first The reactance parameters of the branch circuit; For imaginary units; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; For nodes The related branch-node association matrix in the first... One element; The equivalent admittance matrix of the branch; This is the branch-node correlation matrix.

4. The method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin equivalent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for the initial carbon emission rate vector is: ； The expression for the carbon emission flow rate is: ； The expression for the carbon strength is: ； in, Let the initial carbon emission rate vector be denoted as . This is the node-generator correlation matrix; Let the carbon emission intensity vector be the vector. The total output power of the generator; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; The carbon emission flow rate is mentioned above; This is the source-load complex power mapping matrix; This is a function for taking the real part of a complex number; The carbon strength; This represents the complex power of the node load.

5. The method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin equivalent as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The expression for the carbon flow loss is: ； in, The carbon flow loss; This is the source-to-network loss power mapping matrix; Let be the initial carbon emission rate vector.

6. The method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin equivalents according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Also includes: Obtain and compare the generator output and load power corresponding to each node; Following the principle of prioritizing local consumption, when the generator output is greater than the load power, the corresponding node is designated as a generator node, and the equivalent load power of the generator node is set to zero. The difference between the generator output and the load power is used as the equivalent generator power and the power change. When the generator output is less than the load power, the corresponding node is set as the load node, and the equivalent generator power of the load node is set to zero. The difference between the load power and the generator output is used as the equivalent load power and the power change. The corrected node-generator correlation matrix is ​​reconstructed using the corrected power data.

7. The method for tracing the source of carbon flows in electricity based on Thevenin equivalent as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The corresponding carbon emission compensation amount is determined based on the power change. The carbon emission compensation is added to the load carbon flow rate corresponding to the power grid to obtain the total node carbon emission flow rate; wherein the load carbon flow rate is obtained based on the modified node-generator correlation matrix; The node's electrical carbon intensity is determined based on the node's total carbon emission flow rate and node load power. The expression for the total carbon emission flow rate of the node is as follows: ； The expression for the nodal electrocarbon intensity is: ； in, The total carbon emission flow rate of the node; The load carbon flow rate; This is the amount of carbon emission compensation. The corrected node-generator correlation matrix; Let the carbon emission intensity vector be the vector. The power change; The node's electrocarbon strength; This represents the complex power of the node load.

8. A power carbon flow tracing system based on Thevenin equivalents, characterized in that, include: The voltage polar coordinate determination module is used to construct a standard node admittance matrix based on the operating data of each branch of the power grid and Kirchhoff's current law, and to obtain the voltage polar coordinates corresponding to each node in the power grid through the power system flow algorithm. The branch equivalent admittance matrix determination module is used to determine the corresponding load current phasor and equivalent admittance matrix based on the voltage polar coordinates and load power corresponding to each node, and to obtain the branch equivalent admittance matrix by combining the branch diagonal admittance matrix and the branch-node correlation matrix constructed by the power grid topology. A power mapping construction module is used to construct a current-level mapping relationship based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law, and Kirchhoff's current law, combined with the branch equivalent admittance matrix, the node admittance matrix, and the equivalent admittance matrix. It then constructs a source-load complex power mapping matrix and a source-network loss power mapping matrix based on this current-level mapping relationship. The construction of the current-level mapping relationship based on Thevenin's equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law, and Kirchhoff's current law, combined with the branch equivalent admittance matrix, the node admittance matrix, and the equivalent admittance matrix, includes: based on... The Thevenin equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law, and Kirchhoff's current law are used to construct a source-load current mapping matrix, combining the equivalent admittance matrix and the node admittance matrix. Based on the Thevenin equivalence principle, Kirchhoff's voltage law, and Kirchhoff's current law, a source-branch current mapping matrix is ​​constructed, combining the branch equivalent admittance matrix, the node admittance matrix, and the equivalent admittance matrix. The source-load current mapping matrix and the source-branch current mapping matrix constitute a current hierarchy mapping relationship. The expression for the source-load current mapping matrix is: The expression for the source-branch current mapping matrix is: ;in, This is the source-charge current mapping matrix; The equivalent admittance matrix is ​​given. The node admittance matrix; This is the source-branch current mapping matrix; The equivalent admittance matrix of the branch; constructing the source-load complex power mapping matrix and the source-network loss power mapping matrix based on the current hierarchy mapping relationship, including: determining the corresponding source-load complex power mapping matrix according to the source-load current mapping matrix; determining the corresponding source-network loss power mapping matrix according to the source-branch current mapping matrix; wherein, the expression of the source-load complex power mapping matrix is: The expression for the source-network loss power mapping matrix is: ;in, This is the source-load complex power mapping matrix; This is the source-charge current mapping matrix; To construct diagonal matrix operation functions; This is a function for taking the conjugate of complex numbers; It is a vector composed of the voltage phasors of each load node; It is a vector composed of the voltage phasors of each generator node; A vector consisting of nodal voltage phasors determined by the polar voltage coordinates of each node. This is the source-to-network loss power mapping matrix; This is the source-branch current mapping matrix; This is the branch-node correlation matrix; The initial carbon emission rate vector determination module is used to obtain the carbon emission intensity vector of the generators in the power grid, construct a node-generator correlation matrix in combination with the generator node distribution, and determine the initial carbon emission rate vector of the generator in combination with the total load power of the generator. The load-side load determination module is used to determine the carbon emission flow rate undertaken by the load side and the carbon intensity corresponding to the node based on the initial carbon emission rate vector and the source-load complex power mapping matrix; The carbon flow loss determination module is used to determine the corresponding carbon flow loss based on the source-network loss power mapping matrix and the initial carbon emission rate vector.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes memory used to store computer programs; A processor, configured to implement the steps of the Thevenin equivalent-based electricity carbon flow tracing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the Thevenin equivalent-based electricity carbon flow tracing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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