Systems, apparatus, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable media for wireless communication using distributed resource units with improved power distribution

Abstract

A method of communication includes transmitting a signal to a device using a first resource unit (RU) in an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), where the OFDMA PPDU includes a plurality of subcarriers used to transmit data, pilot symbols, or a combination thereof. The first RU is one of a plurality of RUs of the OFDMA PPDU, each RU including a subset of the plurality of subcarriers, each pair of adjacent subcarriers of each RU being separated by substantially the same number of subcarriers belonging to one or more other RUs of the plurality of RUs. In some embodiments, the subcarriers of each RU are the same as determined according to a design method that reorders the plurality of subcarriers using a co-prime interleaving method.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 637,202, filed April 22, 2024, and U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 958,477, filed November 25, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention generally relates to communication systems, apparatus, methods and non-transient computer-readable storage devices or media, and more particularly to systems, apparatus, methods and non-transient computer-readable storage devices or media that employ distributed resource units with improved power distribution for wireless communication. Background Technology

[0003] Wireless communication systems such as IEEE 802.11ac (WI-FI® 5; WI-FI is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance of Austin, Texas, USA) and IEEE 802.11ax (WI-FI® 6) systems are required to meet power spectral density (PSD) requirements set by regulatory agencies. These requirements set upper limits on transmit (TX) power, for example, within each (1) megahertz (MHz). Total TX power is also regulated.

[0004] In wireless communication systems using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA, which uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for multiple access) (such as the IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi® 6) system), the resource unit (RU) is the OFDMA scheduling unit. In traditional wireless communication technologies, an RU typically occupies only a sub-bandwidth of consecutive subcarriers within an OFDM frame, depending on its size. When using OFDMA, different RUs can use different TX powers. However, regulatory requirements for Power Spectrum Distributed ... Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a first communication method is provided, comprising: transmitting a signal to a device using a first resource unit (RU) in an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the OFDMA PPDU includes a plurality of subcarriers for transmitting data, pilot symbols, or combinations thereof; the first RU is one of a plurality of RUs in the OFDMA PPDU; each RU includes a subset of the plurality of subcarriers; and in each RU, each pair of adjacent subcarriers of each RU is separated by substantially the same number of subcarriers belonging to one or more other RUs among the plurality of RUs.

[0006] In some embodiments, the subcarriers of each RU are the same as the subcarriers determined according to a design method that rearranges the plurality of subcarriers using a coprime interleaving method.

[0007] In some embodiments, the design method includes: indexing the plurality of subcarriers to obtain a first sequence comprising a plurality of consecutive indices of the subcarriers; rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain a second sequence; dividing the second sequence into a plurality of consecutive blocks, wherein each block corresponds to a corresponding RU among the plurality of RUs; and determining the plurality of RUs based on the plurality of consecutive blocks.

[0008] In some embodiments, rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: rearranging the first sequence... Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. , n =0…… N –1, where, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is...

[0009] for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The interval or distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU and its relation to N Coprime, making p and NThere are no other common factors except for 1 (1).

[0010] In some embodiments, for j =1…… J , ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers per RU J The number of RUs is given by max(), which represents the maximum value function.

[0011] In some embodiments, rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: rearranging the first sequence... Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. , n =0…… N –1, where, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is...

[0012] for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU. p and N There exists at least one common factor; the design method further includes: filling the first sequence with... Additional indexes to expand the first sequence to A series of consecutive indices, and will N Updated to ,in, In order to make p With the updated N The smallest coprime integer. The length of the first sequence before the padding; after the rearrangement of the first sequence and before the partitioning of the second sequence, the length of the second sequence is removed. Additional indexes.

[0013] In some embodiments, p and Coprime, , j =1…… J , ,in, For the firstj The number of subcarriers in each RU, where max() represents the maximum value function. To calculate greater than or equal to x A function of the smallest integer.

[0014] In some embodiments, rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: rearranging the first sequence... Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. , n =0…… N –1, where, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is...

[0015] for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU. p and N There exists at least one common factor; the design method further includes: removing from the first sequence indexes and N Updated to ,in, In order to make p With the updated N The smallest coprime integer. Equal to the first sequence in the removal of the The length before the index; after the first sequence is rearranged and before the second sequence is partitioned, the length before the index is... The removed index is added to the second sequence.

[0016] In some embodiments, the removal from the first sequence The index includes: removing from the end of the first sequence Indexes.

[0017] In some embodiments, p and Coprime, , j =1…… J ,in, For the first jThe number of subcarriers in each RU, where max() represents the maximum value function. To calculate greater than or equal to x A function of the smallest integer.

[0018] According to one aspect of the present invention, a second communication method is provided, comprising: determining a plurality of subcarriers of a first RU in an OFDMA PPDU; transmitting or receiving signals to a device using the determined first RU; wherein the RU is one of a plurality of RUs in the OFDMA PPDU; each of the plurality of RUs includes a plurality of subcarriers for data and / or pilot symbol transmission; and in each of the plurality of RUs, each pair of adjacent subcarriers of each RU is separated by substantially the same number of subcarriers belonging to one or more other RUs in the plurality of RUs.

[0019] In some embodiments, determining the plurality of subcarriers of the first RU in the OFDMA PPDU includes: rearranging all subcarriers of the OFDMA PPDU using a coprime interleaving method; and determining the plurality of subcarriers of the first RU based on the rearranged subcarriers.

[0020] According to one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media functionally coupled to said at least one processor, wherein said one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media include computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform any of the methods described above.

[0021] According to one aspect of the invention, one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage devices or media are provided, comprising computer-executable instructions. When executed, the instructions cause one or more processing units or one or more processors, or other circuits, to perform any of the methods described above.

[0022] According to one aspect of the invention, one or more circuits, such as at least one processing unit or at least one processor or other circuits, are provided for performing any of the methods described above.

[0023] The methods, circuits, non-transient computer-readable storage devices, and systems disclosed herein provide a systematic approach to distribute subcarriers (i.e., tones) across multiple RUs (more specifically, "distributed RUs (DRUs)," each corresponding to a specific station (STA)) within an OFDMA PPDU via coprime interleaving. This ensures that subcarriers within each RU are distributed substantially uniformly (i.e., uniformly or nearly uniformly) across different RU sizes and PPDU bandwidths, thereby avoiding potential subcarrier transmit power imbalances and significantly different subcarrier spacings within and across a DRU. Existing 802.11ax / be RU locations and subcarrier planning can be reused. The DRUs and their arrangement improve communication performance while meeting regulatory PSD requirements.

[0024] By using an (improved) coprime interleaver, the DRU design method disclosed in this paper is not only easy to implement but also flexible, allowing indices in the interleaving / deinterleaving process to be generated "dynamically" without the need for an index mapping table. This reduces the storage space and memory footprint in the system.

[0025] The DRU design methodology disclosed in this paper and the resulting DRU planning may be related to the standardization work on the next-generation IEEE 802.11be operating in the unlicensed millimeter-wave band.

[0026] The DRU design methodology and the resulting DRU planning disclosed in this paper can be applied to WI-FI APs and STAs that simultaneously support sub-7 GHz and millimeter wave bands. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 These are simplified schematic diagrams of communication systems provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A simplified diagram of the access point (AP) of the communication network in the communication system shown. Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A simplified diagram of a station (STA) in a communication system is shown. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the resource unit (RU) in a 20 MHz High Efficiency / Enhanced High Throughput (HE / EHT) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU). Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the RU location in a 40 MHz HE / EHT PPDU; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the RU location in an 80 MHz EHT PPDU; Figure 7A and Figure 7B It is a regular RU (RRU) Figure 7A ) and Distributed RU (DRU) Figure 7B A schematic diagram of ( ); Figure 8 This is a table of subcarrier planning for a distributed RU (DRU) with a distributed bandwidth of 20 MHz; Figure 9 This is a table of subcarrier planning for a distributed RU (DRU) with a distributed bandwidth of 40 MHz; Figure 10 This is a table of subcarrier planning for a distributed RU (DRU) with a distributed bandwidth of 80 MHz; Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a DRU design process using coprime interleaving provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 12 These are some embodiments provided by the present invention. Figure 11 The detailed flowchart of the DRU design process is shown below; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of an example PPDU that includes multiple RRUs; Figure 14A Based on Figure 13 The diagram shows the first available subcarrier sequence constructed by the PPDU. Figure 14B Through the Figure 14A The diagram shows a second available subcarrier sequence obtained by coprime interleaving the first available subcarrier sequence. Figure 15A yes Figure 14B The diagram shown is a reordered version of the second available subcarrier sequence. Figure 15B It is Figure 15A The diagram shows a PPDU formed by combining the DRU in the second available subcarrier sequence with multiple unavailable subcarriers. Figure 16 This is a flowchart of a DRU design process using coprime interleaving provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a PPDU that includes multiple subcarriers; Figure 18A It is aimed at Figure 17 The diagram shows the first available subcarrier sequence constructed by the PPDU. Figure 18B Through the Figure 18A The diagram shows a second available subcarrier sequence obtained by coprime interleaving the first available subcarrier sequence. Figure 19A yes Figure 18B The diagram shown is a reordered version of the second available subcarrier sequence. Figure 19B It is Figure 19A The diagram shows a PPDU formed by combining the DRU in the second available subcarrier sequence with multiple unavailable subcarriers. Figure 20 A is a schematic diagram of an example of RRU partitioning of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU including 234 available subcarriers; Figure 20 B is used Figure 12 or Figure 16 The diagram shown illustrates an example of DRU partitioning with a 20MHz OFDMA PPDU containing 234 available subcarriers, obtained from the DRU design flow. Figure 21 A is a schematic diagram of an example of RRU partitioning of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU including 468 available subcarriers; Figure 21 B is used Figure 12 or Figure 16 The diagram shown illustrates an example of DRU partitioning with a 40MHz OFDMA PPDU containing 468 available subcarriers, obtained from the DRU design flow. Figure 22 This is a flowchart of a DRU design process using coprime interleaving and sequence padding provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 23 It is used for Figure 22 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of virtual subcarrier padding in the DRU design flow; Figure 24 It is used for Figure 22 A schematic diagram of another example of virtual subcarrier padding in the DRU design flow is shown; Figure 25 It is used for Figure 22 A schematic diagram illustrating yet another example of virtual subcarrier padding in the DRU design flow; Figure 26 It is used for Figure 22A schematic diagram illustrating yet another example of virtual subcarrier padding in the DRU design flow; Figure 27 A is a schematic diagram of an example of RRU partitioning of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU including 234 available subcarriers; Figure 27 B is used Figure 22 The diagram shown illustrates an example of DRU partitioning with a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU containing 234 available subcarriers, obtained from the DRU design flow. Figure 27 C is through Figure 27 The diagram shown in B is an example of a DRU partitioning of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU with 234 available subcarriers obtained after reordering. Figure 28 It is being executed Figure 22 The diagram shows the first and second available subcarrier sequences obtained during the DRU design process, including the first available subcarrier sequence with virtual subcarriers padded at the end, the second available subcarrier sequence with virtual subcarriers rearranged to their respective positions, and the second available subcarrier sequence after removing the virtual subcarriers. Figure 29 A is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into four (4) 52-tone RRUs and one (1) 26-tone RRU, which is located in the center with two 52-tone RRUs on each side. Figure 29 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into four (4) 52-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU, which are used Figure 22 The DRU design flow shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =4; Figure 30 A is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 238 available subcarriers, which are divided into two (2) 106-tone RRUs and one (1) 26-tone RRU, which is located in the center with one 106-tone RRU on each side. Figure 30B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 238 available subcarriers, which are divided into two (2) 106-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU, which are used Figure 22 The DRU design flow shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =2; Figure 31 A is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 468 available subcarriers, which are divided into 18 RRUs, each of which comprises 26 subcarriers; Figure 31 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 468 available subcarriers, which are divided into 18 DRUs, each containing 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =18; Figure 32 A is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 468 available subcarriers, which are divided into eight (8) RRUs comprising 52 subcarriers each and two (2) RRUs comprising 26 subcarriers each; Figure 32 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 468 available subcarriers, which are divided into eight (8) DRUs each comprising 52 subcarriers and two (2) DRUs each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =9; Figure 33 A is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 476 available subcarriers, which are divided into four (4) RRUs each comprising 106 subcarriers and two (2) RRUs each comprising 26 subcarriers; Figure 33 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 476 available subcarriers, which are divided into four (4) DRUs each comprising 106 subcarriers and two (2) DRUs each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =4; Figure 34 A is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 484 available subcarriers, which are divided into two (2) RRUs, each of which comprises 242 subcarriers; Figure 34 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 484 available subcarriers, which are divided into two (2) DRUs, each comprising 242 subcarriers, which are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =2; Figure 35 A is a schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 936 available subcarriers, which are divided into 36 RRUs, each RRU comprising 26 subcarriers; Figure 35 B is a schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 936 available subcarriers, which are divided into 36 DRUs, each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =18; Figure 36 A is a schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 936 available subcarriers, which are divided into 16 RRUs comprising 52 subcarriers each and four (4) RRUs comprising 26 subcarriers each; Figure 36 B is a schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 936 available subcarriers, which are divided into 16 DRUs each comprising 52 subcarriers and four (4) DRUs each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =18; Figure 37A is a schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 952 available subcarriers, which are divided into eight (8) RRUs comprising 106 subcarriers each and four (4) RRUs comprising 26 subcarriers each. Figure 37 B is a schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 952 available subcarriers, which are divided into eight (8) DRUs each comprising 106 subcarriers and four (4) DRUs each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =8; Figure 38 This is a flowchart of a DRU design process using coprime interleaving and sequence shortening provided in some embodiments of the present invention; Figures 39A to 39H An example of a DRU design flow using coprime interleaving and sequence shortening is shown (for illustrative purposes only and may not be a real-world scenario). Figure 40 A is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into nine (9) RRUs, each of which comprises 26 subcarriers; Figure 40 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into nine (9) DRUs, each comprising 26 subcarriers, which are used Figure 38 The DRU design flow shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =9; Figure 41 A is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into four (4) 52-tone RRUs and one (1) 26-tone RRU (the 26-tone RRU is located in the center, with two 52-tone RRUs on each side). Figure 41 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into four (4) 52-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU, which are used Figure 38The DRU design flow shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =4; Figure 42 A is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 238 available subcarriers, which are divided into two (2) 106-tone RRUs and one (1) 26-tone RRU (the 26-tone RRU is located in the center, with one 106-tone RRU on each side). Figure 42 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 238 available subcarriers, which are divided into two (2) 106-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU, which are used Figure 38 The DRU design flow shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =2; Figure 43 It includes three (3) 52-tone DRUs and three (3) 26-tone DRUs with a subcarrier spacing of p A schematic diagram of a DRU program with a value of 4; Figure 44 It must include at least two 106-tone DRUs and have a subcarrier spacing of [missing information]. p A schematic diagram of a DRU program with a value of 2; Figure 45 This is a schematic diagram showing how a first available subcarrier sequence of length 236 is transformed into a first available subcarrier sequence of length 238 by inserting two virtual subcarriers into the first available subcarrier sequence; Figure 46 It includes one (1) 106-tone DRU, two (2) 52-tone FRUs and one (1) 26-tone FRU with a subcarrier spacing of p A schematic diagram of a DRU program with a value of 2; Figure 47 Some embodiments of the present invention provide a basis for Figure 29 The diagram shown in B illustrates the subcarrier distribution in a 52+26-tone multiple DRU (M-DRU) by planning a DRU including four (4) 52-tone DRUs and one 26-tone DRU. Figures 48A to 48C This is provided by some embodiments of the present invention through... Figure 47 The diagram shows how subcarriers are combined to obtain an M-DRU. Figure 49Aand Figure 49B This is provided by some embodiments of the present invention through... Figure 30 The diagram shown in B illustrates the combination of subcarriers to obtain an M-DRU. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatuses, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage devices that employ distributed resource units for wireless communication. The wireless communication systems, apparatuses, and methods disclosed herein can be any system, apparatus, and method suitable for wireless signal transmission. Examples of such systems may include wireless local-area network (WLAN) Ultra High Reliability (UHR) systems (such as IEEE 802.11bn or Wi-Fi® 8 systems), 5G or 6G wireless mobile communication systems, etc.

[0029] A. System Structure Now go to Figure 1 The figure illustrates a communication system provided by some embodiments of the present invention, which is generally identified by reference numeral 100. For example, the communication system 100 may be a Wi-Fi® system built based on relevant standards such as the IEEE 802.11 standard. As shown, the communication system 100 includes multiple interconnected network devices 102, such as multiple interconnected access points (APs) (also called "base stations"), which constitute a distribution system (DS) 104. The distribution system 104 is then connected to other networks, such as the Internet 108. Other networks may include computer networks and / or subnets (internal networks) and include protocols such as Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and / or User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

[0030] Each AP 102 wirelessly communicates with one or more mobile or fixed stations (STAs) 112 via a corresponding wireless channel 114, thereby providing wireless network connectivity to these stations. In this document, AP 102 and STA 112 can be considered as different types of network nodes (or simply "nodes") in the communication system 100. Each AP 102 and the STAs 112 connected to it together constitute a cell or basic service set (BSS) 118.

[0031] Figure 2This is a simplified schematic diagram of AP 102. As shown, AP 102 includes at least one processing unit 142 (also referred to as at least one "processor"), at least one transmitter (TX) 144, at least one receiver (RX) 146 (both collectively referred to as transceivers), one or more antennas 148, at least one memory 150, and one or more input / output components or interfaces 152. A scheduler 154 may be coupled to the processing unit 142. The scheduler 154 may be included within AP 102 or may operate independently of AP 102. Each of these components 142 to 154 may be implemented as one or more circuits (such as one or more electronic circuits and / or one or more optical circuits). Alternatively, the collection of these components 142 to 154 may be implemented as one or more circuits.

[0032] Processing unit 142 is used to perform various processing operations, such as signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, or any other suitable function. Processing unit 142 may include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, FPGA, and / or ASIC, etc. In some embodiments, processing unit 142 may execute computer-executable instructions or code stored in memory 150 to perform various processes (or methods) described below.

[0033] Each transmitter 144 may include any suitable structure for generating signals (control signals detailed below) for wireless transmission to one or more STAs 112. Each receiver 146 may include any suitable structure for processing signals wirelessly received from one or more STAs 112. Although at least one transmitter 144 and at least one receiver 146 are shown as separate components, they may be integrated and implemented as a transceiver. Each antenna 148 may include any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals. Although the shared antenna 148 is in Figure 2 The antenna is shown as coupled to transmitter 144 and receiver 146, but one or more antennas 148 may be coupled to transmitter 144 and one or more other antennas 148 may be coupled to receiver 146.

[0034] In some embodiments, AP 102 may include a plurality of transmitters 144 and receivers 146 (or a plurality of transceivers) and a plurality of antennas 148 for communication in its cell 118.

[0035] Each memory 150 may include any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile memory, such as RAM, ROM, hard disk, optical disk, SIM card, solid-state memory, Memory Stick, and / or SD memory card. Memory 150 may be used to store instructions executable by processing unit 142, as well as data used, generated, or collected by processing unit 142. For example, memory 150 may store instructions for software, software systems, or software modules executable by processing unit 142, which are used to implement some or all of the functions and / or embodiments of the processes performed by AP 102 as described herein.

[0036] Each input / output component 152 is capable of interacting with a user or other devices in the communication system 100. Each input / output device 152 may include any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and may be a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touchscreen, and / or network communication interface, etc.

[0037] In this document, STA 112 can be any suitable wireless device that can join the communication system 100 via AP 102 to achieve wireless operation. In various embodiments, STA 112 can be a wireless electronic device for human or user use (such as a smartphone, mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), laptop, desktop computer, tablet, smartwatch, and / or consumer electronics device, etc.). STA 112 can also be a wireless sensor, Internet of Things (IoT) device, robot, shopping cart, vehicle, smart TV, smart home appliance, wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), or mobile station, etc. Depending on the implementation, STA 112 can move autonomously, or under direct or remote human control, or be fixed in a location.

[0038] In some embodiments, STA 112 may be a multimode wireless electronic device capable of operating according to a variety of wireless access technologies and including multiple transceivers required to support such technologies.

[0039] Additionally, some or all of STA 112 include the ability to communicate with different wireless devices and / or wireless networks via different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. STA 112 may communicate with other devices or switches (not shown) and with the Internet 106 via wired communication channels, rather than via wireless communication (or via wired communication in addition to wireless communication). For example, multiple STA 112 (such as STA 112 adjacent to each other) may communicate directly with each other via suitable wired or wireless sidelinks.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a simplified schematic diagram of STA 112. As shown, STA 112 includes at least one processing unit 202, at least one transceiver 204, at least one antenna or network interface controller (NIC) 206, at least one positioning module 208, one or more input / output components 210, at least one memory 212, and at least one other communication component 214. Each of these components 202 to 214 can be implemented as one or more circuits (such as one or more electronic circuits and / or one or more optical circuits). Alternatively, the collection of these components 202 to 214 can be implemented as one or more circuits.

[0041] Processing unit 202 is used to perform various processing operations, such as signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, or any other functions, to enable STA 112 to access and join the communication system 100 and operate therein. Processing unit 202 can also be used to implement some or all of the functions of STA 112 described in this invention. Processing unit 202 may include a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, accelerator, graphics processing unit (GPU), tensor processing unit (TPU), FPGA, or ASIC. Examples of processing unit 202 may include ARM® microprocessors (ARM is a registered trademark of Arm Ltd., Cambridge, UK), INTEL® microprocessors (INTEL is a registered trademark of Intel Corp., Santa Clara, California, USA), and AMD® microprocessors (AMD is a registered trademark of Advanced Micro Devices Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA), manufactured by Qualcomm and other manufacturers based on the ARM® architecture. In some embodiments, the processing unit 202 may execute computer-executable instructions or code stored in the memory 212 to perform the various processes described below.

[0042] At least one transceiver 204 may be used to modulate data or other content for transmission via at least one antenna 206, thereby communicating with AP 102. Transceiver 204 is also used to demodulate data or other content received via at least one antenna 206. Each transceiver 204 may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless transmission and / or processing wirelessly received signals. Each antenna 206 may include any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals. Although transceiver 204 is shown as a single functional unit, it may be implemented individually as at least one transmitter and at least one receiver.

[0043] Positioning module 208 is used to communicate with multiple global or regional positioning devices (such as navigation satellites) to determine the location of STA 112. Navigation satellites may be satellites of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), such as the US Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's GLONASS, the European Union's Galileo positioning system, and / or China's BeiDou system. Navigation satellites may also be satellites of regional navigation satellite systems (RNSS), such as India's Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) or Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS). In some other embodiments, positioning module 208 may be used to communicate with multiple indoor positioning devices to determine the location of STA 112.

[0044] One or more input / output components 210 are used to interact with a user or other devices in the communication system 100. Each input / output component 210 may include any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and may be a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display and / or touchscreen, etc.

[0045] At least one memory 212 is used to store instructions executable by the processing unit 202, as well as data used, generated, or collected by the processing unit 202. For example, the memory 212 may store instructions for software, software systems, or software modules executable by the processing unit 202, which are used to implement some or all of the functions and / or embodiments of the STA 112 described herein. Each memory 212 may include any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval components, such as RAM, ROM, hard disk, optical disk, SIM card, solid-state storage module, memory stick, and / or SD memory card, etc.

[0046] At least one other communication component 214 is used to communicate with other devices such as STA 112 via other communication methods such as a wireless link, a BLUETOOTH® link (BLUETOOTH is a registered trademark of Bluetooth Sig Inc., Kirkland, Washington, USA), and / or a wired side link. Examples of wired side links may be USB cables, network cables, parallel cables, and / or serial cables.

[0047] In some embodiments, STA 112 may include a plurality of transceivers 204 and a plurality of antennas 206 for communicating with AP 102.

[0048] In communication between AP 102 and STA 112, the transmission from STA 112 to AP 102 is typically referred to as the uplink (UL), and therefore the radio channel used for this transmission is called the uplink channel. The transmission from AP 102 to STA 112 is typically referred to as the downlink (DL), and therefore the radio channel used for this transmission is called the downlink channel. Suitable modulation techniques can be used for communication between AP 102 and STA 112. For example, in some embodiments, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) can be used, where channel 114 is divided into multiple orthogonal sub-channels for communication between AP 102 and STA 112. Furthermore, since multiple STAs 112 typically communicate with the same AP 102, suitable multiple access techniques can be used. For example, in some embodiments, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) can be used for communication between AP 102 and STA 112.

[0049] B. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access and Resource Unit B-1. Resource Units and Subcarrier Distribution Some wireless communication systems, such as the IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi® 6) system, use OFDMA for multiple access. Typically, OFDMA uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to enable multiple users to transmit data simultaneously.

[0050] For example, in the IEEE 802.11ax system, devices such as AP 102 or STA 112 use physical layer protocol data units (PPDUs) to transmit data. A PPDU contains a preamble and a data field containing OFDM symbols. As understood by those skilled in the art, an OFDM symbol combines data elements into multiple subcarriers (also called “tones”) and uses a cyclic prefix to suppress inter-symbol interference. The number of subcarriers in an OFDM symbol depends on its bandwidth (BW). In IEEE 802.11ax, the subcarrier spacing is 78.125 kilohertz (kHz), and the OFDM BW (i.e., the BW of the OFDM symbol; also called “OFDMA BW” when using OFDMA) can be 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. Accordingly, the number of OFDM subcarriers (i.e., subcarriers in an OFDM symbol; also referred to hereinafter as "OFDMA subcarriers" when OFDMA is used) can be 256, 512, or 1024. Some of these subcarriers are unused, including direct-current (DC) subcarriers (also known as directly converted subcarriers, which include subcarriers with a frequency equal to the RF carrier frequency and some of their adjacent subcarriers), guard subcarriers, and empty subcarriers. Therefore, the available subcarriers are typically a subset of all OFDM subcarriers.

[0051] When using OFDMA, the available OFDMA subcarriers are divided into multiple resource units (RUs) to be allocated to multiple users for data and pilot transmission. In OFDMA transmission, each RU in the PPDU is assigned to a specific STA so that data from multiple STAs can be multiplexed within a single PPDU.

[0052] In the prior art, continuous subcarrier RUs (hereinafter referred to as "conventional RUs" or "RRUs") are used, where each RU consists of multiple continuous subcarriers. The minimum number of subcarriers in an RU is 26, which constitutes the basic RU size, and larger RU sizes are built based on 26-tone RUs.

[0053] For example, Figure 4 and Figure 5 The RU locations in a 20 MHz High Efficiency (HE; defined in IEEE 802.11ax) PPDU and a 40 MHz High Efficiency / Enhanced High Throughput (HE / EHT) PPDU are shown respectively (from section 27.3.2.2 of IEEE P802.11-REVme / D4.1). Figure 27-5 and Figure 27-6 ). Figure 6 The RU location in the 80 MHz EHT PPDU is shown (see section 36.3.2.1 of IEEE P802.11be / D5.0).

[0054] In the 6 GHz low-power indoor (LPI) band, regulatory agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) have established strict rules for limits on the maximum equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) power spectral density (PSD). For example, the limit for non-AP STA 112 is –1 dBm / MHz. This limits transmission range and / or reduces transmission rates.

[0055] Currently, the development of the IEEE 802.11bn (Ultra-high Reliability (UHR)) standard for next-generation WLANs is underway. One of the most important goals of UHR is to improve reliability. The FCC has allocated approximately 1.2 GHz of unlicensed spectrum in the 6 GHz band for low-power indoor applications. According to FCC regulations, the maximum conducted output power spectral density (PSD) is as follows: 5 dBm / MHz for APs and –1 dBm / MHz for STAs. These FCC regulations significantly limit the transmit power of Wi-Fi APs / STAs operating in the 6 GHz LPI band compared to devices operating in other unlicensed frequency bands. This could lead to significantly shorter communication links and / or reduced reliability.

[0056] A distributed resource unit (DRU) (see IEEE 802.11-23-0037r0) can also be used in OFDMA systems to distribute a user's subcarriers across a wider spectrum portion within the PPDU bandwidth. In other words, the concept of a DRU is to distribute the continuously allocated data / pilot subcarriers in an RRU (currently specified in 802.11) across a wider spectrum shared with other RUs. Therefore, the data / pilot subcarrier spacing in the DRU needs to be a multiple of the subcarrier spacing specified in 802.11ax / be, and under the regulations for the output PSD, the transmit power of each distributed subcarrier in the DRU can be enhanced. More specifically, by using a DRU, the number of subcarriers a user has within one (1) MHz is reduced, and transmit power can be increased, which can increase the transmission distance and / or improve the reliability of STAs operating in the LPI band.

[0057] Figure 7A and Figure 7B The RRU inside the BW of the PPDU is shown. Figure 7A ) and DRU ( Figure 7B Due to the subcarrier distribution, the transmit power p2 of each subcarrier in the DRU can be greater than the transmit power p1 of each subcarrier in the RRU.

[0058] Figures 8 to 10 The DRU subcarrier planning tables considered in IEEE 802.11-24-0468r1 for distributed BWs of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz are shown respectively. It can be seen that some DRU subcarrier plans have different subcarrier spacings. For example, as... Figure 8 As shown, the 52-tone DRU subcarrier plan includes DRU1, DRU2, DRU3 and DRU4, with each DRU having a subcarrier spacing of four (4) subcarriers. However, in the 26-tone DRU subcarrier plan, the subcarrier spacing of DRU5 is nine (9) subcarriers.

[0059] As those skilled in the art will recognize, the subcarrier distribution of the DRU is critical to system performance and implementation. Different subcarrier spacings in different DRUs may degrade system performance and / or create implementation difficulties.

[0060] For example, in Figure 8In the DRU subcarrier planning with a distributed BW of 20 MHz shown, the subcarrier spacing in different DRUs of different sizes is different for different users in OFDMA (for example, a 52-tone DRU with a subcarrier spacing of four (4) subcarriers and a 26-tone DRU with a subcarrier spacing of nine (9) subcarriers (i.e., DRU5), and a 106-tone DRU with a subcarrier spacing of two (2) subcarriers and a 26-tone DRU with a subcarrier spacing of nine (9) subcarriers (i.e., DRU5)).

[0061] exist Figure 9 In the DRU subcarrier planning with a distributed BW of 40 MHz shown, the subcarrier spacing in different DRUs of different sizes is different for different users in OFDMA (e.g., a 52-tone DRU with a subcarrier spacing of nine (9) subcarriers and a 26-tone DRU with a subcarrier spacing of 18 subcarriers (i.e., DRU5, DRU14), and a 106-tone DRU with a subcarrier spacing of three (3) or four (4) subcarriers and a 26-tone DRU with a subcarrier spacing of 18 subcarriers (i.e., DRU5, DRU14)).

[0062] exist Figure 10 In the DRU subcarrier layout shown with a distributed BW of 80 MHz, the subcarrier spacing of all DRUs is equal. However, this DRU subcarrier layout does not use any arrangement of mixed 52-tone and 26-tone DRUs or mixed 106-tone and 26-tone DRUs, resulting in a loss of approximately 11% in spectral efficiency.

[0063] B-2. Subcarrier distribution based on prime number interleaving In view of the above disadvantages, in some embodiments, the communication system 100 uses OFDMA (referred to as the "OFDMA system") for multiple access and uses DRU subcarrier planning with substantially uniform (or nearly uniform) subcarrier spacing to maintain the same performance among different users.

[0064] More specifically, in these embodiments, the subcarriers (including data subcarriers and pilot subcarriers) of the DRU of STA 112 are distributed substantially uniformly (or nearly uniformly, or as uniformly as possible) across the BW of the DRU to maximize the power of each subcarrier based on the regulatory agency's PSD limitation rules. Here, the BW of the DRU refers to the BW from the lowest frequency subcarrier to its highest frequency subcarrier of the DRU. It should be noted that, according to this definition, each DRU shares its BW with one or more other DRUs.

[0065] There are several methods for designing this substantially uniform DRU subcarrier distribution. Preferably, this design method is flexible for different DRU sizes (in terms of the total number of subcarriers per DRU) and different PPDU BWs. It is also desirable that the subcarrier distribution has a feasible implementation and simple signaling. Furthermore, the DRUs preferably have the same set of RU sizes as their corresponding RRUs.

[0066] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of process 300 for designing or otherwise obtaining a DRU in an OFDMA PPDU with substantially uniform subcarrier distribution through (improved) coprime interleaving.

[0067] As described above, the subcarriers of OFDMA PPDU 302 can be classified into various types of subcarriers based on their purpose, including available subcarriers (e.g., subcarriers used to transmit data symbols (referred to as "data subcarriers") and / or subcarriers used to transmit pilot symbols (referred to as "pilot subcarriers")) and unavailable subcarriers (e.g., edge subcarriers, guard subcarriers and / or DC subcarriers).

[0068] The available subcarriers of OFDMA PPDU 302 have been divided into J One RRU 304, of which, for , No. j One RRU (denoted as , j =1…… J )include One available subcarrier. For example, it can be based on relevant standards (e.g., according to...). Figure 4 , Figure 5 or Figure 6 The subcarrier planning shown depends on the BW (Browser Width) of the PPDU 302. J 304 RRUs.

[0069] Then, through splicing J Each RRU acquires the first available subcarrier sequence 306. The length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 is... .

[0070] Then, the first available subcarrier sequence 306 is interleaved, rearranged, or otherwise reordered using a suitable interleaver (or a suitable interleaving method) to generate a second available subcarrier sequence 308 (also referred to as a "reordered available subcarrier sequence").

[0071] Interleavers have been widely used in other areas of communication systems, where they reorder symbol sequences in a one-to-one mapping manner. For example, the coprime interleaver (also known as "coprime interleaving") used in Turbo coding in 3GPP LTE cellular systems has proven to be a practical interleaver with good symbol extension properties and ease of implementation.

[0072] Coprime interleaver pairs with lengths of N input sequence ( n =0…… N The symbols in –1) are interleaved, rearranged, or otherwise reordered to obtain the output sequence. The output sequence is of size N Galois domain (denoted as GF) N The input sequence has a specific distance or interval, where the index of the input sequence is... n Index of the output interleaved sequence The relationship between them is: for n =0…… N –1, (1) in," x mod y " indicates calculation x Divide by y The modulus function of the remainder, p As a parameter and with N Coprime (i.e.) p and N (There are no other common factors except for 1 (1)). n =0…… N –1, Therefore, interleaved sequences ={ ,…, }

[0073] In these embodiments, a coprime interleaver is used to interleave, rearrange, or otherwise reorder the first available subcarrier sequence 306, wherein, N The total number of available subcarriers. , p The subcarrier spacing in each DRU, i.e. p The distance or interval between adjacent subcarriers in each DRU is determined. Then, the second available subcarrier sequence 308 is obtained.

[0074] The second available subcarrier sequence 308 is divided into JThere are 310 DRUs, each with the same length as its corresponding RRU 304. In other words, the length ( DRU j ) = length ( RRU j )= N j ( j =1…… J ), where length ( x )express x Length, DRU j Indicates the first j One DRU.

[0075] In acquiring J After DRU 310, based on the required subcarriers and resource allocation in the PPDU, unavailable subcarriers such as edge subcarriers, guard subcarriers, and DC subcarriers are inserted into the OFDMA PPDU (e.g., in their original positions), thereby obtaining a subset of... J The OFDMA PPDU 314 of the DRU. Then, the acquired PPDU 310 includes subcarriers with the most uniform spacing possible. J 310 DRUs.

[0076] Figure 12 This is a detailed flowchart of the DRU design flow 300.

[0077] As shown in the figure, the available subcarriers of OFDMA PPDU 302 have been divided according to relevant standards. J 304 RRUs, of which, ( j=1……J )against include One available subcarrier.

[0078] In step 322, splicing J One RRU, to form a length of The first available subcarrier sequence is 306, i.e. ( n =0…… N –1).

[0079] In step 324, according to equation (1), by using the desired subcarrier spacing as p The coprime interleaver interleaves, rearranges, or otherwise reorders the first available subcarrier sequence 306 to obtain the second available subcarrier sequence 308 (also referred to as the "reordered available subcarrier sequence"). ,in, n =0…… N– 1, , .

[0080] In step 326, the second available subcarrier sequence 308 is divided into J 310 DRUs, where each DRU (DRU) j Each of these corresponds to a specific RRU (RRU) j In other words, DRU j with RRU j All include Subcarriers, DRU j The starting position in the second available subcarrier sequence and the RRU j The starting positions in the first available subcarrier sequence are the same. In other words, if the RRU j include{ subcarriers in} to Then DRU j include{ subcarriers in} to It should be noted that the second available subcarrier sequence 310 obtained is based on... n =0…… N -1 is used for sorting.

[0081] Optionally, in step 328, according to k =0 to N –1 Reorder the second available subcarrier sequence 310 obtained from the partitioning.

[0082] In step 330, the DRU 310 is combined with unavailable subcarriers (e.g., guard subcarriers, edge subcarriers, DC subcarriers and / or empty subcarriers, which can be added to their original positions) to obtain a PPDU 314 including the DRU.

[0083] Figures 13 to 15B An example is shown (for illustrative purposes only and may not be a real-world scenario). As shown, the OFDMA PPDU 302 includes 18 subcarriers, including... N =10 available subcarriers and eight (8) unavailable subcarriers. The 10 available subcarriers are divided into J = 4 RRUs, namely RRU1 to RRU4, wherein RRU1 includes subcarriers –7 and –6, RRU2 includes subcarriers –4, –3 and –2, RRU3 includes subcarriers 2, 3 and 4, and RRU4 includes subcarriers 6 and 7. These eight (8) unavailable subcarriers include three DC subcarriers –1, 0, 1, two empty subcarriers –5, 5, and three guard subcarriers –8, 8, 9.

[0084] like Figure 14A As shown, four (4) RRUs are spliced ​​together (step 322) to form the first available subcarrier sequence. ={–7,–6, –4, –3, –2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7}, where the index of the first available subcarrier sequence is... n =0……9.

[0085] Now, a DRU plan needs to be designed for this PPDU 302, which includes four (4) DRUs, each corresponding to a corresponding RRU, and the subcarrier spacing is... p =3.

[0086] like Figure 14B As shown, the index of the first available subcarrier sequence is input into the coprime interleaver to obtain... k ( n =0, 3, 6, 9, 2, 5, 8, 1, 4, 7 (Step 324). n =0……9. Therefore, the second available subcarrier sequence 308 is ={–7, –3, 3, 7, –4, 2, 6, –6, –2, 4}.

[0087] In step 326, by The system is divided into four (4) DRUs corresponding to the four (4) RRUs, resulting in the following four (4) DRUs: DRU1=[–7, –3], DRU2=[3, 7, –4], DRU3=[2, 6, –6], DRU4=[–2, 4]. Figure 14B As shown, the second available subcarrier sequence 310 obtained by partitioning is based on n The values ​​are sorted according to 0...9.

[0088] In step 328, according to k ( n The second available subcarrier sequence 310, obtained by partitioning, is reordered using the formula 0...9. The reordered second available subcarrier sequence 312 is as follows: Figure 15A As shown, the circled numbers represent the DRU index.

[0089] In step 330, four (4) DRUs are combined with eight (8) unavailable subcarriers, wherein the unavailable subcarriers are inserted into their original positions. The final PPDU 314 comprising four (4) DRUs is obtained, as follows: Figure 15B As shown.

[0090] As those skilled in the art will recognize, through the use of Figure 12The DRU design flow 300 shown can reuse existing HE / EHT RU allocation and subcarrier planning without any modifications, while the subcarriers in each RRU can be distributed in the corresponding DRU with substantially equal subcarrier spacing, having the desired subcarrier spacing. These DRUs maintain the same spectral efficiency as the RRUs specified in HE and EHT.

[0091] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in some embodiments, designing a DRU does not require first defining an RRU. Figure 16 The DRU design flow 300 in these embodiments is shown, and... Figure 12 The process shown is similar, the difference being that DRU design process 300 does not use any RRUs, and step 322 is modified to "obtain the length of..." N The first available subcarrier sequence Instead of using any RRU as a reference, in these embodiments, DRU planning requires arranging... J DRUs, of which DRUs j include Subcarriers ( j =1…… J ), and has subcarrier spacing p , p and N Coprime.

[0092] For example, such as Figure 17 As shown, the PPDU 302 includes 18 subcarriers, including N =10 available subcarriers and eight (8) unavailable subcarriers. The eight (8) unavailable subcarriers include three DC subcarriers located in the center of the PPDU spectrum, two empty subcarriers, and three guard subcarriers located at both ends of the PPDU spectrum. The 10 available subcarriers are divided into four DRUs, of which two DRUs each contain three (3) subcarriers, and the other two DRUs each contain two (2) subcarriers. The subcarrier spacing is p =3.

[0093] like Figure 18A As shown, the first usable subcarrier sequence is formed. ={ s 0, s 1, s 2, s 3, s 4, s 5, s 6, s 7, s 8, s 9}. The index of the first available subcarrier sequence is n=0……9. However, since there is no prior information about the location of available subcarriers, therefore s 0 to s The value of 9 is unknown.

[0094] like Figure 18B As shown, the index of the first available subcarrier sequence is input into the coprime interleaver to obtain... k ( n ) = 0, 3, 6, 9, 2, 5, 8, 1, 4, 7, n =0……9. Therefore, the second available subcarrier sequence 308 is ={ , , , , , , , , , }

[0095] Second available subcarrier sequence Divided into four (4) DRUs, for example, DRU1=[ , , ], DRU2=[ , ], DRU3=[ , ], DRU4=[ , , ]. Figure 19A It shows the basis k ( n The DRU distribution is shown in the diagram, where the circled numbers represent DRU indices.

[0096] Subsequently, by inserting unavailable subcarriers into appropriate positions, four (4) DRUs are combined with eight (8) unavailable subcarriers. The final PPDU 314, comprising four (4) DRUs, is obtained, as follows: Figure 19B As shown.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will recognize that in these embodiments, the empty subcarrier is optional. In other words, including J The PPDU 314 of a DRU may include a null subcarrier, for example, to be compatible with existing standards and / or technologies. Alternatively, for example, if compatibility is not a concern, it may include... J The PPDU 314 of a DRU may not include empty subcarriers.

[0098] Figure 20A and Figure 20 B illustrates an example of RU partitioning for a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers. Unavailable subcarriers are not shown for clarity.

[0099] Figure 20 A illustrates a prior art partitioning in which the available subcarriers of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU are divided into nine (9) RRUs, each of which includes 26 subcarriers.

[0100] Figure 20 B illustrates the DRU partitioning, where the available subcarriers of the 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU utilize a subcarrier spacing of [missing information]. p The coprime interleaver with a value of 7 is divided into nine (9) DRUs, each of which includes 26 subcarriers. Figure 20 In B, the marker symbol "[ a : b : c ] indicates from a arrive c ,by b A sequence of numbers with increment step size (i.e., a sequence) a , a + b , a +2 b ... c ).

[0101] More specifically, the above DRU is: •DRU1: [0:7:175]; •DRU2: [182:7:231] and [4:7:123]; •DRU3: [130:7:228] and [1:7:71]; •DRU4: [78:7:232] and [5:7:19]; •DRU5: [26:7:201]; •DRU6: [208:7:229] and [2:7:149]; •DRU7: [156:7:233] and [6:7:97]; •DRU8: [104:7:230] and [3:7:45]; •DRU9: [52:7:227].

[0102] Figure 21 A and Figure 21B illustrates an example of RU partitioning for a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 468 available subcarriers. Unavailable subcarriers are not shown for clarity.

[0103] Figure 21 A illustrates a prior art partitioning where the available subcarriers of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU are divided into 18 RRUs, each of which comprises 26 subcarriers.

[0104] Figure 21 B illustrates the DRU partitioning, where the available subcarriers of the 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU utilize a subcarrier spacing of [missing information]. p The coprime interleaver with a ratio of 17 is divided into 18 DRUs, each DRU comprising 26 subcarriers. In some embodiments, subcarrier spacing may also be used. p =13. Use p =13 or p =17 ensures that only one subcarrier exists within each MHz bandwidth. In this way, the maximum power of each subcarrier can be transmitted under the FCC rules regarding transmit power PSD.

[0105] More specifically, the above DRU is: •DRU1: [0:17:425]; •DRU2: [442:17:459] and [8:17:399]; •DRU3: [416:17:467] and [16:17:373]; •DRU4: [390:17:458] and [7:17:347]; •DRU5: [364:17:466] and [15:17:321]; •DRU6: [338:17:457] and [6:17:295]; •DRU7: [312:17:465] and [14:17:269]; •DRU8: [286:17:456] and [5:17:243]; •DRU9: [260:17:464] and [13:17:217]; •DRU 10 [234:17:455] and [4:17:191]; •DRU 11 [208:17:463] and [12:17:165]; •DRU 12[182:17:454] and [3:17:139]; •DRU 13 [156:17:462] and [11:17:113]; •DRU 14 [130:17:453] and [2:17:87]; •DRU 15 [104:17:461] and [10:17:61]; •DRU 16 [78:17:452] and [1:17:35]; •DRU 17 [52:17:460] and [9]; •DRU 18 [26:17:451].

[0106] In some embodiments, the DRU design method described herein can divide an OFDMA PPDU into DRUs of different sizes. In some embodiments, using substantially the same subcarrier spacing may be preferable for different DRU sizes.

[0107] In the above embodiments, the subcarrier spacing p Total number of available subcarriers N Coprime. In some embodiments, the subcarrier spacing p Total number of available subcarriers N coprime and ,in, express j =1…… J hour The maximum value (i.e., the maximum size of the DRU).

[0108] In the above embodiments, the subcarrier spacing needs to be carefully selected. p , making p and N Coprime, or make p and N coprime and .

[0109] Figure 22 This is a flowchart of a DRU design flow 300 provided in some embodiments of the present invention. The DRU design flow 300 is related to... Figure 12 The process shown is similar, except that step 322 is different and step 342 has been added, which will be described in detail below.

[0110] In these embodiments, the subcarrier spacing p And the number of available subcarriers (denoted as) The subcarriers are not coprime. Therefore, in step 322, the first available subcarrier sequence is obtained in the following manner. splicing J One RRU 304 is used to form an initial available subcarrier sequence, and this sequence is filled with... 306 virtual subcarriers (each virtual subcarrier represented by a predefined value, etc.) are used to obtain a first available subcarrier sequence 306, such that the subcarrier spacing is... p With the first available subcarrier sequence length Coprime. Here, To make the subcarrier spacing p With the first available subcarrier sequence length The smallest coprime integer.

[0111] In step 324 (and) Figure 12 In step 324 (same as shown), the second available subcarrier sequence is obtained. .

[0112] Then, remove A number of virtual subcarriers (step 342), and the shortened second available subcarrier sequence is divided into J One DRU (step 326, with) Figure 12 The steps shown in step 326 are the same. The remaining steps of process 300 (such as steps 328 and 330) are the same. Figure 12 The steps shown are the same.

[0113] In some embodiments, subcarrier spacing p Number of available subcarriers They are not coprime. Therefore, in step 322, they are spliced ​​together. J One RRU 304 and filled A sequence of virtual subcarriers (represented by predefined values, etc.) is used to obtain the first available subcarrier sequence. ,in, Let be an integer such that: • Subcarrier spacing p With the first available subcarrier sequence length Coprime, and • , j =1…… J , ,in, To calculate greater than or equal to x A function of the smallest integer.

[0114] In the above embodiments, the initial available subcarrier sequence can be filled at any suitable position. A virtual subcarrier. For example, such as Figure 23 As shown, padding can be added at the beginning of the initially available subcarrier sequence. A number of virtual subcarriers, such that the first available subcarrier sequence 306 has the following virtual subcarriers. Each element corresponds to One virtual subcarrier. After interleaving. The virtual subcarriers are distributed in the second available subcarrier sequence 308.

[0115] For example, such as Figure 24 As shown, padding can be added to the end of the initially available subcarrier sequence. A virtual subcarrier, such that the last one in the first available subcarrier sequence 306 Each element corresponds to One virtual subcarrier. After interleaving. The virtual subcarriers are distributed in the second available subcarrier sequence 308.

[0116] For example, such as Figure 25 As shown, the initial available subcarrier sequence can be filled with... A virtual subcarrier, such that the first of the second available subcarrier sequence 308 Each element corresponds to A virtual subcarrier. This can be achieved by indexing the sequence. n =0…… N Interleaving is achieved using -1, eliminating the need to set the value of the first available subcarrier sequence. (Get) k ( n After that, the elements in the first available subcarrier sequence 306 are... ... Set as A virtual subcarrier is used, while the other elements in the first available subcarrier sequence 306 are used as available subcarriers. In this example, The virtual subcarriers are distributed in the first available subcarrier sequence 306.

[0117] For example, such as Figure 26 As shown, the initial available subcarrier sequence can be filled with... A virtual subcarrier, such that the last one in the second available subcarrier sequence 308 Each element corresponds to One virtual subcarrier.

[0118] Figure 27 A includes 234 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=234), in which the available subcarriers are divided into nine (9) RRUs, each of which includes 26 subcarriers.

[0119] Figure 27 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into nine (9) DRUs, each comprising 26 subcarriers, which are used Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =9.

[0120] because p and =234 are not coprime, therefore a dummy subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence. Thus, the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomes N =235 (its index is) n =0……234), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n =26. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into nine (9) DRUs by sequentially selecting subcarriers from the second available subcarrier sequence 308, each DRU comprising 26 subcarriers, wherein virtual subcarriers (which are mapped to the index after interleaving) are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process. k (26) = 234 (i.e., effectively removing the virtual subcarrier from the second available subcarrier sequence 308; see also) Figure 28 ). like Figure 27 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are evenly distributed on the 20 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of nine (9), which is in line with expectations.

[0121] More specifically, Figure 27 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:9:225]; •DRU2: [8:9:233]; •DRU3: [7:9:232]; •DRU4: [6:9:231]; •DRU5: [5:9:230]; •DRU6: [4:9:229]; •DRU7: [3:9:228]; •DRU8: [2:9:227]; •DRU9: [1:9:226].

[0122] exist Figure 27In the DRU plan shown in B, the subcarriers of "adjacent" DRUs are not actually "adjacent". For example, DRU1 includes subcarriers [0:9:225], while DRU2 includes subcarriers [8:9:233]. On the other hand, the "adjacent" subcarriers [0:9:225] and [1:9:226] belong to DRU1 and DRU9, respectively. Therefore, as... Figure 27 As shown in C, it is possible to... Figure 27 The DRU shown in B is reordered so that, after reordering, the subcarriers of "adjacent" DRUs become "adjacent".

[0123] More specifically, Figure 27 The DRU shown in C is: •DRU1: [0:9:225]; •DRU2: [1:9:226]; •DRU3: [2:9:227]; •DRU4: [3:9:228]; •DRU5: [4:9:229]; •DRU6: [5:9:230]; •DRU7: [6:9:231]; •DRU8: [7:9:232]; •DRU9: [8:9:233].

[0124] Figure 29 A includes 234 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=234), in which the available subcarriers are divided into four (4) 52-tone RRUs and one (1) 26-tone RRU (the 26-tone RRU is located in the center, with two 52-tone RRUs on each side).

[0125] Figure 29 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into four (4) 52-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU, which are used Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =4.

[0126] because p and =234 are not coprime, therefore a virtual subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence, and the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomesN =235 (index is) n =0……234), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n =176. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into four (4) 52-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU by sequentially selecting subcarriers from the second available subcarrier sequence 308, wherein virtual subcarriers are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process (the virtual subcarriers are mapped to the index after interleaving). k (176) = 234). For example... Figure 29 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are evenly distributed on the 20 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of four (4), which is as expected.

[0127] More specifically, Figure 29 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:4:204]; •DRU2: [1:4:177] and [208:4:232]; •DRU3: [2:4:46] and [181:4:233]; •DRU4: [3:4:23] and [50:4:230]; •DRU5: [27:4:231].

[0128] Figure 30 A includes 238 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=238), in which the available subcarriers are divided into two (2) 106-tone RRUs and one (1) 26-tone RRU (the 26-tone RRU is located in the center, with one 106-tone RRU on each side).

[0129] Figure 30 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 238 available subcarriers, which are divided into two (2) 106-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU, which are used Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =2.

[0130] because p and =238 are not coprime, therefore a virtual subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence, and the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomesN =239 (index is) n =0……238), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n =119. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into two (2) 106-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU by sequentially selecting subcarriers from the second available subcarrier sequence 308, wherein virtual subcarriers are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process (the virtual subcarriers are mapped to the index after interleaving). k (119) = 238). For example... Figure 30 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are uniformly distributed on the 20 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of two (2), which is in line with expectations.

[0131] More specifically, Figure 30 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:2:210]; •DRU2: [1:2:25] and [212:2:236]; •DRU3: [27:2:237].

[0132] Figure 31 A includes 468 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=468), where the available subcarriers are divided into 18 RRUs, each of which includes 26 subcarriers.

[0133] Figure 31 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 468 available subcarriers, which are divided into 18 DRUs, each containing 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =18.

[0134] because p and =468 are not coprime, therefore a virtual subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence, and the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomes N =469 (index is) n =0……468), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n=26. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into 18 DRUs by sequentially selecting subcarriers from the second available subcarrier sequence 308. Each DRU includes 26 subcarriers, wherein virtual subcarriers (which are mapped to the index after interleaving) are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process. k (26) = 468). For example... Figure 31 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are evenly distributed on the 40 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of 18, which is in line with expectations.

[0135] More specifically, Figure 31 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:18:450]; •DRU2: [17:18:467]; •DRU3: [16:18:466]; •DRU4: [15:18:465]; •DRU5: [14:18:464]; •DRU6: [13:18:463]; •DRU7: [12:18:462]; •DRU8: [11:18:461]; •DRU9: [10:18:460]; •DRU 10 [9:18:459] •DRU 11 [8:18:458] •DRU 12 [7:18:457] •DRU 13 [6:18:456] •DRU 14 [5:18:455] •DRU 15 [4:18:454] •DRU 16 [3:18:453] •DRU 17 [2:18:452] •DRU 18 [1:18:451].

[0136] Figure 32 A includes 468 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=468), in which the available subcarriers are divided into eight (8) RRUs, each consisting of 52 subcarriers, and two (2) RRUs, each consisting of 26 subcarriers.

[0137] Figure 32 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 468 available subcarriers, which are divided into eight (8) DRUs each comprising 52 subcarriers and two (2) DRUs each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =9.

[0138] because p and =468 are not coprime, therefore a virtual subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence, and the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomes N =469 (index is) n =0……468), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n =52. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into eight (8) 52-tone DRUs and two (2) 26-tone DRUs by sequentially selecting subcarriers from the second available subcarrier sequence 308, wherein virtual subcarriers are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process (the virtual subcarriers are mapped to the index after interleaving). k (52) = 468). For example... Figure 32 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are evenly distributed on the 40 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of nine (9), which is in line with expectations.

[0139] More specifically, Figure 32 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:9:459]; •DRU2: [8:9:467]; •DRU3: [7:9:232]; •DRU4: [6:9:231] and [241:9:466]; •DRU5: [5:9:230] and [240:9:465]; •DRU6: [4:9:229] and [239:9:464]; •DRU7: [3:9:228] and [238:9:463]; •DRU8: [237:9:462]; •DRU9: [2:9:461]; •DRU 10 [1:9:460].

[0140] Figure 33 A includes 476 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=476), in which the available subcarriers are divided into four (4) RRUs, each consisting of 106 subcarriers, and two (2) RRUs, each consisting of 26 subcarriers.

[0141] Figure 33 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 476 available subcarriers, which are divided into four (4) DRUs each comprising 106 subcarriers and two (2) DRUs each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =4.

[0142] because p and =476 are not coprime, therefore a virtual subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence, and the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomes N =477 (index is) n =0……476), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n =119. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into four (4) 106-tone DRUs and two (2) 26-tone DRUs by sequentially selecting subcarriers from the second available subcarrier sequence 308, wherein virtual subcarriers are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process (the virtual subcarriers are mapped to the index after interleaving). k (119) = 476). For example... Figure 33 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are evenly distributed on the 40 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of four (4), which is in line with expectations.

[0143] More specifically, Figure 33 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:4:420]; •DRU2: [3:4:51] and [424:4:472]; •DRU3: [55:4:475]; •DRU4: [2:4:422]; •DRU5: [1:4:49] and [426:4:474]; •DRU6: [53:4:473].

[0144] Figure 34 A includes 484 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=484), in which the available subcarriers are divided into two (2) RRUs, each of which includes 242 subcarriers.

[0145] Figure 34 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 40 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 484 available subcarriers, which are divided into two (2) DRUs, each comprising 242 subcarriers, which are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =2.

[0146] because p and =484 are not coprime, therefore a virtual subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence, and the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomes N =485 (index is) n =0……484), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n =242. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into two (2) 242-tone DRUs by sequentially selecting subcarriers from the second available subcarrier sequence 308, wherein virtual subcarriers are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process (the virtual subcarriers are mapped to the index after interleaving). k (242) = 484). For example... Figure 34 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are uniformly distributed on the 40 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of two (2), which is in line with expectations.

[0147] More specifically, Figure 34 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:2:482]; •DRU2: [1:2:483].

[0148] Figure 35 A includes 936 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=936), where the available subcarriers are divided into 36 RRUs, each RRU comprising 26 subcarriers.

[0149] Figure 35 B is a schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 936 available subcarriers, which are divided into 36 DRUs, each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =18.

[0150] because p and =936 are not coprime, therefore a virtual subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence, and the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomes N =937 (index is) n =0……936), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n =52. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into 36 DRUs by sequentially selecting subcarriers from the second available subcarrier sequence 308. Each DRU includes 26 subcarriers, wherein virtual subcarriers (which are mapped to the index after interleaving) are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process. k (52) = 936). For example... Figure 35 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are evenly distributed on the 80 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of 18, which is in line with expectations.

[0151] More specifically, Figure 35 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:18:450]; •DRU2: [468:18:918]; •DRU3: [17:18:467]; •DRU4: [485:18:935]; •DRU5: [16:18:466]; •DRU6: [484:18:934]; •DRU7: [15:18:465]; •DRU8: [483:18:933]; •DRU9: [14:18:464]; •DRU 10 [482:18:932] •DRU 11 :[13:18:463]; •DRU 12 :[481:18:931]; •DRU 13 :[12:18:462]; •DRU 14 :[480:18:930]; •DRU 15 :[11:18:461]; •DRU 16 :[479:18:929]; •DRU 17 :[10:18:460]; •DRU 18 :[478:18:928]; •DRU 19 :[9:18:459]; •DRU 20 :[477:18:927]; •DRU 21 :[8:18:458]; •DRU 22 :[476:18:926]; •DRU 23 :[7:18:457]; •DRU 24 :[475:18:925]; •DRU 25 :[6:18:456]; •DRU 26 :[474:18:924]; •DRU 27 :[5:18:455]; •DRU 28 :[473:18:923]; •DRU 29 :[4:18:454]; •DRU 30 :[472:18:922]; •DRU 31 :[3:18:453]; •DRU 32 :[471:18:921]; •DRU 33 :[2:18:452]; •DRU 34 [470:18:920] •DRU 35 [1:18:451]; •DRU 36 [459:18:919].

[0152] Figure 36 A includes 936 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=936), in which the available subcarriers are divided into 16 RRUs comprising 52 subcarriers each and four (4) RRUs comprising 26 subcarriers each.

[0153] Figure 36 B is a schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 936 available subcarriers, which are divided into 16 DRUs each comprising 52 subcarriers and four (4) DRUs each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =18.

[0154] because p and =936 are not coprime, therefore a virtual subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence, and the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomes N =937 (index is) n =0……936), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n =52. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into 16 DRUs with 52 subcarriers each and four (4) DRUs with 26 subcarriers each by selecting subcarriers sequentially from the second available subcarrier sequence 308, wherein virtual subcarriers are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process (the virtual subcarriers are mapped to the index after interleaving). k (52) = 936). For example... Figure 36 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are evenly distributed on the 80 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of 18, which is in line with expectations.

[0155] More specifically, Figure 36 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:18:918]; •DRU2: [17:18:935]; •DRU3: [16:18:466]; •DRU4: [15:18:465] and [484:18:934]; •DRU5: [14:18:464] and [483:18:933]; •DRU6: [13:18:463] and [482:18:932]; •DRU7: [12:18:462] and [481:18:931]; •DRU8: [480:18:930]; •DRU9: [11:18:929]; •DRU 10 [10:18:928] •DRU 11 [9:18:927] •DRU 12 [8:18:926] •DRU 13 [7:18:457] •DRU 14 [6:18:546] and [475:18:925]; •DRU 15 [5:18:455] and [474:18:924]; •DRU 16 [4:18:454] and [473:18:923]; •DRU 17 [3:18:453] and [472:18:822]; •DRU 18 [471:18:921] •DRU 19 [2:18:920] •DRU 20 [1:18:919].

[0156] Alternatively, a 52-tone DRU can also be obtained by combining two consecutive 26-tone DRUs.

[0157] Figure 37 A includes 952 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=952), in which the available subcarriers are divided into eight (8) RRUs comprising 106 subcarriers each and four (4) RRUs comprising 26 subcarriers each.

[0158] Figure 37 B is a schematic diagram of an example of an 80 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 952 available subcarriers, which are divided into eight (8) DRUs each comprising 106 subcarriers and four (4) DRUs each comprising 26 subcarriers. These DRUs are used... Figure 22 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =8.

[0159] because p and =952 are not coprime, therefore a virtual subcarrier is padded into the initial available subcarrier sequence, and the length of the first available subcarrier sequence 306 becomes N =953 (index is) n =0……952), where the virtual subcarrier is inserted in the index n =119. After rearrangement, the DRUs are arranged into eight (8) DRUs with 106 subcarriers each and four (4) DRUs with 26 subcarriers each by selecting subcarriers sequentially from the second available subcarrier sequence 308, wherein virtual subcarriers are skipped or otherwise omitted during the DRU arrangement process (the virtual subcarriers are mapped to the index after interleaving). k (119) = 952). For example... Figure 37 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are evenly distributed on the 80 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of eight (8), which is as expected.

[0160] More specifically, Figure 37 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:8:840]; •DRU2: [7:8:103] and [848:8:944]; •DRU3: [111:8:951]; •DRU4: [6:8:846]; •DRU5: [5:8:101] and [854:8:950]; •DRU6: [109:8:949]; •DRU7: [4:8:844]; •DRU8: [3:8:99] and [852:8:948]; •DRU9: [107:8:947]; •DRU 10 [2:8:842] •DRU 11[1:8:97] and [850:8:946]; •DRU 12 [105:8:945].

[0161] Figure 38 This is a flowchart of a DRU design flow 300 provided in some embodiments of the present invention. The DRU design flow 300 is related to... Figure 12 The process shown is similar, except that step 322 is different and step 352 has been added, which will be described in detail below.

[0162] In these embodiments, the subcarrier spacing p And the number of available subcarriers (denoted as) The subcarriers are not coprime. Therefore, in step 322, the first available subcarrier sequence is obtained in the following manner. splicing J One RRU 304 is used to form an initial available subcarrier sequence, and then removed from this initial available subcarrier sequence (i.e., from the end of the last RRU). 306 subcarriers are used to obtain a first available subcarrier sequence, such that the subcarrier spacing is 306. p With the first available subcarrier sequence length Coprime. Here, To make the subcarrier spacing p With the first available subcarrier sequence length The smallest coprime integer.

[0163] In step 324 (and) Figure 12 In step 324 (same as shown), the second available subcarrier sequence is obtained. .

[0164] Then, remove The subcarrier is inserted back into the second available subcarrier sequence. (Step 352) to obtain the expanded second available subcarrier sequence, such that the removed subcarriers are consistent with... The distance or spacing between interleaved subcarriers within the subcarrier is at least p .

[0165] In many real-world scenarios, Increase subcarrier spacing p With the first available subcarrier sequence length Coprime. Therefore, in some embodiments for these practical scenarios, the removed subcarrier is directly added to the second available subcarrier sequence. At the end of the sequence, obtain the extended second available subcarrier sequence.

[0166] In some embodiments, use In other words, removing from the initially available subcarrier sequence. ... In these embodiments, after rearranging the initial available subcarrier sequence to obtain a second available subcarrier sequence, The first subcarrier of the subcarriers (i.e. Add to the second available subcarrier sequence At the end. Then, Each subsequent subcarrier in the subcarriers (i.e. ,0< i < Inserted into the second available subcarrier sequence Central (in, The position after which, to obtain the extended second available subcarrier sequence.

[0167] Then, the expanded second available subcarrier sequence is divided into J One DRU (step 326, with) Figure 12 The steps shown in step 326 are the same. The remaining steps of process 300 (such as steps 328 and 330) are the same. Figure 12 The steps shown are the same.

[0168] Figures 39A to 39H An example is shown (for illustrative purposes only and may not be a real-world scenario). For example... Figure 39A As shown, the OFDMA PPDU includes 21 available subcarriers (i.e. These available subcarriers are divided into J =7 RRUs, namely RRU1 to RRU7, each RRU includes three (3) subcarriers. The initial available subcarrier sequence is ... .

[0169] Now, a DRU plan needs to be designed for this PPDU to divide these available subcarriers into seven (7) DRUs, each DRU corresponding to a corresponding RRU, and the subcarrier spacing is [missing information]. p =6.

[0170] like Figure 39B As shown, remove from the initial available subcarrier sequence Subcarriers (i.e.) and ), making the first available subcarrier sequence become ... Its length N =19 and with p =6 are coprime.

[0171] like Figure 39C As shown, a coprime interleaver is used to rearrange the first available subcarrier sequence to obtain the second available subcarrier sequence.

[0172] like Figure 39D As shown, in order to add back the removed subcarriers, the first removed subcarrier is directly added back. (i.e., the index in the removed subcarrier) i Add the subcarrier with =0 to the end of the second available subcarrier sequence, that is, in after.

[0173] like Figure 39E As shown, the second subcarrier is removed. (i.e., the index in the removed subcarrier) i (subcarrier = 1) inserted into the location The subsequent position, that is, in and between.

[0174] The extended second available subcarrier sequence is as follows: Figure 39F As shown.

[0175] like Figure 39G As shown above, based on the seven (7) RRUs, the extended second available subcarrier sequence is divided into J =7 DRUs.

[0176] After reordering, the seven (7) DRUs are as follows Figure 39H As shown.

[0177] As those skilled in the art will recognize, through the use of Figure 38 The DRU design flow 300 shown can reuse existing HE / EHT RU allocation and subcarrier planning without any modifications, while the subcarriers in each RRU can be distributed in the corresponding DRU with substantially equal subcarrier spacing, having the desired subcarrier spacing. These DRUs maintain the same spectral efficiency as the RRUs specified in HE and EHT.

[0178] In some embodiments, subcarrier spacing p Number of available subcarriers They are not coprime. Therefore, in step 322, the first available subcarrier sequence is obtained in the following manner. splicing J One RRU 304 is used to form an initial available subcarrier sequence, and then removed from this initial available subcarrier sequence (i.e., from the end of the last RRU). 306 subcarriers are used to obtain a first available subcarrier sequence 306, wherein... Let be an integer such that: • Subcarrier spacing p and the first available subcarrier sequence length Coprime, and • , j =1…… J .

[0179] Figure 40 A includes 234 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=234), in which the available subcarriers are divided into nine (9) RRUs, each of which includes 26 subcarriers.

[0180] Figure 40 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into nine (9) DRUs, each comprising 26 subcarriers, which are used Figure 38 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =9.

[0181] because p and =234 are not coprime, therefore, by removing the last subcarrier This shortens the initial available subcarrier sequence. Therefore, the first available subcarrier sequence 306 includes subcarriers. ... Its length is N =233 and with p =9 are coprime.

[0182] The first available subcarrier sequence is rearranged using a coprime interleaver to obtain a second available subcarrier sequence, which is obtained by removing subcarriers. Add it to the end to expand it. For example... Figure 40 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are evenly distributed on the 20 MHz PPDU BW with a subcarrier spacing of nine (9), which is in line with expectations.

[0183] More specifically, Figure 40 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:9:225]; •DRU2: [1:9:226].

[0184] •DRU3: [2:9:227]; •DRU4: [3:9:228]; •DRU5: [4:9:229]; •DRU6: [5:9:230]; •DRU7: [6:9:231]; •DRU8: [7:9:232]; •DRU9: [8:9:233].

[0185] It can be seen that this DRU plan is consistent with Figure 27 The same as shown in C.

[0186] Figure 41 A includes 234 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=234), in which the available subcarriers are divided into four (4) 52-tone RRUs and one (1) 26-tone RRU (the 26-tone RRU is located in the center, with two 52-tone RRUs on each side).

[0187] Figure 41 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers, which are divided into four (4) 52-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU, which are used Figure 38 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =4.

[0188] because p and =234 are not coprime, therefore, by removing the last subcarrier This shortens the initial available subcarrier sequence. Therefore, the first available subcarrier sequence 306 includes subcarriers. ... Its length is N =233 and with p =4 are coprime.

[0189] The first available subcarrier sequence is rearranged using a coprime interleaver to obtain a second available subcarrier sequence, which is obtained by removing subcarriers. Add it to the end to expand it. For example... Figure 41 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are uniformly distributed on the 20 MHz PPDU BW, with a subcarrier spacing of four (4), which is as expected. That is, Figure 41 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:4:204]; •DRU2: [3:4:179] and [208:4:232]; •DRU3: [2:4:50] and [183:4:231]; •DRU4: [1:4:25] and [54:4:230]; •DRU5: [29:4:233].

[0190] Figure 42 A includes 238 available subcarriers (i.e.) A schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU (=238), in which the available subcarriers are divided into two (2) 106-tone RRUs and one (1) 26-tone RRU (the 26-tone RRU is located in the center, with one 106-tone RRU on each side).

[0191] Figure 42 B is a schematic diagram of an example of a 20 MHz OFDMA PPDU comprising 238 available subcarriers, which are divided into two (2) 106-tone DRUs and one (1) 26-tone DRU, which are used Figure 38 The DRU design flow 300 shown is obtained, where the subcarrier spacing used by the coprime interleaver is... p =2.

[0192] because p and =234 are not coprime, therefore, by removing the last subcarrier This shortens the initial available subcarrier sequence. Therefore, the first available subcarrier sequence 306 includes subcarriers. ... Its length is N =237 and with p =2 are coprime.

[0193] The first available subcarrier sequence is rearranged using a coprime interleaver to obtain a second available subcarrier sequence, which is obtained by removing subcarriers. Add it to the end to expand it. For example... Figure 42 As shown in Figure B, the subcarriers in each DRU are uniformly distributed on the 20 MHz PPDU BW, with a subcarrier spacing of two (2), which is as expected. That is, Figure 42 The DRU shown in B is: •DRU1: [0:2:210]; •DRU2: [1:2:25] and [212:2:236]; •DRU3: [27:2:237].

[0194] It can be seen that this DRU plan is consistent with Figure 30 The same as shown in B.

[0195] In the above embodiments, a DRU design method and DRU planning using a coprime interleaver are described. The DRU design method disclosed herein can be used to generate a DRU 308 with a suitable size and desired subcarrier spacing. The DRU design method disclosed herein typically uses a coprime interleaver (with the desired subcarrier spacing as a parameter) to interleave, rearrange, or otherwise reorder the indices of a first available subcarrier sequence, which includes the available subcarriers of the PPDU (wherein the index of the first available subcarrier sequence is only used for available subcarriers and therefore may differ from the index of the available subcarriers in the PPDU).

[0196] Coprime interleavers require subcarrier spacing p Length of the first available subcarrier sequence N Coprime. p and N In some non-coprime embodiments, sequence padding (i.e., adding some dummy subcarriers) or sequence shortening (i.e., removing some subcarriers) can be used to adjust the length of the first available subcarrier sequence. N to make N and p Coprime. After interleaving, these virtual subcarriers are removed from the interleaved, rearranged, or otherwise reordered available subcarrier sequence (i.e., the second available subcarrier sequence) (if sequence padding is used), or the removed subcarriers (if sequence shortening is used) are added back to the second available subcarrier sequence.

[0197] The available subcarrier sequence is then divided into multiple DRUs. In some embodiments, the division of DRUs may refer to the corresponding RRU plan (i.e., an RRU plan with the same number of RRUs as the number of DRUs, the same size of these RRUs as these DRUs, but the subcarriers in each RRU are different from the subcarriers in the corresponding DRU).

[0198] As described above, in some embodiments, the partitioning of DRUs can be based on requirements (such as the number of DRUs, or the number of DRUs of different sizes) without referring to any RRU planning.

[0199] In some embodiments, the general framework for DRU planning can be based on the maximum number of subcarriers. N and the desired subcarrier spacing p To carry out the design.

[0200] In these embodiments, Figure 12(Steps 322 to 324) Figure 16 (Steps 322 to 324) Figure 22 (Steps 322 to 342) or Figure 38 The first part of the DRU design flow shown in steps 322 to 352 can be used to generate a general framework for DRU planning, which includes interleaved subcarrier indices obtained from a second available subcarrier sequence, or equivalently represented by the second available subcarrier sequence. Similar to the description above, RRUs may or may not be referenced.

[0201] In some embodiments, the general framework may be predefined or preconfigured.

[0202] When a specific or complete DRU plan is required (i.e., a DRU plan that defines all DRUs), it can be obtained by dividing a general framework (such as a second available subcarrier sequence) into multiple desired DRUs as described above (e.g., following...). Figure 12 , Figure 16 , Figure 22 or Figure 38 (Steps 326 to 330 in the figure). In some embodiments, specific or complete DRU plans can be generated as needed and / or in real time based on a general framework.

[0203] For example, in a 20 MHz PPDU, the maximum number of subcarriers in different RU settings of the OFDMA PPDU. N This can be determined based on Table 27-27 IEEE P802.11-REVme / D4.1, for example: • 234 available subcarriers (divided into nine (9) 26-tone RUs with a maximum RU size of 26, or into four (4) 52-tone RUs and one 26-tone RU with a maximum RU size of 52); • 238 available subcarriers (divided into two (2) 106-tone RUs and one 26-tone RU, with a maximum RU size of 106).

[0204] For example, for a PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers (as shown in Table 27-27 RU allocation subfield in IEEE P802.11-REVme / D4.1), the subcarrier spacing can be designed using coprime interleaving and shortening as described above. pA general framework for a 9-tone DRU planning scheme is provided (this general framework applies to any combination of 26-tone multiplexed DRUs). The first available subcarrier sequence is indexed [0:233] and has a length of 234. After coprime interleaving, the second available subcarrier sequence of length 234 has indices [0:9:225, 1:9:226, 2:9:227, 3:9:228, 4:9:229, 5:9:230, 6:9:231, 7:9:232, 8:9:233]. This general framework can be represented by the second available subcarrier sequence.

[0205] When a specific or complete DRU plan is required (e.g., including nine (9) 26-tone DRUs), the general framework (i.e., the second available subcarrier sequence) is divided into the required number of DRUs as described above (e.g., following...). Figure 12 or Figure 16 Steps 326 to 330 in the process of obtaining Figure 27 The DRU plan shown in C.

[0206] For example, for a PPDU comprising 234 available subcarriers (as shown in Table 27-27 RU allocation subfield in IEEE P802.11-REVme / D4.1), the subcarrier spacing can be designed using the coprime interleaving and shortening methods described above. p A general framework for DRU planning with a size of 4 (this general framework applies to any combination of 52-tone and 26-tone DRUs). The first available subcarrier sequence is indexed [0:233] and has a length of 234. After coprime interleaving, the second available subcarrier sequence, with a length of 234, is indexed [0:4:232, 3:4:231, 2:4:230, 1:4:233]. This general framework can be represented by the second available subcarrier sequence.

[0207] When a specific or complete DRU plan is required (e.g., including four (4) 52-tone DRUs and one 26-tone DRU), the general framework (i.e., the second available subcarrier sequence) is divided into the required number of DRUs as described above to obtain Figure 41 DRU plan shown in B.

[0208] For example, when needed, the general framework can be divided into three (3) 52-tone DRUs and three (3) 26-tone DRUs to obtain Figure 43 The specific DRU plan shown.

[0209] Alternatively, the DRU plan can also be implemented by... Figure 41 In the DRU plan shown in B, DRU5 is split into two non-overlapping 26-tone DRUs to obtain it.

[0210] Similarly, for a PPDU comprising 238 available subcarriers (as shown in Table 27-27 RU allocation subfield in IEEE P802.11-REVme / D4.1), the subcarrier spacing can be designed using coprime interleaving and shortening as described above. p A general framework for DRU planning with a length of 2 is provided (this general framework applies to any combination of DRUs of 106-tone and / or 26-tone size). The first available subcarrier sequence is indexed [0:237] and has a length of 238. After coprime interleaving, the second available subcarrier sequence has an index of [0:2:236, 1:2:237] and a length of 234. This general framework can be represented by the second available subcarrier sequence.

[0211] When a specific DRU plan is required (e.g., including at least two 106-tone DRUs), two 106-tone DRUs (i.e., DRU1 and DRU2) can be obtained from a general framework (i.e., a second available subcarrier sequence), such as... Figure 44 As shown.

[0212] In some embodiments, for including the maximum number of available subcarriers (e.g., N =238) and has a specific subcarrier spacing (e.g., p =2) PPDU, the general framework for DRU planning is predefined or preconfigured, and this general framework can be used to generate PPDUs with the same subcarrier spacing (i.e. p =2) However, for specific DRU plans with a small number of available subcarriers, when there is only one 106-tone DRU, this general framework is applicable to any combination of DRUs of 106-tone, 52-tone and / or 26-tone size, for example, the maximum number of subcarriers in the RRU sequence is 236 (e.g., 106+5×26).

[0213] like Figure 45 As shown, to generate a specific DRU plan, the general frame or second available subcarrier sequence 308 can be considered to include two virtual subcarriers 402, located at indices 118 and 237 in the first available subcarrier sequence 306 with indices [0:237]. These two indices are interleaved and mapped to indices 236 and 237 in the second available subcarrier sequence 308 (represented as interleaved virtual subcarriers 404), and are discarded before generating the DRU. In other words, before interleaving, the length of the first available subcarrier sequence after inserting the two virtual subcarriers is 238, with indices [0:237]. After interleaving and removing the two virtual subcarriers, the shortened second available subcarrier sequence with a length of 236 has indices [0:2:234, 1:2:235].

[0214] For example, Figure 46 The generated DRU plan is shown, including the subcarrier spacing as p =2 one (1) 106-tone DRU, two (2) 52-tone DRUs and one 26-tone DRU for OFDMA 20 MHz PPDU including the following RUs as shown in Table 27-27 RU allocation subfield in IEEE P802.11-REVme / D4.1.

[0215] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the DRU design methods disclosed herein (including methods for generating a general framework and methods for obtaining a specific DRU plan) are not limited to DRU design for OFDMA 20 MHz PPDUs. Rather, the DRU design methods disclosed herein can be directly applied to DRU design for OFDMA PPDUs with other BWs (such as 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, and 320 MHz).

[0216] In some embodiments, the DRU design method disclosed herein can be used to design the DRU of an OFDMA 20 MHz PPDU, and the obtained DRU can be repeated an appropriate number of times to obtain the DRU of an OFDMA PPDU with a BW of a multiple of 20 MHz (such as 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz).

[0217] In some embodiments, the DRU design method disclosed herein can be used to design the DRU for an OFDMA 20 MHz PPDU, and the acquired DRU can be allocated to a 20 MHz spectrum portion of a larger BW (e.g., 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz) PPDU. In these embodiments, the remaining BW can be used for RRUs (i.e., only a portion of the BW is used for DRUs).

[0218] As those skilled in the art will understand, IEEE 802.11be includes the allocation of multiple resource units (MRUs) to a single user. For example, in 802.11be, a user may be allocated a 52+26-tone MRU, which combines a 52-tone RU and adjacent 26-tone RUs (i.e., RRUs), or a 106+26-tone MRU, which combines a 106-tone RU and adjacent 26-tone RUs (i.e., RRUs).

[0219] The indices of the small MRUs in OFDMA 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz EHT PPDUs are defined in Tables 36-8, 36-9, and 36-10 of 802.11be, respectively.

[0220] In some embodiments, multiple DRUs (M-DRUs) can be designed and used as MRUs to achieve the same purpose.

[0221] For example, the subcarrier distribution of the M-DRU in the OFDMA 20 MHz PPDU can be obtained based on the above DRU in the following way: within the same BW PPDU, the 26-tone DRU is combined with the 52-tone DRU to generate a 52+26-tone M-DRU, or the 26-tone DRU is combined with the 106-tone DRU to generate a 106+26-tone M-DRU.

[0222] For example, it can be based on Figure 29 The DRU plan shown in B includes four (4) 52-tone DRUs and one 26-tone DRU. The subcarrier distribution in the 52+26-tone M-DRU is obtained through the following steps: Step 1: As Figure 47 As shown, each larger DRU (e.g., each of four (4) 52-tone DRUs 502) is split into multiple non-overlapping or non-interleaved smaller DRUs (e.g., two non-overlapping or non-interleaved 26-tone DRUs 506). Here, each pair of non-overlapping or non-interleaved DRUs refers to two DRUs, where the frequency of the subcarriers in one DRU is less than the frequency of any subcarrier in the other DRU. For ease of description, the 52-tone DRU 502 is referred to as the parent 52-tone DRU, and the two 26-tone DRUs 506 are referred to as the child subcarriers of the 52-tone DRU 502.

[0223] For example, 52-tone DRU1502A is split into two 26-tone DRUs, 506A and 506B; 52-tone DRU2502B is split into two 26-tone DRUs, 506C and 506D; 52-tone DRU4502C is split into two 26-tone DRUs, 506E and 506F; and 52-tone DRU5502D is split into two 26-tone DRUs, 506G and 506H.

[0224] Step 2: Combine the smaller DRU (which can be a child DRU split from a parent DRU such as 26-tone DRU 506, or the original smaller DRU such as DRU3504) with a larger non-parent DRU (such as a non-parent 52-tone DRU 502) to generate a 52+26-tone M-DRU. Here, the non-parent 52-tone DRU 502 means that 26-tone DRU 506 is not a 52-tone DRU split from it.

[0225] For example, such as Figure 48A As shown, the 26-tone DRU 506B can be combined with the 52-tone DRU 502B to form the 52+26-tone M-DRU 508A.

[0226] For example, such as Figure 48B As shown, the 26-tone DRU 506G can be combined with the 52-tone DRU 502C to form the 52+26-tone M-DRU 508B.

[0227] For example, such as Figure 48C As shown, the 26-tone DRU3504 can be combined with the 52-tone DRU2502B to form the 52+26-tone M-DRU 508C.

[0228] In some embodiments, the method described in the 52+26-tone M-DRU above can be used to form or otherwise generate M-DRUs in other DRU plans, such as the DRU plans for OFDMA 40 MHz and 80 MHz PPDUs described above.

[0229] In some embodiments, the method described in the 52+26-tone M-DRU above can be used to form or otherwise generate M-DRUs of other sizes.

[0230] For example, it can be based on Figure 30 The DRU plan shown in B includes two (2) 106-tone DRUs and one 26-tone DRU. The 106+26-tone M-DRU in the OFDMA 20 MHz PPDU is obtained by combining one 106-tone DRU with one 26-tone DRU to form an M-DRU.

[0231] For example, such as Figure 49A As shown, 106-tone DRU1 can be combined with 26-tone DRU2 to form 106+26-tone M-DRU.

[0232] For example, such as Figure 49B As shown, 26-tone DRU2 can be combined with 106-tone DRU3 to form 106+26-tone M-DRU.

[0233] In some embodiments, the DRU plan determined as described above can be stored in both AP 102 and STA 112, for example, in the form of a DRU table in one of their non-transitory computer-readable storage devices or media. Subsequently, AP 102 and STA 112 can determine the DRU for data and / or pilot transmissions between them by looking up the DRU table.

[0234] In some embodiments, AP 102 and STA 112 do not use the DRU table, but can instead calculate the DRU plan as described above and select DRUs from the calculated DRU plan for data and / or pilot transmission between them without looking up the DRU table.

[0235] Therefore, the DRU design method disclosed in this paper is a systematic approach that distributes subcarriers (i.e., tones) across multiple RUs (each RU corresponding to a specific STA) in an OFDMA PPDU through coprime interleaving. This ensures that the subcarriers within each RU are distributed substantially uniformly (i.e., uniformly or nearly uniformly) under different RU sizes and various PPDU bandwidths, thereby avoiding potential subcarrier transmit power imbalances and significantly different subcarrier spacings within and across a DRU. Existing 802.11ax / be RU locations and subcarrier planning can be reused. The DRUs and their arrangement improve communication performance while meeting the PSD requirements stipulated by regulatory agencies.

[0236] By using an (improved) coprime interleaver, the DRU design method disclosed in this paper is not only easy to implement but also flexible, allowing indices in the interleaving / deinterleaving process to be generated "dynamically" without the need for an index mapping table. This reduces the storage space and memory footprint in the system.

[0237] The DRU design methodology disclosed in this paper and the resulting DRU planning may be related to the standardization work on the next-generation IEEE 802.11be operating in the unlicensed millimeter-wave band.

[0238] The DRU design methodology and the resulting DRU planning disclosed in this paper can be applied to WI-FI APs and STAs that simultaneously support sub-7 GHz and millimeter wave bands.

[0239] C. Explanation of Abbreviations

[0240] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein can be implemented as one or more circuits such as modules, devices, apparatuses, and / or systems. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein can be implemented as computer-executable instructions stored in one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage devices, such that, when executed, these instructions can cause one or more circuits to perform the methods disclosed herein.

[0241] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the various embodiments and / or features disclosed herein can be customized and / or combined as needed or required. Furthermore, while embodiments have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The first resource unit RU in the physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is used to send or receive signals to the device, wherein the OFDMA PPDU includes multiple subcarriers for sending data, pilot symbols, or combinations thereof; The first RU is one of the plurality of RUs of the OFDMA PPDU; Each RU includes a subset of the plurality of subcarriers; In each RU, each pair of adjacent subcarriers of each RU is separated by substantially the same number of subcarriers belonging to one or more other RUs among the plurality of RUs; Each RU has the same subcarrier as the subcarriers determined according to a design method that rearranges the plurality of subcarriers using a coprime interleaving method.

2. The communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The design method includes: Index the plurality of subcarriers to obtain a first sequence of multiple consecutive indices including the subcarriers; The coprime interleaving method is used to rearrange the first sequence to obtain the second sequence; The second sequence is divided into multiple consecutive blocks, wherein each block corresponds to a specific RU among the multiple RUs; The plurality of RUs are determined based on the plurality of consecutive blocks.

3. The communication method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: For the first sequence Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. ,in, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is... for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU and its relation to N Coprime, making p and N There are no other common factors besides 1.

4. The communication method according to claim 3, characterized in that, for j =1…… J , ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers per RU J The number of RUs is given, and max() represents the maximum value function.

5. The communication method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: For the first sequence Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. ,in, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is... for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU. p and N There exists at least one common factor; The design method further includes: Fill the first sequence Additional indexes to expand the first sequence to A series of consecutive indices, and will N Updated to ,in, In order to make p With the updated N The smallest coprime integer. It is equal to the length of the first sequence before the padding. After rearranging the first sequence and before partitioning the second sequence, the [subsequence name] is removed from the second sequence. Additional indexes.

6. The communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that, p and Coprime, , j =1…… J , ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers in each RU, where max() represents the maximum value function. To calculate greater than or equal to x A function of the smallest integer.

7. The communication method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: For the first sequence Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. ,in, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is... for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU. p and N There exists at least one common factor; The design method further includes: Remove from the first sequence indexes and N Updated to ,in, In order to make p With the updated N The smallest coprime integer. Equal to the first sequence in the removal of the The length before each index, After rearranging the first sequence and before partitioning the second sequence, the... The removed index is added to the second sequence.

8. The communication method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The removal from the first sequence The index includes: removing from the end of the first sequence Indexes.

9. The communication method according to claim 7, characterized in that, p and Coprime, , j =1…… J ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers in each RU, where max() represents the maximum value function. To calculate greater than or equal to x A function of the smallest integer.

10. A communication method, characterized in that, include: Determine multiple subcarriers of the first resource unit RU in the physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA); The determined first RU is used to send or receive signals to the device; The RU is one of a plurality of RUs in the OFDMA PPDU; each of the plurality of RUs includes a plurality of subcarriers for data and / or pilot symbol transmission; in each of the plurality of RUs, each pair of adjacent subcarriers of each RU is separated by substantially the same number of subcarriers belonging to one or more other RUs in the plurality of RUs.

11. The communication method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The PPDU includes: rearranging all subcarriers of the OFDMA PPDU using a coprime interleaving method; and determining the plurality of subcarriers of the first RU based on the rearranged subcarriers.

12. An apparatus, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media functionally coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media include computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform the following operations: The first resource unit RU in the physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is used to send or receive signals to the device, wherein the OFDMA PPDU includes multiple subcarriers for sending data, pilot symbols, or combinations thereof; The first RU is one of the plurality of RUs of the OFDMA PPDU; Each RU includes a subset of the plurality of subcarriers; In each RU, each pair of adjacent subcarriers of each RU is separated by substantially the same number of subcarriers belonging to one or more other RUs among the plurality of RUs; Each RU has the same subcarrier as the subcarriers determined according to a design method that rearranges the plurality of subcarriers using a coprime interleaving method.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The design method includes: Index the plurality of subcarriers to obtain a first sequence of multiple consecutive indices including the subcarriers; The coprime interleaving method is used to rearrange the first sequence to obtain the second sequence; The second sequence is divided into multiple consecutive blocks, wherein each block corresponds to a specific RU among the multiple RUs; The plurality of RUs are determined based on the plurality of consecutive blocks.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that, The step of rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: For the first sequence Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. ,in, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is... for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU and its relation to N Coprime, making p and N There are no other common factors besides 1.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that, for j =1…… J , ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers per RU J The number of RUs is given, and max() represents the maximum value function.

16. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that, The step of rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: For the first sequence Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. ,in, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is... for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU. p and N There exists at least one common factor; The design method further includes: Fill the first sequence Additional indexes to expand the first sequence to A series of consecutive indices, and will N Updated to ,in, In order to make p With the updated N The smallest coprime integer. It is equal to the length of the first sequence before the padding. After rearranging the first sequence and before partitioning the second sequence, the [subsequence name] is removed from the second sequence. Additional indexes.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that, p and Coprime, , j =1…… J , ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers in each RU, where max() represents the maximum value function. To calculate greater than or equal to x A function of the smallest integer.

18. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that, The step of rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: For the first sequence Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. ,in, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is... for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU. p and N There exists at least one common factor; The design method further includes: Remove from the first sequence indexes and N Updated to ,in, In order to make p With the updated N The smallest coprime integer. Equal to the first sequence in the removal of the The length before each index, After rearranging the first sequence and before partitioning the second sequence, the... The removed index is added to the second sequence.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that, The removal from the first sequence The index includes: removing from the end of the first sequence Indexes.

20. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that, p and Coprime, , j =1…… J ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers in each RU, where max() represents the maximum value function. To calculate greater than or equal to x A function of the smallest integer.

21. An apparatus, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media functionally coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media include computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform the following operations: Determine multiple subcarriers of the first resource unit RU in the physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA); The determined first RU is used to send or receive signals to the device; The RU is one of a plurality of RUs in the OFDMA PPDU; each of the plurality of RUs includes a plurality of subcarriers for data and / or pilot symbol transmission; in each of the plurality of RUs, each pair of adjacent subcarriers of each RU is separated by substantially the same number of subcarriers belonging to one or more other RUs in the plurality of RUs.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that, The PPDU includes: rearranging all subcarriers of the OFDMA PPDU using a coprime interleaving method; and determining the plurality of subcarriers of the first RU based on the rearranged subcarriers.

23. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media comprising computer-executable instructions, characterized in that, When executed, the instructions cause at least one processor to perform the following operations: The first resource unit RU in the physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is used to send or receive signals to the device, wherein the OFDMA PPDU includes multiple subcarriers for sending data, pilot symbols, or combinations thereof; The first RU is one of the plurality of RUs of the OFDMA PPDU; Each RU includes a subset of the plurality of subcarriers; In each RU, each pair of adjacent subcarriers of each RU is separated by substantially the same number of subcarriers belonging to one or more other RUs among the plurality of RUs; Each RU has the same subcarrier as the subcarriers determined according to a design method that rearranges the plurality of subcarriers using a coprime interleaving method.

24. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to claim 23, characterized in that, The design method includes: Index the plurality of subcarriers to obtain a first sequence of multiple consecutive indices including the subcarriers; The coprime interleaving method is used to rearrange the first sequence to obtain the second sequence; The second sequence is divided into multiple consecutive blocks, wherein each block corresponds to a specific RU among the multiple RUs; The plurality of RUs are determined based on the plurality of consecutive blocks.

25. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to claim 24, characterized in that, The step of rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: For the first sequence Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. ,in, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is... for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU and its relation to N Coprime, making p and N There are no other common factors besides 1.

26. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to claim 25, characterized in that, when j =1…… J hour, ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers per RU J The number of RUs is given, and max() represents the maximum value function.

27. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to claim 24, characterized in that, The step of rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: For the first sequence Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. ,in, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is... for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU. p and N There exists at least one common factor; The design method further includes: Fill the first sequence Additional indexes to expand the first sequence to A series of consecutive indices, and will N Updated to ,in, In order to make p With the updated N The smallest coprime integer. It is equal to the length of the first sequence before the padding. After rearranging the first sequence and before partitioning the second sequence, the [subsequence name] is removed from the second sequence. Additional indexes.

28. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to claim 27, characterized in that, p and Coprime, , j =1…… J , ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers in each RU, where max() represents the maximum value function. To calculate greater than or equal to x A function of the smallest integer.

29. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to claim 24, characterized in that, The step of rearranging the first sequence using the coprime interleaving method to obtain the second sequence includes: For the first sequence Perform rearrangement to obtain the second sequence. ,in, n =0…… N -1 is the index of the first sequence. N The length of the first sequence is... for n =0…… N –1, k The index of the second sequence is and is n The function, mod, represents the modulo function. p The distance between two adjacent subcarriers in each RU. p and N There exists at least one common factor; The design method further includes: Remove from the first sequence indexes and N Updated to ,in, In order to make p With the updated N The smallest coprime integer. Equal to the first sequence in the removal of the The length before each index, After rearranging the first sequence and before partitioning the second sequence, the... The removed index is added to the second sequence.

30. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to claim 29, characterized in that, The removal from the first sequence The index includes: removing from the end of the first sequence Indexes.

31. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to claim 29, characterized in that, p and Coprime, , j =1…… J ,in, For the first j The number of subcarriers in each RU, where max() represents the maximum value function. To calculate greater than or equal to x A function of the smallest integer.

32. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media comprising computer-executable instructions, characterized in that, When executed, the instructions cause at least one processor to perform the following operations: Determine multiple subcarriers of the first resource unit RU in the physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA); The determined first RU is used to send or receive signals to the device; The RU is one of a plurality of RUs in the OFDMA PPDU; each of the plurality of RUs includes a plurality of subcarriers for data and / or pilot symbol transmission; in each of the plurality of RUs, each pair of adjacent subcarriers of each RU is separated by substantially the same number of subcarriers belonging to one or more other RUs in the plurality of RUs.

33. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to claim 32, characterized in that, The PPDU includes: rearranging all subcarriers of the OFDMA PPDU using a coprime interleaving method; and determining the plurality of subcarriers of the first RU based on the rearranged subcarriers.

34. A circuit, characterized in that, Used to perform the communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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