Method and apparatus for transmitting a physical device-to-reader channel in a wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems, apparatus, equipment, and methods, including computer programs encoded on storage media, for communicating a physical device-to-reader channel in a wireless communication system. A first wireless device (103) receives (834) a configuration for a PDRCH from a second wireless device (105). The first wireless device (103) receives (840) R2D LI control information from the second wireless device (105) for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH. The first wireless device (103) transmits (844) a PDRCH transmission to the second wireless device (105) based on the R2D LI control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble indicating a channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of D2R LI control information or D2R data information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to wireless communication, and more specifically, to the transmission of physical device-to-reader channels (PDRCH) from an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device to a reader. Background Technology

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifies a radio interface known as Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) (5G NR). The architecture of a 5G NR wireless communication system includes a 5G Core (5GC) network, a 5G Radio Access Network (5G-RAN), and User Equipment (5G UE). Compared to previous generations of cellular communication systems, the 5G NR architecture aims to provide increased data rates, reduced latency, and / or increased capacity.

[0003] Generally, wireless communication systems provide various telecommunications services (e.g., telephony, video, data, messaging, etc.) based on multiple access technologies that support communication with multiple UEs (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)). Improvements in mobile broadband have continued the development of such wireless communication technologies. For example, A-IoT devices may have relatively low complexity and / or may be power-constrained. A-IoT devices may not support certain types of uplink (UL) channels or UL signals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a simplified overview of one or more aspects to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This overview is not a comprehensive summary of all conceived aspects. It neither identifies key or important elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0005] The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a collection of network-connected devices and the technologies that facilitate communication between these connected devices and the cloud, as well as between the connected devices themselves. IoT can include Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices. An A-IoT device is a device with extremely low complexity and extremely low power consumption. For example, compared to other types of IoT devices such as Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices, Reduced Capability (RedCap) user equipment (UE), Enhanced Machine-Type Communication (eMTC) devices, or Long Term Evolution Machine-Type Communication (LTE-M) devices, A-IoT devices may have lower power consumption, lower complexity, and / or lower data rates. In the example, an A-IoT device is a tag placed on a container to broadcast the container's conditions. An A-IoT device is capable of harvesting energy from an external source (e.g., a carrier or RF signal or other power source), storing the energy in an energy storage element, and using the stored energy to communicate (e.g., send or receive communications) and / or perform actions (e.g., perform measurements). Communication from an A-IoT device to a network entity can be termed device-to-reader (D2R) communication (i.e., similar to uplink (UL) communication), while communication from a network entity to an A-IoT device can be termed reader-to-device (R2D) communication (i.e., similar to downlink (DL) communication). A-IoT devices can be categorized as A-IoT device 1 (~1 µW peak power consumption, unable to perform DL / R2D and UL / D2R amplification), A-IoT device 2a (less than or equal to several hundred µW peak power consumption, generating UL / D2R transmission signals via backscattering from an external carrier), or A-IoT device 2b (less than or equal to several hundred µW peak power consumption, actively generating UL / D2R signals).

[0006] In 5G New Radio (5G NR), a UE can transmit UL transmissions, which can be the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or Sound Reference Signal (SRS). However, due to the low complexity and / or power consumption of A-IoT devices, A-IoT devices may not support all of the above types of UL transmissions. Therefore, an A-IoT device may only support one channel for UL transmissions (i.e., D2R transmissions). This channel is called the Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH).

[0007] This disclosure addresses the aforementioned and other shortcomings by implementing a PDRCH design for A-IoT devices to transmit UL / D2R transmissions to a reader. This disclosure details the structure of the PDRCH based on the D2R Layer 1 (L1) control information. This disclosure further details the process for transmitting the D2R preamble, D2R intro, and / or D2R postamble. The D2R preamble and / or D2R intro indicate the location of the D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information. The D2R postamble indicates the end of the PDRCH transmission. The A-IoT device can perform path loss measurements on the R2D L1 control information to determine the amplification factor or reflection factor that the A-IoT device can use to transmit the PDRCH. This disclosure facilitates A-IoT devices in transmitting D2R transmissions to network entities in a reliable and energy-efficient manner. For example, for a PDRCH transmission that includes at least one of a preamble, intermezzo, or postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, the reader can easily ascertain the characteristics of the PDRCH, thereby enabling the reader to receive UL / D2R transmissions in a reliable and energy-efficient manner.

[0008] According to some aspects, a first wireless device (e.g., an A-IoT device) receives configuration for a Physical Device-to-Reader Channel (PDRCH) from a second wireless device (e.g., a network entity, a UE, or a reader). The first wireless device receives reader-to-device (R2D) Layer 1 (L1) control information from the second wireless device for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH. The first wireless device transmits a PDRCH transmission to the second wireless device based on the R2D L1 control information. This PDRCH transmission includes at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postcode indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, and the channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of device-to-reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.

[0009] According to some aspects, a second wireless device (e.g., a reader, such as a network entity or UE) sends configuration for a Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH) to a first wireless device (e.g., an A-IoT device). The second wireless device sends reader-to-device (R2D) Layer 1 (L1) control information to the first wireless device for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH. The second wireless device receives PDRCH transmissions from the first wireless device based on the R2D L1 control information. These PDRCH transmissions include at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postcode indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, which includes at least one of device-to-reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1An illustration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment is shown, the wireless communication system including multiple user equipment (UE) and network entities communicating on one or more cells.

[0011] Figure 2 An illustration of an example system according to an embodiment is shown, the system including a network entity and a wireless device.

[0012] Figure 3 An illustration of an example system according to an embodiment is shown, the system including a network entity and a wireless device.

[0013] Figure 4 A topology diagram is shown according to an embodiment in which network entities and wireless devices communicate.

[0014] Figure 5 A topology diagram is shown according to an embodiment in which network entities and wireless devices communicate via intermediate nodes.

[0015] Figure 6 A first topology and a second topology are shown according to an embodiment, wherein auxiliary nodes participate in communication between network entities and wireless devices.

[0016] Figure 7 A topology diagram is shown according to an embodiment in which a wireless device communicates directly with a UE.

[0017] Figure 8 A signaling diagram according to an embodiment is shown, illustrating communication between a first wireless device and a second wireless device for transmitting physical device to reader-writer channel (PDRCH).

[0018] Figure 9 An illustration shows an example of the channel structure of a PDRCH according to an embodiment.

[0019] Figure 10 An illustration shows an example of the channel structure of a PDRCH according to an embodiment.

[0020] Figure 11 An illustration shows an example of the channel structure of a PDRCH according to an embodiment.

[0021] Figure 12 An illustration shows an example of the channel structure of a PDRCH according to an embodiment.

[0022] Figure 13 An illustration shows an example of an on / off key control 1 (OOK-1) modulation scheme according to an embodiment.

[0023] Figure 14 An illustration shows an example of an on / off keying 4 (OOK-4) modulation scheme according to an embodiment.

[0024] Figure 15 This is a flowchart of a method for performing wireless communication at a first wireless device according to an embodiment.

[0025] Figure 16 This is a flowchart of a method for performing wireless communication at a second wireless device according to an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating a hardware implementation of an example UE device according to some embodiments.

[0027] Figure 18 This is an illustration showing a hardware implementation of one or more example network entities according to some embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Figure 1 A diagram 100 illustrates a wireless communication system associated with multiple cells 190. The wireless communication system includes user equipment (UE) 102 and base station / network entity 104. Some base stations may include an aggregated base station architecture, and others may include a decomposed base station architecture. The aggregated base station architecture utilizes a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node. The decomposed base station architecture utilizes a protocol stack physically or logically distributed across two or more units (e.g., radio unit (RU) 106, distributed unit (DU) 108, central unit (CU) 110). For example, CU 110 is implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DU 108s may co-locate with CU 110, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DU 108 may be implemented to communicate with one or more RU 106s. Any of RU 106, DU 108, and CU 110 can be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual radio unit (VRU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual central unit (VCU). Base station / network entity 104 (e.g., an aggregated base station or a decomposed unit of a base station, such as RU 106 or DU 108) can be referred to as a transmit receiver point (TRP).

[0029] The operation and / or network design of base station 104 can be based on the aggregation characteristics of base station functions. For example, a decomposed base station architecture can be utilized in an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) network, an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) network, or a Virtual Radio Access Network (vRAN) (which may also be referred to as a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functions among two or more units located in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functions of at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. Various units of the decomposed base station architecture or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate with at least one other unit via wired or wireless communication. For example, base stations 104d, 104e and / or RUs 106a, 106b, 106c, 106d can communicate with UEs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d and / or 102s via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links based on a Uu interface. In the example, multiple RUs 106 and / or base stations 104 can simultaneously serve UE 102, such as through intra-cell and / or inter-cell access links between UE 102 and RUs 106 / base stations 104.

[0030] RU 106, DU 108, and CU 110 may include (or may be coupled to) one or more interfaces configured to transmit or receive information / signals via wired or wireless transmission media. For example, a wired interface may be configured to transmit or receive information / signals via a wired transmission media, such as a fronthaul link 160 between RU 106d and a baseband unit (BBU) 112 of base station 104d associated with cell 190d. BBU 112 includes DU 108 and CU 110, and may also have a wired interface (e.g., a midhaul link) configured between DU 108 and CU 110 for transmitting or receiving information / signals between DU 108 and CU 110. In a further example, a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) may be configured to transmit and / or receive information / signals via a wireless transmission medium, such as information transmitted between RU 106a in cell 190a and base station 104e in cell 190e via inter-cell communication beams 136-138 of RU 106a and base station 104e.

[0031] RU 106 can be configured to implement low-level functions. For example, RU 106 is controlled by DU 108 and can correspond to a logical node that manages RF processing functions or low-level PHY functions such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction, and filtering. The functionality of RU 106 can be based on functional partitioning, such as low-level functional partitioning.

[0032] RU 106 can transmit or receive over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 102. For example, RU 106b of cell 190b communicates with UE 102b of cell 190b via a first set of communication beams 132 of RU 106b and a second set of communication beams 134b of UE 102b. These two sets of communication beams may correspond to inter-cell communication beams or, in some examples, inter-cell communication beams. For example, UE 102b of cell 190b can communicate with RU 106a of cell 190a via a third set of communication beams 134a of UE 102b and a fourth set of communication beams 136 of RU 106a. DU 108 can control both the real-time and non-real-time characteristics of control plane and user plane communications of RU 106.

[0033] Any combination of RU 106, DU 108, and CU 110, or a reference to them individually, may correspond to base station 104. Therefore, base station 104 may include at least one of RU 106, DU 108, or CU 110. Base station 104 provides UE 102 with access to the core network. Base station 104 may relay communication between UE 102 and the core network (not shown). Base station 104 may be associated with macro cells of higher-power cellular base stations and / or small cells of lower-power cellular base stations. For example, cell 190e may correspond to a macro cell, while cells 190a-190d may correspond to small cells. Small cells include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc. A network including at least one macro cell and at least one small cell may be referred to as a "heterogeneous network".

[0034] Transmissions from UE 102 to base station 104 / RU 106 are called uplink (UL) transmissions, while transmissions from base station 104 / RU 106 to UE 102 are called downlink (DL) transmissions. Uplink transmissions can also be called reverse link transmissions, and downlink transmissions can also be called forward link transmissions. For example, RU 106d uses the antenna of base station 104d in cell 190d to transmit downlink / forward link communication to UE 102d via the Uu interface associated with the access link between UE 102d and base station 104d / RU 106d, or receives uplink / reverse link communication from UE 102d.

[0035] The communication link between UE 102 and base station 104 / RU 106 can be based on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link can be associated with one or more carriers. UE 102 and base station 104 / RU 106 can utilize up to a total of Yx Each carrier allocated in MHz carrier aggregation Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, 800 MHz, 1600 MHz, 2000 MHz, etc.) spectrum bandwidth, of which x Each component carrier (CC) is used for communication in each of the uplink and downlink directions. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other along the spectrum. In the example, uplink and downlink carriers may be allocated asymmetrically, with more or fewer carriers allocated to the uplink or downlink. A component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be associated with a primary cell (PCell), and the secondary component carriers may be associated with secondary cells (SCells).

[0036] Some UEs, such as UEs 102a and 102s, can perform device-to-device (D2D) communication via sidelinks. For example, sidelink communication / D2D links utilize the spectrum of the Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) associated with uplink and downlink communication. Such sidelink / D2D communication can be performed by various wireless communication systems, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE, and NR systems.

[0037] UE 102 and base station 104 / RU 106 may each include multiple antennas. These multiple antennas may correspond to antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays that facilitate beamforming operation. For example, downlink beamforming signals are transmitted to UE 102b based on a first communication beamset 132 in one or more transmit directions of RU 106b. UE 102b may receive downlink beamforming signals from RU 106b based on a second communication beamset 134b in one or more receive directions of UE 102b. In a further example, UE 102b may also transmit uplink beamforming signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)) to RU 106b based on the second communication beamset 134b in one or more transmit directions of UE 102b. RU 106b may receive uplink beamforming signals from UE 102b in one or more receive directions of RU 106b. UE 102b may perform beamtraining to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for the beamforming signals. The transmission and reception directions of UE102 and base station 104 / RU 106 can be the same or different.

[0038] In a further example, beamforming signals can be transmitted between a first base station / RU 106a and a second base station 104e. For example, base station 104e of cell 190e can transmit beamforming signals to RU 106a based on communication beam 138 in one or more transmit directions of base station 104e. RU 106a can receive beamforming signals from base station 104e of cell 190e based on RU communication beam 136 in one or more receive directions of RU 106a. In a further example, base station 104e transmits downlink beamforming signals to UE 102e based on communication beam 138 in one or more transmit directions of base station 104e. UE 102e receives downlink beamforming signals from base station 104e based on UE communication beam 130 in one or more receive directions of UE 102e. UE 102e can also transmit uplink beamforming signals to base station 104e in one or more transmission directions of UE 102e based on UE communication beam 130, so that base station 104e can receive uplink beamforming signals from UE 102e in one or more receiving directions of base station 104e.

[0039] Base station 104 may include and / or be referred to as a network entity. That is, a "network entity" can refer to base station 104 or at least one element of base station 104, such as RU 106, DU 108, and / or CU 110. Base station 104 may also include and / or be referred to as Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), Next Generation NB (gNB), Evolved NB (eNB), access point, base transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), TRP, network node, network device, reader, or other related terms. Base station 104 or entities at base station 104 may be implemented as an IAB node, relay node, sidelink node, aggregated (monolithic) base station, or a decomposed base station including one or more RU 106, DU 108, and / or CU 110. An aggregated or decomposed set of base stations may be referred to as a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN). In some examples, UE 102a operates in dual connectivity (DC) with base station 104e and base station / RU 106a. In such cases, base station 104e may be the primary node, and base station / RU 160a may be the secondary node.

[0040] The wireless communication system includes a first wireless device 103. In this example, the wireless device is an A-IoT device. An A-IoT device refers to an extremely low-power device with extremely low complexity. An A-IoT device may have lower power consumption, lower complexity, and / or lower data rate than NB-IoT, RedCap UE, eMTC devices, and / or LTE-M devices.

[0041] A-IoT devices (e.g., the first wireless device 103) can be classified as A-IoT device 1, A-IoT device 2a, or A-IoT device 2b. A-IoT device 1 can have a peak power consumption of approximately 1 µW. A-IoT device 1 may include an energy storage element (e.g., a capacitor or battery). A-IoT device 1 can harvest or obtain energy from environmental power sources (e.g., radio frequency (RF) energy, solar / light energy, thermal energy, mechanical vibration, etc.). A-IoT device 1 can store energy in the energy storage element. A-IoT device 1 can have up to 10 X The initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) in ppm. The value of X can be 4 or 5. A-IoT device 1 may not support either DL / R2D amplification (i.e., amplification of DL / R2D reception) or UL / D2R amplification (i.e., amplification of UL / D2R transmission). A-IoT device 1 can perform UL / D2R transmission by backscattering an externally provided carrier. Backscattering refers to the reflection of waves, particles, or signals in the direction in which they are arriving. A-IoT device 1 may not support generating RF signals internally (e.g., for UL / D2R transmission).

[0042] The A-IoT device 2a can have a peak power consumption of approximately several hundred µW, or less than 1 mW. The A-IoT device 2a may include energy storage elements (e.g., capacitors or batteries). The A-IoT device 2a can harvest or obtain energy from ambient energy (e.g., RF energy, solar / light energy, thermal energy, mechanical vibration, etc.). The A-IoT device 2a can store energy in the energy storage elements. The A-IoT device 2a can have up to 10... X The initial SFO is ppm. The value of X can be 4 or 5. The A-IoT device 2a can support DL / R2D amplification (i.e., amplification of DL / R2D reception) and UL / D2R amplification (i.e., amplification of UL / D2R transmission). The A-IoT device 2a can perform UL / D2R transmission by backscattering an externally provided carrier.

[0043] The A-IoT device 2b can have a peak power consumption of approximately several hundred µW or less than 1 mW. The A-IoT device 2b may include energy storage elements (e.g., capacitors or batteries). The A-IoT device 2b can harvest or obtain energy from ambient energy (e.g., RF energy, solar / light energy, thermal energy, mechanical vibration, etc.). The A-IoT device 2b can store energy in the energy storage elements. The A-IoT device 2b can have up to 10... X The initial SFO in ppm. The value of X can be 4 or 5. The A-IoT device 2b can support DL / R2D amplification (i.e., amplification of DL / R2D reception) and UL / D2R amplification (i.e., amplification of UL / D2R transmission). The A-IoT device 2b can support the internal generation of RF signals (e.g., for UL / D2R transmission).

[0044] A-IoT devices can operate via Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), meaning that both UL (Ultra-Low) and DL (Low-Low) spectrums can exist for A-IoT devices. Different deployment scenarios and topologies are possible for A-IoT devices. In one deployment scenario and topology, both the base station and the A-IoT device are located indoors, and they communicate directly. The base station provides services to the A-IoT device and NR mobile UEs in the microcell. In another deployment scenario and topology, the base station is located outdoors, and the A-IoT device is located indoors, where an intermediate node relays A-IoT data and / or A-IoT signaling between the base station and the A-IoT device. In the example, the UE acts as the intermediate node, where the network controls the UE. The base station provides services to NR mobile UEs and A-IoT devices in the macrocell. The intermediate node can be located indoors.

[0045] The wireless communication system includes a second wireless device 105. The second wireless device 105 may be or include a base station 104, a network entity, a reader / writer, a UE 102, a Transmit and Receive Point (TRP), an intermediate node, or an auxiliary node. As will be described in more detail below, the second wireless device 105 may transmit a Physical Reader-to-Apparatus Channel (PRDCH) to a first wireless device 103, and the first wireless device 103 may receive the PRDCH from the second wireless device 105. The first wireless device 103 transmits a Physical Apparatus-to-Apparatus Channel (PDRCH) to the second wireless device 105, and the second wireless device 105 receives the PDRCH from the first wireless device 103.

[0046] A network entity (e.g., network entity 104) may communicate with and / or provide services to one or more devices in the serving cell. The one or more devices may include a UE (e.g., UE 102) and / or an A-IoT device (e.g., a first wireless device 103). The A-IoT device may include one or more IoT devices 1 (i.e., the first device), one or more IoT devices 2a (i.e., the second device), and / or one or more IoT devices 2b (i.e., the third device). In some implementations, the network entity communicates with or provides services to the one or more devices in frequency range 1 (FR1) and / or licensed spectrum. In some implementations, the network entity communicates with and / or provides services to the one or more devices in FDD mode or spectrum. In an example, the network entity transmits or forwards DL / R2D transmissions to or from the one or more devices in the DL band. The network entity may receive UL / D2R transmissions or backscattered transmissions from the one or more devices in the UL band. The one or more devices receive or forward DL / R2D transmissions from the network entity in the DL band. The one or more devices may transmit UL / D2R transmissions or reverse transmissions to network entities in the UL band. In all respects, regardless of whether the first, second, and / or third devices establish an RRC connection and regardless of whether RRC connections are supported for the first, second, and / or third devices, the first, second, and / or third devices will not maintain or remain in Radio Resource Control (RRC) states (e.g., RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_CONNECTED). In all respects, the first, second, and / or third devices do not support or perform cell selection or cell reselection procedures. In all respects, the first, second, and / or third devices do not perform Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) or Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) procedures. However, this does not prevent A-IoT devices from sending acknowledgments (ACKs) or negative acknowledgments (NACKs) to received / detected PRDCH.

[0047] The first wireless device 103 includes logic 107 that enables the first wireless device 103 to perform the functions described herein. The first wireless device 103 includes an energy harvester 109 configured to harvest energy. The first wireless device 103 includes an energy storage element 111 (e.g., a battery, capacitor). The first wireless device 103 stores the harvested energy in the energy storage element 111. The first wireless device 103 includes an antenna 113 that facilitates communication with a second wireless device 105 (e.g., network entity 104). The first wireless device 103 may include a sensor 115 that enables the first wireless device 103 to sense its surrounding environment. In this example, sensor 115 includes or is associated with a sensor module 1712.

[0048] Still referencing Figure 1 In some aspects, any of the UEs 102 may include a PDRCH configuration component 140 configured to send configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) to a first radio device; send reader-to-device (R2D) Layer 1 (L1) control information to the first radio device for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and receive PDRCH transmissions from the first radio device based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmissions including at least one of a preamble, intro, or postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to-reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.

[0049] In some aspects, any of the base station 104 or its network entities may include a PDRCH configuration component 150 configured to send configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) to a first wireless device; send reader-to-device (R2D) Layer 1 (L1) control information to the first wireless device for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and receive PDRCH transmissions from the first wireless device based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmissions including at least one of a preamble, intro, or postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to-reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.

[0050] In some aspects, the first wireless device 103 includes a PDRCH component 141 configured to receive configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) from a second wireless device; receive reader-to-device (R2D) Layer 1 (L1) control information from the second wireless device for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and transmit a PDRCH transmission to the second wireless device based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, intro, or postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to-reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.

[0051] therefore, Figure 1 A wireless communication system that can be implemented in conjunction with aspects of one or more other accompanying figures described herein is described. Furthermore, although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein are applicable to other similar fields, such as 5G-Advanced and future versions, LTE, LTE-advanced (LTE-A), and other wireless technologies such as 6G.

[0052] Figure 2A diagram 200 illustrates an example system according to an embodiment, including a network entity 104 and a first wireless device 103. In the example, the first wireless device 103 is an A-IoT device. Although the first wireless device 103 is described below as an A-IoT device, it can be implemented as any suitable electronic device, such as a mobile communication device, modem, cellular phone, gaming device, navigation device, media device, laptop computer, desktop computer, tablet computer, smart appliance, vehicle-based communication system, Internet of Things (IoT) device (e.g., sensor node, controller / actuator node, combination thereof), etc. In some implementations, the network entity 104 is a base station. Alternatively or additionally, the network entity 104 may include a transmit and receive point (TRP), relay, UE, reader, or another type of hardware capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more applicable radio access technologies (RATs) specified by one or more communication protocols or standards. Network entity 104 may employ any of a variety of RATs, such as operating as a NodeB for a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) RAT (also known as "3G") (or as a Base Transceiver Station (BTS)), operating as an Enhanced NodeB ("eNB") for a 3GPP LTE RAT, operating as a 5G NodeB ("gNB") for a 3GPP 5G NR RAT, etc. Network entity 104 (e.g., a base station, an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Node B (E-UTRAN Node B), an evolved Node B, an eNodeB, an eNB, a next-generation Node B, a gNode B, a gNB, an ng-eNB, an access point, a radio headend, etc.) may be implemented in macro cells, micro cells, small cells, pico cells, etc., or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the functionality of network entity 104, and therefore its hardware components, may be distributed across multiple network nodes or devices, and may be distributed in a manner that performs the functions described herein. In the example, the functionality of network entity 104 can be distributed across a combination of RU 106, DU 108, and CU 110.

[0053] Network entity 104 and first wireless device 103 utilize UL or D2R transmission paths for UL / D2R communication from first wireless device 103 to network entity 104. Network entity 104 and first wireless device 103 utilize DL or R2D transmission paths for DL / R2D communication from network entity 104 to first wireless device 103. In some implementations, the UL / D2R transmission path may include data messages / signals, control signals, reference signals, and / or connection establishment signals / messages. In some implementations, the UL / D2R transmission path may include one or more of the following: Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), and / or Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH). First wireless device 103 may transmit user data (e.g., voice data, video data, or text message data) to network entity 104 via PUSCH, and network entity 104 may receive user data via PUSCH. Additionally, the first radio device 103 can transmit control information (e.g., uplink control information (UCI)) via PUSCH / PDRCH, and the network entity 104 can receive control information via PUSCH / PDRCH. Multiple UEs and / or radio devices can share PUSCH / PDRCH resources. The first radio device 103 can transmit control information (e.g., UCI, channel quality feedback, scheduling request, acknowledgment) to the network entity 104 via PUCCH / PDRCH, and the network entity 104 can receive this control information via PUCCH / PDRCH. The first radio device 103 can access the system (i.e., the wireless communication system) for random or contention-based access in the UL direction via PRACH / PDRCH, enabling the first radio device 103 to access the system without prior reservation. In some aspects, the PDRCH can implement the functions of one or more of PUSCH, PUCCH, or PRACH.

[0054] In some implementations, the DL / R2D transmission path may include one or more of the following: Physical Reader-to-Device Channel (PRDCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or Paging Channel. Network entity 104 may send user data to the first radio device 103 via PDSCH / PRDCH, and the first radio device 103 may receive user data from the network entity via PDSCH / PRDCH. Multiple UEs may share PDSCH / PRDCH resources. Similar to PUSCH, user data from network entity 104 may include any type of information, such as voice data, video data, or text message data. Network entity 104 may send control information (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)) via PDCCH / PRDCH, and the first radio device 103 may receive this control information via PDCCH / PRDCH. The Paging Channel is used to notify the first radio device 103 of the presence of incoming traffic from network entity 104 for the first radio device. In some implementations, PRDCH can perform the functions of one or more of PDSCH, PDCCH, or PBCH.

[0055] Radio Resource Control (RRC) is a component of the radio interface protocol stack used by network entity 104 and first wireless device 103 for communication. Among other functions, network entity 104 and first wireless device 103 can use RRC messaging to establish and / or release radio connections and resources. In an RRC connected state, first wireless device 103 has an active radio connection with network entity 104. When first wireless device 103 no longer needs an active radio connection, it can transition from an RRC connected state to an RRC idle or RRC inactive state to release or suspend the radio connection, respectively. In some implementations, first wireless device 103 may not maintain or remain in any RRC state (e.g., RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE, RRC_CONNECTED) regardless of whether an RRC connection has been established or whether RRC connection is supported. In some implementations, the first radio device 103 (e.g., an A-IoT device) may not support the cell selection / reselection process or may not perform the cell selection / reselection process as frequently as the UE performing the process. In some implementations, the first radio device 103 may not perform the cell selection / reselection process at all. In some implementations, the first radio device 103 may not support or perform Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) or Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) features.

[0056] Network entity 104 can communicate with or serve one or more radio devices (such as first radio device 103) operating in a serving cell within Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and / or in the licensed spectrum. In some cases, first radio device 103 may be different from another UE. In examples, depending on the design and characteristics of first radio device 103, first radio device 103 implements A-IoT features and is referred to as an A-IoT device, a low-power device, a backscatter device, or another term. In some implementations, first radio device 103 is a low-complexity device with low power consumption for IoT applications. First radio device 103 can fulfill use cases and scenarios that are not possible using existing 3GPP Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) IoT technologies (e.g., Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) with reduced peak transmit power).

[0057] In some implementations, network entity 104 may communicate with or serve the first wireless device 103 in a frequency division duplex (FDD) manner or on a specific spectrum. FDD refers to a method of establishing a full-duplex communication link, which uses two different radio frequencies for transmitter and receiver operation. In some implementations, network entity 104 may perform DL / Forward Link (FL) / R2D transmissions to the first wireless device 103 in the DL band. For example, network entity 104 transmits (i.e., sends) DL / R2D communication 204 to the first wireless device 103 in the DL band. In addition to transmitting configuration information, control signaling, and / or DL / R2D data, DL / R2D communication 204 may also provide power to the first wireless device 103 when the first wireless device 103 includes power harvesting capabilities. Network entity 104 may also transmit (or cause another entity to transmit) a first carrier 206 to the first wireless device 103 to enable at least one of power harvesting or UL / D2R communication. Alternatively or additionally, the first wireless device 103 may use a second carrier 210 from entity 212 to obtain power or to communicate. In the example, entity 212 is another network entity, UE, etc. In some implementations, the first carrier 206 may be a reference signal, a resource / wave with detectable transmission power, or a sequence. The first wireless device 103 may use backscatter modulation of the first carrier 206 (or the second carrier 210) to transmit (i.e., send) UL / D2R communication 208 to network entity 104. Backscatter refers to a technique in which a device (e.g., the first wireless device 103) receives power from a received transmission and uses that power to send subsequent transmissions without the aid of an internal power source. Network entity 104 may receive the UL / D2R communication 208 from the first wireless device 103 in the UL band. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may use the received first carrier 206 for automatic gain control (AGC). AGC refers to a closed-loop feedback regulation circuit in an amplifier or amplifier chain, which maintains a suitable signal amplitude at the output even if the signal amplitude at the input changes.

[0058] In some implementations, when network entity 104 sends the first carrier 206 to the first wireless device 103, network entity 104 may not send the first carrier 206 directly to the first wireless device 103. For example, network entity 104 may trigger or cause another entity (such as an intermediate node, UE, auxiliary node, TRP, A-IoT device with RF signal generation capability, or another network entity) to send the first carrier 206 to the first wireless device 103.

[0059] Network entity 104 can control the timing of the first carrier 206 based on one or more predetermined or configurable settings. For example, in some implementations, network entity 104 transmits the first carrier 206 to the first wireless device 103 before or during the same time slot having a configured (or indicated or scheduled) opportunity for the first wireless device 103 to transmit UL / D2R communication 208. In some implementations, network entity 104 transmits the first carrier 206 periodically or semi-periodically. Periodically or semi-periodically transmitted carriers can provide the first wireless device 103 with repeated opportunities for UL / D2R communication or for power transfer. In some implementations, network entity 104 configures the periodicity (T) and time slot offset (S) for the first carrier 206. In some implementations, network entity 104 transmits the first carrier 206 in time slot N if N mod T = S. In some implementations, network entity 104 transmits the first carrier 206 in one or more consecutive or non-consecutive time slots. In some implementations, network entity 104 configures the number of time slots for the first carrier 206 and / or the interval between every two time slots for the first carrier 206 to the first radio device 103. In some implementations, network entity 104 transmits the first carrier 206 in a subset or all of the symbols in each configured time slot. In some implementations, network entity 104 configures a symbol index for the first carrier 206 (e.g., a starting symbol index and the number of symbols).

[0060] In some implementations, network entity 104 (e.g., via DL / R2D communication 204) provides configuration information to the first wireless device 103. Among other examples, network entity 104 may transmit the configuration information via RRC messages, Media Access Control (MAC) Control Elements (CE) (MAC-CE), or control signals. The configuration information enables the first wireless device 103 to determine the frequency and timing of the first carrier 206. In some implementations, network entity 104 transmits control signals to the first wireless device 103 to indicate the frequency of the first carrier 206. In some implementations, network entity 104 avoids transmitting control signals and the first carrier 206 in the same time slot. Therefore, the scheduling offset between the end of the control signal (e.g., the last symbol) and the beginning of the first carrier 206 (e.g., the first symbol) may be greater than or equal to a threshold, where the threshold may be predefined, associated with the device capabilities of the first wireless device 103, or configured by network entity 104. Configuration information (such as control signals in DL / R2D communication 204) may indicate time-domain resources (e.g., time slot offset, number of time slots, symbol index, number of symbols, etc.) and / or frequency-domain resources (e.g., resource elements or resource blocks for the first carrier 206, frequency bands or carriers for the first carrier 206, etc.) for the first carrier 206. In some implementations, network entity 104 may transmit control signals in a group-common manner (e.g., based on a configured or predefined Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI)) or in a dedicated manner (e.g., based on a Cell RNTI (C-RNTI)). In some implementations, among other examples, control signals may be UL authorization, DL assignment, or group-common DCI, etc. Figure 2 The text describes UL / D2R and DL / R2D communication facilitated by a carrier wave between network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103. Figure 3 An embodiment in which network entity 104 transmits a carrier in the UL band or DL ​​band is described.

[0061] Figure 3A diagram 300 illustrates an example system according to an embodiment, including a network entity 104 and a first wireless device 103. In the example, when network entity 104 transmits a first carrier 306a in UL band 314, the first wireless device 103 can use backscatter communication (with or without frequency shift) to transmit UL / D2R communication 308a in UL band 314. When the first wireless device 103 does not support frequency shifting, or when the frequency shift offset capability of the first wireless device 103 does not support the frequency difference 318 between DL band 316 and UL band 314, the first wireless device 103 can use UL band 314 for backscatter or D2R communication. In another example, network entity 104 transmits a second carrier 306b in DL band 316. If the first wireless device 103 supports frequency shifting, the first wireless device 103 can shift the frequency of the second carrier 306b to UL band 314 and / or transmit UL / D2R communication 308b in UL band 314. Alternatively, if the first wireless device 103 does not support frequency shifting, it can avoid backscattering the second carrier 306b. In such a case, backscattering the second carrier 306b could cause interference in the DL band 316. Alternatively, if the first wireless device 103 or network entity 104 (or both) supports interference cancellation, the first wireless device 103 can backscatter the second carrier 306b to transmit UL / D2R communication 308b in the DL band 316.

[0062] In the example, network entity 104 transmits (or causes to transmit) a first carrier 306a in UL band 314. In some implementations, network entity 104 avoids transmitting other DL signals in DL band 316 at the same time or in the same symbol as the transmission of the first carrier 306a. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may not expect or may not be prepared to receive the first carrier 306a in UL band 314 and other DL signals in the DL band, wherein the first carrier 306a and other DL signals partially or completely overlap in the time domain. Alternatively, if the first wireless device 103 supports simultaneous reception in UL band 314 and DL band 316, network entity 104 may transmit DL signals in DL band 316 that partially or completely overlap in the time domain with the first carrier 306a in UL band 314. In some implementations, if at least one radio device in the serving cell supports simultaneously receiving a first carrier 306a in UL band 314 and receiving DL / R2D transmissions (not shown) in DL band 316, then network entity 104 may transmit the first carrier 306a in UL band 314 and DL / R2D transmissions (not shown) in DL band 316, wherein the first carrier 306a and DL / R2D transmissions partially or completely overlap in the time domain. In some implementations, if the first radio device 103 supports simultaneously receiving the first carrier 306a in UL band 314 and receiving DL / R2D transmissions (not shown) in DL band 316, then the first radio device 103 may expect or may be prepared to receive the first carrier 306a in UL band 314 and other DL signals in DL band 316, wherein the first carrier 306a and other DL signals partially or completely overlap in the time domain.

[0063] In another example, network entity 104 transmits (or causes to transmit) a second carrier 306b in DL band 316. In some implementations, network entity 104 may use frequency division multiplexing (FDM) in DL band 316 to transmit the second carrier 306b and another DL / R2D transmission (not shown) to the (same) first wireless device 103 or a different wireless device. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 (or another entity) transmits capability information to network entity 104 to indicate the capabilities of the first wireless device 103 and / or the supported frequency difference range for frequency shifting. The first wireless device 103 may support frequency shifting and / or support a frequency shift offset greater than or equal to the frequency difference 318 between DL band 316 and UL band 314 (e.g., the frequency difference 318 exists between the center frequency of DL band 316 and the center frequency of UL band 314). If so, network entity 104 can transmit a second carrier 306b to the first wireless device 103 in the DL band 316, expecting the first wireless device 103 to perform a frequency shift to transmit UL / D2R communication 308b in the UL band 314. In some implementations, even when the first wireless device 103 supports frequency shifting and / or when the first wireless device 103 supports a frequency shift offset greater than or equal to the frequency difference 318 between the DL band 316 and the UL band 314, the first wireless device 103 may not perform a frequency shift on the second carrier 306b received in the UL band 314 (or not perform a large frequency shift from one band to another), and may backscatter or transmit UL / D2R communication 308b in the UL band 314 (e.g., when the first wireless device 103 does not report its device capabilities or device / product identity to network entity 104).

[0064] In some implementations, if the first wireless device 103 receives the second carrier 306b, the first wireless device 103 may use the second carrier 306b to transmit or backscatter UL / D2R communication 308b. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may use the second carrier 306b to transmit or backscatter UL / D2R communication 308b after a time offset following the end (e.g., the last symbol) of the second carrier 306b in the DL band 316. In some implementations, the time offset may be predefined. In some implementations, the network entity 104 configures the time offset via RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or DCI based on device capabilities reported by the first wireless device 103.

[0065] In the example, network entity 104 transmits a second carrier 306b in DL band 316, but the first wireless device 103 does not support frequency shifting. Thus, different resulting behaviors may exist for the first wireless device 103. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 can transmit UL / D2R communication 308b in DL band 316 without changing / shifting the frequency of the second carrier 306b (or without making a large frequency shift from one band to another). For example, the first wireless device 103 can transmit or backscatter UL / D2R communication 308b at the same or similar center frequency as the second carrier 306b. If so, network entity 104, the first wireless device 103, or both can implement an interference-cancelling receiver to ensure that DL / R2D communication and UL / D2R communication (both in DL band 316) do not interfere with each other. In different implementations, if the first wireless device 103 does not support frequency shifting and the second carrier 306b is in the DL band 316, the first wireless device 103 can avoid backscattering the second carrier 306b in the DL band 316. The first wireless device 103 may still use the second carrier 306b for energy harvesting or other A-IoT operations that do not involve signal manipulation by the first wireless device 103 in the DL band 316. Figure 3 An embodiment in which network entity 104 transmits a carrier to first wireless device 103 in the UL band or DL ​​band is described, while Figure 4 The communication link between network entity 104 and first wireless device 103 is described.

[0066] Figure 4 A topology 400 is shown according to an embodiment where network entity 104 communicates with a first wireless device 103. In the example, network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 communicate via a communication link 420. The communication link 420 may be bidirectional or unidirectional. For example, the first wireless device 103 may communicate directly and bidirectionally with network entity 104. The communication link 420 between network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 may include A-IoT data and / or A-IoT signaling. Network entity 104 (or different network entities, Figure 4(Not shown) A carrier wave can be provided to enable communication via communication link 420. Furthermore, the network entity 104 that transmits to the first wireless device 103 may be different from the network entity (not shown) that receives UL / D2R communication from the first wireless device 103. In some implementations, both network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 are located indoors. Alternatively, one or both of network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 may be located outdoors. In some implementations, network entity 104 may use UEs and A-IoT devices (such as the first wireless device 103) in a microcell to serve the UE (not shown). Figure 4 The scenario described involves direct communication between network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103. Figure 5 The scenario described is where network entity 104 and first wireless device 103 communicate via an intermediate node.

[0067] Figure 5 A topology 500 is shown according to an embodiment, in which network entity 104 and first wireless device 103 communicate via an intermediate node 522. Network entity 104 and first wireless device 103 can communicate bidirectionally via the intermediate node 522 located between them; that is, the first wireless device 103 can send UL / D2R transmissions to the intermediate node 522 and receive DL / R2D transmissions from the intermediate node 522. The intermediate node 522 transmits A-IoT data, A-IoT control information, reference signals, and / or A-IoT signaling between network entity 104 and first wireless device 103. In the example, the intermediate node 522 is a relay, IAB node, UE (e.g., mobile UE), or a repeater capable of supporting A-IoT features. In the example, network entity 104 is located outdoors, and first wireless device 103 is located outdoors. Network entity 104 can control the intermediate node 522 for A-IoT functions. Intermediate node 522 can perform A-IoT characteristic-related processes or send / receive A-IoT characteristic-related transmissions based on instructions / configurations / prompts from network entity 104. For example, network entity 104 allocates time and / or frequency resources, such as a first carrier 206, for A-IoT communication.

[0068] In all respects, the first wireless device 103 communicates with the intermediate node 522 via communication link 520 (e.g., sending UL / D2R transmissions to and / or receiving DL / R2D transmissions from the intermediate node 522). Network entity 104 communicates with the intermediate node 522 via Uu interface 524. Figure 5 The description describes a scenario where network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103 communicate via intermediate node 522. Figure 6The scenario described describes an auxiliary node participating in communication between network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103.

[0069] Figure 6 A first topology 600a and a second topology 600b, according to an embodiment, are shown, in which an auxiliary node 626 participates in communication between a network entity and a wireless device. In the example, the auxiliary node 626 is a relay, an IAB node, a UE (e.g., a mobile UE), or a repeater capable of supporting A-IoT features.

[0070] In the first topology 600a, the first wireless device 103 transmits data / signaling to the network entity 104 via the UL link 630, and receives DL data / signaling from the auxiliary node 626 via the DL link 628. The network entity 104, the auxiliary node 626, or another entity may transmit a carrier wave, which enables uplink communication via the UL link 630. The network entity 104 and the auxiliary node 626 communicate via the Uu interface 624.

[0071] In the second topology 600b, the first wireless device 103 receives DL data / signal transmissions from network entity 104 via DL link 628, and transmits UL data / signal transmissions to auxiliary node 626 via UL link 630. Network entity 104, auxiliary node 626, or another entity may transmit a carrier wave, which enables uplink communication via UL link 630. Network entity 104 and auxiliary node 626 communicate via Uu interface 624. Figure 6 The description details a scenario where auxiliary node 626 participates in communication between network entity 104 and the first wireless device 103. Figure 7 The scenario in which the first wireless device 103 communicates directly with the UE is described.

[0072] Figure 7 A topology diagram 700 is shown in which a first wireless device 103 communicates directly with a UE 102 according to an embodiment. The first wireless device 103 and the UE 102 can communicate directly and bidirectionally via a communication link 720 using A-IoT features including carrier and control signaling. In various respects, the UE 102 can perform the functions described above or below performed by the network entity 104. Figure 7 The configuration for direct communication between the first wireless device 103 and the UE 102 is described, while Figure 8 A diagram is shown in which a first wireless device (e.g., an A-IoT device) and a second wireless device (e.g., a network entity, base station, TRP, UE, intermediate node, auxiliary node, reader) transmit PDRCH.

[0073] Figure 8The signaling diagram 800, according to an embodiment, illustrates communication between a first wireless device 103 and a second wireless device 105 for transmitting a PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may be an A-IoT device. The second wireless device 105 may be a network entity 104, which may correspond to a base station or a unit of a base station, such as RU 106, DU 108, CU 110, etc. In some aspects, the second wireless device 105 may be a UE 102, a TRP, an intermediate node 522, an auxiliary node 626, or a reader / writer.

[0074] The first wireless device 103 may optionally transmit 832 capability information to the second wireless device 105, the capability information indicating at least one of the following: the channel structure supported by the PDRCH, the modulation scheme supported by the PDRCH, the waveform supported by the PDRCH, the line coding supported by the PDRCH, or the supported D2R power control scheme. The second wireless device 105 may optionally receive the 832 capability information from the first wireless device 103, the capability information indicating at least one of the following: the channel structure supported by the PDRCH, the modulation scheme supported by the PDRCH, the waveform supported by the PDRCH, the line coding supported by the PDRCH, or the supported D2R power control scheme.

[0075] The second wireless device 105 sends 834 for PDRCH configuration to the first wireless device 103. The second wireless device 105 may send this configuration based on capability information. The first wireless device 103 receives 834 for PDRCH configuration from the second wireless device. The first wireless device 103 may receive this configuration based on capability information.

[0076] The second wireless device 105 transmits 836 at least one of the R2D preamble, R2D introductory code, or R2D postcode indicating the channel structure of the PRDCH. The first wireless device 103 detects at least one of the R2D preamble, R2D introductory code, or R2D postcode indicating the channel structure of the PRDCH.

[0077] The second wireless device 105 sends 840 R2D L1 control information for scheduling or triggering PDRCH to the first wireless device 103. The R2D L1 control information can be sent via PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 receives 840 R2D L1 control information for scheduling or triggering PDRCH from the second wireless device 105.

[0078] The first wireless device 103 may optionally perform an 842 path loss measurement on the R2D L1 control information. The first wireless device 103 may optionally determine at least one of an 843 reflection factor or amplification factor based on the path loss measurement.

[0079] The first wireless device 103 transmits 844 PDRCH transmissions to the second wireless device 105 based on R2D L1 control information. The PDRCH transmission includes at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postcode indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH. The channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. The second wireless device 105 receives the 844 PDRCH transmissions from the first wireless device 103 based on R2D L1 control information. The PDRCH transmission includes at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postcode indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH. The channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 may transmit the PDRCH transmissions based on at least one of a reflection factor or amplification factor determined in 843. Figure 8 A signaling diagram is described, illustrating the communication between a first wireless device and a second wireless device for transmitting PDRCH. Figures 9 to 12 Various aspects of PDRCH are shown. Figures 13 to 14 This illustrates various aspects of OOK modulation. Figures 15 to 16 The following diagram illustrates the implementation. Figures 1 to 14 One or more aspects of the method. Figure 17 The UE 102 is shown to be paired with Figures 1 to 16 One or more aspects of the implementation. Figure 18 104 pairs of network entities are shown. Figures 1 to 16 One or more aspects of the implementation.

[0080] Figure 9Illustration 900 shows an example of the channel structure of PDRCH 958 according to an embodiment. A first wireless device 103 may transmit PDRCH 958 to network entity 104 (or a second wireless device 105). In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits PDRCH 958 after network entity 104 triggers or schedules PDRCH 958 via R2D L1 control information or PDRCH. In some other implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits PDRCH 958 after detecting that uplink / D2R resources or a channel for PDRCH is idle or available, or in response to the first wireless device 103 detecting that uplink / D2R resources or a channel for PDRCH is idle or available. In some cases, PDRCH includes a bit stream that includes D2R L1 control information 952 and / or D2R data information 954. In some implementations, PDRCH 958 includes D2R L1 control information 952 and / or D2R data information 954 based on instructions / configurations from network entity 104 and / or device capabilities of the first wireless device 103.

[0081] The first wireless device 103 also transmits the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, the D2R postamble 956, or the D2R mid-preamble in / around PDRCH 958. Figure 9 At least one of (not depicted in the text). In all respects, the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, the D2R postamble 956, and the D2R intermediate preamble are separate from PDRCH 958. In other respects, the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, the D2R postamble 956, and the D2R intermediate preamble are considered to be included in PDRCH 958.

[0082] In various aspects, the first D2R preamble 950a indicates information related to the D2R L1 control information 952. In the example, the first D2R preamble 950a indicates that the D2R L1 control information 952 is located after (immediately following) the first D2R preamble 950a. In various aspects, the second D2R preamble 950b indicates information related to the D2R data information 954. For example, the second D2R preamble 950b indicates that the D2R data information 954 is located after (immediately following) the second D2R preamble 950b. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 transmits the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, the D2R postamble 956, and / or the D2R mid-preamble based on indications or configurations from the network entity 104 and / or based on the capabilities of the first wireless device 103.

[0083] In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 can transmit a first D2R preamble 950a, a second D2R preamble 950, a D2R mid-preamble, and / or a D2R postamble 956 based on a first subcarrier spacing (SCS), transmit D2R L1 control information 952 based on a second SCS, and transmit D2R data information 954 based on a third SCS, wherein the first SCS, second SCS, and third SCS may be the same or different. Network entity 104 can configure or indicate the first SCS, second SCS, and third SCS to the first wireless device 103, or the first SCS, second SCS, and third SCS may be predefined (e.g., based on the frequency band used to transmit PDRCH 958). In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 can transmit PDRCH 958 from (only) one or a single antenna port. In various respects, the first wireless device 103 transmits some or all of the information for PDRCH 958 (e.g., first D2R preamble 950a, second D2R preamble 950, D2R middle preamble and / or D2R postamble 956, D2R L1 control information 952, D2R data information 954) from multiple antenna ports. The network entity 104 may configure or indicate the number of antenna ports to the first wireless device 103, or the number of antenna ports may be predefined.

[0084] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may send D2R L1 control information 952 to network entity 104 to indicate / report an acknowledgment (ACK) of a previous PRDCH. In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 does not send D2R L1 control information 952 to network entity 104 for a negative acknowledgment (NACK) of a previous PRDCH. In some other implementations, the first wireless device 103 may send D2R L1 control information 952 to network entity 104 to indicate / report a NACK of a previous PRDCH. In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 does not send D2R L1 control information 952 to network entity 104 for an ACK of a previous PRDCH. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 sends D2R L1 control information 952 to network entity 104 to indicate an ACK and / or NACK of a previous PRDCH. In some implementations, for ACK-only or NACK-only indication / reporting operations, if the first radio device 103 determines not to send D2R L1 control information 952 and determines to send D2R data information 954 on PDRCH 958, then the first radio device 103 determines that the resources used for D2R L1 control information 952 are unavailable for transmission or unavailable for resource matching for D2R data information 952. In some implementations, for ACK-only or NACK-only operations, if the first radio device 103 determines not to send D2R L1 control information 952 and determines not to send D2R data information 954 on PDRCH 958, then the first radio device 103 determines not to send PDRCH 958.

[0085] In some implementations, if the first wireless device 103 sends a PDRCH 958 including D2R L1 control information 952 and / or D2R data information 954, the first wireless device 103 may perform one or more of the following repetition methods: repeating the PDRCH 958, repeating the D2R data information 954 (or D2R data bitstream) in a single PDRCH, or repeating the D2R L1 control information 952 (or D2R L1 control bitstream) in a single PDRCH. In one example, the first wireless device 103 may determine which repetition method(s) to perform based on an instruction or configuration from network entity 104. In another example, the first wireless device 103 may determine which repetition method(s) to perform based on its own determination. In this example, the first wireless device 103 may (e.g., via D2R L1 control information) indicate / report to network entity 104 which repetition method to use.

[0086] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits D2R data information 954 or PDRCH 958 to network entity 104 based on scheduling information for D2R data information 954 or scheduling information for PDRCH 958. The scheduling information may include at least one of the following: a trigger signal for transmitting PDRCH 958; a waveform for PDRCH 958; a modulation scheme (e.g., OOK-1, OOK-4, amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, phase shift keying (PSK) modulation (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK)) or pulse position modulation (PPM)); the format of PDRCH 958; frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) information, including a start subcarrier index and / or a resource block index; if the scheduling information indicates the use of OOK-4 as the modulation / waveform scheme, M The value of; D2R data bitstream length; reflection / amplification factor for D2R Tx power or parameters / coefficients related to D2R Tx power; Time Domain Resource Allocation (TDRA) information, including at least one of the start symbol and / or start time slot information of subsequent D2R data information; number of repetitions of PDRCH 958; number of repetitions of D2R data information 954 (or D2R data bitstream) in a single PDRCH; number of repetitions of D2R L1 control information (or D2R L1 control bitstream) in a single DPRCH; scheduling offset of subsequent / corresponding D2R data information (e.g., scheduling offset of subcarrier spacing based on the first D2R preamble 950a or the second D2R preamble 950b, D2R L1 control information 952 or D2R data information 954); and / or Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) information, including at least one of New Data Indicator (NDI), Redundancy Version (RV) and / or HARQ process index.

[0087] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 sends a PDRCH to the network entity 104, wherein the PDRCH includes D2R data information (but does not include D2R L1 control information). In such implementations, the network entity 104 sends at least one of the following: a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, a D2R mid-preamble, and / or a D2R postamble. In such implementations, when the network entity 104 receives or detects a PDRCH that does not include D2R L1 control information, the network entity 104 derives the D2R L1 control information based on the pattern or number of the first D2R preamble, the pattern or number of the second D2R preamble, and / or the pattern or number of the first and second D2R preambles.

[0088] In some other implementations, the first wireless device 103 sends a first PDRCH and a second PDRCH to the network entity 104. The first PDRCH may include D2R L1 control information (but not D2R data information). The second PDRCH may include D2R data information (but not D2R L1 control information).

[0089] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 sends a PDRCH to the network entity 104, wherein the PDRCH includes D2R L1 control information and D2R data information. The D2R L1 control information may include an ACK and / or NACK for a previous PDRCH. In such implementations, the network entity 104 sends at least one of the following: a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, a D2R intro, and / or a D2R postamble.

[0090] In an implementation where the first wireless device 103 sends a PDRCH to the network entity 104, the PDRCH includes D2R control information and D2R data information. The first wireless device 103 sends or multiplexes the D2R data information and D2R L1 control information in various ways. In this example, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the D2R L1 control information before the D2R data information. Figure 9 The above example is illustrated. For instance, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the D2R L1 control information 952 before the D2R data information 954 in PDRCH 958.

[0091] As described above, the first wireless device 103 can transmit D2R transmissions to the network entity 104 via PDRCH. When the first wireless device 103 transmits a bitstream including the PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 can add or append a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to the bitstream. For example, the first wireless device 103 adds or appends a CRC to the end of the bitstream of D2R data information. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 adds or appends a CRC to the end of the bitstream including D2R L1 control information and D2R data information. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 uses different lengths or different types of CRCs depending on the length of the bitstream of D2R data information. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 uses different lengths or different types of CRCs depending on the length of the bitstream of D2R L1 control information and D2R data information. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 determines whether to use a CRC and / or determines the type of CRC based on instructions or configuration from the network entity 104.

[0092] When the first wireless device 103 transmits a bitstream including PDRCH, it can apply line coding to convert the bitstream (with or without CRC) into a digital signal. The encoded digital signal can provide clock calibration and / or symbol-level timing synchronization for signal detection. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 selects and applies line coding from: Pulse Interval Code (PIE), Manchester Code, Miller Code, or Frequency Modulation Zero (FM0) Code. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 determines whether to use line coding and / or determines the type of CRC line coding to use based on instructions or configuration from network entity 104.

[0093] When the first wireless device 103 transmits a bit stream including a PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 can modulate the (encoded) bit stream according to a modulation scheme such as On / Off Keying (OOK), Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), or Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). If the first wireless device 103 applies an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform to the PDRCH, the network entity 104 can configure or instruct the first wireless device 103 to use OOK-1 modulation for transmitting a single bit per OFDM symbol, or to use OOK-4 modulation for transmitting each OFDM symbol. M bits, of which M Greater than or equal to one. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH in units of two before performing a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) or least squares operation (e.g., the length of the DFT or least squares operation can be based on, where...). K (It is an integer greater than or equal to zero). In the example, if network entity 104 is configured for the first wireless device 103... K If the value is zero, the first wireless device 103 will transmit the PDRCH based on OOK-1 modulation. In various respects, the first wireless device 103 determines whether to apply modulation and / or determines the type of modulation to be used based on instructions or configuration from network entity 104.

[0094] When the first wireless device 103 transmits a bitstream including PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 may perform channel coding or forward error correction. For example, the first wireless device 103 may apply repetition coding to the (coded and / or modulated) bitstream for channel coding. In various respects, the first wireless device 103 determines whether to apply channel coding and / or determines the type of channel coding to use based on instructions or configuration from network entity 104.

[0095] When network entity 104 sends a bit stream including PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 can generate a waveform according to one of the following schemes: single carrier, single tone, single subcarrier, or multiple carriers. Figure 9 The description describes a scenario where the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions D2R L1 control information before D2R data information in the PDRCH, and Figure 10 The description describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions D2R L1 control information around the first D2R preamble, the second D2R preamble, the D2R middle preamble, or the D2R postamble.

[0096] Figure 10 Illustration 1000 shows an example of the channel structure of PDRCH 1058 according to an embodiment. A first wireless device 103 can transmit PDRCH 1058 to network entity 104 (or a second wireless device 105). Figure 10 In the implementation described, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the D2R L1 control information 1060 around (e.g., before or after) the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, the first D2R data information 1054a, the D2R middle preamble 1062, the second D2R data information 1054b, and the D2R postamble 956. Figure 10 The description describes a scenario where the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions D2R L1 control information around the first D2R preamble, the second D2R preamble, the D2R middle preamble, or the D2R postamble. Figure 11 The description describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first portion of the D2R L1 control information before the D2R data information and in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second portion of the D2R L1 control information after the D2R data information.

[0097] Figure 11 Illustration 1100 shows an example of the channel structure of PDRCH 1158 according to an embodiment. A first wireless device 103 can transmit PDRCH 1158 to network entity 104 (or a second wireless device 105). Figure 11 In the implementation described, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the first part 1152a of the D2R L1 control information before the D2R data information 954, and the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the second part 1152b of the D2R L1 control information after the D2R data information 954. Figure 11The description includes a scenario where the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first portion of the D2R L1 control information before the D2R data information and where the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second portion of the D2R L1 control information after the D2R data information. Figure 12 The description describes a scenario in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first portion of the D2R L1 control information around a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, a D2R middle preamble, or a D2R postamble, and in which the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second portion of the D2R L1 control information after the D2R data information.

[0098] Figure 12 Illustration 1200 shows an example of the channel structure of PDRCH 1258 according to an embodiment. A first wireless device 103 transmits PDRCH 1258 to network entity 104 (or a second wireless device 105). Figure 12 In the implementation described, the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the first part 1252a of the D2R L1 control information around the first D2R preamble 950a, the second D2R preamble 950b, the D2R middle preamble 1262a, the D2R middle preamble 1262b, or the D2R postamble 956, and the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions the second part 1252b of the D2R control information after the first D2R data information 1054a and after the second D2R data information 1054b.

[0099] Reference Figure 9 In some aspects, when the first wireless device 103 supports data enhancement for D2R L1 control information 952, the first wireless device 103 transmits D2R L1 control information 952 and D2R data information 954 in different time units (e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols).

[0100] In this implementation, the first wireless device 103 transmits PDRCH 958 to the network entity 104 according to the OOK-4 modulation scheme. PDRCH 958 includes D2RL1 control information 952 and D2R data information 954. The first wireless device 103 ensures that the bit length of the D2RL1 control information 952 is an integer. M In this implementation, the first wireless device 103 adds or appends a set of bits (i.e., "virtual bits") to the end of the D2R L1 control information 952. In this implementation, the network entity 104 instructs the first wireless device 103 whether to add the set of bits to the D2R L1 control information 952.

[0101] As described above, in some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may send a PDRCH to the network entity 104, wherein the PDRCH includes D2R data information (but not D2R L1 control information). In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 includes information corresponding to the D2R L1 control information in the D2R data information. For example, the first wireless device 103 sends a Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) or MAC-CE that includes information corresponding to the D2R L1 control information, either in or via the D2R data information. In such implementations, the network entity 104 receives a PDRCH that includes D2R data information (but not D2R L1 control information). The network entity 104 decodes the D2R data information and then decodes or parses the information corresponding to the D2R L1 control information from the decoded D2R data information.

[0102] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 sends a PDRCH to the network entity 104, comprising a first portion of D2R data information and D2R L1 control information. The first portion of the D2R L1 control information may include an ACK and / or NACK from a previous PDRCH. In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 includes a second portion of the D2R L1 control information in the D2R data information. For example, the first wireless device 103 sends a MAC PDU or MAC-CE including information corresponding to the second portion of the D2R L1 control information, either in or via the D2R data information. In such implementations, the network entity 104 receives the PDRCH comprising the first portion of the D2R data information and the D2R L1 control information. The network entity 104 decodes the D2R data information and then decodes or parses the second portion of the D2R L1 control information from the decoded D2R data information. In such implementations, the first portion of the D2R L1 control information may be referred to as an ACK and / or NACK to a previous PDRCH. In this type of implementation, the second part of the D2R L1 control information can be referred to as control information other than ACK / NACK. In other implementations, the second part of the D2R L1 control information can be referred to as ACK and / or NACK for the previous PRDCH, while the first part of the D2R L1 control information can be referred to as control information other than ACK / NACK.

[0103] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 sends a PDRCH to the network entity 104 that includes D2R L1 control information (but not D2R data information). The D2R L1 control information may include an ACK and / or NACK for a previous PDRCH. The D2R L1 control information may not include D2R L1 control information other than an ACK and / or NACK for a previous PDRCH.

[0104] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH comprising at least one symbol to the network entity 104, wherein the at least one symbol includes D2R L1 control information and D2R data information; that is, the first wireless device 103 can perform intra-symbol multiplexing of the D2R L1 control information and D2R data information. In some examples, the first wireless device 103 transmits the D2R L1 control information and D2R data information via different subcarriers or frequency units. In other examples, the first wireless device 103 transmits the D2R L1 control information and D2R data information via different modulated symbols before the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) or before the least squares operation (e.g., OOK-4 waveform). The first wireless device 103 can transmit the D2R L1 control information based on a uniform or non-uniform distribution in the symbols.

[0105] In some implementations, to transmit D2R data to network entity 104, the first wireless device 103 may apply a different or higher D2R Tx power compared to the D2R Tx power used to transmit the first D2R data information to network entity 104. The first wireless device 103 may apply different D2R Tx powers based on its device capabilities. Network entity 104 may indicate to the first wireless device 103 whether to apply a different D2R Tx power, and / or indicate incremental D2R Tx power, absolute D2R Tx power, and / or reference D2R Tx power. In some aspects, the first D2R data information may not carry or reuse D2R L1 control information.

[0106] D2R transmission may be or includes D2R L1 control information. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 may multiplex or transmit D2R L1 control information and first D2R data information in the same PDRCH. In such aspects, the D2R L1 control information includes a first portion and a second portion of D2R L1 control information. In the example, the first wireless device 103 applies a different or higher D2R Tx power for transmitting the first portion of the D2R L1 control information. The first portion of the D2R L1 control information may be referred to as an ACK and / or NACK to the previous PDRCH. The second portion of the D2R L1 control information may be referred to as control information other than an ACK and / or NACK to the previous PDRCH. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 may transmit D2R L1 control information in a first PDRCH, and the first wireless device 103 may transmit first D2R data information in a second PDRCH.

[0107] D2R transmission may include or include second D2R data information, which includes D2R L1 control information included in the MAC PDU or MAC-CE. In various respects, the first wireless device 103 may multiplex or transmit the second D2R data information in a PDRCH different from the PDRCH of the first D2R data information.

[0108] In some implementations, in order to transmit D2R data to network entity 104, the first wireless device 103 may apply a different modulation scheme than the modulation scheme used to transmit the first D2R data information to network entity 104. The first wireless device 103 may apply different modulation schemes based on its device capabilities. Network entity 104 may indicate to the first wireless device 103 whether to apply a different modulation scheme and / or the applied modulation scheme. In some aspects, the first D2R data information may not carry or multiplex D2R L1 control information.

[0109] D2R transmission may include or include D2R L1 control information. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 may multiplex or transmit D2R L1 control information and first D2R data information in the same PRDCH. In such aspects, the D2R L1 control information includes a first portion and a second portion of D2R L1 control information. In the example, the first wireless device 103 applies different modulation schemes for transmitting the first portion of the D2R L1 control information. The first portion of the D2R L1 control information may be referred to as an ACK and / or NACK for the previous PRDCH, and the second portion of the D2R L1 control information may be referred to as control information other than an ACK and / or NACK for the previous PRDCH (or vice versa). In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 may transmit D2R L1 control information in a first PDRCH, and the first wireless device 103 may transmit the first D2R data information in a second PRDCH.

[0110] D2R transmission may include or include second D2R data information, which includes D2R L1 control information included in the MAC PDU or MAC-CE. In various respects, the first wireless device 103 may multiplex or transmit the second D2R data information in a PRDCH that is different from the PRDCH of the first D2R data information.

[0111] As described above, in some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit a PDRCH to the network entity 104, wherein the PDRCH includes a bit stream comprising D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information. In various aspects, whether the bit stream includes D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information depends on the indication or configuration from the network entity 104 and / or on the capabilities of the first wireless device 103. In such implementations, the first wireless device 103 may transmit a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, a D2R introductory code, or a D2R postcode around or within the PDRCH. In various aspects, the first D2R preamble indicates information related to the D2R L1 control information. In various aspects, the second D2R preamble indicates information related to the D2R data information. In all respects, whether the first wireless device 103 transmits the first D2R preamble, the second D2R preamble, the D2R mid-preamble, or the D2R postamble depends on the instructions or configuration from the network entity 104 and / or on the capabilities of the first wireless device 103.

[0112] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits different pattern combinations of a first D2R preamble and / or a second D2R preamble. In the example, the PDRCH includes D2R data information (but not D2R L1 control information). The first wireless device 103 may or may not transmit the first D2R preamble. If the first wireless device 103 transmits the first D2R preamble, the number or quantity or format of the (continuously) transmitted first D2R preambles may at least indicate an ACK and / or NACK for the previous PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit the second D2R preamble before transmitting the PDRCH or D2R data information. The number or quantity or format of the (continuously) transmitted second D2R preambles may at least indicate an ACK and / or NACK for the previous PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit a D2R mid-preamble within the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit a D2R post-preamble at the end of the PDRCH.

[0113] In another example, the PDRCH includes D2R data information and D2R L1 control information. In this example, the first wireless device 103 transmits a first D2R preamble before transmitting the PDRCH or D2R L1 control information. The number, quantity, or format of the (continuously) transmitted first D2R preambles may at least indicate an ACK and / or NACK for the previous PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit a second D2R preamble. In each respect, if the first wireless device 103 transmits a second D2R preamble, the first wireless device 103 transmits the second D2R preamble after transmitting the first R2D preamble (or after the R2D L1 control information) and before transmitting the PDRCH. This may imply that the first wireless device 103 transmits the first and second D2R preambles consecutively. In other respects, the first wireless device 103 transmits the second D2R preamble within the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit a D2R mid-preamble within the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 can send a D2R postcode at the end of the PDRCH.

[0114] In another example, the PDRCH includes D2R L1 control information (but not D2R data information). The first wireless device 103 transmits a first D2R preamble before transmitting the PDRCH. The number, quantity, or format of the (continuously) transmitted first D2R preambles may at least indicate an ACK and / or NACK for the previous PDRCH. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 may not transmit a second D2R preamble. In various aspects, the first wireless device 103 may not transmit a D2R middle preamble within the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may transmit a D2R end preamble at the end of the PDRCH.

[0115] In some implementations, when the second D2R preamble and / or PDRCH are received, if network entity 104 has not received the first D2R preamble (immediately before the second D2R preamble), then network entity 104 can determine that the PDRCH does not carry or send D2R L1 control information.

[0116] In some implementations, when the first D2R preamble and / or PDRCH is received, network entity 104 may determine that the PDRCH carries or transmits D2R L1 control information (e.g., for ACK and / or NACK of the previous PDRCH).

[0117] In some implementations, when the first D2R preamble and / or PDRCH are received, if network entity 104 receives a second D2R preamble after the first D2R preamble and before or during the PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 can determine that the second D2R preamble indicates the end of the D2R L1 control information and / or the beginning of the D2R data information. In such implementations, the network entity can determine that the remainder of the PDRCH after the second D2R preamble corresponds to the D2R data information.

[0118] In some implementations, when the initial first D2R preamble and first D2R L1 control information are transmitted in the PDRCH, if the first wireless device 103 transmits another instance of the first D2R preamble after the initial first D2R preamble and before or during the PDRCH, the first wireless device 103 can use that instance of the first D2R preamble to indicate that the second D2R L1 control information follows that instance of the first D2R preamble. In some aspects, the second D2R L1 control information may be a repetition of the first D2R L1 control information, or may include the same content as the first D2R L1 control information. In some aspects, the first wireless device 103 uses that instance of the first D2R preamble to indicate the end of the first D2R L1 control information.

[0119] In some implementations, when the first D2R preamble and PDRCH are received, if the network entity 104 receives the D2R postamble after the first D2R preamble, the network entity 104 can determine that the D2R postamble indicates the end of the D2R L1 control information and / or the PDRCH does not include D2R data information.

[0120] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH to the network entity 104, wherein the PDRCH includes a bit stream comprising D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information. In some implementations, whether the PDRCH includes a bit stream comprising D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information may depend on configuration or instructions from the network entity and / or the capabilities of the first wireless device 103. The first wireless device 103 transmits a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, and a D2R intro or D2R postamble around or within the PDRCH. In various aspects, the first D2R preamble may indicate information related to the D2R L1 control information. In various aspects, the second D2R preamble may indicate information related to the D2R data information. In this implementation, whether the wireless device transmits a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, and a D2R middle or D2R postamble may depend on the configuration or instruction from network entity 104 and / or the capabilities of the first wireless device 103. In such an implementation, the PDRCH may have a first format (e.g., format 0) or a second format (e.g., format 1). The first format may indicate that the PDRCH uses OOK-1 modulation. The first wireless device 103 may use the first format to transmit D2R L1 control information. Network entity 104 may configure the first wireless device 103 to use the first format for transmitting D2R L1 control information. The first wireless device 103 may use a short cyclic redundancy check (CRC) such as CRC-6 to transmit / generate the PDRCH in the first format. The second format indicates that the PDRCH uses OOK-4 modulation. The first wireless device 103 may use the second format to transmit D2R data information. Network entity 104 may configure the first wireless device 103 to use the first format for transmitting D2R L1 control information. The first wireless device 103 can use a long CRC, such as CRC-16, to send / generate PDRCH in a second format.

[0121] In some implementations, network entity 104 can configure the first wireless device 103 with different formats corresponding to different DFT or different least squares operation lengths. When the length is one, the first wireless device 103 transmits the PDRCH based on OOK-1 operation (i.e., OOK-1 modulation). Otherwise, the first wireless device 103 transmits the PDRCH based on OOK-4 operation (i.e., OOK-4 modulation).

[0122] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 may use different formats for the PDRCH depending on whether it carries / transmits D2R L1 control information, D2R data information, or both. For example, the first wireless device 103 may use the first format described above to transmit a PDRCH including D2R L1 control information. Alternatively, the first wireless device 103 may use the second format described above to transmit a PDRCH including D2R data information. Finally, the first wireless device 103 may use the second format described above to transmit a PDRCH including both D2R L1 control information and D2R data information.

[0123] In some implementations, if the first wireless device 103 transmits a PDRCH that includes D2R L1 control information and D2R data information, the first wireless device 103 may use different PDRCH formats to transmit a portion of the PDRCH including the D2R L1 control information and the remainder of the PDRCH including the D2R data information.

[0124] In some implementations, the PDRCH can have different formats. Each format can represent the PDRCH using a specific waveform and / or modulation scheme. The waveform can include single-carrier, single-tone, single-subcarrier, or multi-carrier. The modulation scheme can include OOK, ASK, FSK, PSK, or PPM.

[0125] In some implementations, when the first wireless device 103 sends a PDRCH to the network entity 104, the first wireless device 103 may use or transmit symbols or signals for AGC. In some aspects, the symbols or signals for AGC may include one of a first D2R preamble, a second D2R preamble, a D2R intro, or a D2R postcode. In some aspects, the symbols or signals for AGC may include symbols or signals specifically designed for AGC. In some aspects, whether the first wireless device 103 uses symbols or signals for AGC may depend on instructions or configuration from the network entity and / or on the capabilities of the first wireless device 103.

[0126] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 applies a reflection factor or amplification factor when transmitting the PDRCH. The first wireless device 103 may determine the D2R transmission power based on the reflection factor or amplification factor and / or based on the power received for R2D transmission (such as the R2D preamble, R2D intermezzo, R2D postamble, carrier, R2D L1 control information, or R2D data information for reference PRDCH (e.g., the most recently received PRDCH or the PRDCH configured or indicated by network entity 104)).

[0127] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 determines the reflection factor or amplification factor based on indications or configurations from network entity 104 (e.g., scheduling information for D2R data information included in R2D L1 control information or PRDCH). In such implementations, network entity 104 may indicate the reflection factor or amplification factor in a cell-specific or device-specific manner. In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 determines the reflection factor or amplification factor based on derivations performed by the first wireless device 103. For example, the first wireless device 103 measures the path loss (PL) from R2D transmissions (e.g., PRDCH, R2D preamble, R2D middle preamble, R2D postamble, carrier, or PL-specific signal). In such implementations, network entity 104 configures or indicates the transmission of the R2D Tx power of the measured object.

[0128] In some implementations, before the first wireless device 103 determines the reflection factor or amplification factor as described above, the first wireless device 103 applies a default value (e.g., an integer 1 or 100%) to the reflection factor or amplification factor.

[0129] In some implementations, the reflection factor or amplification factor can be an absolute D2R Tx power value, an absolute increment of D2R Tx power, or a cumulative increment of D2R Tx power. In some implementations, the reflection factor or amplification factor can be a rate, a power index, a power value, or a row index mapped to a table with power values. In some implementations, the reflection factor or amplification factor may result in reduced D2R Tx power.

[0130] In some implementations, network entity 104 may configure or instruct the first wireless device 103 to apply different reflection factors or amplification factors to D2R L1 control information and D2R data information. In some implementations, network entity 104 may configure or instruct the first wireless device 103 to apply different reflection factors or amplification factors based on the type of the first wireless device 103 (e.g., A-IoT device 1, A-IoT device 2a, or A-IoT device 2b).

[0131] In some implementations, the first wireless device 103 reports the value of the reflection loss (precise or incremental) to the network entity 104. In some aspects, the first wireless device 103 reports the value of the reflection loss via D2R L1 control information, D2R L1 data information, or PDRCH. In some aspects, the first wireless device 103 reports the value of the reflection loss if the reflection loss is greater than (or equal to) a threshold or falls within another range, or if the received power used for reference PDRCH or reference R2D transmission is below a threshold. Figure 12The description describes a scenario where the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a first portion of the D2R L1 control information around the first D2R preamble, the second D2R preamble, the D2R middle preamble, or the D2R postamble, and where the first wireless device 103 multiplexes or positions a second portion of the D2R L1 control information after the D2R data information. Figure 13 The first wireless device 103 is described as being able to use OOK-1 modulation to modulate D2R L1 control information and / or D2R data information.

[0132] Figure 13 Illustration 1300 shows an example of an OOK-1 modulation scheme. In the example, a first wireless device 103 modulates a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) 1364 and subcarriers (SC) 0 13070a, SC 1 1370b, and SC 1366. K -11370c( K (Greater than or equal to 0). In OOK-1 modulation, the first wireless device 103 modulates all subcarriers. In OOK-0 modulation, from the baseband perspective, all subcarriers have zero power. The first wireless device 103 performs an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and adds a cyclic prefix 1368. For OOK-1 modulation, the first wireless device 103 transmits a single bit in an OFDM symbol 1372. Figure 13 An example of OOK-1 modulation is described, while Figure 14 An example of the OOK-4 modulation scheme is described.

[0133] Figure 14 A diagram illustrating an example of an OOK-4 modulation scheme is shown. In the example, a first wireless device 103 performs signal generation and modification 1476 on M = 4 bits (e.g., 1001) associated with LP-WUS time 1474; that is, the first wireless device 103 transforms M = 4 bits in the time domain. After signal generation and modification 1476, the first wireless device 103 performs a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) / least square operation 1478 to generate OOK-1. N ( N (N is an integer) subcarriers. The first radio device 103 generates N' samples from M = 4 bits. The first radio device 103 may or may not perform truncation and modification 1480. If the first radio device 103 does not perform truncation and modification 1480, then N equals N'. N' may equal K. The OOK-4 modulation scheme produces OFDM symbols 1482.

[0134] As described herein, network entity 104 may configure and / or serve the first radio device 103 in the serving cell. Network entity 104 may configure the first radio device 103 to communicate with network entity 104 in the serving cell. Network entity 104 may configure a single bandwidth portion (BWP) for the first radio device 103. The first radio device 103 may not remain in or operate in the RRC_CONNECTED state, RRC_INACTIVE state, or RRC_IDLE state.

[0135] As described in this article, network entity 104 can refer to a base station, a base station unit, a TRP, an intermediate node, and / or a reader.

[0136] As described in this article, if the process is related to the serving cell, then the process is related to the activity (DL / UL) BWP in the serving cell.

[0137] As described herein, a carrier may include a reference signal, a resource / wave with detectable transmission power, or a sequence.

[0138] As used herein, network entity 104 configuring behavior or procedure for first wireless device 103 (or UE) means that network entity 104 sends configuration to first wireless device 103 (or UE) for performing the behavior or procedure.

[0139] In all respects, the D2R preamble / intermulet / postamble can be, include, or be referred to as the time acquisition signal or synchronization signal.

[0140] As used herein, the first wireless device 103 (or UE) being configured with a behavior or procedure means that the first wireless device 103 receives a configuration from network entity 104 for performing the behavior or procedure. Figure 14 An example of the OOK-4 modulation scheme is described, while Figure 15 A flowchart describing a method for wireless communication at a first wireless device is provided.

[0141] Figure 15 A flowchart 1500 illustrating a method for wireless communication at a first wireless device is shown. (Reference) Figures 1 to 8 The method can be performed by the first wireless device 103. As indicated above, the first wireless device 103 can be an A-IoT device, such as A-IoT device 1, A-IoT device 2a, or A-IoT device 2b.

[0142] The first wireless device 103 may optionally send 1532 capability information to the second wireless device 105, the capability information indicating at least one of the following: the channel structure supported by the PDRCH, the modulation scheme supported by the PDRCH, the waveform supported by the PDRCH, the line coding supported by the PDRCH, or the D2R power control scheme supported by the PDRCH. For example, Figure 8 The diagram shows that the first wireless device 103 optionally transmits 832 capability information to the second wireless device 105. This capability information indicates at least one of the following: the channel structure supported by the PDRCH, the modulation scheme supported by the PDRCH, the waveform supported by the PDRCH, the line coding supported by the PDRCH, or the supported D2R power control scheme. The PDRCH may be or include the above-described combinations. Figures 9 to 12 The PDRCH described.

[0143] The first wireless device 103 receives configuration information for PDRCH from the second wireless device 105, configured by 1534. The first wireless device 103 may receive this configuration based on capability information. For example, Figure 8 This illustrates that the first wireless device 103 receives configuration information for PDRCH from the second wireless device 105 via 834.

[0144] The first wireless device 103 detects at least one of the R2D preamble, R2D middle preamble, or R2D postamble that indicates the channel structure of the PRDCH, as specified in 1536. For example, Figure 8 The first wireless device 103 is shown to detect at least one of the R2D preamble, R2D middle code, or R2D postamble of the channel structure indicating the PRDCH by 836.

[0145] The first wireless device 103 receives R2D L1 control information from the second wireless device 105 1540 for scheduling or triggering PDRCH. For example, Figure 8 The first wireless device 103 receives R2D L1 control information from the second wireless device 105 for scheduling or triggering PDRCH from the second wireless device 105.

[0146] The first wireless device 103 may optionally perform a 1542 path loss measurement on the R2D L1 control information. For example, Figure 8 The first wireless device 103 is shown to optionally perform an 842 path loss measurement on R2D L1 control information. The first wireless device 103 may optionally determine at least one of 1543 reflection factor or amplification factor based on the path loss measurement. For example, Figure 8 The first wireless device 103 is shown to optionally determine at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor based on path loss measurements.

[0147] The first wireless device 103 transmits a 1544 PDRCH transmission to the second wireless device 105 based on R2D L1 control information. This PDRCH transmission includes at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH. The channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. For example, Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a first wireless device 103 transmitting an 844 PDRCH transmission to a second wireless device 105 based on R2D L1 control information. This PDRCH transmission includes at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH. The channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. The first wireless device 103 can transmit the PDRCH transmission based on at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor. The preamble, introductory code, and / or postamble can be as described above regarding... Figures 9 to 12 The aforementioned preamble, intermezzo, or postamble. D2R L1 control information or D2R data information can be as described above regarding... Figures 9 to 12 The aforementioned D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. Figure 15 A method is described for a first wireless device from a wireless communication link, while Figure 16 A method for using a second wireless device from a wireless communication link is described.

[0148] Figure 16 Flowchart 1600 shows a method for wireless communication at the second wireless device 105. (See reference) Figures 1 to 8 The method can be performed by one or more network entities 104 (which may correspond to a base station or a unit of a base station such as RU 106, DU 108 and / or CU 110), UE 102, intermediate node 522, auxiliary node 626, TRP or reader.

[0149] The second wireless device 105 optionally receives 1632 capability information from the first wireless device 103, the capability information indicating at least one of the following: the channel structure supported by the PDRCH, the modulation scheme supported by the PDRCH, the waveform supported by the PDRCH, the line coding supported by the PDRCH, or the D2R power control scheme supported by the PDRCH. For example, Figure 8 The second wireless device 105 is shown to optionally receive 832 capability information from the first wireless device 103. This capability information indicates at least one of the following: the channel structure supported by the PDRCH, the modulation scheme supported by the PDRCH, the waveform supported by the PDRCH, the line coding supported by the PDRCH, or the supported D2R power control scheme. The PDRCH may be or include the above-described combination. Figures 9 to 12 The PDRCH described.

[0150] The second wireless device 105 sends 1634 for PDRCH configuration to the first wireless device 103. The second wireless device 105 may send this configuration based on capability information. For example, Figure 8 At 834, it is shown that the second wireless device 105 sends 834 to the first wireless device 103 for PDRCH configuration.

[0151] The second wireless device 105 transmits 1636 at least one of the R2D preamble, R2D introductory, or R2D postamble indicating the PRDCH channel structure. For example, Figure 8 The second wireless device 105 is shown transmitting at least one of the R2D preamble, R2D introductory code, or R2D postamble that indicates the channel structure of the PRDCH.

[0152] The second wireless device 105 sends R2D L1 control information 1640 to the first wireless device 103 for scheduling or triggering PDRCH. For example, Figure 8 This shows that the second wireless device 105 sends 840 R2D L1 control information for scheduling or triggering PDRCH to the first wireless device 103.

[0153] The second wireless device 105 receives 1644 PDRCH transmissions from the first wireless device 103 based on R2D L1 control information. The PDRCH transmissions include at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH. The channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. For example, Figure 8 The diagram illustrates that the second wireless device 105 receives 844 PDRCH transmissions from the first wireless device 103 based on R2D L1 control information. These PDRCH transmissions include at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH. The channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. The preamble, introductory code, and / or postamble can be as described above regarding... Figures 9 to 12 The aforementioned preamble, intermezzo, or postamble. D2R L1 control information or D2R data information can be as described above regarding... Figures 9 to 12 The aforementioned D2R L1 control information or D2R data information. For example... Figure 17 The UE equipment 1702 described herein can execute the method of flowchart 1600. For example... Figure 18 One or more network entities 104 described herein may execute the methods of flowchart 1600.

[0154] Figure 17Illustration 1700 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation of UE device 1702. UE device 1702 may be UE 102, a component of UE 102, or may implement UE functions. UE device 1702 may include an application processor 1706, which may have on-chip memory 1706'. In the example, application processor 1706 may be coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1708 and / or a display 1710. Application processor 1706 may also be coupled to a sensor module 1712, a power supply 1714, an additional memory module 1716, a camera 1718, and / or other related components. For example, sensor module 1712 may control a barometer / altimeter, motion sensors (such as an inertial management unit (IMU), gyroscope, accelerometer), a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device, a radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR) device, a sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) device, a magnetometer, audio devices, and / or other technologies for positioning.

[0155] The UE equipment 1702 may further include a wireless baseband processor 1726, which may be referred to as a modem. The wireless baseband processor 1726 may have on-chip memory 1726'. Together with and similarly to the application processor 1706, the wireless baseband processor 1726 may also be coupled to a sensor module 1712, a power supply 1714, an additional memory module 1716, a camera 1718, and / or other related components. The wireless baseband processor 1726 may additionally be coupled to one or more Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards 1720 and / or one or more transceivers 1730 (e.g., wireless RF transceivers).

[0156] Within one or more transceivers 1730, the UE equipment 1702 may include a Bluetooth module 1732, a WLAN module 1734, an SPS module 1736 (e.g., a GNSS module), and / or a cellular module 1738. The Bluetooth module 1732, WLAN module 1734, SPS module 1736, and cellular module 1738 may each include an on-chip transceiver (TRX), or in some cases, only a transmitter (TX) or only a receiver (RX). The Bluetooth module 1732, WLAN module 1734, SPS module 1736, and cellular module 1738 may each include a dedicated antenna and / or communicate with one or more other nodes using antenna 1740. For example, UE equipment 1702 can communicate with another UE (e.g., sidelink communication) and / or with network entity 104 (e.g., uplink / downlink communication) via transceiver 1730 and antenna 1740, wherein network entity 104 may correspond to a base station or a unit of a base station, such as RU106, DU 108 or CU 110.

[0157] The wireless baseband processor 1726 and application processor 1706 may each include computer-readable media / memory 1726' and 1706', respectively. An additional memory module 1716 may also be considered a computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1726', 1706', and 1716 may be non-transitory. The wireless baseband processor 1726 and application processor 1706 may each be responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory 1726', 1706', and 1716. When executed by the wireless baseband processor 1726 / application processor 1706, this software causes the wireless baseband processor 1726 / application processor 1706 to perform the various functions described herein. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the wireless baseband processor 1726 / application processor 1706 during software execution. The wireless baseband processor 1726 / application processor 1706 may be a component of UE 102. UE equipment 1702 may be a processor chip (e.g., a modem and / or application) and includes only the wireless baseband processor 1726 and / or the application processor 1706. In other examples, UE equipment 1702 may be the entire UE 102 and include additional modules of device 1702.

[0158] like Figure 1 The discussion and about Figure 16 In this implementation, the PDRCH configuration component 140 is configured to send configuration for the Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH) to a first wireless device; send reader-to-device (R2D) Layer 1 (L1) control information to the first wireless device for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and receive PDRCH transmissions from the first wireless device based on the R2D L1 control information. The PDRCH transmissions include at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postcode indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, which includes at least one of device-to-reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information. The PDRCH configuration component 140 may be located within application processor 1706 (e.g., at 140a), within wireless baseband processor 1726 (e.g., at 140b), or within both application processor 1706 and wireless baseband processor 1726. PDRCH configuration components 140a to 140b may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium to be implemented by one or more processors, or a combination thereof.

[0159] Figure 18Illustration 1800 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation of one or more network entities 104. The one or more network entities 104 may be a base station, a component of a base station, or may implement base station functions. The one or more network entities 104 may include or correspond to at least one of RU 106, DU 108, or CU 110. CU 110 may include a CU processor 1846, which may have on-chip memory 1846'. In some aspects, CU 110 may further include an additional memory module 1856 and / or a communication interface 1848, both of which may be coupled to the CU processor 1846. CU 110 may communicate with DU 108 via a midhaul link 162, such as an F1 interface between the communication interface 1848 of CU 110 and the communication interface 1828 of DU 108.

[0160] DU 108 may include a DU processor 1826, which may have on-chip memory 1826'. In some aspects, DU 108 may further include an additional memory module 1836 and / or a communication interface 1828, both of which may be coupled to the DU processor 1826. DU 108 may communicate with RU 106 via a frontlink 160 between DU 108's communication interface 1828 and RU 106's communication interface 1808.

[0161] RU 106 may include an RU processor 1806, which may have on-chip memory 1806'. In some aspects, RU 106 may further include an additional memory module 1816, a communication interface 1808, and one or more transceivers 1830, all of which may be coupled to the RU processor 1806. RU 106 may further include an antenna 1840, which may be coupled to one or more transceivers 1830, such that RU 106 can communicate with UE 102 via the antenna 1840 through one or more transceivers 1830.

[0162] On-chip memories 1806', 1826', 1846' and additional memory modules 1816, 1836, 1856 can each be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1806, 1826, 1846 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the corresponding processor 1806, 1826, 1846, the software causes the processor 1806, 1826, 1846 to perform the various functions described herein. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by processors 1806, 1826, 1846 during software execution. In the example, the PDRCH configuration component 150 may be located at any of one or more network entities 104, such as at CU 110; at both CU 110 and DU 108; at each of CU 110, DU 108 and RU 106; at DU 108; at both DU 108 and RU 106; or at RU 106.

[0163] like Figure 1 The discussion and about Figure 16 In practice, the PDRCH configuration component 150 is configured to send configuration for a Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH) to a first wireless device; send Reader to Device (R2D) Layer 1 (L1) control information to the first wireless device for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and receive PDRCH transmissions from the first wireless device based on the R2D L1 control information. The PDRCH transmissions include at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postcode indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, which includes at least one of device to reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information. The PDRCH configuration component 150 may be located within one or more processors of one or more network entities 104, such as an RU processor 1806 (e.g., at 150a), a DU processor 1826 (e.g., at 150b), and / or a CU processor 1846 (e.g., at 150c). PDRCH configuration components 150a to 150c may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors 1806, 1826, 1846 configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, and stored in a computer-readable medium for use by one or more processors 1806, 1826, 1846, or combinations thereof.

[0164] The specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the processes and flowcharts disclosed herein is illustrative of the exemplary methods. Therefore, the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the processes and flowcharts can be rearranged. Some boxes can also be combined or deleted. Dashed lines may indicate optional elements of the diagram. The appended method claims present the elements of each box in the exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented in the claims, processes, and flowcharts.

[0165] The detailed descriptions presented herein, in conjunction with accompanying drawings, depict various configurations, but do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. These detailed descriptions include specific details used to provide a comprehensive explanation of the various concepts. However, these concepts can be practiced without using these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0166] Various aspects of wireless communication systems (such as telecommunications systems) are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and are shown in the accompanying drawings by various boxes, components, circuits, processes, call flows, systems, algorithms, etc. (collectively, "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. Whether such an element is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0167] An element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements, can be implemented as a “processing system” including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system-on-a-chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other similar hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software, which may be referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or others. Software should be interpreted broadly as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0168] If the functions described herein are implemented in software, these functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of computer-accessible instructions or data structures. The storage medium can be any available medium that is computer-accessible.

[0169] The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, form factors, sizes, and package arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases can be generated via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-modular components, such as end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / procurement devices, medical devices, devices supporting artificial intelligence (AI), devices supporting machine learning (ML), etc. The scope of aspects, implementations, and / or use cases can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular or non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies described herein.

[0170] Apparatus incorporating the aspects and features described herein may also include additional components and features claimed and described for implementation methods and practices. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include numerous components for analog and digital purposes, such as hardware components, antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc. The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or decomposed components, end-user devices, etc., in various configurations.

[0171] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but should be interpreted in light of the full scope of this disclosure consistent with the language of the claims.

[0172] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to singular elements do not imply "one and only one," but rather "one or more." Terms such as "if," "when," and "at" do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases (e.g., "when") do not imply an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that an action will occur if a certain condition is met, without requiring a specific or immediate temporal constraint on the occurrence of the action. The terms "may," "may," and "can" as used in this disclosure generally carry certain connotations. For example, "may" refers to a permissible feature that may or may not occur, "may" refers to a feature that is likely to occur, and "can" refers to a capability (e.g., ability). The phrase "for example" generally carries a similar connotation to "may," and therefore, "may" is sometimes excluded from sentences that include "for example" or other similar phrases.

[0173] Unless otherwise expressly stated, the term "some" means one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C" or "one or more of A, B, or C" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, such as A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, and / or multiple C, or may include only A, only B, or only C. A set should be interpreted as a collection of elements having a number of one or more elements. Terms or articles such as "a," "an," and / or "the / said" may refer to one of the items, features, elements, etc., following that term or article, or may refer to more than one of the items, features, elements, etc., following that term or article. For example, the expression "a small component" does not exclude references to multiple components, because "multiple components" necessarily includes "a small component." Therefore, the expression "a small component" can be interpreted as "at least one component," or similarly, as "one or more components."

[0174] Unless otherwise explicitly indicated, ordinal terms such as “first” and “second” do not necessarily imply order in time, sequence, numerical value, etc., but are used to distinguish different instances of the term or phrase that follows each ordinal term.

[0175] As used in the specification and drawings, reference numerals are sometimes cross-referenced across drawings to indicate the same or similar features. Features that are identical in multiple drawings may be labeled with the same reference numerals in multiple drawings. Features that are similar but not identical across multiple drawings may be labeled with reference numerals that have different leading numerals but share one or more of the same trailing numerals (e.g., 206, 306, 406, etc. may refer to similar features in the drawings). Therefore, the same numerals may refer to the same action.

[0176] Structural and functional equivalents of elements of all aspects described throughout this disclosure, known or subsequently learned by those skilled in the art, are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. The terms “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” etc., may not be substitutes for the term “component.” Therefore, no claim element shall be construed as means plus function unless explicitly stated using the phrase “component for…”. As used herein, the phrase “based on” should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, unless expressly stated otherwise, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” can be information, conditions, factors, etc.) shall be construed as “at least based on A”.

[0177] The following examples are illustrative only and can be combined with other examples or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0178] Example 1 is a method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: receiving configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) from a second wireless device; receiving reader-to-device (R2D) Layer 1 (L1) control information from the second wireless device for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and transmitting a PDRCH transmission to the second wireless device based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, an intro, or a postcode indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.

[0179] Example 2 can be combined with Example 1, wherein the first wireless device includes an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device; and wherein the second wireless device includes at least one of a network entity, a base station, a transmitting and receiving point, an intermediate node, an auxiliary node, a user equipment (UE), or a reader.

[0180] Example 3 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 2, wherein sending the PDRCH transmission includes sending the D2R data information, and wherein at least one of the preamble, the intermolecular, or the postcode indicates the D2R L1 control information.

[0181] Example 4 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 2, wherein transmitting the PDRCH transmission includes transmitting the D2R L1 control information and the D2R data information; and wherein the D2R L1 control information is associated with a first transmit power and the D2R data information is associated with a second transmit power; and wherein the D2R L1 control information is associated with a first modulation scheme and the D2R data information is associated with a second modulation scheme.

[0182] Example 5 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 2, wherein sending the PDRCH transmission includes sending the D2R data information, and wherein the D2R data information includes the D2R L1 control information.

[0183] Example 6 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 2, wherein sending the PDRCH transmission includes: sending a first portion of the D2RL1 control information; sending the D2R data information after sending the first portion of the D2RL1 control information; and sending a second portion of the D2R L1 control information after sending the D2R data information.

[0184] Example 7 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 2, wherein sending the PDRCH transmission includes sending the D2R L1 control information.

[0185] Example 8 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 2, 4 and 6, wherein sending the PDRCH transmission includes sending a first preamble indicating the start of the D2R L1 control information and a second preamble indicating the start of the D2R data information.

[0186] Example 9 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 6, wherein sending the PDRCH transmission includes sending the preamble, the intermezzal, and the postcode; and wherein the preamble indicates the start of the D2R data information, the intermezzal indicates the middle of the D2R data information, and the postcode indicates the end of the D2R data information.

[0187] Example 10 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 2, 4 and 6, wherein sending the PDRCH transmission includes sending a first preamble, the postamble, and at least one of the intro or the second preamble; and wherein the first preamble indicates the start of the D2R L1 control information, the postamble indicates the end of the D2R data information, and the at least one of the intro or the second preamble indicates the start of the D2R data information.

[0188] Example 11 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 2, 4 and 6 to 7, wherein sending the PDRCH transmission includes sending the preamble and the postamble; and wherein the preamble indicates the start of the D2R L1 control information or is used as the D2R L1 control information, and wherein the postamble indicates the end of the D2R L1 control information.

[0189] Example 12 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 6, wherein when the D2R data information has a first length greater than or equal to the threshold length, the PDRCH is modulated according to the first modulation scheme; and wherein when the D2R data information has a second length less than the threshold length, the PDRCH is modulated according to the second modulation scheme.

[0190] Example 13 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 2, 4, 6 to 8 and 10 to 11, wherein the D2R L1 control information indicates at least one of a negative acknowledgment (NACK) or an acknowledgment (ACK) of the physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) transmission.

[0191] Example 14 may be combined with any of Examples 1 to 13, and further includes: transmitting capability information to the second wireless device, the capability information indicating at least one of the channel structure supported by the PDRCH, the modulation scheme supported by the PDRCH, the waveform supported by the PDRCH, the line coding supported by the PDRCH, or the D2R power control scheme supported by the PDRCH.

[0192] Example 15 can be combined with any of Examples 1 to 14, wherein the configuration indicates at least one of the absolute power, absolute increment value, or cumulative increment value of at least one of the reflection factor or amplification factor; and wherein the PDRCH transmission is based on at least one of the absolute power, the absolute increment value, or the cumulative increment value.

[0193] Example 16 may be combined with any of Examples 1 to 15, and further includes: performing a path loss measurement on the R2D L1 control information; and determining at least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor based on the path loss measurement, wherein the transmission of the PDRCH is based on the at least one of the reflection factor or the amplification factor.

[0194] Example 17 may be combined with any of Examples 1 to 16, and further includes: detecting at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D middle preamble, or an R2D postamble indicating the channel structure of the physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH), wherein receiving the R2D L1 control information includes receiving the R2D L1 control information via the channel structure of the PRDCH.

[0195] Example 18 is a method for wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising: sending configuration for a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) to a first wireless device; sending reader-to-device (R2D) Layer 1 (L1) control information to the first wireless device for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH; and receiving a PDRCH transmission from the first wireless device based on the R2D L1 control information, the PDRCH transmission including at least one of a preamble, an intro, or a postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH, the channel structure of the PDRCH including at least one of device-to-reader (D2R) L1 control information or D2R data information.

[0196] Example 19 can be combined with Example 18, wherein the first wireless device includes an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device; and wherein the second wireless device includes at least one of a network entity, a base station, a transmitting and receiving point, an intermediate node, an auxiliary node, a user equipment (UE), or a reader.

[0197] Example 20 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 19, wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the D2R data information, and wherein at least one of the preamble, the intermolecular, or the postcode indicates the D2R L1 control information.

[0198] Example 21 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 19, wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the D2RL1 control information and the D2R data information, wherein the D2RL1 control information is associated with a first transmit power and the D2R data information is associated with a second transmit power, and wherein the D2RL1 control information is associated with a first modulation scheme and the D2R data information is associated with a second modulation scheme.

[0199] Example 22 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 19, wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the D2R data information, and wherein the D2R data information includes the D2R L1 control information.

[0200] Example 23 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 19, wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission includes: receiving a first portion of the D2R L1 control information; receiving the D2R data information after receiving the first portion of the D2R L1 control information; and receiving a second portion of the D2R L1 control information after receiving the D2R data information.

[0201] Example 24 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 19, wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the D2RL1 control information.

[0202] Example 25 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 19, 21 and 23, wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving a first preamble indicating the start of the D2R L1 control information and a second preamble indicating the start of the D2R data information.

[0203] Example 26 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 23, wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the preamble, the intermezzo, and the postcode, wherein the preamble indicates the start of the D2R data information, the intermezzo indicates the middle of the D2R data information, and the postcode indicates the end of the D2R data information.

[0204] Example 27 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 19, 21 and 23, wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving at least one of a first preamble, the postamble, and an intermediate or second preamble, wherein the first preamble indicates the start of the D2R L1 control information, the postamble indicates the end of the D2R data information, and the at least one of the intermediate or second preamble indicates the start of the D2R data information.

[0205] Example 28 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 19, 21 and 23 to 24, wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission includes receiving the preamble and the postamble, wherein the preamble indicates the start of the D2R L1 control information or is used as the D2R L1 control information, and wherein the postamble indicates the end of the D2R L1 control information.

[0206] Example 29 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 23, wherein when the D2R data information has a first length greater than or equal to the threshold length, the PDRCH is modulated according to a first modulation scheme, and wherein when the D2R data information has a second length less than the threshold length, the PDRCH is modulated according to a second modulation scheme.

[0207] Example 30 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 19, 21, 23 to 25 and 27 to 28, wherein the D2R L1 control information indicates at least one of a negative acknowledgment (NACK) or an acknowledgment (ACK) of the physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) transmission.

[0208] Example 31 may be combined with any of Examples 18 to 30, and further includes: receiving capability information from the first wireless device, the capability information indicating at least one of the channel structure supported by the PDRCH, the modulation scheme supported by the PDRCH, the waveform supported by the PDRCH, the line coding supported by the PDRCH, or the D2R power control scheme supported by the PDRCH.

[0209] Example 32 can be combined with any of Examples 18 to 31, wherein the configuration indicates at least one of the absolute power, absolute increment value, or cumulative increment value of at least one of the reflection factor or amplification factor; and wherein receiving the PDRCH transmission is based on at least one of the absolute power, the absolute increment value, or the cumulative increment value.

[0210] Example 33 may be combined with any of Examples 18 to 32, and further includes: sending at least one of an R2D preamble, an R2D middle preamble, or an R2D postamble indicating the channel structure of the physical reader to the device channel (PRDCH), wherein sending the R2D L1 control information includes sending the R2D L1 control information via the channel structure of the PRDCH.

[0211] Example 34 is an apparatus for wireless communication, including a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver, the apparatus being configured to implement the method described in any of Examples 1 to 33.

[0212] Example 35 is an apparatus for wireless communication, including components for implementing the method described in any of Examples 1 to 33.

[0213] Example 36 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the method as described in any one of Examples 1 to 33.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device (103), comprising: Receive (834) configuration for physical device to reader channel PDRCH (958) from the second wireless device (105); Receive (840) reader-to-device R2D layer 1 L1 control information from the second wireless device (105) for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH (958); Based on the R2D L1 control information, a PDRCH transmission (844) is sent to the second wireless device (105). The PDRCH transmission includes at least one of a preamble, introductory code, or postamble indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH. The channel structure of the PDRCH includes at least one of device-to-reader D2R L1 control information or D2R data information.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless device (103) comprises an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device; and The second wireless device (105) includes at least one of a network entity, a base station (104), a transmitting and receiving point, an intermediate node (522), an auxiliary node, a user equipment (UE) (102), or a reader / writer.

3. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein sending (844) the PDRCH transmission includes sending the D2R data information (954), and wherein at least one of the preamble (950a), the intermolecular code (1062) or the postcode (956) indicates the D2R L1 control information (952).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein sending (844) the PDRCH transmission includes sending the D2R L1 control information (952) and the D2R data information (954); and The D2R L1 control information (952) is associated with a first transmit power, and the D2R data information (954) is associated with a second transmit power. The D2R L1 control information (952) is associated with a first modulation scheme, and the D2R data information (954) is associated with a second modulation scheme.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein sending (844) the PDRCH transmission includes sending the D2R data information (954), and wherein the D2R data information (954) includes the D2R L1 control information (952).

6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein sending (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises: Send the first part (1152a) of the D2R L1 control information; After sending the first part (1152a) of the D2R L1 control information, the D2R data information (954) is sent; and After sending the D2R data information (954), the second part (1152b) of the D2R L1 control information is sent.

7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein sending (844) the PDRCH transmission includes sending the D2R L1 control information (952).

8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, 4 and 6, wherein sending (844) the PDRCH transmission includes sending a first preamble (950a) indicating the start of the D2R L1 control information (952) and a second preamble (950b) indicating the start of the D2R data information (954).

9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting the preamble (950a), the intermembrane (1062), and the postcode (956); and The preamble (950a) indicates the beginning of the D2R data information (954), the middle preamble (1062) indicates the middle of the D2R data information (954), and the postamble (956) indicates the end of the D2R data information (954).

10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, 4 and 6, wherein transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting a first preamble (950a), the postamble (956), and at least one of the following: the mid-preamble (1062) or a second preamble (950b); and The first preamble (950a) indicates the start of the D2R L1 control information (952), the postamble (956) indicates the end of the D2R data information (954), and at least one of the middle preamble (1062) or the second preamble (950b) indicates the start of the D2R data information (954).

11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, 4, and 6 to 7, wherein transmitting (844) the PDRCH transmission comprises transmitting the preamble (950a) and the postamble (956); and The preamble (950a) indicates the start of the D2R L1 control information (952) or is used as the D2R L1 control information, and the postamble (956) indicates the end of the D2R L1 control information (952).

12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the D2R data information (954) has a first length greater than or equal to a threshold length, the PDRCH (958) is modulated according to a first modulation scheme; and When the D2R data information (954) has a second length that is less than the threshold length, the PDRCH (958) is modulated according to the second modulation scheme.

13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, 4, 6 to 8 and 10 to 11, wherein the D2R L1 control information (952) indicates at least one of a negative acknowledgment (NACK) or an acknowledgment (ACK) for a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) transmission.

14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising: Send (832) capability information to the second wireless device (105), the capability information indicating at least one of the channel structure supported by the PDRCH (958), the modulation scheme supported by the PDRCH (958), the waveform supported by the PDRCH (958), the line coding supported by the PDRCH, or the D2R power control scheme supported by the PDRCH.

15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the configuration indicates at least one of the absolute power, absolute increment value, or cumulative increment value of at least one of the reflection factor or amplification factor; and The PDRCH transmission (844) is based on at least one of the absolute power, the absolute increment value, or the cumulative increment value.

16. The method of any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising: Perform (842) path loss measurement on the R2D L1 control information; as well as (843) At least one of a reflection factor or an amplification factor is determined based on the path loss measurement, wherein the transmission of the PDRCH (844) is based on the reflection factor or the amplification factor.

17. The method of any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising: The detection (836) indicates at least one of the R2D preamble, R2D middle preamble, or R2D postamble of the channel structure from the physical reader to the device channel PRDCH, wherein receiving the R2D L1 control information includes receiving the R2D L1 control information via the channel structure of the PRDCH.

18. A method for wireless communication at a second wireless device (105), comprising: Send (834) to the first wireless device (103) for configuration of the physical device to the reader channel PDRCH (958); Send (840) to the first wireless device (103) reader-to-device L1 control information for scheduling or triggering the PDRCH (958); Based on the R2D L1 control information, a PDRCH transmission is received (844) from the first wireless device (103). The PDRCH transmission includes at least one of a preamble (950a), a middle preamble (1062), or a postamble (956) indicating the channel structure of the PDRCH (958). The channel structure of the PDRCH (958) includes at least one of device-to-reader D2R L1 control information (952) or D2R data information (954).

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first wireless device (103) comprises an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device; and The second wireless device (105) includes at least one of a network entity, a base station (104), a transmitting and receiving point, an intermediate node (522), an auxiliary node, a user equipment (UE) (102), or a reader / writer.

20. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver, the apparatus being configured to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19.

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