A pig house cleaning, disinfecting and killing integrated device

Abstract

The present application relates to a pig house cleaning and disinfecting integrated device, belonging to the technical field of cleaning and disinfecting equipment. Mainly including cleaning roller brush assembly, mechanical trigger assembly and ultraviolet radiation assembly. The cleaning roller brush assembly includes a hollow rotating main shaft and a spiral arranged bristle array; the mechanical trigger assembly is built-in in the rotating main shaft, including a centrifugal sliding block, a return spring and an electrode contact group; the ultraviolet radiation assembly is annularly arranged outside the cleaning roller brush assembly and is electrically connected with the electrode contact group, and the circuit is connected through the radial movement of the centrifugal sliding block during rotation, so that the ultraviolet disinfection is started synchronously when the brush roller rotates. The present application can realize the linkage control of brush roller cleaning and in-situ disinfection, and solves the problem of cross contamination of pathogens caused by disinfection lag or invalidity of the brush roller of the existing cleaning device during movement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cleaning and disinfection technology, specifically relating to an integrated device for cleaning and disinfecting pigsties. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, large-scale pig farms commonly use integrated cleaning and disinfection devices that combine high-pressure water washing with chemical spraying for daily maintenance. In practical applications, these devices involve the physical removal of dirt from the ground using brush rollers. During the cleaning process, when the brush rollers move to the next area after being contaminated with feces, pathogens (such as PEDV virus particles) remaining between the bristles may spread through mechanical contact, posing a potential risk of cross-contamination between areas.

[0003] To address this issue, some devices are equipped with fixed UV lamps to disinfect the brush rollers. However, the disinfection action is independent of the brush roller's movement, causing the UV lamps to continue operating even when the brush rollers are not running, posing a risk of radiation leakage. Additionally, an extra static disinfection area is required, impacting overall cleaning efficiency. Other devices attempt to use environmental signals such as humidity sensors to trigger disinfection mechanisms, but due to the response lag between changes in environmental parameters and brush roller movement, false triggering or missed triggering is prone to occur in high-humidity environments. This results in the disinfection action being out of sync with the cleaning process, limiting the scope and timing of disinfection. Furthermore, triggering schemes relying on electronic control systems generally suffer from time delays in signal acquisition and processing, making it difficult to achieve immediate responses to the brush roller's start and stop status, thus affecting the precise timing control of disinfection start and stop. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the present invention provides an integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties, which aims to solve the problem of cross-contamination of pathogens caused by the lag or ineffectiveness of disinfection during the movement of the brush roller in the existing cleaning device, especially the technical defect of asynchronous disinfection and brush roller movement caused by the delay of electronic sensing and system response.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties mainly includes a cleaning roller brush assembly, a mechanical trigger assembly, and an ultraviolet irradiation assembly; The cleaning roller brush assembly includes a hollow rotating main shaft and a bristle array fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the rotating main shaft. The two ends of the rotating main shaft are rotatably connected to the equipment frame through bearing seats, and one end of the rotating main shaft is connected to a drive source. The bristle array consists of a plurality of bristle bundles, and the bristle bundles are arranged in a spiral shape on the outer peripheral wall of the rotating main shaft.

[0006] The mechanical trigger assembly is built into the hollow structure of the rotating spindle. The mechanical trigger assembly includes a centrifugal slider, a return spring, and an electrode contact group. A guide groove is formed radially on the inner wall of the rotating spindle. The centrifugal slider slides in the guide groove. One end of the return spring abuts against the bottom of the guide groove, and the other end abuts against the centrifugal slider. The electrode contact group includes a stationary contact fixed to the inner wall of the rotating spindle end cover and a moving contact fixed to the outer wall of the centrifugal slider. The stationary contact and the moving contact are separated when the rotating spindle is stationary.

[0007] The ultraviolet irradiation assembly is fixed on the equipment frame and surrounds the outside of the cleaning roller brush assembly. The ultraviolet irradiation assembly is electrically connected to the electrode contact group. Under the centrifugal force generated when the main shaft rotates, the centrifugal slider overcomes the elastic force of the return spring and slides outward along the guide groove. The moving contact moves accordingly and contacts the stationary contact, thereby connecting the power supply circuit of the ultraviolet irradiation assembly.

[0008] Optionally, the rotating spindle is made of stainless steel, and its hollow internal structure has sealing end caps connected to both ends by bolts. An insulating base is fixed on the inner wall of the sealing end cap, and the stationary contact is fixed on the insulating base. The insulating base is made of zirconia ceramic, and a fluororubber sealing ring is provided at the connection between the sealing end cap and the rotating spindle to isolate it from the external humid and dirty environment.

[0009] Optionally, the centrifugal slider is a cylinder made of tungsten alloy, and its surface is provided with a sliding guide rail that matches the inner wall of the guide groove. The reset spring is a compression spring, and the bottom of the guide groove is also provided with a limiting boss. One end of the reset spring is sleeved on the limiting boss, and the end face of the centrifugal slider facing the reset spring is provided with a receiving recess that matches the outer diameter of the reset spring.

[0010] Optionally, the ultraviolet irradiation assembly includes an annular mounting frame, a plurality of ultraviolet lamps, and a focusing protective cover. The annular mounting frame is made of aluminum alloy and is fixedly connected to the equipment frame by bolts. The annular mounting frame is coaxially arranged with the rotating main shaft. The plurality of ultraviolet lamps are evenly arranged on the inner ring wall of the annular mounting frame, and their light emission direction is towards the root of the bristle array.

[0011] Optionally, the light-concentrating protective cover is a semi-circular cover made of stainless steel with a mirror-polished inner surface. The light-concentrating protective cover is fixed to the outside of the annular mounting frame, and its opening faces the pigsty floor. The upper arc surface of the light-concentrating protective cover completely covers the ultraviolet lamp beads, and its two side edges extend to a level lower than the horizontal center line of the rotating main shaft.

[0012] Optionally, the present invention also includes a power transmission assembly, which includes an outer ring seat fixed on the equipment frame and an inner ring core that rotates synchronously with the rotating main shaft. A conductive carbon brush is provided on the outer ring seat, and a copper collector ring that contacts the conductive carbon brush is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the inner ring core. The stationary contact is connected to the collector ring on the inner ring core through a wire passing through the central hole of the rotating main shaft end cover. The ultraviolet irradiation assembly is connected to the conductive carbon brush on the outer ring seat through a wire.

[0013] Optionally, each bristle in the bristle array is made of polypropylene and has a tapered cross-section, with the root diameter being larger than the tip diameter. The gap between adjacent bristles is precisely calculated and set. The bristles are implanted on the rotating spindle by a pressure strip, that is, the root of the bristle bundle is fastened to the groove opened in the outer peripheral wall of the rotating spindle by a metal pressure strip.

[0014] Optionally, the other end of the rotating spindle is also connected to a sealing end cover. The sealing end cover does not have an insulating base and its main function is physical sealing. There are two centrifugal sliders, which are symmetrically arranged in two independent guide grooves along the diameter of the rotating spindle. The two centrifugal sliders correspond to two independent sets of return springs and electrode contact groups, and the two sets of electrode contact groups are electrically connected in parallel.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention integrates a mechanical trigger assembly within the rotating spindle of the cleaning roller assembly. The centrifugal force generated by the rotating centrifugal slider directly drives the opening and closing of the electrode contact group, eliminating the need for external sensors and electronic processing. When the brush roller reaches a preset speed, the centrifugal force precisely overcomes the preload of the return spring, causing the centrifugal slider to instantly shift and connect the circuit, initiating ultraviolet irradiation. When the brush roller stops rotating, the centrifugal force disappears, and the return spring immediately pushes the slider back to its original position, disconnecting the circuit. The entire process operates without delay in signal acquisition, conversion, and processing, achieving millisecond-level synchronization between the disinfection action and the physical cleaning action of the brush roller. This solves the problem of disinfection blind spots or secondary contamination of cleaned areas caused by timing misalignment. Furthermore, the disinfection behavior is strictly tied to the brush roller's rotation state; the ultraviolet irradiation assembly does not operate when the brush roller is stationary, eliminating the risk of radiation leakage and energy waste inherent in fixed disinfection schemes, and also eliminating the need for designated disinfection waiting areas. Its purely mechanical triggering structure and the sealed structure inside the rotating main shaft give it high tolerance to the harsh environment of high humidity, high dust, and strong corrosion in pigsties, significantly reducing malfunctions caused by moisture or contamination of electronic components. The concentrating protective cover not only protects the ultraviolet lamp beads, but its mirrored inner wall can also refocus the scattered ultraviolet light onto the brush bristle gaps, improving irradiation intensity and disinfection efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation state structure of the cleaning roller brush assembly and the ultraviolet irradiation assembly of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the cleaning roller brush assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention in Figure 3 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the mechanical trigger assembly at point A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power transmission assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the mechanical trigger assembly of the present invention in its installation state; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Rotating spindle; 2. Brush array; 3. Outer ring seat; 4. Inner ring core; 5. Centrifugal slider; 6. Return spring; 7. Stationary contact; 8. Moving contact; 9. Guide groove; 10. Ultraviolet irradiation assembly; 11. Annular mounting bracket; 12. Ultraviolet lamp beads; 13. Concentrating protective cover; 14. Power transmission assembly; 15. Sealed end cap; 16. Insulating base. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0018] Please see Figures 1 to 6 This invention provides an integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties. This device is used for cleaning pigsty floors, and its structural design achieves physical synchronization of cleaning and disinfection actions. The device mainly includes a cleaning roller brush assembly, a mechanical trigger assembly built into the cleaning roller brush assembly, and an ultraviolet irradiation assembly 10 surrounding the cleaning roller brush assembly.

[0019] The cleaning roller brush assembly is the main component for performing floor cleaning operations. This assembly includes a hollow rotating spindle 1 and a bristle array 2 fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the rotating spindle 1. In this embodiment, the rotating spindle 1 is made of stainless steel, which has good structural strength and corrosion resistance. Both ends of the rotating spindle 1 are rotatably connected to the equipment frame via bearing seats, a connection method that supports the stable rotation of the rotating spindle 1. The equipment frame is the load-bearing structure of the entire device, providing a reference for the installation of each component. One end of the rotating spindle 1 has a pre-installed connection structure for connecting to an external drive source (e.g., an electric motor), from which rotational power is provided.

[0020] The bristle array 2 consists of multiple bristle bundles tightly fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the rotating spindle 1. Specifically, the bristle bundles are arranged in a spiral pattern on the outer peripheral wall of the rotating spindle 1. This arrangement allows dirt to be collected to one or both sides when the roller brush rotates. Each bristle is made of polypropylene, a material with good wear resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. The bristle geometry is a tapered cross-section, with the root diameter larger than the tip diameter, enhancing the rigidity of the bristle root. The gap between adjacent bristles is precisely calculated and set. The bristles are implanted into the rotating spindle 1 using a strip-type implantation method. Specifically, grooves aligned with the spiral direction are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the rotating spindle 1. The roots of the bristle bundles are placed in these grooves, and then secured in place by metal strips. This fixing method is robust and reliable.

[0021] The mechanical trigger assembly is the core structure for achieving simultaneous disinfection and cleaning, and it is completely built into the hollow structure of the rotating main shaft 1. This built-in structure utilizes the housing of the rotating main shaft 1 to physically isolate it from the effects of moisture, dust, and corrosive gases in the pigsty. The mechanical trigger assembly includes a centrifugal slider 5, a return spring 6, and an electrode contact assembly. A guide groove 9 is radially formed on the inner wall of the rotating main shaft 1. The inner wall of the guide groove 9 guides the radial movement of the centrifugal slider 5, which slides within the guide groove 9. In this embodiment, the centrifugal slider 5 is a cylinder made of tungsten alloy. The high density of tungsten alloy gives it a greater mass for the same volume, thus generating a greater centrifugal force during rotation. A sliding guide rail is formed on the surface of the centrifugal slider 5, which mates with the inner wall of the guide groove 9, reducing sliding friction.

[0022] The return spring 6 is a compression spring, which serves to restore the initial state and set the trigger threshold in the mechanical trigger assembly. One end of the return spring 6 abuts against the bottom of the guide groove 9, and the other end abuts against the centrifugal slider 5. The bottom of the guide groove 9 is also provided with a limiting boss, and one end of the return spring 6 is fitted onto this limiting boss. This structure positions the bottom of the return spring 6. Correspondingly, the centrifugal slider 5 has a receiving recess on one end face facing the return spring 6 that matches the outer diameter of the return spring 6, thus positioning the other end of the return spring 6.

[0023] The electrode contact assembly is the switching part of the circuit, including a stationary contact 7 and a moving contact 8. Sealing end caps 15 are bolted to both ends of the hollow structure of the rotating main shaft 1. An insulating base 16, made of zirconia ceramic, is fixed to the inner wall of one of the sealing end caps 15, possessing excellent electrical insulation and mechanical strength. The stationary contact 7 is fixed to this insulating base 16. The moving contact 8 is fixed to the outer wall of the centrifugal slider 5, i.e., the side away from the axis of the rotating main shaft 1. When the rotating main shaft 1 is stationary, the return spring 6 is in a naturally extended or slightly pre-compressed state. Its elastic force pushes the centrifugal slider 5 to the outermost position of the opening end of the guide groove 9. At this time, the moving contact 8 fixed to the centrifugal slider 5 and the stationary contact 7 fixed to the sealing end cap 15 are separated, with a clear physical gap between them, and the circuit is in an open state. To enhance sealing, a fluororubber sealing ring is provided at the bolt connection between the sealing end cover 15 and the rotating spindle 1, effectively preventing external humid and dirty environments from intruding into the interior of the rotating spindle 1.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, to improve structural stability and triggering reliability, two centrifugal sliders 5 are symmetrically arranged in two independent guide grooves 9 along the diameter of the rotating main shaft 1. Each centrifugal slider 5 corresponds to an independent set of return springs 6 and electrode contact groups, and the two sets of electrode contact groups are electrically connected in parallel. A sealing end cap 15 is also connected to the other end of the rotating main shaft 1, the main function of which is physical sealing.

[0025] The ultraviolet irradiation assembly 10 is fixed to the equipment frame, and its overall structure surrounds the outside of the cleaning roller brush assembly, electrically connected to the electrode contact group. The ultraviolet irradiation assembly 10 includes an annular mounting bracket 11, a plurality of ultraviolet lamps 12, and a focusing protective cover 13. The annular mounting bracket 11 is made of aluminum alloy and is fixedly connected to the equipment frame by bolts; the annular mounting bracket 11 is coaxially arranged with the rotating main shaft 1, and the two maintain a constant radial distance. The plurality of ultraviolet lamps 12 are evenly distributed on the inner ring wall of the annular mounting bracket 11, and their light emission direction is precisely directed towards the root of the bristle array 2, which is the area where dirt and pathogens are most likely to accumulate.

[0026] The focusing shield 13 is a semi-circular cover made of stainless steel, with its inner surface mirror-polished to form a reflective surface. The focusing shield 13 is fixed to the outside of the annular mounting bracket 11, with its opening facing the pigsty floor. The upper arc surface of the focusing shield 13 completely covers the ultraviolet lamp beads 12, and its two side edges extend downwards to a position below the horizontal center line of the rotating main shaft 1. This structure provides physical protection for the ultraviolet lamp beads 12, and its mirror-like inner wall can reflect outwardly scattered ultraviolet light back onto the brush array 2, increasing the irradiance.

[0027] The invention also includes a power transmission assembly 14, which transmits electrical energy from a fixed equipment frame to a mechanical trigger assembly that rotates with the main shaft 1. The power transmission assembly 14 includes an outer ring seat 3 fixed to the equipment frame and an inner ring core 4 that rotates synchronously with the main shaft 1. A conductive carbon brush is disposed on the outer ring seat 3, and a copper collector ring that slides in contact with the conductive carbon brush is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the inner ring core 4. A stationary contact 7 is connected to the collector ring on the inner ring core 4 via a wire passing through the center hole of the sealing end cap 15. The ultraviolet irradiation assembly 10 is connected to the conductive carbon brush on the outer ring seat 3 via a wire, forming a complete power supply circuit that can be switched on and off with the rotation of the main shaft.

[0028] The working process of this invention is as follows: When the cleaning device is stationary, the drive source is not activated, and the rotating spindle 1 does not rotate. At this time, the spring force of the return spring 6 inside the mechanical trigger assembly acts on the centrifugal slider 5, holding it in the outermost position of the opening end of the guide groove 9. The moving contact 8 remains separated from the stationary contact 7, and the electrode contact group is in the open state. The power delivery assembly 14 cannot deliver power to the ultraviolet irradiation assembly 10, so the ultraviolet lamp 12 does not emit light.

[0029] When the drive source is started, the main shaft 1 begins to rotate and gradually accelerates. As the rotational speed increases, the centrifugal slider 5 experiences a centrifugal force radially outward along the main shaft 1. The magnitude of this centrifugal force is proportional to the square of the angular velocity of the main shaft 1. At lower rotational speeds, this centrifugal force is less than the preload of the return spring 6, the position of the centrifugal slider 5 remains unchanged, and the circuit remains open.

[0030] When the rotational speed of the main shaft 1 reaches a preset working speed threshold, the centrifugal force acting on the centrifugal slider 5 is equal to or exceeds the elastic force of the return spring 6. The centrifugal slider 5 overcomes the resistance of the return spring 6 and slides outward along the guide groove 9. As the centrifugal slider 5 moves radially outward along the main shaft 1, the moving contact 8 fixed on it also moves and eventually contacts the fixed stationary contact 7, so that the contact between the moving and stationary contacts closes the entire power supply circuit. The current flows through the conductive carbon brush and collector ring of the power transmission assembly 14, through the closed electrode contact group, and finally reaches the ultraviolet irradiation assembly 10, illuminating the ultraviolet lamp 12. The ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet lamp 12 irradiates the brush array 2 that is rotating at high speed to clean the floor, irradiating and disinfecting it.

[0031] When the cleaning operation is completed, the drive source is turned off, and the rotational speed of the main shaft 1 begins to decrease. As the speed decreases, the centrifugal force acting on the centrifugal slider 5 also decreases. When the centrifugal force decreases to an insufficient level to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 6, the compressed return spring 6 begins to extend, pushing the centrifugal slider 5 back to its original outermost position along the guide groove 9. The moving contact 8 separates from the stationary contact 7 as the centrifugal slider 5 moves inward, the electrode contact group is disconnected, the power supply circuit is cut off, and the ultraviolet lamp 12 is extinguished. The entire device returns to its initial static state.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pigsty cleaning and disinfection integrated device, characterized in that: Includes a cleaning roller brush assembly, a mechanical trigger assembly, and an ultraviolet irradiation assembly (10), wherein: The cleaning roller brush assembly includes a hollow rotating main shaft (1) and a bristle array (2) fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the rotating main shaft (1). The two ends of the rotating main shaft (1) are rotatably connected to the equipment frame through bearing seats. The mechanical trigger assembly is built into the hollow structure of the rotating main shaft (1). The mechanical trigger assembly includes a centrifugal slider (5), a return spring (6), and an electrode contact group. A guide groove (9) is provided on the inner wall of the rotating main shaft (1) along its radial direction. The centrifugal slider (5) is slidably fitted in the guide groove (9). One end of the return spring (6) abuts against the bottom of the guide groove (9), and the other end abuts against the centrifugal slider (5). The electrode contact group includes a stationary contact (7) and a moving contact (8) fixed to the outer wall of the centrifugal slider (5). The stationary contact (7) and the moving contact (8) are separated from each other when the rotating main shaft (1) is stationary. When the rotating main shaft (1) rotates, the centrifugal slider (5) overcomes the elastic force of the return spring (6) under centrifugal action and slides outward along the guide groove (9). The moving contact (8) moves accordingly and contacts the stationary contact (7). The ultraviolet irradiation assembly (10) surrounds the outside of the cleaning roller assembly and is electrically connected to the electrode contact group. The ultraviolet irradiation assembly (10) is fixed on the equipment frame. The power supply circuit of the ultraviolet irradiation assembly (10) is turned on when the moving contact (8) contacts the stationary contact (7).

2. The integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow structure of the rotating spindle (1) is connected to two sealing end caps (15) respectively. An insulating base (16) is fixed on the inner wall of one of the sealing end caps (15), and the stationary contact (7) is fixed on the insulating base (16). A sealing ring is provided at the connection between the sealing end cap (15) and the rotating spindle (1).

3. The integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal slider (5) is a cylinder made of tungsten alloy, and its surface is provided with a sliding guide rail that cooperates with the inner wall of the guide groove (9); the reset spring (6) is a compression spring; the bottom of the guide groove (9) is provided with a limiting boss, and one end of the reset spring (6) is sleeved on the limiting boss; the centrifugal slider (5) has a receiving recess on one end face facing the reset spring (6).

4. The integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultraviolet irradiation assembly (10) includes an annular mounting bracket (11), a plurality of ultraviolet lamp beads (12), and a focusing shield (13); the annular mounting bracket (11) is mounted on the equipment frame and is coaxially arranged with the rotating main shaft (1); the plurality of ultraviolet lamp beads (12) are arranged on the inner ring wall of the annular mounting bracket (11), and their light emission direction is towards the root of the bristle array (2).

5. The integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties according to claim 4, characterized in that: The light-concentrating protective cover (13) is a semi-circular cover made of stainless steel, and its inner surface is mirror-polished. The light-concentrating protective cover (13) is fixed to the outside of the annular mounting frame (11), its opening faces the pigsty floor, its upper arc surface covers the ultraviolet lamp beads (12), and its two side edges extend to the horizontal center line below the rotating main shaft (1).

6. The integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an electrical power transmission assembly (14); the electrical power transmission assembly (14) includes an outer ring seat (3) fixed on the equipment frame and an inner ring core (4) that rotates synchronously with the rotating main shaft (1); a conductive carbon brush is provided on the outer ring seat (3), and a collector ring that contacts the conductive carbon brush is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the inner ring core (4); the stationary contact (7) is connected to the collector ring on the inner ring core (4), and the ultraviolet irradiation assembly (10) is connected to the conductive carbon brush on the outer ring seat (3).

7. The integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each bristle in the bristle array (2) is made of polypropylene and has a tapered cross section; the bristles are fastened to the grooves opened on the outer peripheral wall of the rotating spindle (1) by metal pressure strips.

8. The integrated cleaning and disinfection device for pigsties according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two centrifugal sliders (5), which are symmetrically arranged in two independent guide grooves (9) along the diameter direction of the rotating main shaft (1); the two centrifugal sliders (5) correspond to two independent sets of reset springs (6) and electrode contact groups respectively, and the two sets of electrode contact groups are electrically connected in parallel.

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