Solar seawater desalination device and seawater desalination system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solar seawater desalination device and a seawater desalination system, and belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination. In view of the problems of high energy consumption and high cost of the existing seawater desalination equipment, the solar seawater desalination device and the seawater desalination system disclosed by the utility model comprise a seawater channel, an evaporation mechanism communicated with the seawater channel is arranged above the seawater channel, and the evaporation mechanism is connected into an evaporation space; one end of the evaporation space is connected with the condensation channel, and the other end is connected into the collection pool; and the condensation channel is arranged on the lower layer of the seawater channel. Seawater is absorbed to the upper part through the capillary layer of the evaporation mechanism to be in contact with the photo-thermal material, the photo-thermal material is irradiated by the sun to generate heat, the seawater is evaporated, and water vapor is condensed into fresh water when encountering a wall surface with lower temperature, so that solar seawater desalination is realized, and meanwhile, too much energy is not required to be supplied, so that the energy consumption cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, and more specifically to a solar seawater desalination device and a seawater desalination system. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, almost all the water on the earth is stored in the ocean. Relying on the evaporation of solar energy, the seawater is transformed into gaseous clouds and transported to the land. Finally, it falls to the ground in the form of rain and snow, becoming surface water in rivers and lakes and groundwater that infiltrates underground. At present, the problem of insufficient fresh water resources in the world has appeared in more and more countries, and has also attracted the attention of various countries. At the same time, with the rapid economic development of coastal areas, the demand for fresh water has also increased rapidly, and the existing fresh water supply capacity cannot meet its rapid development needs, and there is a large gap in fresh water supply.

[0003] Due to the influence of various natural factors, the distribution of freshwater resources on the earth is very uneven in time and space. Water shortages and floods occur in different regions and at different times in the same region. Especially in coastal areas, freshwater resources are mostly scarce. How to implement seawater desalination has been one of the hot topics of long-term research. As an open source incremental technology for water resources, seawater desalination has become one of the most important methods to solve the shortage of water resources in the world. Desalinated water is clean, high-purity and has a stable supply. It is a safe and reliable high-quality water source.

[0004] Evaporation is one of the most studied desalination methods. It is very attractive in coastal areas with rich thermal energy resources. In particular, the new flash evaporation technology can realize the economical desalination process by comprehensively utilizing waste heat and low-grade thermal energy in thermal energy resources. Generally, the water production cost can reach the level of surface water. However, if fresh steam is used, the economical cost is still questionable, and the cost will be 8-10 yuan / ton of water. Reverse osmosis technology is a seawater desalination technology that is widely used in industrialization. Its water production cost can be as low as 5-8 yuan / ton of water. However, the equipment investment is relatively large, and it is used in places where fresh water resources are very scarce.

[0005] At present, the mainstream seawater desalination technologies include thermal distillation technologies such as multi-stage flash evaporation and multi-effect distillation, and membrane separation technologies based on reverse osmosis. These methods require a large amount of energy to provide heat and pressure, etc., and have problems of high energy consumption and high cost. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Technical problems to be solved by the utility model

[0007] In view of the problem that existing seawater desalination equipment consumes large amounts of energy and has high costs, the utility model provides a solar seawater desalination device and a seawater desalination system, which utilize solar energy to desalinate seawater and reduce costs.

[0008] 2. Technical solution

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution provided by the utility model is:

[0010] The utility model discloses a solar seawater desalination device, comprising a seawater channel, an evaporation mechanism connected to the seawater channel is arranged above the seawater channel, the evaporation mechanism is connected to an evaporation space, one end of the evaporation space is connected to a condensation channel, and the other end is connected to a collection pool; the condensation channel is arranged in the lower layer of the seawater channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the evaporation mechanism is a capillary layer, and a photothermal material is arranged on the upper part of the capillary layer.

[0012] Furthermore, a light-transmitting film is arranged on the top of the evaporation space; the light-transmitting film is arranged in double layers, and air is inflated between the two layers of the light-transmitting film.

[0013] Furthermore, the seawater channel is arranged obliquely, and its inlet end is higher than the outlet end.

[0014] Furthermore, the evaporation mechanism and the condensation channel are both arranged in parallel with the seawater channel and are in close contact with the seawater channel, and the condensation channel is not connected with the seawater channel.

[0015] Furthermore, the condensation channel is connected to the collection tank through a first fresh water pipeline, and the evaporation space is connected to the collection tank through a second fresh water pipeline.

[0016] Furthermore, except for the wall surface in contact with the seawater channel, all other wall surfaces of the condensation channel are provided with heat-insulating materials.

[0017] Furthermore, the seawater channel inlet is connected to a water tank, seawater is introduced into the water tank, and a float valve is arranged in the water tank.

[0018] Furthermore, the outlet of the seawater channel is provided with a drainage pipe, on which a drainage valve is arranged.

[0019] Furthermore, a bracket is arranged below the condensation channel, and a plurality of moving wheels are arranged on the bracket.

[0020] The utility model provides a seawater desalination system, which comprises a plurality of the above-mentioned solar seawater desalination devices.

[0021] 3. Beneficial effects

[0022] Compared with the existing known technologies, the technical solution provided by the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) In view of the high energy consumption and high cost of existing seawater desalination equipment, the utility model provides a solar seawater desalination device, which absorbs seawater to the upper part through the capillary layer of the evaporation mechanism to contact the photothermal material. The photothermal material is heated by sunlight to evaporate the seawater. When the water vapor encounters the wall surface with a lower temperature, it condenses into fresh water, thereby realizing solar seawater desalination. At the same time, there is no need to supply too much energy, thereby reducing energy consumption costs.

[0024] (2) A solar desalination device of the utility model has a double-layer light-transmitting film on the top of the evaporation space, which can not only allow sunlight to directly irradiate the photothermal material, but also reduce heat loss. Air is also filled between the double-layer light-transmitting films to further avoid heat loss.

[0025] (3) The utility model is a solar desalination device that uses a capillary layer to adsorb seawater to the photothermal material. The capillary layer can not only adsorb water to the upper surface for evaporation through capillary action, but also reduce the loss of most heat diffusing into the water body. At the same time, it is also a carrier or support structure for the surface photothermal material.

[0026] (4) A solar desalination device of the utility model has a seawater channel that is tilted, and uses gravity to carry away the seawater with a higher salt concentration in the lower part, thereby reducing the increase in salinity and preventing the occurrence of salt crystals. The utility model also introduces water vapor into the condensation channel, and uses the low temperature of seawater to accelerate the condensation speed of water vapor, thereby improving the desalination efficiency of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seawater desalination device of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a module schematic diagram of a seawater desalination system formed by connecting multiple seawater desalination devices of the utility model.

[0029] Explanation of the symbols in the schematic diagram:

[0030] 1. Water tank; 2. Float valve; 3. Light-transmitting film; 4. Evaporation space; 5. Evaporation mechanism; 6. Seawater channel; 7. Condensation channel; 8. Collection tank; 9. Bracket; 10. Moving wheel; 11. Water inlet pipe; 12. Condensation pipe; 13. First fresh water pipe; 14. Second fresh water pipe; 15. Drain pipe; 16. Drain valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to further understand the content of the utility model, the utility model is described in detail in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0032] Example

[0033] Combination Figure 1A solar desalination device of this embodiment includes a seawater channel 6, the upper part of the seawater channel 6 is an open opening, and an evaporation mechanism 5 is arranged in the open opening, so that the evaporation mechanism 5 is connected to the seawater channel 6. An evaporation space 4 is arranged on the upper part of the evaporation mechanism 5, and the evaporation space 4 is connected to the evaporation mechanism 5, so that the evaporation space 4 is connected to the seawater channel 6, but due to the existence of the evaporation mechanism 5, the seawater flowing in the seawater channel 6 cannot enter the evaporation space 4.

[0034] In this embodiment, the evaporation mechanism 5 is composed of a capillary layer and a photothermal material. The photothermal material is arranged on the upper part of the capillary layer, and the lower part is in contact with the seawater in the seawater channel 6. The seawater is adsorbed to the upper part to contact the photothermal material through capillary action. The photothermal material generates heat under the irradiation of sunlight, and evaporates the seawater into water vapor, and the water vapor enters the evaporation space 4. In this embodiment, the capillary layer is used to adsorb seawater to the photothermal material. The capillary layer can not only adsorb water to the upper surface for evaporation through capillary action, but also reduce the loss of most heat diffusion to the water body. At the same time, it is also a carrier or supporting structure of the surface photothermal material.

[0035] In this embodiment, the seawater channel 6 is arranged at an angle, and its inlet end is higher than the outlet end. The evaporation space 4 and the evaporation mechanism 5 are arranged in parallel with the seawater channel 6. The evaporation space 4 includes two outlets, which are respectively arranged at both ends of the evaporation space 4. One outlet is arranged at the lower end of the evaporation space 4 and is directly connected to the collection tank 8 through the second fresh water pipeline 14. The other outlet is arranged at the higher end of the evaporation space 4 and is connected to the condensation channel 7 through the condensation pipeline 12. The condensation channel 7 is also arranged in parallel with the seawater channel 6 and is arranged at the lower layer of the seawater channel 6.

[0036] In this embodiment, the upper side of the evaporation space 4 is open, and a light-transmitting film 3 is arranged at the opening, and the light-transmitting film 3 completely closes the open mouth of the evaporation space 4. The light-transmitting film 3 is provided with a double layer, and air is inflated between the two layers of the light-transmitting film 3. In this embodiment, a double layer of light-transmitting film 3 is arranged on the top of the evaporation space 4, which can not only allow sunlight to directly irradiate on the photothermal material, but also reduce heat loss. Air is also filled between the double layers of the light-transmitting film 3, which further avoids the loss of heat. The light-transmitting film 3 of this embodiment is selected from ETFE film, and the high light transmittance of ETFE film can better avoid affecting the absorption of solar radiation by the photothermal material.

[0037] In this embodiment, the condensation channel 7 is connected to the collection tank 8 through the first fresh water pipe 13, and the walls of the condensation channel 7 are provided with insulation materials except for the wall surface in contact with the seawater channel 6. The inlet of the seawater channel 6 of this embodiment is connected to the water tank 1 through the water inlet pipe 11, and seawater is introduced into the water tank 1. A float valve 2 is arranged in the water tank 1. A drainage pipe 15 is arranged at the outlet of the seawater channel 6, and a drainage valve 16 is arranged on it to control the flow of seawater. A bracket 9 is arranged below the condensation channel 7, and a number of moving wheels 10 are arranged on the bracket 9 to facilitate the movement of the device. In this embodiment, the seawater channel 6 is arranged at an angle, and gravity is used to take away the seawater with a higher salt concentration in the lower part, thereby reducing the increase in salinity and preventing the occurrence of salt crystallization. In this embodiment, water vapor is also introduced into the condensation channel 7, and the low temperature of seawater is used to accelerate the condensation speed of water vapor and improve the desalination efficiency of the device.

[0038] In this embodiment, the evaporation mechanism 5 is driven by solar energy, and the capillary layer absorbs seawater through capillary action. The photothermal material on the top absorbs solar radiation to increase the surface temperature, thereby realizing the evaporation of seawater. Part of the evaporated water vapor encounters the top and surrounding walls of the evaporation space 4 and condenses, and flows out through the second fresh water pipe 14, and the other part enters the condensation channel 7 and exchanges heat with the seawater channel 6 to achieve condensation. The seawater is replenished by the water tank 1, and the high-concentration seawater is taken away by gravity flow. The energy used for evaporation in this embodiment comes entirely from solar energy, which achieves environmental protection and energy saving. The good thermal insulation of the capillary layer is utilized to reduce the loss of most of the heat diffusion to the water body. The photothermal material on the top can realize the absorption of a wider frequency of solar radiation, concentrate the heat at the interface, and is conducive to the evaporation of seawater. The top adopts a double-layer ETFE film, which has good light transmittance and can be inflated internally to reduce the loss of heat exchange from the device to the environment. The water vapor condenses slowly in the evaporation space 4, and can achieve rapid condensation and preheat the seawater through heat exchange with the seawater channel 6.

[0039] Combination Figure 2 The solar desalination device of this embodiment can also be connected in parallel to form a desalination system. Multiple devices are connected in parallel to a large seawater supply tank, and the condensed water finally obtained is collected after confluence, thereby achieving scale expansion.

[0040] The above schematically describes the present invention and its implementation methods, which are not restrictive. The drawings show only one implementation method of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if ordinary technicians in this field are inspired by it and design structural methods and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar desalination device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a seawater channel (6), an evaporation mechanism (5) connected to the seawater channel (6) is arranged above the seawater channel (6), the evaporation mechanism (5) is connected to an evaporation space (4), one end of the evaporation space (4) is connected to a condensation channel (7), and the other end is connected to a collection pool (8); the condensation channel (7) is arranged at the lower layer of the seawater channel (6).

2. A solar seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporation mechanism (5) is a capillary layer, and a photothermal material is arranged on the upper part of the capillary layer.

3. A solar seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A light-transmitting film (3) is arranged on the top of the evaporation space (4); the light-transmitting film (3) is arranged in double layers, and air is inflated between the two layers of light-transmitting film (3).

4. A solar seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seawater channel (6) is arranged obliquely, and its inlet end is higher than its outlet end.

5. A solar seawater desalination device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The evaporation mechanism (5) and the condensation channel (7) are both arranged in parallel with the seawater channel (6) and are closely attached to the seawater channel (6), and the condensation channel (7) is not connected to the seawater channel (6).

6. A solar seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condensation channel (7) is connected to the collection tank (8) via a first fresh water pipeline (13), and the evaporation space (4) is connected to the collection tank (8) via a second fresh water pipeline (14).

7. A solar seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Except for the wall surface of the condensation channel (7) in contact with the seawater channel (6), other wall surfaces are provided with heat-insulating materials.

8. A solar seawater desalination device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inlet of the seawater channel (6) is connected to the water tank (1), seawater is introduced into the water tank (1), and a float valve (2) is arranged in the water tank (1); the outlet of the seawater channel (6) is provided with a drainage pipe (15), on which a drainage valve (16) is arranged.

9. A solar seawater desalination device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: A bracket (9) is arranged below the condensation channel (7), and a plurality of moving wheels (10) are arranged on the bracket (9).

10. A seawater desalination system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of solar seawater desalination devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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