Method and apparatus for supporting a perception service in a wireless communication system

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and apparatus for supporting a perception service in a wireless communication system. The method includes receiving, from a first network node, perception service information associated with a perception service, wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one criterion for triggering the perception service, and performing at least one operation associated with the perception service based on the perception service information and the at least one criterion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for supporting sensing services in a wireless communication system. Background Technology

[0002] Sensing services in mobile communication systems are used to acquire contextual information about the surrounding environment, and their applications include detection, localization, tracking, image generation, and feature extraction. With the integration of communication and sensing capabilities, future systems such as advanced 5G and 6G are expected to support a wide range of use cases, including autonomous driving, drone operation, industrial automation, and health monitoring. These services can involve user equipment (UE) participating in sensing operations initiated or controlled by a base station (BS).

[0003] In some scenarios, even when the UE is in a disconnected state (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) IDLE or INACTIVE), it may still be able to assist in sensing tasks by supplementing sensing coverage or providing necessary measurement data. How to effectively coordinate the UE's participation in sensing operations under different RRC states and how to make appropriate responses based on environmental information have become significant technical challenges in advanced mobile sensing systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for supporting sensing services in a wireless communication system.

[0005] The independent claims are provided with respect to several aspects. Several other aspects are defined in the dependent claims.

[0006] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a method for a user equipment (UE) (used in or performed by the UE). The method includes: receiving sensing service information associated with a sensing service from a first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service; and performing at least one operation associated with the sensing service based on the sensing service information and the at least one criterion.

[0007] This disclosure provides a user equipment, the user equipment including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to at least: receive sensing service information associated with a sensing service from a first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one standard that triggers the sensing service; and perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service based on the sensing service information and the at least one standard.

[0008] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a user equipment comprising: a component for receiving sensing service information associated with a sensing service from a first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service; and a component for performing at least one operation associated with the sensing service based on the sensing service information and the at least one criterion.

[0009] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a method for a network node (used in or performed by the network node). The method includes: sending sensing service information associated with a sensing service to a user equipment (UE), wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service, and the sensing service information and the at least one criterion allow the UE to perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service accordingly; and receiving from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the sensing service.

[0010] This disclosure provides a network node comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network node to at least: send sensing service information associated with a sensing service to a user equipment (UE), wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one standard that triggers the sensing service, and the sensing service information and the at least one standard allow the UE to perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service accordingly; and receive from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the sensing service.

[0011] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a network node comprising: a component for transmitting sensing service information associated with a sensing service to a user equipment (UE), wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one standard that triggers the sensing service, and the sensing service information and the at least one standard allow the UE to perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service accordingly; and a component for receiving from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the sensing service.

[0012] This disclosure provides a method for a core network entity, the method comprising: configuring perception service information associated with a perception service, wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one standard that triggers the perception service, and the perception service information and the at least one standard allow a user device (UE) to perform at least one operation associated with the perception service accordingly; and receiving from the UE a first perception result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the perception service.

[0013] This disclosure provides a core network entity, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the core network entity to at least: configure perception service information associated with a perception service, wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one standard that triggers the perception service, and the perception service information and the at least one standard allow a user device (UE) to perform at least one operation associated with the perception service accordingly; and receive from the UE a first perception result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the perception service.

[0014] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a core network entity comprising: a component for configuring perception service information associated with a perception service, wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one standard that triggers the perception service, and the perception service information and the at least one standard allow a user device (UE) to perform at least one operation associated with the perception service accordingly; and a component for receiving from the UE a first perception result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the perception service.

[0015] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the methods described above. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 It shows that according to Figure 1 A flowchart of methods for supporting awareness services;

[0019] Figure 3 A flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0022] Figure 6 A flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0023] Figure 7 A flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an apparatus in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; and

[0025] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the ISAC architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It is readily understood that, as generally described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, components of certain example embodiments can be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. The following is a detailed description of some example embodiments of systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for implementing a physical service communication proxy domain.

[0027] The features, structures, or characteristics of the exemplary embodiments described throughout this specification may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more exemplary embodiments. For example, the use of the phrases “specific embodiment,” “exemplary embodiment,” or “some embodiments” throughout this specification refers to the fact that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with one embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the appearance of the phrases “in some embodiments,” “exemplary embodiment,” “in some embodiments,” or other similar language throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same set of embodiments, and the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more exemplary embodiments.

[0028] Furthermore, if necessary, the different functions or processes discussed below may be executed in different orders and / or simultaneously with each other. Additionally, if necessary, one or more of the described functions or processes may be optional or may be combined. Therefore, the following description should be considered merely as illustrating the principles and teachings of certain exemplary embodiments, and not as limiting thereto.

[0029] The primary objective of sensing services is to provide environmental awareness around sensing devices. This includes, but is not limited to: detecting, locating, and tracking objects; generating images; and / or extracting features for identification or classification purposes.

[0030] Recent developments in Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology demonstrate that high-throughput communication and high-resolution sensing can be supported simultaneously using the same hardware infrastructure and spectrum resources. This integration enhances overall sensing capabilities, addresses the limitations of traditional sensing in certain scenarios (e.g., high-resolution sensing in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environments or during rapid movement), improves spectrum efficiency through shared spectrum usage, and reduces overall hardware costs through system integration.

[0031] ISAC technology is applicable to a wide range of vertical use cases. According to the 3GPP SA1 Release 19 technical report (3GPP TR22.837, e.g., V19.4.0), various application scenarios and corresponding technical requirements are defined, including but not limited to: (1) intrusion detection (e.g., intruder detection in smart homes, pedestrian / animal detection on roads); (2) support for autonomous driving (e.g., perception-assisted vehicle operation and navigation, parking space detection); (3) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operation (e.g., flight path tracking, network-assisted collision avoidance); (4) smart factory operation (e.g., detection and tracking of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) to prevent collisions); (5) environmental and weather monitoring (e.g., rainfall, pollution, floods); (6) health monitoring (e.g., fall detection, non-contact sleep monitoring, home health monitoring); (7) extended reality (XR) applications that require spatial awareness.

[0032] In these applications, the UE can support or assist sensing operations initiated by the BS. For example, the BS can use Position Reference Signal (PRS) resources to send sensing signals and receive reflected signals to detect surrounding objects. Notably, a UE in RRCIDLE or RRC INACTIVE state can still assist in sensing based on its current location to help fill sensing "coverage gaps" or provide missing measurement data.

[0033] This assistance becomes particularly important for long-duration or continuous sensing operations, such as uninterrupted sensing, or in emergency sensing operations initiated by the BS.

[0034] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fast and efficient method to configure UEs to collect PRS-based sensing measurements, regardless of their current RRC status.

[0035] This disclosure provides a method and apparatus for supporting sensing services in a wireless communication system.

[0036] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 1 The methods described herein can be implemented by the UE, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0037] In step S110, the UE receives sensing service information associated with the sensing service from the first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service.

[0038] In one embodiment, the first network node can refer to any network entity that participates in initiating, coordinating, or supporting the sensing service. For example, the first network node can be a BS, such as a gNB in ​​a 5G network or an eNB in ​​an LTE network, or a sensing radio unit (SRU) configured to transmit sensing signals, receive sensing results, and manage sensing-related operations.

[0039] In one embodiment, the perception service information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the perception service includes at least one of the following: (1) first information associated with at least one of the at least one perception criterion, wherein the at least one perception criterion is associated with the UE’s participation in the perception service; or (2) second information associated with at least one of the at least one reporting criterion, wherein the at least one reporting criterion is associated with triggering the reporting of perception results from the UE.

[0040] In one embodiment, the first information includes at least one of the following: the target sensing area; at least one sensing requirement; the object type of the sensing service; the reporting format of the sensing service; or an emergency instruction indicating whether the sensing service is due to an emergency.

[0041] In one example, the target sensing area is the space in which the network (or “cell”) wants the UE to participate in sensing. This area can be described in the following ways: (i) by providing precise GPS coordinates to indicate a specific location, or (ii) by using a general reference based on cell location, such as saying that the area is located at the “cell edge”, “cell middle”, or in a certain direction, such as north, south, east, or west.

[0042] In one example, the object type of the perception service refers to the kind of object the system is trying to detect, such as a person, vehicle, or drone.

[0043] In one example, the reporting format of the perception service instructs the UE on how to send back perception results. For example, the reporting format may include at least one of an object map, a three-dimensional (3D) point cloud, or a periodic map (which shows the signal strength at different frequencies).

[0044] In one example, an emergency indication indicates whether the perception is associated with an emergency. Such an indication helps the UE identify the difference between normal perception tasks and emergency perception tasks that require a faster or higher priority response.

[0045] In one embodiment, at least one perception criterion includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following conditions:

[0046] Perception Standard 1: The UE is capable of supporting at least one perception requirement of the perception service. In one embodiment, whether the UE supports the perception requirement can be based on the UE's local resource status. For example, the UE can assess whether its current battery level exceeds a predefined battery threshold and / or whether its processor load is below a predefined load threshold. When / if the battery level is sufficient and / or the processor load is within an acceptable range, the UE can determine that it is capable of participating in the perception service. When / if the battery level is below or equal to the battery threshold and / or the processor load exceeds the load threshold, the UE can determine that it is not suitable for perception participation (i.e., does not participate in / provide the perception service).

[0047] Perception Standard 2: The UE supports the detection of object types for perception services. Object types may include, for example, people, vehicles, drones, or other target categories. This means that the UE has the necessary capabilities (such as signal processing functions or classification models) to detect and identify objects of a specified type.

[0048] Perception Standard 3: Service types that the UE supports for perception services. Service type refers to the purpose of the perception task, such as object tracking.

[0049] Perception Standard 4: The UE supports the reporting format for perception services. This may include the ability to construct and transmit perception results in predefined formats such as object graphs, point cloud data, or periodic graphs.

[0050] Perception Standard 5: The UE supports receiving sensing signals. For example, the UE may be able to receive sensing signals reflected by an object.

[0051] Perception Standard 6: The UE supports processing received perception signals based on perception service information. This may include applying signal processing algorithms, object recognition techniques, or pattern matching methods configured according to the perception service information.

[0052] Perception Standard 7: The UE is located within the target perception area associated with the perception service. The target perception area can be defined geographically (e.g., via GPS coordinates) or relatively (e.g., cell center, cell edge), and the UE's location falls within the target perception area so that it can be selected for perception participation.

[0053] Perception Criterion 8: Perception services are associated with emergency indications, which means that the task is urgent or time-critical. If this criterion is met, the UE can provide / support perception services and prioritize tasks that require perception services, regardless of whether other (non-critical) criteria (e.g., Perception Criterion 1) are met, to ensure a rapid system response to emergency situations.

[0054] In one embodiment, the second information includes at least one of the following: target object type or target object description; sensing service type information; received power threshold of the measured sensing signal; radar cross section of the target object; Doppler shift threshold; velocity threshold; angular range of angle of arrival (AoA) of the measured signal relative to the position of the UE or the position of the first network node; number of targets with detection peaks in the periodogram of the measured signal; distance between detection peaks of the measured sensing signal; or clutter information.

[0055] In one example, the target object type or description includes information indicating the kind of object the system is trying to detect and its appearance. The target object type can include details such as the object's shape or pattern, such as a 3D point cloud showing the object's shape and spacing in space, or channel information of signal peaks in a periodic graph.

[0056] In one example, the perception service type information indicates what the perception task is for. For instance, the perception service type could indicate whether the perception service is detecting drones, people, vehicles, or monitoring the environment. Based on the perception service type information, the UE can confirm / determine which perception it should perform and / or which perception results to report.

[0057] In one example, the received power threshold of the signal and / or the radar cross-section (RCS) of the target indicate whether a detected object should be reported. For instance, if the received power of the sensed signal is higher than the received power threshold, the UE may report the corresponding sensed result; otherwise, the UE may not report the corresponding sensed result. Furthermore, if the sensed result indicates that the RCS is smaller than the target's RCS, the UE may not report the sensed result; otherwise, the UE reports the sensed result. In other words, based on the received power threshold and / or the target's RCS, the UE may ignore objects that are too far away (making the received sensed signal too weak) or too small (making the sensed result unreliable).

[0058] In one example, Doppler shift and velocity threshold indicate whether the target is moving and / or the target's expected velocity range. If the perception result indicates a stationary object or an object moving at a velocity outside the expected velocity range, the UE can ignore the perception result. If the perception result indicates an object moving at a velocity within the expected velocity range, the UE can treat the perceived object as a target and report the perception result.

[0059] In one example, the AoA of (multiple) sensing signals indicates the angular range used to receive (multiple) sensing signals. Using the location of the UE and / or BS, the BS can determine / estimate the AoA of the sensing signals received by the UE within a specific range. Based on the AoA of (multiple) sensing signals, the UE can monitor sensing signals from the indicated angular range and report sensing results based on such sensing signals. Furthermore, the UE can ignore sensing signals outside the indicated angular range.

[0060] In one example, the number of targets detected by peaks in the periodogram of the measured / received sensed signal indicates a threshold condition associated with triggering a data report. The periodogram represents the power spectral density of the received sensed signal, and the detected peaks correspond to reflections from potential targets. When the number of detected peaks (instead represented as points in point cloud format) exceeds a predefined minimum (i.e., the number of targets), the sense result can indicate the presence of one or more relevant objects. In this case, the UE can initiate a sense result report.

[0061] In one example, the distance between the detected peaks of the sensed signal can be used as an additional criterion for determining whether to trigger a sensed result report. The detected peaks (which may appear in a periodic graph or be represented as points in a point cloud) correspond to reflections from a potential object. Based on how far apart the signal peaks are (in terms of physical space, frequency, or direction), the UE can determine whether the detected peaks originate from a single, meaningful object. If the intervals meet certain conditions, the UE can trigger a sensed report. For example, if / when at least one of the distance, frequency interval, or angular interval between the detected peaks meets a predefined threshold or pattern, the UE can identify the presence of a distinct and meaningful object and decide to trigger a sensed result report.

[0062] In one example, clutter information indicates information irrelevant to the target of the sensing service. Based on clutter information, the UE can ignore sensing results that are irrelevant to the sensing target. For example, clutter information can indicate at least one of the following: background objects, buildings, or other things that reflect signals and are not targets. By filtering out irrelevant information, the UE can provide more accurate and useful sensing results.

[0063] In step S120, the UE performs at least one operation associated with the sensing service based on the sensing service information and at least one standard.

[0064] In one embodiment, at least one operation associated with the sensing service includes at least one of the following: refusing to sense one or more first signals based on the UE not meeting at least one sensing criterion; or refusing to report the first sensing result based on the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals not meeting at least one reporting criterion based on second information.

[0065] Alternatively or additionally, at least one operation associated with the sensing service includes at least one of the following: sensing one or more first signals reflected by a target object based on the UE meeting at least one sensing criterion; or reporting the first sensing result based on the first sensing result associated with the sensing of one or more first signals reflected by the target object, meeting at least one reporting criterion based on second information.

[0066] In embodiments of this disclosure, at least one reporting criterion includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following criteria:

[0067] Reporting Standard 1: The first perception result indicates that the detected target object matches the target object type or target object description.

[0068] Reporting Standard 2: The first sensing result indicates that the measured power of one or more first signals exceeds the received power threshold.

[0069] Reporting Standard 3: The first perception result indicates a change in the orientation or configuration of the target object, and the change is measured in the radar cross section of the target object.

[0070] Reporting Standard 4: The first perception result indicates that the measured Doppler frequency shift of the target object exceeds or falls below the Doppler frequency shift threshold.

[0071] Reporting Standard 5: The first perception result indicates that the measured speed of the target object exceeds or falls below the speed threshold.

[0072] Reporting Standard 6: First Perception Result Indication: Measurement AoA of one or more first signals reflected by the target object relative to the position of the UE or the position of the first network node within the angular range.

[0073] Reporting Standard 7: The first sensing result indicates that the number of detection peaks in the measurement periodogram of one or more first signals exceeds the target number.

[0074] Reporting Standard 8: First perception result indication: The distance between the detection peaks of one or more first signals reflected by the target object is within a first defined distance or exceeds a second defined distance.

[0075] Reporting Standard 9: The first perception result indicates that the target object is not clutter.

[0076] In one embodiment, one or more first signals are positioning reference signals (PRS). In other embodiments, one or more first signals may also be one or a combination of sensing reference signals, resources for the data plane, or resources for the control plane.

[0077] In one embodiment, the sensing service information associated with the sensing service is carried in a system information block message. In other embodiments, the sensing service information associated with the sensing service may also be carried in any other broadcast message sent by the BS and can be read by the UE.

[0078] In one embodiment, the UE is in an idle state or an inactive state. In this embodiment, the perceived service information may be included in the SIB message.

[0079] In another embodiment, the UE is in a connected state, and the sensing service information associated with the sensing service is carried in at least one of the following: an RRC notification; an RRC reconfiguration message; or an SIB message.

[0080] In embodiments of this disclosure, the details of step S120 can be described by... Figure 2 The process is executed according to the instructions.

[0081] See Figure 2 It shows according to Figure 1 The flowchart shows the methods used to support awareness services.

[0082] exist Figure 2 In this process, the UE can execute step S210 after step S110.

[0083] In step S210, the UE determines whether it meets at least one perception criterion.

[0084] In one embodiment, the UE can evaluate each individual perception criterion and assess whether it meets a required combination or subset of at least one perception criterion (e.g., perception criterion 1 to perception criterion 8). If the UE determines that it meets the required combination, the UE can determine in step S210 that the UE meets at least one perception criterion.

[0085] For example, if the required combination includes perception criteria 1, 2, and 7, then if the UE determines that it meets perception criterion 1 (e.g., battery level is above a threshold), perception criterion 2 (e.g., supports detection of a specified object type, such as drone detection), and perception criterion 7 (e.g., is located within the target perception area), then the UE can determine that it meets at least one perception criterion. On the other hand, if the UE does not meet the required combination, such as failing to meet both the battery threshold and the processing load threshold under perception criterion 1, failing to support detection of a specified object type under perception criterion 2, or being located outside the target perception area under perception criterion 7, then the UE can determine that it does not meet at least one perception criterion.

[0086] For example, if the required combination includes perception criteria 1, 4, and 7, then if the UE determines that it meets perception criterion 1 (e.g., battery level is above a threshold), perception criterion 4 (e.g., supports the reporting format of perception services, such as periodicity), and perception criterion 7 (e.g., is located within the target perception area), then the UE can determine that it meets at least one perception criterion. On the other hand, if the UE does not meet the required combination, such as failing to meet both the battery threshold and the processing load threshold under perception criterion 1, failing to support the reporting format of perception services under perception criterion 4, or being located outside the target perception area under perception criterion 7, then the UE can determine that it does not meet at least one perception criterion.

[0087] For example, if the required combination includes perception criteria 7 and 8, then if the UE determines that it meets perception criterion 7 (e.g., being located within the target perception area) and perception criterion 8 (e.g., an emergency indication indicating that the perception service is urgent), then the UE can determine that it meets at least one perception criterion. On the other hand, if the UE does not meet the required combination, such as failing to locate within the target perception area under perception criterion 7, or the emergency indication indicating that the perception service is not urgent under perception criterion 8, then the UE can determine that it does not meet at least one perception criterion.

[0088] In one embodiment, in response to determining in step S210 that the UE does not meet at least one perception criterion, the UE may continue to execute step S250 to refuse to perceive one or more first signals (e.g., PRS reflected by a target object).

[0089] On the other hand, in response to determining in step S210 that the UE meets at least one perception criterion, the UE can proceed to step S220.

[0090] In step S220, the UE senses one or more first signals reflected by the target object.

[0091] In embodiments of this disclosure, the first signal may include a downlink reference signal, such as a PRS, periodically transmitted by a base station (e.g., a first network node). Upon receiving a reflected signal, the UE may analyze one or more characteristics of the first signal, such as time delay, signal strength, directional information, or Doppler shift, to determine the presence, movement, or relative position of a target object.

[0092] Even without direct communication with the target object, this perception process enables the UE to detect objects in the surrounding environment based on the reflected first signal.

[0093] In one embodiment, the sensing service information associated with the sensing service may further include sensing configuration, which indicates information about communication resources used to send one or more first signals associated with the sensing service.

[0094] In one embodiment, the sensing configuration can describe the time, frequency, and spatial resources used by a specific cell (e.g., a first network node) identified by a cell ID to transmit sensing signals. This includes information such as the time slot in which the cell transmits sensing signals (e.g., the period of the sensing resource set and the offset between consecutive sensing resources), the physical resource blocks (PRBs) allocated for sensing transmission, the cell sectors or cell beams used for sensing, the mode of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols used for sensing in each time slot, and the subcarrier allocation mode in the sensing resource set. These configuration parameters enable the UE to determine the timing and structure of the sensing signal transmission for accurate reception and processing.

[0095] In one embodiment, if the sensing configuration instructs the first network node to use communication resource 1 to send the corresponding sensing signal, then after the UE senses that one or more first signals are sent on communication resource 1, the UE can conclude that one or more first signals are sent by the first network node.

[0096] In other embodiments, if the UE knows, based on the corresponding sensing configuration, that the second network node will use communication resource 2 to send the corresponding sensing signal, then after the UE senses that one or more second signals are being sent on communication resource 2, the UE can conclude that one or more second signals are being sent by the second network node.

[0097] In step S230, the UE determines whether a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals meets at least one reporting criterion.

[0098] In one embodiment, the UE may evaluate each individual reporting criterion and assess whether it meets a required combination or subset of at least one reporting criterion (e.g., reporting criterion 1 to reporting criterion 9). If the UE determines that it meets the required combination, the UE may determine in step S230 a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals that meets at least one reporting criterion.

[0099] For example, suppose the required combination includes reporting criteria 1, 2, and 7. In this case, if the UE determines that the first perception result indicates that the detected target object matches the target object type or target object description (e.g., reporting criterion 1 is satisfied), the measured power of one or more first signals exceeds the received power threshold (e.g., reporting criterion 2 is satisfied), and the number of detected peaks in the periodogram associated with one or more first signals exceeds the defined target number (e.g., reporting criterion 7 is satisfied), then the UE can determine that the first perception result satisfies at least one reporting criterion. On the other hand, if the first perception result does not satisfy the required combination, such as indicating that the detected target object does not match the target object type or target object description (e.g., reporting criterion 1 is not satisfied), the measured power of one or more first signals does not exceed the received power threshold (e.g., reporting criterion 2 is not satisfied), or the number of detected peaks in the periodogram associated with one or more first signals does not exceed the defined target number (e.g., reporting criterion 7 is not satisfied), then the UE can determine in step S230 that the first perception result does not satisfy at least one reporting criterion.

[0100] For example, suppose the required combination includes reporting criteria 4, 6, and 9. In this case, if the UE determines that the first sensing result indicates that the measured Doppler shift of the target object exceeds the Doppler shift threshold (e.g., reporting criterion 4 is met), the AoA of the reflected sensing signal is within a specified angular range relative to the position of the UE or the first network node (e.g., reporting criterion 6 is met), and the detected target object is not classified as clutter (e.g., reporting criterion 9 is met), then the UE can determine that the first sensing result satisfies at least one reporting criterion. On the other hand, if the first sensing result does not satisfy the required combination, such as the measured Doppler shift of the target object not exceeding the Doppler shift threshold (e.g., reporting criterion 4 is not met), the AoA of the reflected sensing signal is not within a specified angular range relative to the position of the UE or the first network node (e.g., reporting criterion 6 is not met), or the detected target object is classified as clutter (e.g., reporting criterion 9 is not met), then the UE can determine in step S230 that the first sensing result does not satisfy at least one reporting criterion.

[0101] In one embodiment, in response to determining in step S230 that the first sensing result does not meet at least one reporting criterion, the UE may continue to execute step S260 to refuse to report the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals.

[0102] On the other hand, in response to determining the first sensing result in step S230 and satisfying at least one reporting criterion, the UE can proceed to step S240.

[0103] In step S240, the UE reports a first perception result, which is associated with one or more first signals perceived by the target object.

[0104] In embodiments of this disclosure, a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals is reported in at least one of the following forms: an object map of the target object; a point cloud associated with the target object; or a periodic map associated with the target object; or any combination of the foregoing.

[0105] In one embodiment, compared to, for example, periodic graph determination, object graphs can include higher-level information derived from the performed perceptual measurements. Object graphs can indicate at least some characteristics of the detected target object, such as object type, location, size, and other semantic features, as well as statistical information (e.g., probability, confidence intervals) used to indicate confidence in the detected object and its characteristics. Higher processing requirements are placed on the receiving side.

[0106] In one embodiment, the UE may not report every periodogram sample, but only the detected targets (e.g., maximum values) found in the periodogram using at least one selected detector algorithm and corresponding parameterization, for example, individually and / or as a cluster, depending on the received configuration, to further reduce the amount of perceived data.

[0107] A point cloud is a list of detected points, each point representing one or more channel paths. In some examples, each point can be associated with a set of information, such as distance, angle, Doppler shift, velocity, power, etc.

[0108] In one embodiment, a periodogram (i.e., a representation of channel state information (CSI) range, velocity, and / or spatial tensor) can provide a grid of values ​​in the range, Doppler (or velocity), and / or angular domains. One advantage of periodograms is the availability of a relatively large amount of information, e.g., no signaling is required, e.g., only the strongest path / point is needed.

[0109] In one embodiment, the UE may also report the required attributes for each reporting format (e.g., periodogram dimension, point cloud number and granularity, object dimension), reporting frequency, granularity, timestamp, location information, etc., as well as statistical information (e.g., probability, confidence interval), which is used to indicate the confidence level of the detected object and the information of the reporting format.

[0110] In one embodiment, the UE may report the first perception result (and other perception results from other UEs) to a communication entity associated with managing the first perception result. In this case, the UE may send a connection request message to a first network node that sends one or more first signals, wherein the connection request message is used to request the establishment of a connection with the communication entity for sending the first perception result associated with sensing one or more first signals reflected by a target object, the communication entity being associated with managing the first perception result.

[0111] Next, the UE can establish a connection with a communication entity and send a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals to the communication entity via the connection. In this case, the sent first sensing result is marked with the identifier of a first network node to allow the communication entity to confirm that the first sensing result is associated with the first network node.

[0112] In some embodiments, the communication entity may be a core network entity, such as a Session Management Function (SeMF) entity, a Sensing Processing Function (SePF) entity, or an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF).

[0113] In another embodiment, the UE may report the first sensing result to a first network node. In this case, the UE may send a connection request message to the first network node that sent one or more first signals. The connection request message is used to request the establishment of a connection with the first network node for sending the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals. Next, the UE may establish a connection with the first network node and send the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals to the first network node via the connection. In this case, the sent first sensing result may not be tagged with the identifier of the first network node.

[0114] In one embodiment, a particular type of connection does not require the creation or use of any bearer from the first network node to the core network.

[0115] In one embodiment, the UE can also report its location via a connection.

[0116] In one embodiment, if the UE also senses one or more of the aforementioned second signals sent by the second network node, the UE may report the first sensing result to the second network node.

[0117] For example, after determining a first network node that sends one or more first signals and a second network node that sends one or more second signals, the UE can establish a connection with the second network node, wherein a connection request message is used to request the establishment of a connection with the second network node for sending a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals.

[0118] Next, the UE can send a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals to a second network node via the connection, wherein the sent first sensing result is marked with the identifier of the first network node.

[0119] In this scenario, after the second network node receives the first sensing result marked with the identifier of the first network node, the second network node can forward the first sensing result to the appropriate destination (e.g., the first network node) via the Xn interface or via AMF.

[0120] In one embodiment, the network entity receiving the first sensing result (e.g., the aforementioned network node and / or core network entity, etc.) may update the sensing service information associated with the sensing service based on the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals.

[0121] For example, network entities can update perception service information (based on quality, progress, etc., indicated by the first perception result) to involve different combinations of at least one perception standard and / or at least one reporting standard. In this case, when the UE receives the updated perception service information, the UE can determine whether to participate in the perception service and / or report the relevant perception results accordingly.

[0122] In addition, the updated perception service information can prevent the UE from measuring or reporting known perception results that may have already been reported by other UEs.

[0123] Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure enable UEs (in idle or inactive RRC states) to participate in sensing operations and allow UEs to autonomously decide whether to participate in sensing services and whether to report relevant sensing results.

[0124] See Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0125] In this embodiment, Figure 3 The method can be executed by a communication system 30, which includes SeMF / SePF 31, AMF 32, a first network node 33, and UE 34.

[0126] In this embodiment, SeMF / SePF 31, AMF 32 and the first network node 33 can jointly execute step S310.

[0127] In step S310, SeMF / SePF 31 may receive a sensing service request from an Application Function (AF) or another Network Function (NF) and configure one or more network nodes (e.g., first network node 33) for the sensing operations(s). Based on the requested sensing service, SeMF / SePF 31 provides the first network node 33 with an indication of the communication resources (e.g., PRS resources) required for the sensing operations(s) associated with the sensing service, and the need for the "always-on" sensing operations(s)(after further notification). Furthermore, based on missing information (e.g., coverage, accuracy, resolution) and / or the performance of the ongoing sensing operations, SeMF / SePF 31 indicates to the first network node 33 that UE assistance can be used for the sensing operations; this information can be detected and determined by the first network node's processing of the sensing data.

[0128] In step S320, the first network node 33 can schedule relevant communication resources (e.g., PRS resources) that should be used for periodic / aperiodic transmission of the sensing signal, including transmission (Tx) power, time-domain and frequency-domain resource allocation, according to the SeMF / SePF configuration. In one embodiment, step S320 can be repeated periodically to update the sensing configuration of the transmitted sensing signal.

[0129] In step S330, the first network node 33 can determine an SIB message for carrying sensing service information associated with the sensing service, and the details of the sensing service can be referred to the description in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0130] In step S340, the first network node 33 may send sensing service information (via SIB message) to the UE 34.

[0131] Therefore, UE 34 can be executed. Figure 2 The steps described herein, such as steps S210 to S240, and related details can be found in the descriptions in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0132] exist Figure 3 In this scenario, it is assumed that UE 34 reports the first perception result to the first network node 33 in step S240. In this case, after receiving the first perception result from the UE, in step S350, the first network node 33 may optionally use its own perception result and / or information collected from other UEs to process the first perception result collected from UE 34.

[0133] In one embodiment, the first network node 33 may report the processed first perception result (and / or other processed data) to SeMF / SePF 31.

[0134] In one embodiment, based on the processed perception results, the first network node 33 may update the perception service information in step S370. For example, the first network node 33 may change the configuration of the perception service information according to the progress of the perception operation, such as reducing or increasing the reported perception results and the UEs involved.

[0135] See Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0136] and Figure 3 Similarly, the components of the communication system 30 can perform steps S310 to S340 and steps S210 to S240.

[0137] However, with Figure 3 Depending on the scenario, in step S240, UE 34 (via AMF 32 and the first network node 33) reports the first perception result to SeMF / SePF 31.

[0138] In this case, since SeMF / SePF 31 receives the first sensing result directly from UE 34, SeMF / SePF 31 performs steps S350 and S370, and the relevant details can be found in the description in the above embodiments.

[0139] After step S370, SeMF / SePF 31 can use the corresponding control information in step S410 to control the first network node 33 to update the sensing service information accordingly, so as to allow the first network node 33 to provide the updated sensing service to the UE 34.

[0140] See Figure 5 The document illustrates a flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0141] and Figure 3 Similarly, the components of the communication system 30 can perform steps S310 to S320.

[0142] exist Figure 5 In step S510, the first network node 33 sends a first SIB message (e.g., SIB 1), and the first SIB may indicate the need for awareness services.

[0143] In step S520, UE 34 determines whether the first SIB message indicates that sensing services are required.

[0144] exist Figure 5In the scenario, UE 34 can determine that the first system information block message indicates that a sensing service needs to be provided, and accordingly execute step S530 to request a dedicated SIB message that includes information associated with the sensing service (i.e., sensing service information).

[0145] In one embodiment, UE 34 may send the request to the first network node 33 using the Random Access Channel (RACH) or the Dedicated Control Channel to indicate the Dedicated System Information Block Message required by the UE.

[0146] Next, in step S540, the first network node 33 can process the request and prepare a dedicated SIB message including sensing service information, and in step S550, send the dedicated SIB message to the UE 34.

[0147] Upon receiving a dedicated SIB message carrying sensing service information, UE 34 can execute accordingly. Figure 2 The steps described herein, such as steps S210 to S240, are relevant details and can be found in the descriptions in the above embodiments.

[0148] After UE 34 reports the first sensing result in step S240, other components of the communication system 30 can perform corresponding actions. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The subsequent steps are described in the text.

[0149] See Figure 6 The document illustrates a flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 6 The method described herein can be implemented by the first network node, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0150] In step S610, the first network node sends sensing service information associated with the sensing service to the UE.

[0151] In step S620, the first network node receives from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, which are associated with a sensing service.

[0152] Details related to steps S610 and S620 can be found in the descriptions in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0153] See Figure 7 The document illustrates a flowchart of a method for supporting sensing services according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 7 The methods described herein can be implemented by the core network entity, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0154] In step S710, the core network entity configures the sensing service information associated with the sensing service.

[0155] In step S720, the core network entity receives from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, which are associated with sensing services.

[0156] Details related to steps S710 and S720 can be found in the descriptions in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0157] In summary, embodiments of this disclosure provide a solution that allows a UE to determine whether to participate in a sensing service based on received sensing service information (e.g., sensing standards). After the UE determines to participate in the sensing service, it can also determine whether to report relevant sensing results based on received sensing service information (e.g., reporting standards).

[0158] Therefore, even in an idle or inactive state, the UE can participate in ongoing sensing operations.

[0159] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an apparatus in a communication system according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In one embodiment, apparatus 10 may be a UE associated with a radio access network (RAN) (such as an LTE network, 5G, or NR). In embodiments of the present disclosure, UE may refer to any communication-enabled terminal device, including but not limited to mobile phones, tablets, laptops with cellular connectivity, IoT or M2M devices, in-vehicle modules, robots, drones, or augmented / virtual reality (AR / VR) headsets, which are capable of establishing wireless communication with cellular or non-terrestrial networks.

[0160] In some example embodiments, device 10 may include one or more processors, one or more computer-readable storage media (e.g., memory, storage device, etc.), one or more wireless access components (e.g., modem, transceiver, etc.), and / or a user interface. In some embodiments, device 10 may be configured to operate using one or more wireless access technologies, such as GSM, LTE, LTE-A, NR, 5G, WLAN, WiFi, NB-IoT, Bluetooth, NFC, MulteFire, and / or any other wireless access technology. It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that device 10 may include... Figure 8 Components or features not shown in the diagram.

[0161] like Figure 8As illustrated in the example, device 10 may include or be coupled to a processor 12 for processing information and executing instructions or operations. Processor 12 may be any type of general-purpose or special-purpose processor. In fact, as an example, processor 12 may include one or more of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. Although Figure 8 A single processor 12 is shown, but multiple processors may be used according to other embodiments. For example, it should be understood that in some example embodiments, device 10 may include two or more processors that can form a multiprocessor system capable of supporting multiple processing (e.g., in this case, processor 12 may represent multiple processors). According to some example embodiments, the multiprocessor system may be tightly coupled or loosely coupled (e.g., to form a computer cluster).

[0162] The processor 12 can perform functions associated with the operation of the device 10, including precoding of antenna gain / phase parameters, encoding and decoding of individual bits forming communication messages, formatting of information, and overall control of the device 10, including the processes shown in the accompanying drawings of this disclosure.

[0163] Device 10 may also include or be coupled to memory 14 (internal or external), which may be coupled to processor 12, for storing information and instructions executable by processor 12. Memory 14 may be one or more memories and may be of any type suitable for the local application environment, and may be implemented using any suitable volatile or non-volatile data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and / or removable memory. For example, memory 14 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), static storage devices (such as disks or optical discs), hard disk drives (HDDs), or any combination of any other type of non-transitory machine or computer-readable medium. Instructions stored in memory 14 may include program instructions or computer program code that, when executed by processor 12, enable device 10 to perform the tasks described herein.

[0164] In one embodiment, device 10 may further include or be coupled to an (internal or external) drive or port configured to accept and read external computer-readable storage media, such as an optical disc, USB drive, flash drive, or any other storage medium. For example, the external computer-readable storage medium may store computer programs or software for execution by processor 12 and / or device 10 to perform any of the methods shown in the accompanying drawings of this disclosure.

[0165] In some embodiments, device 10 may further include or be coupled to one or more antennas 15 for receiving downlink signals and for transmitting from device 10 via an uplink. Device 10 may also include a transceiver 18 configured to transmit and receive information. Transceiver 18 may also include a wireless interface (e.g., a modem) coupled to antenna 15. The wireless interface may correspond to one or more of various wireless access technologies, including GSM, LTE, LTE-A, 5G, NR, WLAN, NB-IoT, Bluetooth, BT-LE, NFC, RFID, UWB, etc. The wireless interface may include other components such as filters, converters (e.g., digital-to-analog converters), symbol demappers, signal shaping components, inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) modules, etc., to process symbols carried by the downlink or uplink, such as OFDMA symbols.

[0166] For example, transceiver 18 may be configured to modulate information onto a carrier waveform for transmission by antenna(s)15, and demodulate information received via antenna(s)15 for further processing by other elements of device 10. In other embodiments, transceiver 18 may be able to directly transmit and receive signals or data. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, device 10 may include input and / or output devices (I / O devices). In some embodiments, device 10 may also include a user interface, such as a graphical user interface or a touchscreen.

[0167] In one embodiment, memory 14 may store software modules that provide functionality when executed by processor 12. These modules may include, for example, an operating system that provides operating system functionality to device 10. The memory may also store one or more functional modules (such as applications or programs) to provide additional functionality to device 10. Components of device 10 may be implemented in hardware or may be implemented as any suitable combination of hardware and software. According to an example embodiment, device 10 may optionally be configured to communicate with device 20 via wireless or wired communication link 70 according to any wireless access technology (such as NR).

[0168] According to some example embodiments, the processor 12 and memory 14 may be included in a processing circuitry or a control circuitry, or may be part of a processing circuitry or a control circuitry. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the transceiver 18 may be included in a transceiver circuitry, or may be part of a transceiver circuitry.

[0169] According to certain embodiments, device 10 may be controlled by memory 14 and processor 12 to perform functions associated with the example embodiments described herein. For example, in some example embodiments, device 10 may be controlled by memory 14 and processor 12 to: receive sensing service information associated with a sensing service from a first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service; and perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service based on the sensing service information and the at least one criterion.

[0170] also, Figure 8 Apparatus 20 according to an example embodiment is also shown. In the example embodiment, apparatus 20 may be a network node or a core network entity. In embodiments of this disclosure, a network node may refer to any network-side functional entity, including but not limited to base stations (e.g., gNB, eNB), relay nodes, edge nodes, or any device configured to transmit, receive, or process control or data signals in a communication system. Furthermore, a core network entity may refer to functional elements within the core network architecture, such as AMF, SeMF / SePF, UPF, or other control or data plane functions responsible for session management, mobility management, policy facts, or user authentication.

[0171] like Figure 8 As shown in the example, device 20 may include a processor 22 for processing information and executing instructions or operations. Processor 22 may be any type of general-purpose or special-purpose processor. For example, by way of example, processor 22 may include one or more of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. Although Figure 8 A single processor 22 is shown, but multiple processors may be used according to other embodiments. For example, it should be understood that in some embodiments, device 20 may include two or more processors that can form a multiprocessor system capable of supporting multiple processing (e.g., in this case, processor 22 may represent multiple processors). According to some example embodiments, the multiprocessor system may be tightly coupled or loosely coupled (e.g., to form a computer cluster).

[0172] According to certain example embodiments, processor 22 may perform functions associated with the operation of device 20, which may include, for example, precoding of antenna gain / phase parameters, encoding and decoding of individual bits forming communication messages, formatting of information, and overall control of device 20, including the processes shown in the accompanying drawings of this disclosure.

[0173] Device 20 may also include or be coupled to memory 24 (internal or external), which may be coupled to processor 22 for storing information and instructions executable by processor 22. Memory 24 may be one or more memories and may be of any type suitable for the local application environment, and may be implemented using any suitable volatile or non-volatile data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and / or removable memory. For example, memory 24 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), static storage devices (such as disks or optical discs), hard disk drives (HDDs), or any combination of any other type of non-transitory machine or computer-readable medium. Instructions stored in memory 24 may include program instructions or computer program code that, when executed by processor 22, enable device 20 to perform the tasks described herein.

[0174] In one embodiment, device 20 may further include or be coupled to an (internal or external) drive or port configured to accept and read external computer-readable storage media, such as an optical disc, USB drive, flash drive, or any other storage media. For example, the external computer-readable storage medium may store computer programs or software for execution by processor 22 and / or device 20 to perform the methods shown in the accompanying drawings of this disclosure.

[0175] In some example embodiments, device 20 may further include or be coupled to one or more antennas 25 for transmitting signals and / or data to and from device 20. Device 20 may also include or be coupled to a transceiver 28 configured to transmit and receive information. Transceiver 28 may include, for example, multiple wireless interfaces that may be coupled to antenna(s) 25. The wireless interfaces may correspond to a variety of wireless access technologies, including one or more of GSM, NB-IoT, LTE, 5G, WLAN, Bluetooth, BT-LE, NFC, RFID, UWB, MulteFire, etc. The wireless interfaces may include components such as filters, converters (e.g., digital-to-analog converters), mappers, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) modules, etc., to generate symbols for transmission via one or more downlinks and to receive symbols (e.g., via an uplink).

[0176] Therefore, transceiver 28 can be configured to modulate information onto a carrier waveform for transmission by antenna(s)25, and demodulate information received via antenna(s)25 for further processing by other elements of device 20. In other embodiments, transceiver 18 may be able to directly transmit and receive signals or data. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, device 20 may include input and / or output devices (I / O devices).

[0177] In one embodiment, memory 24 may store software modules that provide functionality when executed by processor 22. These modules may include, for example, an operating system that provides operating system functionality to device 20. The memory may also store one or more functional modules (such as applications or programs) to provide additional functionality to device 20. Components of device 20 may be implemented in hardware, or may be implemented as any suitable combination of hardware and software.

[0178] According to some embodiments, the processor 22 and the memory 24 may be included in a processing circuit system or a control circuit system, or may be part of a processing circuit system or a control circuit system. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the transceiver 28 may be included in a transceiver circuit system, or may be part of a transceiver circuit system.

[0179] As used herein, the term "circuit system" can refer to a purely hardware circuit implementation (e.g., an analog and / or digital circuit system), a combination of hardware circuitry and software, a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuitry and software / firmware, any portion of a hardware processor(s) (including digital signal processors) having software that works together to enable devices (e.g., devices 10 and 20) to perform various functions, and / or a combination of hardware circuitry and / or a combination of processors or portions thereof that operate using software, but may be absent when operation is not required. As another example, as used herein, the term "circuit system" can also encompass an implementation of hardware circuitry or a processor(s) alone, or a portion of a hardware circuitry or processor, and its accompanying software and / or firmware. The term "circuit system" can also encompass baseband integrated circuits, such as those in servers, cellular network nodes or devices, or other computing or networking devices.

[0180] In some embodiments, device 20 may be a network element, node, host, or server in or serving a communications network. For example, device 20 may be a satellite, base station, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), 5G Node B or access point, next-generation Node B (NG-NB or gNB), and / or WLAN access point associated with a radio access network (RAN) such as an LTE network, 5G, or NR. According to some embodiments, device 20 may be controlled by memory 24 and processor 22 to perform functions associated with any of the embodiments described herein.

[0181] For example, in some example embodiments, the apparatus 20 may be controlled by the memory 24 and the processor 22 to: send perception service information associated with a perception service to a user equipment UE, wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the perception service, and the perception service information and the at least one criterion allow the UE to perform at least one operation associated with the perception service accordingly; and receive from the UE a first perception result associated with perceiving one or more first signals associated with the perception service.

[0182] In other example embodiments, the device 20 may be controlled by the memory 24 and the processor 22 to: configure perception service information associated with a perception service, wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one criterion for triggering the perception service, and the perception service information and at least one criterion allow a user device UE to perform at least one operation associated with the perception service accordingly; and receive from the UE a first perception result associated with perceiving one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the perception service.

[0183] Other example embodiments may provide components for performing any of the functions, steps, or processes described herein. For example, one example embodiment may relate to a UE including components for receiving sensing service information associated with a sensing service from a first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service; and components for performing at least one operation associated with the sensing service based on the sensing service information and the at least one criterion.

[0184] Other example embodiments may involve a network node including components for transmitting sensing service information associated with a sensing service to a user equipment (UE), wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service, and the sensing service information and the at least one criterion allow the UE to perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service accordingly; and components for receiving from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the sensing service.

[0185] Another example embodiment may involve a core network entity including components for configuring perception service information associated with a perception service, wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one standard that triggers the perception service, and the perception service information and the at least one standard allow a user device (UE) to perform at least one operation associated with the perception service accordingly; and components for receiving from the UE a first perception result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the perception service.

[0186] A computer program product may include one or more computer-executable components that, when the program runs, are configured to perform some example embodiments. The one or more computer-executable components may be at least one piece of software code or a portion thereof. Modifications and configurations required to implement the functionality of certain example embodiments may be executed as a routine(s), which may be implemented as added or updated software(s). The software(s) may be downloaded to the device.

[0187] For example, software or computer program code, or portions thereof, may be in the form of source code, object code, or some intermediate form, and may be stored on some carrier, distribution medium, or computer-readable medium, which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program. Such a carrier may include recording media, computer memory, read-only memory, optoelectronic and / or electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution packages. Depending on the required processing power, the computer program may execute in a single electronic digital computer or may be distributed across multiple computers. The computer-readable medium or computer-readable storage medium may be a non-transitory medium.

[0188] In other example embodiments, the function may be performed by hardware or circuitry included in the device (e.g., device 10 or device 20), for example, by using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable gate array (PGA), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any other combination of hardware and software. In yet another example embodiment, the function may be implemented as a signal, a non-tangible component that can be carried by an electromagnetic signal downloaded from the Internet or other networks.

[0189] According to an example embodiment, an apparatus (such as a node, device, or corresponding component) may be configured as a circuit system, a computer, or a microprocessor (such as a single-chip computer element) or a chipset, which includes at least a memory for providing storage capacity for arithmetic operations and an arithmetic processor for performing arithmetic operations.

[0190] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that some of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure as described above can be practiced with a different order of procedures and / or with hardware components in a different configuration than those disclosed. Therefore, although this disclosure has been described based on these exemplary embodiments, certain modifications, variations, and alternative constructions will be apparent to those skilled in the art while remaining within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments. While the above embodiments relate to 5G NR and LTE technologies, they can also be applied to any other current or future 3GPP technologies, such as Advanced LTE and / or fourth-generation (4G) technologies and / or 6G technologies.

[0191] In this disclosure, an NF (e.g., SeMF / SePF / AMF) can refer to a network device / apparatus that includes an NF. A network device / apparatus including an NF indicates that the network device / apparatus performs or is configured to perform at least a portion of the functions of such an NF. Furthermore, a network device / apparatus may include one or more NFs.

[0192] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the ISAC architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0193] exist Figure 9 In the ISAC architecture 900, multiple network functions are interconnected to enable ISAC capabilities.

[0194] Specifically, UE 901 refers to an end-user equipment capable of both data communication and interaction with environmental awareness functions.

[0195] The (RAN) 902 provides a radio connection between the UE and the core network. For example, RAN 902 can refer to a BS, such as a gnB or eNB.

[0196] The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 903 is configured to manage access control, registration, and mobility processes.

[0197] The Session Management Function (SMF) 904 is responsible for session creation, modification, and publication.

[0198] The User Plane Function (UPF) 905 is configured to handle user data packet routing and forwarding.

[0199] The Policy Control Function (PCF) 906 is configured to define and provide network policy rules.

[0200] The Network Repository Function (NRF) 907 is configured to maintain a repository of available network functions and support service discovery.

[0201] The Network Exposure Function (NEF) 908 is configured to expose selected network capabilities and events to external third-party applications.

[0202] Application Function (AF) 909 is configured to host application-specific services and can influence network behavior through interaction with (multiple) other network functions.

[0203] SeMF 910 is a network function responsible for controlling and coordinating sensing activities.

[0204] SePF 911 is a network function whose task is to process sensed data (e.g., sensed signals) to extract sensed-related information (e.g., detecting target objects). As an alternative or supplement, SePF functionality can be part of the functionality of SeMF 910. In some deployments, SePF 911 may be placed in the RAN domain.

[0205] In some embodiments, integrating SeMF 910 and SePF 911 into the 5GC framework enables the network to support ISAC operations, thereby enabling services that require real-time environment awareness and improving overall network efficiency.

[0206] As explained above and repeated below, this disclosure includes, but is not limited to, the following example implementations.

[0207] Clause 1. A method for a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving sensing service information associated with a sensing service from a first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion for triggering the sensing service; and performing at least one operation associated with the sensing service based on the sensing service information and the at least one criterion.

[0208] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, wherein the perception service information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the perception service includes at least one of the following: first information associated with at least one perception criterion of the at least one criterion, wherein the at least one perception criterion is associated with the UE’s participation in the perception service; or second information associated with at least one reporting criterion of the at least one criterion, wherein the at least one reporting criterion is associated with triggering the reporting of perception results from the UE.

[0209] Clause 3. The method according to Clause 2, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: the target sensing area; at least one sensing requirement; the object type of the sensing service; the reporting format of the sensing service; or an emergency instruction indicating whether the sensing service is due to an emergency.

[0210] Clause 4. The method according to Clause 2 or 3, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: target object type or target object description; sensing service type information; received power threshold of the measured sensing signal; radar cross section of the target object; Doppler frequency shift threshold; velocity threshold; angular range of the angle of arrival of the measured signal relative to the position of the UE or the position of the first network node; number of targets with detection peaks in the periodogram of the measured signal; distance between the detection peaks of the measured sensing signal; or clutter information.

[0211] Clause 5. The method according to any one of Clauses 2 to 4, wherein the at least one operation associated with the sensing service includes at least one of the following: refusing to sense one or more first signals based on the UE not meeting the at least one sensing criterion; or refusing to report the first sensing result based on the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals not meeting the at least one reporting criterion based on the second information.

[0212] Clause 6. The method according to any one of Clauses 2 to 4, wherein the at least one operation associated with the sensing service includes at least one of the following: sensing one or more first signals reflected by a target object based on the UE satisfying the at least one sensing criterion; or reporting the first sensing result based on a first sensing result associated with sensing the one or more first signals reflected by the target object, satisfying the at least one reporting criterion based on the second information.

[0213] Clause 7. The method according to Clause 5 or 6, wherein the first perception result associated with perceiving the one or more first signals is reported in at least one of the following forms: an object map of the target object; a point cloud associated with the target object; or a periodic map associated with the target object.

[0214] Clause 8. The method according to Clause 6, wherein reporting the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals comprises: sending a connection request message to the first network node that sent the one or more first signals, wherein the connection request message is used to request the establishment of a connection with a communication entity for sending the first sensing result associated with sensing the one or more first signals reflected by the target object, the communication entity being associated with managing the first sensing result; and establishing the connection with the communication entity and sending the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals to the communication entity via the connection, wherein the sent first sensing result is tagged with an identifier of the first network node.

[0215] Clause 9. The method according to Clause 6, wherein reporting the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals comprises: sending a connection request message to the first network node that sent the one or more first signals, wherein the connection request message is used to request the establishment of a connection with the first network node for sending the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals; and establishing the connection with the first network node and sending the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals to the first network node via the connection.

[0216] Clause 10. The method according to Clause 9 further includes: reporting the location of the UE via the connection.

[0217] Clause 11. The method according to Clause 5 or 6 further includes sensing one or more second signals and reporting the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals by: identifying a first network node that sends the one or more first signals and a second network node that sends the one or more second signals; establishing a connection with the second network node; and sending the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals to the second network node via the connection, wherein the first sensing result sent is tagged with an identifier of the first network node.

[0218] Clause 12. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 11 further includes: receiving a first system information block message indicating that the sensing service is needed; and in response to determining that the first system information block message indicates that the sensing service is needed, requesting the first network node to send a dedicated system information block message carrying sensing service information associated with the sensing service.

[0219] Clause 13. The method according to any one of Clauses 2 to 12, wherein the at least one sensing standard includes at least one of the following: the UE is capable of supporting at least one sensing requirement of the sensing service; the UE supports the detection of object types of the sensing service; the UE supports the service type of the sensing service; the UE supports the reporting format of the sensing service; the UE supports receiving sensing signals; the UE supports processing the received sensing signals based on the sensing service information; the UE is located within a target sensing area associated with the sensing service; or the sensing service has an emergency indication.

[0220] Clause 14. The method according to any one of Clauses 2 to 13, wherein the at least one reporting criterion includes at least one of the following: the first perception result indicates that the detected target object conforms to a target object type or target object description; the first perception result indicates that the measured power of the one or more first signals exceeds a received power threshold; the first perception result indicates a change in the orientation or configuration of the target object, and the change is measured in the radar cross section of the target object; the first perception result indicates that the measured Doppler shift of the target object exceeds a Doppler shift threshold; the first perception result indicates that the measured velocity of the target object exceeds a velocity threshold; the first perception result indicates that the measured angle of arrival of the one or more first signals reflected by the target object relative to the position of the UE or the position of the first network node is within an angle range; the first perception result indicates that the number of detected peaks in the measurement periodogram of the one or more first signals exceeds the target number; the first perception result indicates that the distance between the detected peaks of the one or more first signals reflected by the target object is within a first defined distance or exceeds a second defined distance; or the first perception result indicates that the target object is not clutter.

[0221] Clause 15. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 14, wherein the sensing service information associated with the sensing service further includes a sensing configuration indicating information on communication resources for transmitting one or more first signals associated with the sensing service.

[0222] Clause 16. The method according to any one of Clauses 5 to 15, wherein the one or more first signals are positioning reference signals (PRS).

[0223] Clause 17. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 16, wherein the sensing service information associated with the sensing service is carried in a system information block message.

[0224] Clause 18. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17, wherein the UE is in an idle state or in an inactive state.

[0225] Clause 19. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 18, wherein the UE is in a connected state and the sensing service information associated with the sensing service is carried in at least one of: a radio resource control notification; or a radio resource control reconfiguration message.

[0226] Clause 20. A user equipment, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to at least: receive sensing service information associated with a sensing service from a first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service; and perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service based on the sensing service information and the at least one criterion.

[0227] Clause 21. A user equipment comprising: components for receiving sensing service information associated with a sensing service from a first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion for triggering the sensing service; and components for performing at least one operation associated with the sensing service based on the sensing service information and the at least one criterion.

[0228] Clause 22. A method for a network node, comprising: sending to a user equipment (UE) sensing service information associated with a sensing service, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion for triggering the sensing service, and the sensing service information and the at least one criterion allow the UE to perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service accordingly; and receiving from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the sensing service.

[0229] Clause 23. The method according to Clause 21, wherein the perception service information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the perception service includes at least one of the following: first information associated with at least one perception criterion of the at least one criterion, wherein the at least one perception criterion is associated with the UE’s participation in the perception service; or second information associated with at least one reporting criterion of the at least one criterion, wherein the at least one reporting criterion is associated with triggering the reporting of perception results from the UE.

[0230] Clause 24. The method according to Clause 22, wherein the first information includes at least one of the following: a target sensing area; at least one sensing requirement; the object type of the sensing service; the reporting format of the sensing service; or an emergency instruction indicating whether the sensing service is due to an emergency.

[0231] Clause 25. The method according to Clause 22 or 23, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: target object type or target object description; sensing service type information; received power threshold of the measured sensing signal; radar cross section of the target object; Doppler shift threshold; velocity threshold; angular range of the angle of arrival of the measured signal relative to the position of the UE or the position of the first network node; number of targets with detection peaks in the periodogram of the measured signal; distance between the detection peaks of the measured sensing signal; or clutter information.

[0232] Clause 26. The method according to any one of Clauses 22 to 24, wherein the at least one operation associated with the sensing service includes at least one of the following: refusing to sense one or more first signals based on the UE not meeting the at least one sensing criterion; or refusing to report the first sensing result based on the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals not meeting the at least one reporting criterion based on the second information.

[0233] Clause 27. The method according to any one of Clauses 22 to 24, wherein the at least one operation associated with the sensing service includes at least one of: sensing one or more first signals reflected by a target object based on the UE satisfying the at least one sensing criterion; or reporting the first sensing result based on a first sensing result associated with sensing the one or more first signals reflected by the target object, satisfying the at least one reporting criterion based on the second information.

[0234] Clause 28. The method according to Clause 25 or 26, wherein the first perception result associated with perceiving the one or more first signals is reported in at least one of the following forms: an object map of the target object; a point cloud associated with the target object; or a periodic map associated with the target object.

[0235] Clause 29. The method according to Clause 25 or 26 further includes: updating the perception service information associated with the perception service based on the first perception result associated with perceiving the one or more first signals.

[0236] Clause 30. The method according to Clause 26 further includes: receiving a connection request message from the UE, wherein the connection request message is used to request the establishment of a connection with a communication entity so that the UE can send a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals reflected by the target object, the communication entity being associated with managing the first sensing result.

[0237] Clause 31. The method according to Clause 26, wherein receiving the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals comprises: receiving a connection request message from the UE, wherein the connection request message is for requesting the establishment of a connection with the first network node so that the UE can send the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals; and establishing the connection with the UE and receiving the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals from the UE via the connection.

[0238] Clause 32. The method according to Clause 30 further includes: receiving the location of the UE via the connection.

[0239] Clause 33. The method according to Clause 25 or 26 further comprises: establishing a connection with the UE; receiving, via the connection, a second sensing result associated with sensing one or more sensing signals from the UE, wherein the received second sensing result is tagged with an identifier of a second network node that sent the one or more second signals; and forwarding the second sensing result to the second network node.

[0240] Clause 34. The method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 32 further includes: sending a first system information block message indicating a need for the sensing service; and sending the dedicated system information block message to the UE in response to determining that a request has been received from the UE for sending a dedicated system information block message carrying information about the sensing service associated with the sensing service.

[0241] Clause 35. The method according to any one of Clauses 22 to 33, wherein the at least one sensing standard includes at least one of the following: the UE is capable of supporting at least one sensing requirement of the sensing service; the UE supports the detection of the object type of the sensing service; the UE supports the service type of the sensing service; the UE supports the reporting format of the sensing service; the UE supports receiving sensing signals; the UE supports processing the received sensing signals based on the sensing service information; the UE is located within a target sensing area associated with the sensing service; or the sensing service has an emergency indication.

[0242] Clause 36. The method according to any one of Clauses 22 to 34, wherein the at least one reporting criterion includes at least one of the following: the first perception result indicates that the detected target object conforms to a target object type or target object description; the first perception result indicates that the measured power of the one or more first signals exceeds a received power threshold; the first perception result indicates a change in the orientation or configuration of the target object, and the change is measured in the radar cross section of the target object; the first perception result indicates that the measured Doppler shift of the target object exceeds a Doppler shift threshold; the first perception result indicates that the measured velocity of the target object exceeds a velocity threshold; the first perception result indicates that the measured angle of arrival of the one or more first signals reflected by the target object relative to the position of the UE or the position of the first network node is within an angle range; the first perception result indicates that the number of detected peaks in the measurement periodogram of the one or more first signals exceeds the target number; the first perception result indicates that the distance between the detected peaks of the one or more first signals reflected by the target object is within a first defined distance or exceeds a second defined distance; or the first perception result indicates that the target object is not clutter.

[0243] Clause 37. The method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 35, wherein the sensing service information associated with the sensing service further includes a sensing configuration indicating information on communication resources for transmitting one or more first signals associated with the sensing service.

[0244] Clause 38. The method according to any one of Clauses 25 to 36, wherein the one or more first signals are positioning reference signals.

[0245] Clause 39. The method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 37, wherein the sensing service information associated with the sensing service is carried in a system information block message.

[0246] Clause 40. The method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 38, wherein the UE is in an idle state or in an inactive state.

[0247] Clause 41. The method according to any one of Clauses 21 to 39, wherein the UE is in a connected state and the sensing service information associated with the sensing service is carried in at least one of: a radio resource control notification; or a radio resource control reconfiguration message.

[0248] Clause 42. A network node comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network node to at least: send sensing service information associated with a sensing service to a user equipment (UE), wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion for triggering the sensing service, and the sensing service information and the at least one criterion allow the UE to perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service accordingly; and receive from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the sensing service.

[0249] Clause 43. A network node comprising: a component for transmitting to a user equipment (UE) sensing service information associated with a sensing service, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion for triggering the sensing service, and the sensing service information and the at least one criterion allow the UE to perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service accordingly; and a component for receiving from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the sensing service.

[0250] Clause 44. A method for a core network entity, comprising: configuring perception service information associated with a perception service, wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one criterion for triggering the perception service, and the perception service information and the at least one criterion allow a user equipment (UE) to perform at least one operation associated with the perception service accordingly; and receiving from the UE a first perception result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the perception service.

[0251] Clause 45. A core network entity comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the core network entity to at least: configure sensing service information associated with a sensing service, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one standard for triggering the sensing service, and the sensing service information and the at least one standard allow a user equipment (UE) to perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service accordingly; and receive from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the sensing service.

[0252] Clause 46. A core network entity comprising: a component for configuring sensing service information associated with a sensing service, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one standard for triggering the sensing service, and the sensing service information and the at least one standard allow a user equipment (UE) to perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service accordingly; and a component for receiving from the UE a first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, the one or more first signals being associated with the sensing service.

[0253] Clause 47. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 19, 21 to 40 and 43.

Claims

1. A method for a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receive sensing service information associated with the sensing service from a first network node, wherein the sensing service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service; as well as Based on the sensing service information and the at least one standard, perform at least one operation associated with the sensing service.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensing service information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the sensing service includes at least one of the following: First information associated with at least one of the at least one sensing standard, wherein the at least one sensing standard is associated with the UE's participation in the sensing service; or A second piece of information associated with at least one of the at least one reporting criteria, wherein the at least one reporting criteria is associated with triggering the reporting of perception results from the UE.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following: Target perception area; At least one perceptual requirement; The object type of the perception service; The reporting format for the perception service; or Indicate whether the sensing service is an emergency instruction due to an emergency.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second information comprises at least one of the following: Target object type or target object description; Perceive service type information; The received power threshold of the sensed signal being measured; The radar cross-section of the target object; Doppler frequency shift threshold; Speed ​​threshold; The angular range of the angle of arrival of the measurement signal relative to the position of the UE or the position of the first network node; The number of targets with detection peaks in the periodogram of the measured signal; The distance between the detected peaks of the measured sensed signal; or Clutter information.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the at least one operation associated with the sensing service comprises at least one of the following: Based on the fact that the UE does not meet at least one of the sensing criteria, it refuses to sense one or more first signals; or The first sensing result is rejected from being reported if the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals does not meet the at least one reporting criterion based on the second information.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the at least one operation associated with the sensing service includes at least one of the following: Based on the UE satisfying at least one perception criterion, it perceives one or more first signals reflected by the target object; or The first perception result is reported based on a first perception result associated with one or more first signals reflected by the target object, and the first perception result is satisfied with at least one reporting criterion based on the second information.

7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the first sensing result associated with sensing the one or more first signals is reported in at least one of the following forms: The object graph of the target object; Point cloud associated with the target object; or A periodic graph associated with the target object.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein reporting the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals comprises: A connection request message is sent to the first network node that sends the one or more first signals, wherein the connection request message is used to request the establishment of a connection with a communication entity for sending a first sensing result associated with sensing the one or more first signals reflected by the target object, the communication entity being associated with managing the first sensing result; as well as The connection is established with the communication entity, and the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals is sent to the communication entity via the connection, wherein the sent first sensing result is tagged with the identifier of the first network node.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein reporting the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals comprises: Send a connection request message to the first network node that sent the one or more first signals, wherein the connection request message is used to request the establishment of a connection with the first network node for sending the first sensing result associated with sensing the one or more first signals; as well as The connection is established with the first network node, and the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals is sent to the first network node via the connection.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: The location of the UE is reported via the connection.

11. The method of claim 5 or 6, further comprising sensing one or more second signals, and reporting the first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals, including: Determine the first network node that sends the one or more first signals and the second network node that sends the one or more second signals; Establish a connection with the second network node; as well as The first sensing result associated with sensing one or more first signals is sent to the second network node via the connection, wherein the sent first sensing result is tagged with the identifier of the first network node.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising: Receive a first system information block message indicating that the sensing service is required; as well as In response to determining that the first system information block message indicates the need to provide the sensing service, the first network node is requested to send a dedicated system information block message carrying sensing service information associated with the sensing service.

13. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 12, wherein the at least one sensing criterion comprises at least one of the following: The UE is able to support at least one sensing requirement of the sensing service; The UE supports the detection of the object type of the perception service; The UE supports the service types of the sensing service; The UE supports the reporting format of the perception service; The UE supports receiving sensing signals; The UE supports processing the received sensing signals based on the sensing service information; The UE is located within the target sensing area associated with the sensing service; or The sensing service includes emergency instructions.

14. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 13, wherein the at least one reporting standard comprises at least one of the following: The first perception result indicates that the detected target object matches the target object type or target object description; The first sensing result indicates that the measured power of the one or more first signals exceeds the received power threshold; The first perception result indicates a change in the orientation or configuration of the target object, and the change is measured in the radar cross-section of the target object; The first sensing result indicates that the measured Doppler frequency shift of the target object exceeds the Doppler frequency shift threshold; The first perception result indicates that the measured speed of the target object exceeds a speed threshold; The first perception result indicates that the measured angle of arrival of the one or more first signals reflected by the target object relative to the position of the UE or the position of the first network node is within the angular range; The first sensing result indicates that the number of detection peaks in the measurement periodogram of the one or more first signals exceeds the target number; The first perception result indicates that the distance between the detection peaks of the one or more first signals reflected by the target object is within a first defined distance or exceeds a second defined distance; or The first perception result indicates that the target object is not clutter.

15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the sensing service information associated with the sensing service further includes a sensing configuration indicating information on communication resources for transmitting one or more first signals associated with the sensing service.

16. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 15, wherein the one or more first signals are positioning reference signals PRS.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the sensing service information associated with the sensing service is carried in a system information block message.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the UE is in an idle state or in an inactive state.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the UE is in a connected state, and the sensing service information associated with the sensing service is carried in at least one of the following: Wireless Resource Control Notification; or Radio Resource Control reconfiguration message.

20. A method for a network node, comprising: Sending perception service information associated with a perception service to a user equipment (UE), wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the perception service, and the perception service information and the at least one criterion allow the UE to perform at least one operation associated with the perception service accordingly; as well as The UE receives a first perception result associated with sensing one or more first signals, which are associated with the perception service.

21. A method for a core network entity, comprising: Configure perception service information associated with a perception service, wherein the perception service information includes information associated with at least one criterion that triggers the perception service, and the perception service information and the at least one criterion allow a user device (UE) to perform at least one operation associated with the perception service accordingly; as well as The UE receives a first perception result associated with sensing one or more first signals, which are associated with the perception service.

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