Magnetic levitation vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a front-back movable planar magnetic rail maglev carrier and belongs to the field of maglev. In view of the defects of the existing maglev carrier, such as complex structure, high cost, difficult maintenance, large power consumption, mostly non-planar track, unstable suspension and difficult miniaturization, the application provides an optimization scheme: the planar magnetic rail base is a horizontal plate, the top surface of which is paved with an N / S pole alternately upward permanent magnet array; the load is vertically transmitted to the center of the suspension assembly through the center hemisphere top stand column, so that the eccentric load moment is avoided; the permanent magnet suspension assembly is opposite to the magnetic rail in the same pole to realize repulsion suspension, and the edge magnet suppresses upward and downward deviation; the transverse stability assembly senses the magnetic field through a Hall element, and the hollow coil current is adjusted to realize centering reset; electromagnetic or wind power is adopted to drive front-back movement; and a simple modular system is only responsible for transverse stability regulation and control. The application has the advantages of simplified structure, controllable cost, low power consumption, easy maintenance and easy miniaturization, and is suitable for light-weight application scenes, such as desktop, civil use and modeling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of magnetic levitation technology, specifically to a planar magnetic track levitation vehicle that can move back and forth. Background Technology

[0002] The current core technological shortcomings of maglev mainly lie in the following aspects: First, the overall structure is too complex, integrating a large number of sensors, precision control components, dedicated drive tracks and high-power power supply systems. The high degree of coupling between modules is the basis for achieving levitation and movement, which also directly leads to the high cost of the product. Whether it is a large maglev train or a small maglev test device, it requires a high investment in research and development and production. Secondly, due to its complex structure and precision core components, the subsequent maintenance costs are high, the maintenance process is cumbersome, and the professional requirements for maintenance personnel are also high, which increases the cost of long-term use. Third, in order to maintain stable levitation and propulsion, the existing magnetic levitation system needs to continuously output high-power electromagnetic energy, which results in high power consumption and low energy utilization efficiency, which does not conform to the trend of energy-saving technology development. Fourth, existing magnetic levitation vehicles all adopt non-planar track structures such as rail-hugging type and trough type. The tracks are T-shaped, U-shaped and other concave-convex nested structures, which need to be precisely matched with the vehicle's suspension structure, further increasing the overall structural complexity and also increasing the cost of track manufacturing and laying. Fifth, due to the limitations of non-planar track structure, high power consumption and precision component layout, existing magnetic levitation vehicles are difficult to miniaturize, cannot be separated from redundant large supporting systems, and are difficult to adapt to small application scenarios such as lightweight, civilian, and model-based applications. This greatly limits the application scope of magnetic levitation technology to specific fields such as large-scale rail transit and industrial heavy transportation. The aforementioned defects are interconnected and collectively restrict the promotion and application of magnetic levitation technology in miniaturized, low-cost, and universal scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a planar magnetic track levitation vehicle with a simplified structure, controllable cost, lower power consumption, easy maintenance, and easy miniaturization, while achieving stable forward and backward movement, in order to break through the bottlenecks of existing technologies and expand the application boundaries of magnetic levitation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the technical challenges of existing magnetic levitation vehicles, such as complex structures, high costs, high maintenance costs, high power consumption, and the use of non-planar track structures like rail-hugging or trough-type, which hinder miniaturization, this invention aims to provide a planar magnetic track magnetic levitation vehicle with a simplified structure, controllable cost, lower power consumption, easy maintenance, and easy miniaturization. This vehicle employs a planar magnetic track structure and can achieve stable forward and backward movement, thereby reducing the overall application cost of magnetic levitation vehicles and expanding their application scope in lightweight, civilian, and model-based small-scale scenarios. The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0004] A planar magnetic track levitation vehicle that can move back and forth includes a planar magnetic track base, a bearing platform, a permanent magnet levitation component, a lateral stabilization component, a linear drive component, and a simple control system; The planar magnetic track base is a horizontal and flat plate-like structure. Its top surface is regularly laid with a permanent magnet array to form a planar magnetic action surface. The permanent magnet array includes alternating N-pole upward magnetic track units and S-pole upward magnetic track units. It abandons non-planar track structures such as rail-hugging and slot-type, directly solves the problem of complex track structures in existing technologies, simplifies the track processing process, reduces track manufacturing costs, and adapts to the needs of miniaturized layout. The permanent magnet levitation component and the permanent magnet array on the planar magnetic track base are aligned with each other, forming a permanent magnet repulsion force to achieve contactless levitation of the load-bearing platform. This eliminates the need for continuous high-power electromagnetic energy output, directly solving the problem of high power consumption in existing technologies. The center of the permanent magnet levitation component bears the concentrated load transmitted by the load-bearing platform, while the levitation permanent magnets arranged at the edges suppress the vertical displacement of the component's edge, keeping the permanent magnet levitation component in a horizontal state at all times. This further reduces the magnitude of vertical displacement and forms a double protection with the load-bearing platform, preventing the sensing end of the lateral stabilization component from failing to maintain a horizontal orientation due to plate tilt, thus ensuring its magnetic field sensing accuracy. At the same time, the distance between the component and the planar magnetic track base can be adaptively adjusted according to changes in load to adapt to different load-bearing requirements. The lateral stabilization component is based on a permanent magnet array where Hall elements are fixed in the center of a hollow coil, with the sensing end facing the planar magnetic track base. The Hall elements sense changes in the magnetic field of the planar magnetic track base and adjust the magnitude and direction of the current in the hollow coil through a simple control system: when the vehicle shifts to the right, the Hall elements sense the change in the magnetic field, and the hollow coil generates a repulsive force on the right magnetic track unit and an attractive force on the left magnetic track unit, causing the vehicle to return to center; when the vehicle shifts to the left, the Hall elements sense the change in the magnetic field, and the hollow coil generates a repulsive force on the left magnetic track unit and an attractive force on the right magnetic track unit. The system generates an attractive force to center the vehicle, thereby suppressing the lateral deviation of the permanent magnet levitation component. The lateral stabilization component maintains its distance from the planar magnetic track base through permanent magnet repulsion. If it rotates circumferentially, the magnetic pole relationship will change, generating magnetic attraction, and it will be attracted to the planar magnetic track base, unable to maintain its own distance stability. The steering sleeve restricts circumferential rotation, allowing vertical movement and preventing changes in the weight of the load-bearing platform from affecting the stability of the lateral stabilization component. This component does not have a complex precision sensing and linkage structure, directly solving the problem of complex overall structure in existing technologies. The linear drive component uses a low-voltage, low-power coil in conjunction with a permanent magnet levitation component, or optionally a wind-powered drive module, to replace the high-power dedicated drive system. This directly solves the problems of high cost and high power consumption in existing technologies, and the structure is simple with no precision core components. The simplified control system is a modular integrated structure, which is mainly adapted to the signal reception and current regulation of the lateral stabilization component, while also being compatible with the drive control of the linear drive component. It adopts a low-cost microcontroller and drive element, without complex algorithms and precision control units, directly solving the problems of high maintenance costs and complex structures in existing technologies. The load-bearing platform includes a platform body, a semi-circular vertical ring, a hemispherical column, and an octagonal pull ring plate. Its core function is to concentrate all the unevenly distributed load on the top surface to the central hemispherical column. The bottom of the hemispherical column is fixed to the center of the permanent magnet levitation component, which can vertically transmit the concentrated load to the center of the permanent magnet levitation component, preventing the torque generated by the off-center load from being transmitted to the edge of the permanent magnet levitation component and preventing the edge from shifting vertically. At the same time, through the cooperation of the semi-circular vertical ring, the octagonal pull ring plate and the flexible cable, the edge of the load-bearing platform body is further restricted from warping, preventing the torque from being transmitted outward. This provides double protection for the stability of load bearing and force transmission, and prevents the overall levitation attitude from being damaged due to edge shift. The load-bearing platform and the permanent magnet levitation component are fixedly connected, and the two share the load bearing function. The platform can be installed and adapted to the lateral stabilization component through the matching of the support structure, the limiting steering sleeve and the limiting sleeve of the lateral stabilization component. All components are made of lightweight and low-cost materials, and each component is modularly assembled. Redundant large supporting systems can be removed, directly solving the problem of miniaturization that is difficult to achieve in existing technologies, while reducing the overall cost and subsequent maintenance costs. Preferably, the operating method of the magnetic levitation vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1. Initial Suspension: The permanent magnet levitation component is placed on the planar magnetic track base. The permanent magnet levitation component and the permanent magnet array on the planar magnetic track base generate permanent magnet repulsion, so that the support platform is stably suspended above the base. At the same time, the lateral stabilization component senses the magnetic field changes of the permanent magnet array through Hall elements. The simple control system adjusts the current according to the sensed signal to suppress the left and right deviation of the support platform and achieve stable centering. 2. Movement control: The power system receives forward or backward commands and supplies current in the corresponding direction to the linear drive component. The drive coil generates a magnetic field that interacts with the permanent magnet levitation platform, propelling the permanent magnet levitation platform to move back and forth along the magnetic track direction of the planar magnetic track base; or it switches to the wind-driven mode installed on itself, using the wind-driven module installed on itself to propel the carrier platform to complete the movement. 3. Stable docking: When the carrying platform reaches the designated position, the power system controls the linear drive component to de-energize or apply reverse braking current, and the carrying platform stops moving and remains suspended under the action of permanent magnet repulsion; in wind-driven mode, braking and docking can be achieved by reverse wind force. 4. Load adaptability: The permanent magnet levitation component will adaptively adjust the distance between itself and the planar magnetic track base according to the load requirements, adapt to different loads, and maintain low power consumption throughout the process. The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0005] To address the problem of complex structures in existing technologies, this invention adopts a minimalist structure of a planar magnetic track base, combined with modular permanent magnet levitation components, a load-bearing platform, lateral stabilization components, and linear drive components. Without precise nesting and complex linkage structures, the overall structure is greatly simplified, making assembly and debugging easier. 2. In view of the high cost of existing technologies, this invention abandons the complex processing technology of non-planar tracks such as rail-mounted and slotted tracks. The planar magnetic track base can be made of low-cost sheet metal, and all components use general low-cost components, effectively reducing the overall manufacturing cost. 3. To address the issue of high maintenance costs in existing technologies, the components of this invention are designed in a modular and independent manner. In case of failure, the corresponding parts can be directly replaced. There are no complex precision components or professional maintenance requirements, resulting in lower maintenance costs in the later stages. 4. To address the problem of high power consumption in existing technologies, this invention uses a permanent magnet levitation component to achieve levitation by relying on the repulsive force of permanent magnets. It does not require electricity, and only the driving part and the stable left and right movement component consume a small amount of power, thus significantly reducing the overall power consumption. 5. In view of the problem that existing technologies mostly use non-planar tracks such as clamp-type and groove-type tracks, the present invention adopts a horizontal and flat planar magnetic track structure, which has no grooves, no protrusions, and no complex nesting, making track laying, adjustment and expansion more convenient; 6. To address the problem of insufficient suspension attitude stability in existing technologies, this invention uses a central force transmission design on the support platform to concentrate all off-center loads to the center of the permanent magnet suspension component, thus avoiding edge torque at the source. Furthermore, the permanent magnets at the edge of the permanent magnet suspension component suppress vertical displacement of the plate surface. This dual protection ensures that the permanent magnet suspension component always remains horizontal, avoiding affecting the sensing accuracy of the lateral stabilization component and significantly improving the stability of the suspension attitude. 7. In response to the problem that existing technologies are difficult to miniaturize, the present invention has a lightweight and simplified overall structure, which can be reduced in size as needed, making it easy to achieve miniaturized designs for desktop and civilian use, and thus has a wider range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 This is an overall top view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an overall bottom view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an overall front view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front view of the permanent magnet levitation component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the permanent magnet levitation component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the stable left-right movement component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a front view of the stable left-right movement component of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a top view of the stable left-right movement component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a simplified circuit diagram of the control system of the present invention; In the diagram: 1 N-pole planar magnetic track unit, 2 S-pole planar magnetic track unit, 3 linear drive assembly, 4 limiting cover, 5 bearing platform body, 6 support structure, 7 hollow coil and Hall element assembly, 8 levitation permanent magnet, 9 limiting steering sleeve, 10 stabilizing assembly limiting sleeve, 11 current signal hole, 12 stabilizing assembly permanent magnet, 13 plate surface, 14 semi-circular vertical ring, 15 hemispherical dome column, 16 octagonal pull ring disc. Detailed Implementation

[0007] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following content. Example

[0008] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1 To be continued Figure 8 The planar magnetic track levitation vehicle that can move back and forth provided in this embodiment is composed of 1 N-pole planar magnetic track unit (N pole facing up) and 2 S-pole planar magnetic track units (S pole facing up) arranged alternately, and the magnetic pole directions of the two can be interchanged; 3. The linear drive assembly drives the magnetic levitation vehicle to move back and forth along the extension direction of the magnetic track by adjusting the current direction of the energized coil. The support platform consists of 5 platform bodies, 14 semi-circular vertical rings, 15 hemispherical columns, and 16 octagonal pull ring discs. The 5 platform bodies have a concave semi-circular groove at their center, which connects to the hemispherical end of the 15 hemispherical columns, concentrating the unevenly distributed load on the top surface to the 15 hemispherical columns. The bottom end of the 15 hemispherical columns is fixed to the center of the permanent magnet levitation assembly, vertically transferring the concentrated load to the center of the assembly, preventing torque from being transmitted to the edge of the assembly due to uneven loading and thus preventing vertical displacement. Eight 14 semi-circular vertical rings are evenly distributed below the 5 platform bodies, each connected to the 16 octagonal pull ring discs via flexible cables, preventing the platform bodies from falling and further limiting edge warping to prevent outward torque transmission. The 16 octagonal pull ring discs have a through hole in their center, connecting to the 15... The hemispherical column has a clearance fit to avoid rotational interference, and can move up and down along the column axis to facilitate adjustment of the tension of the flexible cable. The permanent magnet levitation assembly consists of 6 supporting structures, 9 limiting steering sleeves, 13 plates, and 8 levitation permanent magnets. The 13 plates are divided into an upper plate and a lower plate, which are fixedly connected by the 6 supporting structures and the 9 limiting steering sleeves. The bottom surface of the lower plate is equipped with 8 levitation permanent magnets, which are opposite to the permanent magnet array on the planar magnetic track base, forming a permanent magnet repulsion force to achieve contactless levitation. The 9 limiting steering sleeves cooperate with the 10 stabilizing component limiting sleeves of the lateral stabilizing component to restrict the circumferential rotation of the lateral stabilizing component while allowing it to move vertically along the axial direction. The levitation permanent magnet adopts a block or ring-shaped permanent magnet structure adapted to the plate surface for installation, forming a stable repulsive force with the permanent magnet array of the planar magnetic track base. Levitation permanent magnets can be placed at the center and edges of the plate surface. The permanent magnets placed at the center are used to bear the concentrated load transmitted by the load-bearing platform, improving the overall load-bearing capacity. The permanent magnets placed at the edges are used to improve the load-bearing capacity and at the same time suppress the vertical displacement of the plate surface edges, keeping the permanent magnet levitation component always in a horizontal state. When the load on the left side is too large, the left plate surface is pressed down, the distance between the levitation permanent magnet and the planar magnetic track base is reduced, and the repulsive force increases simultaneously, forming an upward restoring force. The right plate surface is then tilted up, the distance between the levitation permanent magnet and the planar magnetic track base increases, and the repulsive force decreases simultaneously, forming a downward restoring force. The two work together to greatly reduce the vertical displacement in the left and right directions. The principle of suppressing vertical displacement in the front and back directions is the same as that in the left and right directions, forming a double protection with the load-bearing platform, avoiding the impact of the plate surface tilt on the horizontal stability component's sensing end always maintaining a horizontal downward posture. The lateral stabilization assembly consists of 4 limiting covers, 7 hollow coils and Hall element assemblies, 11 current signal holes, 12 stabilization assembly permanent magnets, and 10 stabilization assembly limiting cylinders. The 4 limiting covers are fixed to the top of the 10 stabilization assembly limiting cylinders to prevent the lateral stabilization assembly from falling off when the vehicle is lifted. In the 7 hollow coils and Hall element assemblies, the Hall element is fixed inside the central cavity of the hollow coil, with its sensing end facing the planar magnetic track base. This allows for precise sensing of magnetic field changes at the poles of the magnetic track, significantly improving sensing sensitivity. The signal output end of the Hall element is electrically connected to the simple control system, outputting a sensing signal to control the direction and magnitude of the current in the hollow coil. The wires of the hollow coil and Hall element pass through the 11 current signal holes and are stably electrically connected to the simple control system, ensuring stable transmission of the current control signal and sensing signal of the lateral stabilization assembly. The 12 stabilization assembly permanent magnets are fixed in the middle of the lateral stabilization assembly, facing the same poles of the permanent magnet array on the planar magnetic track base, generating permanent magnetic repulsion to levitate the lateral stabilization assembly. The 10 stabilization assembly limiting cylinders and 9... The core functions of the limiting sleeve gap fitting are twofold: first, it restricts the circumferential rotation of the stabilizing component's limiting sleeve, thereby preventing the lateral stabilizing component from rotating as a whole and avoiding changes in its magnetic pole alignment that could cause magnetic attraction and adsorption onto the planar magnetic track base; second, it does not restrict the axial vertical movement of the stabilizing component's limiting sleeve and the permanent magnet levitation component. When the load on the platform changes, the permanent magnet levitation component can buffer the force generated by the load through axial vertical movement, preventing this force from being transmitted to the lateral stabilizing component and thus preventing changes in the weight or force on the lateral stabilizing component. This ensures that the distance between the lateral stabilizing component and the planar magnetic track base remains constant, guaranteeing its magnetic field induction accuracy and force control effect. At the same time, the closer the distance between the hollow coil and the planar magnetic track base, the greater the electromagnetic force generated under the same current, which can further reduce component power consumption. Example

[0009] Based on Example 1, this embodiment provides multiple vehicle combination schemes and drive expansion schemes: multiple magnetic levitation vehicles can be used in series, and the connectors of adjacent vehicles adopt a flexible structure design that allows slight left and right and front and back displacements to avoid mutual interference caused by attitude differences when multiple vehicles are connected in series; in addition to electromagnetic drive, the vehicle can also be driven by wind power installed on the vehicle itself, without the need to lay out drive coils, further adapting to application scenarios with low power consumption and minimal layout.

[0010] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planar magnetic levitation vehicle capable of moving back and forth, characterized in that, It includes a planar magnetic track base, a load-bearing platform, a permanent magnet levitation component, a lateral stabilization component, a linear drive component, and a simple control system; The planar magnetic track base is a horizontal and flat plate-like structure, and its top surface is regularly laid with a permanent magnet array to form a planar magnetic action surface. The permanent magnet array includes alternating N-pole upward magnetic track units and S-pole upward magnetic track units. The bearing platform is fixedly connected to the permanent magnet levitation component and includes a bearing platform body, a semi-circular vertical ring, a hemispherical column, and an octagonal pull ring plate. It can concentrate the unevenly distributed load on the top surface to the central hemispherical column. The bottom end of the hemispherical column is fixed to the center position of the permanent magnet levitation component, and the concentrated load is vertically transmitted to the center of the permanent magnet levitation component. The permanent magnet levitation component and the permanent magnet array on the planar magnetic track base are opposite each other with the same pole, forming a permanent magnet repulsion force to achieve contactless levitation of the bearing platform. Its center position bears the concentrated load transmitted by the bearing platform, and the levitation permanent magnets arranged at the edge can suppress the vertical displacement of the component plate edge, keep the permanent magnet levitation component in a horizontal state, and can adaptively adjust the distance between it and the planar magnetic track base according to the load change. The core of the lateral stabilization component is a permanent magnet array with Hall elements fixed in the middle of a hollow coil and the sensing end facing the planar magnetic track base. The Hall elements sense changes in the magnetic field of the planar magnetic track base and adjust the magnitude and direction of the current in the hollow coil through a simple control system to suppress the left and right deviation of the permanent magnet levitation component. The lateral stabilization component stabilizes its distance from the planar magnetic track base through permanent magnet repulsion and restricts circumferential rotation by limiting the cooperation between the steering sleeve and the stabilization component limiting sleeve, while allowing axial up and down movement. The linear drive assembly uses a low-voltage, low-power coil in conjunction with a permanent magnet levitation assembly, or optionally a wind-powered drive module, to drive the vehicle to move back and forth along the magnetic track. The simplified control system is a modular integrated structure used to receive the Hall element sensing signal from the lateral stabilization component and to regulate the magnitude and direction of the current in the hollow coil.

2. The planar magnetic levitation vehicle capable of moving back and forth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing platform body has a concave semi-circular groove at its center, which fits and connects with the hemispherical end of the hemispherical column. Multiple semi-circular vertical rings are evenly arranged below the bearing platform body. Each semi-circular vertical ring is connected to an octagonal pull ring plate via a flexible cable. The octagonal pull ring plate has a through hole at its center that fits with the gap of the hemispherical column, which can be moved along the column axis to adjust the tension of the flexible cable.

3. The planar magnetic levitation vehicle capable of moving back and forth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnet levitation assembly includes a support structure, a steering limiting sleeve, a plate surface, and a levitation permanent magnet. The plate surface is divided into an upper plate surface and a lower plate surface, which are fixedly connected by the support structure and the steering limiting sleeve. The levitation permanent magnet is installed on the lower plate surface, and levitation permanent magnets are evenly distributed at the center and edges of the plate surface.

4. The planar magnetic levitation vehicle capable of moving back and forth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral stabilizing component includes a limiting cover, a hollow coil and Hall element assembly, a current signal hole, a stabilizing component permanent magnet, and a stabilizing component limiting cylinder. The limiting cover is fixed to the top of the stabilizing component limiting cylinder, and the stabilizing component permanent magnet is fixed to the middle part of the lateral stabilizing component. It forms a repulsive force with the permanent magnet array of the planar magnetic track base, so that the lateral stabilizing component can be independently suspended.

5. The planar magnetic levitation vehicle capable of moving back and forth according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stabilizing component limiting sleeve and the limiting steering sleeve are fitted together with a gap to limit the circumferential rotation of the lateral stabilizing component, while not limiting the axial vertical movement of the stabilizing component limiting sleeve and the permanent magnet levitation component.

6. The planar magnetic levitation vehicle capable of moving back and forth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Hall element of the lateral stabilization component is fixed in the central cavity of the hollow coil and can sense the magnetic field changes of the two poles of the magnetic track. When the vehicle shifts to the right, the hollow coil generates a repulsive force on the right magnetic track unit and an attractive force on the left magnetic track unit to reset the vehicle to the center. When the vehicle shifts to the left, the hollow coil generates a repulsive force on the left magnetic track unit and an attractive force on the right magnetic track unit to reset the vehicle to the center.

7. The planar magnetic levitation vehicle capable of moving back and forth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simplified control system uses a low-cost microcontroller and drive components, and is only responsible for signal processing and current regulation of the lateral stabilization component, or is also compatible with the drive control of the linear drive component.

8. The planar magnetic levitation vehicle capable of moving back and forth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear drive assembly is equipped with an independent power system, which is used to receive forward, reverse and stop commands, and control the on / off state, current direction and magnitude of the linear drive assembly.

9. The planar magnetic levitation vehicle capable of moving back and forth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicles can be used in series in multiple sets, and the connectors between adjacent vehicles adopt a flexible structure that allows slight displacement to the left, right, front, and back.

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