Wheel type cutterhead excavation and residue removal collaborative test bench and test method

Abstract

The application discloses a wheel cutter excavation and residue discharging cooperative test bed and a test method. The wheel cutter excavation and residue discharging cooperative test bed comprises a wheel cutter tunneling mechanism, a residue discharging mechanism and an experimental mechanism. The experimental mechanism comprises an experimental base frame. The wheel cutter tunneling mechanism and the residue discharging mechanism are arranged on the experimental base frame respectively. The wheel cutter tunneling mechanism is installed at the front of the experimental base frame of the experimental mechanism, the residue discharging mechanism is installed at the rear of the experimental base frame of the experimental mechanism, and the installation horizontal position of the wheel cutter tunneling mechanism is higher than that of the residue discharging mechanism. The cooperative test bed effectively solves the problem of low stirring efficiency when the residue feeding amount is too large, solves the problem of long mechanism and large space occupation when only a conveying device is used to lift the residue, realizes real-time cooperative research on residue feeding and residue discharging, and improves the tunneling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring equipment, specifically to a test bench and test method for coordinated excavation and muck removal by a wheeled cutterhead. Background Technology

[0002] For excavating and shaping hard rock in rectangular, triangular, and corner areas, the wheeled cutterhead structure is one of the most advanced tunneling equipment. The wheeled cutterhead houses a hydraulic motor, with scraper plates, protective plates, and roller cutters arranged circumferentially at intervals. During actual construction, the hydraulic motor drives the wheeled cutterhead to rotate around its axis, and the propulsion system propels the wheeled cutterhead along the tunnel axis, enabling the excavation and shaping of hard rock in these areas. Currently, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) with a portal-shaped cutterhead is the primary application area for wheeled cutterheads. This TBM integrates a circular cutterhead system and a wheeled cutterhead system, using the circular cross-section to complement the corner areas excavated by the wheeled cutterhead to form a portal-shaped cross-section. The biggest challenge hindering the operation of portal-shaped TBMs is the inability to coordinate the excavation speed and muck removal speed of the wheeled cutterhead system. After a certain period of excavation, the muck removal system of the wheeled cutterhead experiences problems such as large accumulation of muck at the muck outlet and exceeding the set muck removal range. At this point, the TBM must be stopped for manual muck removal, severely impacting construction efficiency and automation. Patent application CN112727483A, published on April 30, 2021, discloses a tunnel boring machine (TBM) with a gate-shaped design and its construction method. The invention features a hopper behind the wheeled cutterhead. This hopper is a vertically positioned plate-like structure, its bottom contacting the tunnel floor, used to collect all the excavated material generated by the circular and wheeled cutterheads. Inside the hopper is a slag collection device, a vertically enclosed annular transmission device used to lift the excavated material from the hopper to above a conveyor belt, which then transports it to the outside of the tunnel. However, due to a gap between the slag collection device and the tunnel floor, the excavated material at the bottom of the hopper cannot be smoothly discharged. Furthermore, because the lifting device has a limited capacity, when the TBM's excavation speed is high, a large accumulation of excavated material can submerge the slag collection device, potentially causing it to jam or the machine to stop. Patent application CN114575867A, published on June 3, 2022, discloses an irregular tunnel excavation device and an irregular tunnel boring machine. This invention employs a slag removal device that combines a bucket, a feed wheel, and a conveyor. This slag removal device is located at the rear of the wheeled cutterhead, with the bottom of the bucket in contact with the tunnel bottom. The feed wheel is located inside the bucket to agitate the slag inside. The conveyor lifts the agitated slag to the top of a belt conveyor, which then transports it to the outside of the tunnel. However, this method still has certain drawbacks: First, the bucket itself has a limited slag collection capacity. When the amount of slag generated by the wheeled cutterhead excavation exceeds the slag removal capacity of the slag removal device, the slag will overflow to the sides of the bucket and cannot be smoothly discharged. Second, when the slag intake is too large or the slag particles are too large, the feed wheel cannot agitate smoothly, and a large amount of slag accumulates at the bottom of the bucket, causing problems such as mechanism jamming and slag accumulation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned shortcomings and improve the working efficiency of wheeled cutterheads while preventing inefficient muck removal, it is necessary to design a muck removal mechanism with a larger muck removal capacity and improved safety. Furthermore, it is crucial to coordinate the tunneling speed with the muck removal speed. Based on this, this paper proposes a test bench for coordinated excavation and muck removal of wheeled cutterheads. This test bench structurally improves upon traditional wheeled cutterhead muck removal devices, significantly enhancing muck removal efficiency. Simultaneously, this test bench allows for testing the optimal coordination speed between different wheeled cutterheads and muck removal devices, providing guidance for setting the tunneling speed of wheeled cutterheads and the muck removal speed of muck removal devices in practical engineering projects.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: I. A test bench for coordinated excavation and muck removal by a wheeled cutterhead It includes a wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism, a slag removal mechanism, and an experimental mechanism. The experimental mechanism includes an experimental base frame. The wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism and the slag removal mechanism are respectively set on the experimental base frame. The wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism is installed at the front of the experimental base frame of the experimental mechanism, and the slag removal mechanism is installed at the rear of the experimental base frame of the experimental mechanism. The horizontal position of the wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism is higher than that of the slag removal mechanism.

[0005] The experimental apparatus also includes a support frame and an experimental stone. The support frame is fixedly installed at the front end of the experimental base frame. The support frame adopts a V-shaped channel steel structure. The experimental stone is placed upright along the edge of the V-shaped channel steel structure and fixed inside the support frame.

[0006] The wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism includes a guide seat, a guide body, a propulsion cylinder, a connecting seat, a hinge seat, a left and right swing cylinder, a cutting arm, a right and left swing cylinder, and a wheeled cutterhead. A guide seat is fixedly installed on the experimental base frame. A guide body is horizontally and slidably mounted inside the guide seat. The bottom of the guide body is connected to the experimental base frame via the propulsion cylinder. A connecting seat is fixedly installed at the front end of the guide body. The rear end of the hinge seat is rotatably connected to the connecting seat on a horizontal plane via a slewing bearing. The hinge seat and the guide body are connected via the left and right swing cylinders. The front end of the hinge seat is hinged to the cutting arm and the right and left swing cylinders, respectively. The cutting arm is hinged to the right and left swing cylinders. A wheeled cutterhead is installed at the front end of the cutting arm. The bottom of the guide body is connected to the cylinder rod of the propulsion cylinder, and the connection point between the guide body and the propulsion cylinder is located between the two guide seats. The cylinder body of the propulsion cylinder is connected to the experimental base frame.

[0007] The hinge seat and the guide body are connected by two left and right swing cylinders. The cylinder bodies of the two left and right swing cylinders are fixed to both sides of the outer wall of the guide body, and the cylinder rods of the left and right swing cylinders are connected to both sides of the hinge seat. The lower part of the front end of the hinge seat is hinged to the rear end of the cutting arm through a bearing. The upper part of the front end of the hinge seat is connected to the cylinder bodies of the upper and lower swing cylinders, and the cylinder rods of the upper and lower swing cylinders are connected to the middle part of the cutting arm. The axial direction of the wheel-type cutter head is perpendicular to the movement direction of the guide body. The wheel-type cutter head includes a scraper plate, a protective plate, a wear-resistant steel plate, and a cutter assembly with rollers. The main body of the wheel-type cutter head is cylindrical. Scraper plates and protective plates are arranged at intervals along the outer circumference of the cylindrical surface. The scraper plates are fixedly installed on the outer edge of the protective plate. A cutter assembly is arranged between adjacent protective plates arranged at intervals along the circumference. The rollers are fixed to the wheel-type cutter head by wedge-shaped pressure blocks. A wear-resistant steel plate is provided on the bottom surface of the cylindrical shape.

[0008] It includes two guide seats, which are vertically fixed on the experimental base frame. The two guide seats are installed sequentially between the rear of the experimental base frame and the experimental stone. The guide bodies are horizontally slidable inside the two guide seats. The guide bodies are parallel to the experimental base frame and the two guide seats are parallel to each other.

[0009] The slag removal mechanism includes a slag conveyor belt, a slag removal device, a conveying device, a lifting device, a slag transfer belt conveyor, and a slag collection box. The slag removal mechanism is located at the rear of the experimental base frame of the experimental structure. A conveying device is located at the rear of the slag removal mechanism. A slag conveyor belt is installed inside the experimental base frame, with its front end positioned below the experimental stone and its rear end extending to the front of the conveying device. The slag removal mechanism is located above the slag conveyor belt. A conveying transfer device is located at the rear of the slag conveyor belt. The conveying device is inclined upwards and fixedly mounted on the experimental base frame via a support frame at its rear. A lifting device is located at the rear of the conveying device, with its bottom surface fixedly mounted on the experimental base frame. A slag transfer belt conveyor is located above the lifting device, inclined downwards, with its rear end positioned above the slag collection box.

[0010] A trough for collecting slag is provided on the experimental base frame directly below the wheel cutterhead; the guide seats of the two wheel cutterhead tunneling mechanisms are parallel to each other, and these two guide seats are installed sequentially between the middle of the experimental base frame and the support frame; the axis of the wheel cutterhead is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the guide body; the guide body is rigidly connected to the connecting seat, hinge seat, cutting arm and wheel cutterhead.

[0011] The slag conveyor belt includes a support frame, retaining rollers, idler rollers, and a belt. The bottom of the slag conveyor belt is equipped with a support frame, and the belt is installed above the support frame. Retaining roller groups and idler roller groups are arranged on both sides of the support frame. Each retaining roller group on each side of the support frame includes multiple retaining rollers arranged along the length of the belt. Each idler roller group on each side of the support frame includes idler rollers arranged along the length of the belt. One or two idler rollers are arranged between every two adjacent retaining rollers. The belt is located between the retaining roller groups and idler roller groups on both sides of the support frame and is limited.

[0012] II. Test Method for a Wheel-Type Cutterhead Excavation and Slag Removal Coordination Test Bench The test method includes the following steps: Step S1: The wheeled cutterhead rotates continuously, controlled by the propulsion cylinder, the left and right swing cylinder, and the up and down swing cylinder. The wheeled cutterhead tunneling method is used to tunnel according to the set cross-sectional dimensions. Step S2: During the tunneling process, slag will be generated. The generated slag will fall into the slag conveyor belt through the slag collection channel of the experimental base frame. Step S3: The slag is transported by the slag conveyor belt, then gathered by the slag removal device, and then transported by the conveyor to the bottom of the lifting device. It is then transferred by the lifting device to the slag transfer belt conveyor and finally sent into the slag collection box.

[0013] Wheel-type cutterhead tunneling methods include wheel-type cutterhead oscillating and wheel-type cutterhead propulsion. The oscillating wheel-type cutter head includes the following steps: Step S1: The wheel cutter head continues to rotate around its own axis. The wheel cutter head is swung to one side of the cutter head construction surface by the left and right swing cylinders. The wheel cutter head is pushed into the penetration depth H by the push cylinder. Step S2: The wheel cutter head continues to rotate around its own axis, and the position of the push cylinder remains unchanged. The wheel cutter head is driven by the left and right swing cylinder to gradually swing and sweep from one side of the cutter head working surface to the other side of the cutter head working surface. Step S3: The wheel-type cutter head continues to rotate around its own axis, and the position of the left and right swing cylinder remains unchanged. The wheel-type cutter head is pushed by the propulsion cylinder to continue penetrating to a certain depth H. Step S4: The wheel cutter head continues to rotate around its own axis, and the position of the feed cylinder remains unchanged. The wheel cutter head is gradually swept to the other side of the cutter head construction surface by swinging the left and right swing cylinder. Step S5: Repeat steps S1 to S4 in sequence until the target penetration depth is reached and then stop penetration. The wheel-type cutter head pusher includes the following steps: Step S1: The wheel-type cutter head continues to rotate around its own axis, and the position of the left and right swing cylinder remains unchanged. The wheel-type cutter head is driven by the push cylinder to penetrate the test stone until the push cylinder reaches its full stroke L. Step S2: The wheel cutter head continues to rotate around its own axis, and the position of the left and right swing cylinder remains unchanged. The wheel cutter head is driven away from the cutter head construction surface by the push cylinder and then retracted to its original position. Step S3: The wheel cutterhead continues to rotate around its own axis, the position of the propulsion cylinder remains unchanged, and the wheel cutterhead is swung to the unexcavated cutterhead construction surface by the left and right swing cylinder; Step S4: Repeat steps S1 to S3 in sequence until the cross-section cutting is completed.

[0014] This invention discloses a wheeled cutterhead excavation and muck removal collaborative test bench, which can guide the structural design of subsequent wheeled cutterhead muck removal devices and provide an experimental platform for setting the excavation speed of different types of wheeled cutterheads and the muck removal speed of muck removal devices. Structurally, this invention can be understood as an improvement on the traditional wheeled cutterhead and muck removal device system. Specifically, the wheeled cutterhead excavation system can conduct excavation experiments on test rocks, and the muck removal device can perform muck removal and muck removal volume calculation.

[0015] This invention improves upon the original slag removal device, combining the advantages of the aforementioned bucket, conveyor, and slag collection device to design a conveying and lifting device. Simultaneously, a slag-scraping device is installed at the front of the conveying device, effectively improving slag removal efficiency. This test bench mechanism has the following advantages: First, the slag-scraping mechanism effectively solves the problems of traditional material feeding wheels easily getting stuck and damaged when encountering large particles of slag, and low stirring efficiency when the slag volume is too large; second, by coordinating the conveying and lifting devices to lift the slag, it solves the problem of excessive length and space occupation when only the conveying device is used for lifting slag; third, the slag generated by the wheeled cutterhead excavation can enter the slag removal device in real time via the slag conveyor belt, realizing real-time coordinated research on slag feeding and discharging.

[0016] During the testing of the wheeled cutterhead excavation and muck removal coordinated test bench of this invention, the excavation and muck removal of the wheeled cutterhead and the muck removal mechanism were carried out synchronously in real time. At this time, the muck removal situation could be monitored in real time through the muck collection box, and the muck accumulation of the muck removal device, conveying device, lifting device and other mechanisms could be directly observed. By continuously adjusting the excavation speed and muck removal speed, a reasonable coordination speed that meets the requirements for smooth muck removal can be found. Under the condition of smooth muck removal, the wheeled cutterhead can achieve continuous and uninterrupted excavation, and the system's excavation efficiency reaches its maximum. Therefore, this test bench has important guiding significance for the practical application of wheeled cutterheads.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The test bench has improved the original wheel-type cutter head slag discharge device structure and added a slag scraping device to solve the problems of traditional material feeding wheels being easily jammed and damaged when encountering large particles of slag and low stirring efficiency when the slag volume is too large; by coordinating the conveying device and the lifting device, the problem of excessively long mechanism and excessive space occupation when only the conveying device is used to lift slag has been improved; the slag transfer belt conveyor uses baffle rollers and idler rollers to improve the slag conveying efficiency while ensuring belt stability and preventing belt tipping.

[0018] 2. The experimental rig has an opening in the vertical area of ​​the wheeled cutterhead, and a slag conveyor belt is installed inside. This simulates the situation in actual construction where the entire slag removal device is dragged forward and encounters slag in front of it, from the perspective of relative motion. This achieves real-time coordinated operation of the wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal.

[0019] 3. This test bench can be used to test the most efficient cutterhead tunneling speed and the corresponding slag discharge speed of each slag discharge device under the conditions of continuous, stable, and slag-free construction of the wheeled cutterhead, using different tunneling methods, different wheeled cutterheads, and different slag discharge mechanisms. This has guiding significance for speed setting in actual engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 : This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 : This is a top view of the experimental base frame of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 : This is a schematic diagram of the wheel-type cutter head system of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 : This is a schematic diagram of the wheel-type cutter head structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the slag conveyor belt of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the oscillating experimental method of the wheel-type cutter head system of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental method for the propulsion type of the wheeled cutterhead system of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1 Experimental base frame, 2 Support frame, 3 Experimental stone, 4 Guide seat, 5 Guide body, 6 Propulsion cylinder, 7 Connecting seat, 8 Hinge seat, 9 Left and right swing cylinder, 10 Cutting arm, 11 Up and down swing cylinder, 12 Wheel cutter head, 13 Slag conveyor belt, 14 Slag removal device, 15 Conveying device, 16 Lifting device, 17 Slag transfer belt conveyor, 1701 Support, 1702 Baffle roller, 1703 Idler roller, 1704 Belt, 18 Slag collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal collaborative test bench includes a wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism, a slag removal mechanism, and an experimental mechanism. The experimental mechanism includes an experimental base frame 1. The wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism and the slag removal mechanism are respectively installed on the experimental base frame 1. The wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism is installed at the front of the experimental base frame 1, and the slag removal mechanism is installed at the rear of the experimental base frame 1. The horizontal position of the wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism is slightly higher than that of the slag removal mechanism. Specifically, the experimental base frame 1 adopts a stepped structure, with the wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism installed in the higher part of the front half and the slag removal mechanism installed in the lower part of the rear half.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the experimental mechanism also includes a support frame 2 and an experimental stone 3. The support frame 2 is welded and fixedly installed at the front end of the experimental base frame 1. The support frame 2 adopts a V-shaped channel steel structure. The experimental stone 3 is placed upright along the edge of the V-shaped channel steel structure and fixed inside the support frame 2 to ensure that the experimental stone 2 is fixed inside the V-shaped channel steel structure so as to ensure that the experimental stone 2 does not shake.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism includes a guide seat 4, a guide body 5, a propulsion cylinder 6, a connecting seat 7, a hinge seat 8, a left-right swing cylinder 9, a cutting arm 10, a right-up-down swing cylinder 11, and a wheeled cutterhead 12. The guide seat 4 is fixedly mounted on the experimental base frame 1. The guide body 5 is horizontally and slidably mounted inside the guide seat 4. The bottom of the guide body 5 is connected to the experimental base frame 1 via the propulsion cylinder 6. A connecting seat 7 is fixedly mounted at the front end of the guide body 5. The rear end of the hinge seat 8 is connected to the connecting seat 7 via a slewing bearing. A rotatable connection is formed on the horizontal plane. The hinge seat 8 and the guide body 5 are connected by left and right swing cylinders 9. The front end of the hinge seat 8 is hinged to the cutting arm 10 and the up and down swing cylinder 11 respectively. The cutting arm 10 and the up and down swing cylinder 11 are hinged together. A wheel-type cutter head 12 is installed at the front end of the cutting arm 10. The bottom of the guide body 5 is connected to the cylinder rod of the propulsion cylinder 6. The position where the guide body 5 and the propulsion cylinder 6 are connected is located between the two guide seats 4. The cylinder body of the propulsion cylinder 6 is connected to the experimental base frame 1.

[0033] The hinge seat 8 and the guide body 5 are connected by two left-right swing cylinders 9. The cylinder bodies of the two left-right swing cylinders 9 are fixed to both sides of the outer wall of the guide body 5, and the cylinder rods of the left-right swing cylinders 9 are connected to both sides of the hinge seat 8. The lower part of the front end of the hinge seat 8 is hinged to the rear end of the cutting arm 10 through a bearing, and the upper part of the front end of the hinge seat 8 is connected to the cylinder body of the up-down swing cylinder 11, and the cylinder rod of the up-down swing cylinder 11 is connected to the middle part of the cutting arm 10. The axial direction of the wheel-type cutter head 12 is perpendicular to the movement direction of the guide body 5. Figure 4 As shown, the wheel-type cutter head 12 includes a scraper plate, a protective plate, a wear-resistant steel plate, and a cutter assembly with rollers. The main body of the wheel-type cutter head 12 is cylindrical. Scraper plates and protective plates are arranged in sequence at intervals along the outer circumference of the cylindrical surface. The scraper plate is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the protective plate. A cutter assembly is arranged between adjacent protective plates arranged in sequence at intervals along the circumference. The rollers are fixed on the wheel-type cutter head 12 by wedge-shaped pressure blocks. A wear-resistant steel plate is provided on the bottom surface of the cylindrical shape.

[0034] It includes two guide seats 4, which are vertically fixed on the experimental base frame 1. The two guide seats 4 are installed sequentially between the rear of the experimental base frame 1 and the experimental stone 3. The guide body 5 is horizontally slidable inside the two guide seats 4. The guide body 5 is parallel to the experimental base frame 1 and the two guide seats 4 are parallel to each other.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a through-slot for collecting slag is provided on the experimental base frame 1 directly below the wheel cutterhead 12. The guide seats 4 of the two wheel cutterhead excavation mechanisms are parallel to each other, and these two guide seats 4 are installed sequentially between the middle of the experimental base frame 1 and the support frame 2; the axis of the wheel cutterhead 12 is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the guide body 5. The guide body 5 is rigidly connected to the connecting seat 7, the hinge seat 8, the cutting arm 10, and the wheel cutterhead 12 in sequence. Therefore, when the propulsion cylinder 6 pushes the guide body 5 to move back and forth, the wheel cutterhead 12 can move back and forth accordingly. When the left and right swing cylinder 9 pushes the hinge seat 8 to move left and right, the wheel cutterhead 12 swings left and right accordingly; when the up and down swing cylinder 11 pushes the cutting arm 10 to move up and down, the wheel cutterhead 12 swings up and down accordingly. This experimental platform can realize the wheel cutterhead's three degrees of freedom of movement: back and forth, left and right swing, and up and down swing.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, the slag removal mechanism includes a slag conveyor belt 13, a slag removal device 14, a conveying device 15, a lifting device 16, a slag transfer belt conveyor 17, and a slag collection box 18. The slag removal mechanism 14 is located at the rear of the experimental base frame 1 of the experimental mechanism, and the conveying device 15 is located at the rear of the slag removal mechanism 14. The slag conveyor belt 13 is installed inside the experimental base frame 1 of the experimental mechanism, with its front end located below the experimental stone 3 of the experimental mechanism, and its rear end extending to the front of the conveying device 15. The slag removal mechanism 14 is located within the slag conveyor belt. Above 13, a conveying transfer device 15 is provided at the rear end of the slag conveyor belt 13. The conveying device 15 is inclined upward. The conveying device 15 is fixedly installed on the experimental base frame 1 of the experimental mechanism by the support frame under its rear. A lifting device 16 is provided at the rear end of the conveying device 15. The bottom surface of the lifting device 16 is fixedly installed on the experimental base frame 1 of the experimental mechanism. A slag transfer belt conveyor 17 is provided above the lifting device 16. The slag transfer belt conveyor 17 is inclined downward, and the rear end of the slag transfer belt conveyor 17 is located above the slag collection box 18.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, the slag conveyor belt 17 includes a support frame 1701, guide rollers 1702, idler rollers 1703, and a belt 1704. The support frame 1701 is located at the bottom of the slag conveyor belt 17, and the belt is positioned above the support frame 1701. Guide roller groups and idler roller groups are arranged on both sides of the support frame 1701. Each guide roller group on each side of the support frame 1701 includes multiple guide rollers 1702 arranged along the length of the belt, and each idler roller group on each side of the support frame 1701 includes idler rollers 1703 arranged along the length of the belt. Between every two adjacent guide rollers 1702... One or two idler rollers 1703 are provided. The belt 1704 is located between the guide roller group and the idler roller group on both sides of the support 1701 and is limited. The guide rollers 1702 and the idler rollers 1703 prevent the belt 1704 from swinging left and right or up and down, ensuring that the belt 1704 always transports the slag in a "V" shape, which can maximize the conveying efficiency of the belt conveyor. The design of the guide rollers 1702, idler rollers 1703 and belt 1704 enables the slag conveyor 17 to ensure belt stability and prevent belt tipping while improving the slag conveying efficiency.

[0038] The test method for the wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench includes the following steps: Step S1: The wheel cutterhead 12 rotates continuously, controlled by the propulsion cylinder 6, the left and right swing cylinder 9 and the up and down swing cylinder 11, and the wheel cutterhead tunneling method is used to tunnel according to the set cross-sectional dimensions; Step S2: During the tunneling process, slag will be generated. The generated slag will fall into the slag conveyor belt 13 through the slag collection channel of the experimental base frame 1. Step S3: The slag is transported by the slag conveyor belt 13, then gathered by the slag removal device 14, and then transported by the conveyor device 15 to the bottom of the lifting device 16. It is then transferred by the lifting device 16 to the slag transfer belt conveyor 17, and finally sent into the slag collection box 18.

[0039] Among them, the wheeled cutterhead tunneling method includes the wheeled cutterhead swing tunneling method and the wheeled cutterhead propulsion tunneling method: like Figure 6 As shown, the oscillating wheel-type cutter head includes the following steps: Step S11: The wheel cutter head 12 continues to rotate around its own axis. The wheel cutter head 12 is swung to one side of the cutter head construction surface by the left and right swing cylinder 9. The wheel cutter head 12 is pushed into the penetration depth H by the push cylinder 6. Step S12: The wheel cutter head 12 keeps rotating around its own axis, the position of the push cylinder 6 remains unchanged, and the wheel cutter head 12 is driven by the left and right swing cylinder 9 to gradually swing and sweep from one side of the cutter head construction surface to the other side of the cutter head construction surface. Step S13: The wheel cutter head 12 continues to rotate around its own axis, the position of the left and right swing cylinder 9 remains unchanged, and the wheel cutter head 12 is pushed to continue penetrating to a certain depth H by the push cylinder 6; Step S14: The wheel cutter head 12 continues to rotate around its own axis, the position of the push cylinder 6 remains unchanged, and the wheel cutter head 12 is gradually swept to the other side of the cutter head construction surface by swinging the left and right swing cylinder 9. Step S15: Repeat steps S11 to S14 in sequence until the target penetration depth is reached and then stop penetration. like Figure 7 As shown, the wheel-type cutter head propulsion method includes the following steps: Step S16: The wheel-type cutter head 12 continues to rotate around its own axis, and the position of the left and right swing cylinder 9 remains unchanged. The wheel-type cutter head 12 is driven into the experimental stone 3 by the push cylinder 6 until the push cylinder 6 reaches its full stroke L. Step S17: The wheel cutter head 12 continues to rotate around its own axis, the position of the left and right swing cylinder 9 remains unchanged, and the wheel cutter head 12 is driven away from the cutter head construction surface by the push cylinder 6 and retracted to its original position; Step S18: The wheel cutterhead 12 continues to rotate around its own axis, the position of the push cylinder 6 remains unchanged, and the wheel cutterhead 12 is driven to swing to the unexcavated cutterhead construction surface by the left and right swing cylinder 9; Step S19: Repeat steps S16 to S18 in sequence until the cross-section cutting is completed.

[0040] In specific implementation, during the operation of the wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal collaborative test bench of the present invention, the wheeled cutterhead 12 maintains rotation around its axis. The propulsion cylinder 6, the left and right swing cylinder 9, and the up and down swing cylinder 11 cooperate to achieve the excavation and shaping of the wheeled cutterhead 12 under the set cross-sectional dimensions. At this time, the slag generated by the wheeled cutterhead 12 falls directly onto the slag conveyor belt 13 through the through-slot area of ​​the experimental base frame 1. The slag conveyor belt 13 continuously transports the slag to the slag removal device 14. This slag conveyor belt 13 replicates the situation in actual construction where the slag removal device is dragged forward and the slag removal device 14 moves to the slag. The movement of the slag removal device 14 gathers the slag into the conveying device 15, which transports the slag to the bottom of the lifting device 16. Subsequently, the lifting device 16 receives the slag transported by the conveying device 15 and lifts it above the slag transfer conveyor belt 17. The slag transfer conveyor belt 17 transports the slag to the slag collection box 18 to complete the entire "excavation-slag removal" process.

[0041] During the experiment, if slag accumulates at the muck-removing device 14, conveying device 15, or lifting device 16, the operating speed of that device is adjusted accordingly. If accumulation persists after adjustment, the excavation speed of the wheeled cutterhead 12 is appropriately reduced. When no slag accumulates at the muck-removing device 14, conveying device 15, or lifting device 16, the operating speed of that device and the wheeled cutterhead is reduced accordingly. By continuously adjusting the operating speeds of the muck-removing device 14, conveying device 15, lifting device 16, and wheeled cutterhead 12 under the target of preventing slag accumulation, the maximum excavation speed of the wheeled cutterhead 12 and the corresponding slag discharge speed of each slag discharge device within the rated range can be found. This achieves coordinated excavation and slag discharge by the wheeled cutterhead. Simultaneously, the slag collection box 18 collects all the slag generated by the wheeled cutterhead excavation, which can be used for subsequent analysis and research on particle size, elements, etc.

[0042] The above specific embodiments are used to explain and illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Any modifications and changes made to the present invention within the scope of the claims of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test bench for coordinated excavation and slag removal using a wheeled cutterhead, characterized in that: It includes a wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism, a slag removal mechanism, and an experimental mechanism. The experimental mechanism includes an experimental base frame (1). The wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism and the slag removal mechanism are respectively set on the experimental base frame (1). The wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism is installed at the front of the experimental base frame (1) of the experimental mechanism, and the slag removal mechanism is installed at the rear of the experimental base frame (1) of the experimental mechanism. The wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism is installed at a horizontal position higher than the slag removal mechanism.

2. The wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental mechanism also includes a support frame (2) and an experimental stone (3). The front end of the experimental base frame (1) is fixedly installed with the support frame (2). The support frame (2) adopts a V-shaped channel steel structure. The experimental stone (3) is placed upright along the edge of the V-shaped channel steel structure and fixed inside the support frame (2).

3. The wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wheeled cutterhead tunneling mechanism includes a guide seat (4), a guide body (5), a propulsion cylinder (6), a connecting seat (7), a hinge seat (8), a left-right swing cylinder (9), a cutting arm (10), a right-up-down swing cylinder (11), and a wheeled cutterhead (12); the guide seat (4) is fixedly installed on the experimental base frame (1), and the guide body (5) is horizontally and slidably provided inside the guide seat (4). The bottom of the guide body (5) is connected to the experimental base frame (1) via the propulsion cylinder (6), and the front end of the guide body (5) is fixedly provided with a connecting seat (7). The rear end of the hinge seat (8) is connected to the connecting seat via a rotary bearing (9). 7) A rotatable connection is formed on the horizontal plane. The hinge seat (8) and the guide body (5) are connected by a left and right swing cylinder (9). The front end of the hinge seat (8) is hinged to the cutting arm (10) and the up and down swing cylinder (11) respectively. The cutting arm (10) and the up and down swing cylinder (11) are hinged together. A wheel-type cutter head (12) is installed at the front end of the cutting arm (10). The bottom of the guide body (5) is connected to the cylinder rod of the propulsion cylinder (6). The position where the guide body (5) is connected to the propulsion cylinder (6) is located between the two guide seats (4). The cylinder body of the propulsion cylinder (6) is connected to the experimental base frame (1).

4. The wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hinge seat (8) and the guide body (5) are connected by two left and right swing cylinders (9). The cylinder bodies of the two left and right swing cylinders (9) are fixed to both sides of the outer wall of the guide body (5), and the cylinder rods of the left and right swing cylinders (9) are connected to both sides of the hinge seat (8). The lower part of the front end of the hinge seat (8) is hinged to the rear end of the cutting arm (10) through a bearing, and the upper part of the front end of the hinge seat (8) is connected to the cylinder body of the up and down swing cylinder (11). The cylinder rod of the up and down swing cylinder (11) is connected to the middle part of the cutting arm (10). The wheel type The axial direction of the cutter head (12) is perpendicular to the movement direction of the guide body (5); the wheel-type cutter head (12) includes a scraper plate, a protective plate, a wear-resistant steel plate, and a set of roller cutters with roller cutters; the main body of the wheel-type cutter head (12) is cylindrical, and the outer side of the cylindrical surface is provided with scraper plates and protective plates in sequence at intervals. The scraper plate is fixedly installed on the surface of the outer edge of the protective plate. A set of roller cutters is provided between adjacent protective plates in sequence at intervals along the circumference. The roller cutters are fixed on the wheel-type cutter head (12) by wedge-shaped pressure blocks. The bottom surface of the cylindrical shape is provided with a wear-resistant steel plate.

5. The wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: It includes two guide seats (4), which are vertically fixed on the experimental base frame (1) respectively. The two guide seats (4) are installed in sequence between the rear of the experimental base frame (1) and the experimental stone (3). The two guide seats (4) are horizontally slidably provided with guide bodies (5) inside. The guide bodies (5) are parallel to the experimental base frame (1) and the two guide seats (4) are parallel to each other.

6. The wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slag discharge mechanism includes a slag conveyor belt (13), a slag removal device (14), a conveying device (15), a lifting device (16), a slag transfer belt conveyor (17), and a slag collection box (18). The slag removal mechanism (14) is provided at the rear of the experimental base frame (1) of the experimental mechanism, and the conveying device (15) is provided at the rear of the slag removal mechanism (14). The slag conveyor belt (13) is provided inside the experimental base frame (1) of the experimental mechanism, and the front end of the slag conveyor belt (13) is located below the experimental stone (3) of the experimental mechanism. The rear end of the slag conveyor belt (13) extends to the front of the conveying device (15), and the slag removal mechanism (14) is located at the slag conveyor belt. Above the belt (13), a conveying transfer device (15) for conveying connection is provided at the rear end of the slag conveyor belt (13). The conveying device (15) is inclined upward. The conveying device (15) is fixedly installed on the experimental base frame (1) of the experimental mechanism by the support frame under its rear. A lifting device (16) is provided at the rear end of the conveying device (15). The bottom surface of the lifting device (16) is fixedly installed on the experimental base frame (1) of the experimental mechanism. A slag transfer belt conveyor (17) is provided above the lifting device (16). The slag transfer belt conveyor (17) is inclined downward, and the rear end of the slag transfer belt conveyor (17) is located above the slag collection box (18).

7. The wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: A trough for collecting slag is provided on the experimental base frame (1) directly below the wheel cutterhead (12); the guide seats (4) of the two wheel cutterhead tunneling mechanisms are parallel to each other, and the two guide seats (4) are installed sequentially between the middle of the experimental base frame (1) and the support frame (2); the axis of the wheel cutterhead (12) is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the guide body (5); the guide body (5) is rigidly connected to the connecting seat (7), the hinge seat (8), the cutting arm (10) and the wheel cutterhead (12).

8. The wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench according to claim 4, characterized in that: The slag conveyor belt (17) includes a support (1701), a retaining roller (1702), an idler roller (1703), and a belt (1704). The bottom of the slag conveyor belt (17) is provided with a support (1701), and a belt is provided above the support (1701). A retaining roller group and an idler roller group are arranged on both sides of the support (1701). The retaining roller group on each side of the support (1701) includes multiple retaining rollers (1702) arranged along the length of the belt. The idler roller group on each side of the support (1701) includes an idler roller (1703) arranged along the length of the belt. One or two idler rollers (1703) are arranged between every two adjacent retaining rollers (1702). The belt (1704) is located between the retaining roller group and the idler roller group on both sides of the support (1701) and is limited.

9. A test method for a wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: The wheel cutterhead (12) rotates continuously, controlled by the propulsion cylinder (6), the left and right swing cylinder (9) and the up and down swing cylinder (11), and the wheel cutterhead tunneling method is used to tunnel according to the set cross-sectional dimensions; Step S2: During the tunneling process, slag will be generated. The generated slag will fall into the slag conveyor belt (13) through the slag collection channel of the experimental frame (1). Step S3: The slag is transported by the slag conveyor belt (13), then gathered by the slag removal device (14), and then transported by the conveyor device (15) to the bottom of the lifting device (16), and then transferred by the lifting device (16) to the slag transfer belt conveyor (17), and finally sent into the slag collection box (18).

10. An experimental method for the wheeled cutterhead excavation and slag removal coordinated test bench as described in claim 10, characterized in that: The wheeled cutterhead tunneling method includes two types: wheeled cutterhead swing type and wheeled cutterhead propulsion type. The oscillating wheel-type cutter head includes the following steps: Step S11: The wheel cutter head (12) is kept rotating around its own axis. The wheel cutter head (12) is swung to one side of the cutter head construction surface by the left and right swing cylinder (9). The wheel cutter head (12) is pushed into the depth H by the push cylinder (6). Step S12: The wheel cutter head (12) keeps rotating around its own axis, the position of the push cylinder (6) remains unchanged, and the wheel cutter head (12) is driven by the left and right swing cylinder (9) to gradually swing and sweep from one side of the cutter head construction surface to the other side of the cutter head construction surface; Step S13: The wheel cutter head (12) continues to rotate around its own axis, the position of the left and right swing cylinder (9) remains unchanged, and the wheel cutter head (12) is pushed to continue penetrating to a certain depth H by the push cylinder (6); Step S14: The wheel cutter head (12) continues to rotate around its own axis, the position of the push cylinder (6) remains unchanged, and the wheel cutter head (12) is gradually swept to the other side of the cutter head construction surface by swinging the left and right swing cylinder (9); Step S15: Repeat steps S11 to S14 sequentially until the target penetration depth is reached and then stop penetration. The wheel-type cutter head propulsion system includes the following steps: Step S16: The wheel cutter head (12) continues to rotate around its own axis, and the position of the left and right swing cylinder (9) remains unchanged. The wheel cutter head (12) is driven by the push cylinder (6) to penetrate the experimental stone (3) until the push cylinder (6) pushes out the full stroke L. Step S17: The wheel cutter head (12) continues to rotate around its own axis, the position of the left and right swing cylinder (9) remains unchanged, and the wheel cutter head (12) is driven away from the cutter head construction surface by the push cylinder (6) and retracted to its original position; Step S18: The wheel cutterhead (12) continues to rotate around its own axis, the position of the push cylinder (6) remains unchanged, and the wheel cutterhead (12) is driven to swing to the unexcavated cutterhead construction surface by the left and right swing cylinder (9); Step S19: Repeat steps S16 to S18 in sequence until the cross-section cutting is completed.

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