5g-a base station prach multi-terminal capacity stress test method

Abstract

The application discloses a 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method, and relates to the technical field of base station performance test.The application successively carries out downlink synchronization and SSB analysis, CORESET0 positioning and analysis, SIB1 message analysis and PRACH parameter extraction, available PRACH resource global combing, high-density concurrent PRACH access scheduling and PRACH special capacity and stress performance statistical test, does not need to simulate terminal complete network access, high-layer signaling interaction and service transmission process, completely strips off the interference of irrelevant factors such as high-layer protocol, service scheduling and bearing management, only carries out special test on the PRACH signal receiving, demodulation, analysis and conflict processing capacity of the most core 5G-A base station, realizes accurate acquisition of the bottom layer random access limit capacity and pressure resistance performance of the 5G-A base station, adapts to the high-frequency test demand of 5G-A base station mass production rapid detection, module special verification and iterative optimization, and provides technical support for commercial landing of the 5G-A base station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of base station performance testing technology, specifically to a 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method. Background Technology

[0002] As an enhanced evolution of 5G technology, 5G-A, relying on enhanced features such as ultra-large bandwidth, ultra-large-scale MIMO, ultra-high reliability and ultra-low latency, and massive machine-type communication, fully supports emerging ultra-high density and ultra-high concurrency business scenarios such as XR immersive experience, industrial internet, massive IoT terminal access, and high-definition real-time transmission. It has become the core direction for the commercial deployment and technological iteration of current mobile communication networks.

[0003] Compared to traditional 5G base stations, 5G-A base stations significantly improve multi-user concurrent access capabilities, cell connection density, and resource scheduling limits. They are particularly optimized for service processing performance under scenarios of massive terminal instantaneous access and sudden access storms, supporting concurrent access by thousands of terminals in a single cell. This meets the service needs of high-density terminal networking scenarios such as intelligent manufacturing, smart homes, and smart cities. Massive terminal instantaneous access generates large-scale PRACH random access signals in a short period, placing extremely high demands on the base station's physical layer PRACH signal reception, demodulation, parsing, and conflict handling capabilities. Therefore, extreme capacity and stress testing of the base station's PRACH module has become a key task in the R&D and optimization of 5G-A base stations.

[0004] Currently, the industry's multi-terminal capacity stress testing solutions for 5G / 5G-A base stations are mainly divided into two categories: one is the mainstream full protocol stack terminal simulation test, and the other is the base station optimization solution for PRACH algorithm and resource configuration. Both types of solutions have obvious defects: they cannot meet the needs of lightweight and specialized PRACH stress testing.

[0005] First, while existing mainstream full-protocol stack testing solutions can assess the overall protocol stack and service carrying capacity of a base station, their protocol interaction links are lengthy and the test architecture is complex, consuming a great deal of computing power and air interface resources from the test equipment. At the same time, factors such as higher-layer signaling interaction, changes in bearer status, and service traffic scheduling can interfere with the test results, making it impossible to isolate irrelevant variables and thus difficult to purely and accurately test the instantaneous processing capacity of the base station's underlying PRACH signals, and unable to effectively reproduce extreme operating conditions under short-term PRACH access storms.

[0006] Second, traditional full-stack testing has low utilization of air interface PRACH resources. During the test, each simulated terminal directly enters the subsequent higher-layer signaling and service processes after completing a single random access. It cannot fully utilize all PRACH time-domain and frequency-domain resources of the cell within the same time window, making it difficult to launch a large number of PRACH signals in a short period of time. This makes it impossible to put high-intensity pressure on the base station's PRACH receiving, demodulation, and conflict handling modules, and thus it is impossible to accurately obtain the base station's random access capacity limit.

[0007] Third, the traditional full-protocol stack testing process is redundant and complex, difficult to deploy, has a long testing cycle, and high hardware and manpower costs. It cannot achieve rapid and batch specialized testing, lacks flexibility, and has too high usage costs, making it difficult to apply to high-frequency testing scenarios such as module under investigation and rapid production line testing during the base station R&D stage.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a multi-terminal capacity stress test method for 5G-A base station PRACH to achieve capacity and stress test of the short-term massive PRACH signal reception and resolution capability of 5G-A base station. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing full-protocol stack multi-terminal capacity testing methods, such as redundancy, complexity, poor targeting, and inability to focus on underlying access performance. It proposes a 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress testing method that focuses solely on the underlying PRACH random access performance of the 5G-A base station. By accurately analyzing downlink SSB, CORESET0, and SIB1 parameters, it comprehensively mines conflict-free available PRACH resources and intensively and batch-launches massive PRACH signals in a short period of time to simulate a sudden scenario of large-scale terminal instantaneous access. This method specifically tests the 5G-A base station's ability to receive, demodulate, and process massive PRACH signals, achieving lightweight and highly efficient base station access capacity and stress testing.

[0010] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for multi-terminal capacity stress testing of 5G-A base station PRACH, which implements stress testing based on the air interface underlying PRACH signal, includes the following steps: Step 1: Downlink synchronization and SSB resolution; The test equipment listens to the downlink air interface signal of the 5G-A base station. After completing the downlink time domain and frequency domain synchronization using the 5G-A enhanced synchronization algorithm, it captures the SSB synchronization signal block sent by the base station to obtain the SSB signal, demodulates and analyzes the SSB signal to obtain the SSB parameters. Step 2, CORESET0 location and analysis; Based on the SSB parameters obtained from the analysis, and in accordance with the 3GPP 5G-A protocol specification, CORESET0 associated with the SSB signal is locked. The time-domain symbols, frequency-domain resource blocks, and search space parameters corresponding to CORESET0 are traversed. The PDCCH demodulation parameters and downlink scheduling configuration parameters of CORESET0 are analyzed to determine the signaling transmission rules for system message scheduling. Step 3, SIB1 message parsing and PRACH parameter extraction; According to the PDCCH signaling schedule carried by CORESET0, receive and parse the SIB1 system message sent by the base station, and extract the PRACH configuration parameters configured by the 5G-A base station from the SIB1 message; Step 4: Use PRACH resources to perform a full domain scan; Based on the extracted PRACH configuration parameters, the time-domain and frequency-domain resource grids of the current cell are traversed. Resource conflict detection is performed from three dimensions: time-domain time slot overlap, frequency-domain resource block overlap, and preamble sequence collision. All available PRACH resources that are non-overlapping, non-conflicting, and can be used for random terminal access are selected. A mapping table of available PRACH resources containing time-domain time slots, frequency-domain resource blocks, and preamble numbers is constructed to complete the overall planning of access resources. Step 5, High-density concurrent PRACH access scheduling; Based on the available PRACH resource mapping table and following the principle of no resource conflict, the access time slot interval is compressed in the time domain and all idle frequency domain resources are reused in the frequency domain to densely arrange PRACH access tasks. Within the same time window, the multi-channel concurrency capability is invoked to simultaneously initiate multiple independent PRACH preamble signals on different available PRACH resources to simulate the short-term access storm formed when a large number of terminals simultaneously initiate random access attempts to the 5G-A base station. Step 6, PRACH-specific capacity and pressure performance statistical testing; Continuously sending PRACH signals in high-density batches, stress testing is conducted only on the base station's underlying access capabilities. Core underlying indicators of the base station for massive PRACH signals are collected in real time to quantitatively evaluate the 5G-A base station's limit capacity and stress resistance to handle massive PRACH burst signals in a short period of time, and complete the PRACH multi-terminal access stress test.

[0011] Preferably, the SSB parameters include frequency point location, time slot configuration, beam parameters, and synchronization timing.

[0012] Preferably, the PRACH configuration parameters include PRACH frequency domain resource location, time domain access slot, preamble sequence, resource period, access subframe configuration, and collision avoidance rules.

[0013] Preferably, the resource conflict detection includes time-domain time slot overlap detection, frequency-domain resource block overlap detection, and preamble sequence conflict detection, which are used to eliminate invalid PRACH resources that have resource preemption or sequence collision, so that each PRACH access signal is independent and free from interference.

[0014] Preferably, during the formation of the short-term access storm, the access density is dynamically adjusted according to the station's PRACH resource cycle, maximizing the arrangement of access tasks during resource-idle periods and balancing the access sequence during resource-intensive periods.

[0015] Preferably, the core underlying metrics of the massive PRACH signals include reception success rate, parsing accuracy, signal processing latency, collision handling capability, and the number of signals dropped beyond the limit.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention proposes a 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method, which is highly targeted and accurately focuses on the core performance of the underlying layer. Unlike the traditional full protocol stack test method, this invention does not require simulating the complete terminal network access, high-layer signaling interaction and service transmission process, and completely removes the interference of irrelevant factors such as high-layer protocols, service scheduling, and bearer management. It only conducts special tests on the core PRACH signal reception, demodulation, parsing and conflict handling capabilities of the 5G-A base station. It can purely and accurately obtain the limit capacity and stress resistance performance of the base station's underlying random access, and solves the problem that the traditional base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method cannot accurately locate the bottleneck of the underlying access performance.

[0017] (2) This invention proposes a multi-terminal capacity stress test method for 5G-A base station PRACH, which maximizes air interface resource utilization and significantly improves the test limit. This invention performs a full-domain traversal to screen all available PRACH resources and achieves conflict-free high-density access scheduling through a three-dimensional resource mapping table. It fully explores the idle resources in the time and frequency domains of 5G-A base stations. Compared with the traditional fixed resource access method, it can initiate several times more concurrent access requests than the traditional method, which greatly increases the number of simulated terminals in a single test. It can accurately reach the capacity limit of the 5G-A base station PRACH module and fully verify the extreme access performance of the 5G-A base station.

[0018] (3) This invention proposes a multi-terminal capacity stress test method for 5G-A base station PRACH, which is lightweight, low-cost, and significantly improves test efficiency. This invention greatly simplifies the multi-terminal capacity stress test process for 5G-A base station PRACH, abandons the redundant configuration and interaction links of the entire protocol stack, and has lower requirements for the computing power, air interface resources, and test environment of the test equipment. It is simple to deploy, has a short test time, and the manpower and hardware costs are far lower than the traditional full protocol stack test scheme. It can achieve multiple repeated stress tests in a short time, and is suitable for the high-frequency test requirements of 5G-A base station mass production rapid detection, module-specific verification, and iterative optimization. It has strong practicality.

[0019] (4) This invention proposes a multi-terminal capacity stress testing method for 5G-A base station PRACH, which has strong test stability, excellent anti-interference ability, and strong adaptability, taking into account both limitations and scenario complementarity. This invention avoids various access conflicts by adding a multi-dimensional resource conflict detection mechanism in the time domain, frequency domain, and preamble sequence, effectively avoiding access anomalies and data distortion, ensuring independent and stable transmission of multiple concurrent access signals, and making the test process controllable, repeatable, and the test data stable and reliable. At the same time, it accurately fills the industry gap and can be used specifically for extreme stress and capacity threshold verification of base station PRACH access modules, complementing traditional full protocol stack testing. Furthermore, this invention can quickly verify the underlying signal processing stability of 5G-A base stations under massive terminal instantaneous access storms, accurately support the optimization of base station underlying access algorithms and the tuning of PRACH parameter configuration, and contribute to the performance iteration and commercial deployment of 5G-A base stations. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the available resource filtering and high-density access scheduling of PRACH according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the statistical indicators of multi-terminal concurrent access test in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] This invention proposes a multi-terminal capacity stress testing method for 5G-A base station PRACH, such as... Figure 1As shown, stress testing is implemented based on the air interface PRACH signal. A lightweight, low-level dedicated test architecture, conflict-free, high-density concurrent scheduling of PRACH across the entire domain, and pure physical layer access performance evaluation are combined to accurately assess the extreme processing capacity and stress resistance performance of a 5G-A base station under short-term massive PRACH burst access. The specific steps include: Step 1: Downlink synchronization and SSB resolution.

[0025] The test equipment listens to the downlink air interface signal of the 5G-A base station. After completing the downlink time domain and frequency domain synchronization using the 5G-A enhanced synchronization algorithm, it captures the SSB synchronization signal block sent by the base station to obtain the SSB signal. The SSB signal is demodulated and parsed to obtain SSB parameters including frequency point location, time slot configuration, beam parameters, and synchronization timing.

[0026] Step 2, CORESET0 location and analysis.

[0027] Based on the parsed SSB parameters, and in accordance with the 3GPP 5G-A protocol specification, CORESET0 associated with the SSB signal is locked. CORESET0 is a dedicated control resource set bound to the Type 0-PDCCH common search space, used to carry DCI 1_0 for scheduling SIB1. The time domain symbols, frequency domain resource blocks, and search space parameters corresponding to CORESET0 are traversed, and the PDCCH demodulation parameters and downlink scheduling configuration parameters of CORESET0 are parsed to determine the signaling transmission rules for system message scheduling.

[0028] Step 3: SIB1 message parsing and PRACH parameter extraction.

[0029] According to the PDCCH signaling scheduling carried by CORESET0, the SIB1 system message sent by the base station is received and parsed. The PRACH configuration parameters configured by the 5G-A base station are extracted from the SIB1 message. The PRACH configuration parameters include PRACH frequency domain resource location, time domain access slot, preamble sequence, resource period, access subframe configuration, and collision avoidance rules.

[0030] Step 4: Use PRACH resources to perform a full domain scan.

[0031] Based on the extracted PRACH configuration parameters, the time-domain and frequency-domain resource grids of the current cell are traversed. Resource conflict detection is performed from three dimensions: time-domain time slot overlap, frequency-domain resource block overlap, and preamble sequence collision. All available PRACH resources that are non-overlapping, non-conflicting, and can be used for random terminal access are selected. An available PRACH resource mapping table containing time-domain time slots, frequency-domain resource blocks, and preamble numbers is constructed to complete the overall planning of access resources.

[0032] Specifically, the resource conflict detection includes time-domain time slot overlap detection, frequency-domain resource block overlap detection, and preamble sequence conflict detection, which are used to eliminate invalid PRACH resources that have resource preemption or sequence collision, so that each PRACH access signal is independent and interference-free.

[0033] Step 5, High-density concurrent PRACH access scheduling.

[0034] Based on the available PRACH resource mapping table and following the principle of no resource conflicts, the access time slot interval is compressed in the time domain and all idle frequency domain resources are reused in the frequency domain to densely arrange PRACH access tasks. Within the same time window, the multi-channel concurrency capability is invoked to simultaneously initiate multiple independent PRACH preamble signals on different available PRACH resources to simulate the short-term access storm formed when a large number of terminals simultaneously initiate random access attempts to the 5G-A base station.

[0035] Specifically, during the formation of the short-term access storm, the access density is dynamically adjusted according to the station's PRACH resource cycle. Access tasks are maximized during resource-idle periods, and access timing is balanced during resource-intensive periods to achieve efficient utilization of air interface resources, minimize access test duration, and simulate a real massive terminal access storm scenario.

[0036] Step 6, PRACH specific capacity and pressure performance statistical test.

[0037] The system continuously sends PRACH signals in high-density batches, conducting stress tests only on the base station's underlying access capabilities without requiring higher-level signaling interaction or service transmission. It collects data in real time on the base station's success rate in receiving massive amounts of PRACH signals, parsing accuracy, signal processing latency, conflict handling capabilities, and the number of signals dropped beyond the limit. It also removes interference from higher-level protocols and service scheduling, quantitatively assessing the 5G-A base station's maximum capacity and resilience in handling massive PRACH bursts within a short period of time, and completing the stress test for multi-terminal PRACH access.

[0038] Therefore, the method of this invention adopts a combination of lightweight underlying specialized test architecture, global conflict-free PRACH high-density concurrent scheduling, and pure physical layer access performance evaluation to achieve accurate evaluation of the extreme processing capacity and stress resistance performance of 5G-A base stations when experiencing short-term massive PRACH burst access.

[0039] This embodiment adopts a closed-loop lightweight special test process, which is different from the traditional 5G-A base station PRACH special capacity and stress performance statistical test method. There is no RRC connection establishment, no high-level signaling interaction, and no service bearer establishment throughout the process. Only the core links of underlying air interface synchronization, parameter parsing, PRACH batch concurrency, and underlying performance statistics are retained.

[0040] In this embodiment, PRACH resource filtering and high-density access scheduling are handled using a layered architecture, such as... Figure 2 As shown, by Figure 2 Thus, the first layer consists of all PRACH resources in the cell, used to distinguish between idle resources and various conflicting resources; the second layer uses triple conflict detection to filter resources and retain valid resources; the third layer initiates PRACH signals in parallel on resources in different time slots and frequency domains to achieve dense time-frequency domain arrangement and zero-conflict concurrency.

[0041] Furthermore, the multi-terminal concurrent access test process in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the multi-terminal concurrent access test adopts a three-layer architecture, consisting of a data acquisition layer, a special statistics layer, and a performance evaluation layer from top to bottom. The method of this invention only collects, counts, and analyzes PRACH physical layer related data, completely eliminating high-level protocol and service data, highlighting the purity of the special test, effectively avoiding interference from irrelevant factors on the test results, and accurately completing the quantitative evaluation and bottleneck location of the base station's PRACH processing capability.

[0042] In summary, this invention differs from traditional 5G-A base station multi-terminal capacity testing methods. It enables testing of the overall access capacity and service throughput of the base station. Compared to traditional 5G-A base station multi-terminal capacity testing schemes that require all high-level protocol processes such as RRC connection establishment, signaling interaction, bearer establishment, and service data transmission, this invention only retains the underlying core steps of downlink synchronization, SSB parsing, CORESET0 parsing, SIB1 parameter parsing, PRACH resource filtering, and concurrent PRACH signal transmission, completely eliminating the interference of high-level protocols and service mechanisms on the test results. Meanwhile, this invention constructs a conflict-free three-dimensional resource mapping model by traversing all PRACH time-domain, frequency-domain, and preamble resources configured in SIB1. Within an extremely short time window, it achieves full-load, high-density, and large-scale concurrent injection of PRACH signals in the time and frequency domains, forming a terminal instantaneous access storm scenario. This simulates a short-term access storm formed when a massive number of terminals simultaneously initiate random access attempts to the 5G-A base station. Furthermore, it only collects physical layer indicators such as PRACH reception, demodulation, parsing, conflict handling, and signal dropping at the base station's underlying layer, enabling an accurate assessment of the 5G-A base station's extreme processing capacity and stress resistance performance during short-term massive PRACH burst access.

[0043] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for multi-terminal capacity stress testing of a 5G-A base station PRACH, characterized in that, Stress testing based on the underlying PRACH signal of the air interface includes the following steps: Step 1: Downlink synchronization and SSB resolution; The test equipment listens to the downlink air interface signal of the 5G-A base station. After completing the downlink time domain and frequency domain synchronization using the 5G-A enhanced synchronization algorithm, it captures the SSB synchronization signal block sent by the base station to obtain the SSB signal, demodulates and analyzes the SSB signal to obtain the SSB parameters. Step 2, CORESET0 location and analysis; Based on the SSB parameters obtained from the analysis, and in accordance with the 3GPP 5G-A protocol specification, CORESET0 associated with the SSB signal is locked. The time-domain symbols, frequency-domain resource blocks, and search space parameters corresponding to CORESET0 are traversed. The PDCCH demodulation parameters and downlink scheduling configuration parameters of CORESET0 are analyzed to determine the signaling transmission rules for system message scheduling. Step 3, SIB1 message parsing and PRACH parameter extraction; According to the PDCCH signaling schedule carried by CORESET0, receive and parse the SIB1 system message sent by the base station, and extract the PRACH configuration parameters configured by the 5G-A base station from the SIB1 message; Step 4: Use PRACH resources to perform a full domain scan; Based on the extracted PRACH configuration parameters, the time-domain and frequency-domain resource grids of the current cell are traversed. Resource conflict detection is performed from three dimensions: time-domain time slot overlap, frequency-domain resource block overlap, and preamble sequence collision. All available PRACH resources that are non-overlapping, non-conflicting, and can be used for random terminal access are selected. A mapping table of available PRACH resources containing time-domain time slots, frequency-domain resource blocks, and preamble numbers is constructed to complete the overall planning of access resources. Step 5, High-density concurrent PRACH access scheduling; Based on the available PRACH resource mapping table and following the principle of no resource conflict, the access time slot interval is compressed in the time domain and all idle frequency domain resources are reused in the frequency domain to densely arrange PRACH access tasks. Within the same time window, the multi-channel concurrency capability is invoked to simultaneously initiate multiple independent PRACH preamble signals on different available PRACH resources to simulate the short-term access storm formed when a large number of terminals simultaneously initiate random access attempts to the 5G-A base station. Step 6, PRACH-specific capacity and pressure performance statistical testing; Continuously sending PRACH signals in high-density batches, stress testing is conducted only on the base station's underlying access capabilities. Core underlying indicators of the base station for massive PRACH signals are collected in real time to quantitatively evaluate the 5G-A base station's limit capacity and stress resistance to handle massive PRACH burst signals in a short period of time, and complete the PRACH multi-terminal access stress test.

2. The 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The SSB parameters include frequency location, time slot configuration, beam parameters, and synchronization timing.

3. The 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PRACH configuration parameters include PRACH frequency domain resource location, time domain access slot, preamble sequence, resource period, access subframe configuration, and collision avoidance rules.

4. The 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resource conflict detection includes time-domain time slot overlap detection, frequency-domain resource block overlap detection, and preamble sequence conflict detection, which are used to eliminate invalid PRACH resources that have resource preemption or sequence collision, so that each PRACH access signal is independent and free from interference.

5. The 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the formation of the short-term access storm, the access density is dynamically adjusted according to the station's PRACH resource cycle. Access tasks are maximized during resource-idle periods, and access timing is balanced during resource-intensive periods.

6. The 5G-A base station PRACH multi-terminal capacity stress test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core underlying metrics of the massive PRACH signals include reception success rate, parsing accuracy, signal processing latency, collision handling capability, and the number of signals dropped beyond the limit.

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