Emergency breathing filtering device

Abstract

The utility model discloses an emergency breathing filtering device which comprises a filtering block and filtering cylinders, the number of the filtering cylinders is three, the filtering cylinders are installed on the filtering block in series, bosses are arranged in the filtering cylinders, metal elastic pieces are arranged on the bosses, filtering elements are arranged in the three filtering cylinders respectively, the lower ends of the filtering elements abut against the metal elastic pieces, and the lower ends of the filtering elements abut against the metal elastic pieces. The upper ends of the filter elements are inserted into the filter block and are communicated with an internal channel of the filter block, the filter elements comprise a primary filter element, a secondary filter element and a final filter element, a discharge cavity is formed in the bottom of the filter cartridge, an automatic discharger is arranged in the discharge cavity, an inlet is formed in the left end of the filter cartridge, and an outlet is formed in the right end of the filter cartridge. The filter element consists of an upper end cover, a filter layer, an inner framework and a lower end cover, and the filter layer is folded to form a crescent structure; solid particles, oil, moisture and generated peculiar smell in the compressed air for breathing are filtered out, dirty oil and steam are collected and treated in a centralized mode, and harm to personnel caused by pollutants and the like in the compressed air is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of respiratory filtration, in particular to an emergency respiratory filtration device. Background Art

[0002] Compressed air that meets the breathing requirements of the human body is an important standing material for submarines. Since compressed air is produced by mechanical compression of natural air, various mechanical debris and mechanical lubricating oil mist may be mixed into the airflow during the compression process. Therefore, no matter how pure the air source is, it will cause a certain degree of pollution after being processed by the compressor; and the pollutants originally existing in the air (water vapor, particulate matter, harmful gases) are concentrated to a certain extent after compression, and water vapor is reduced to water droplets due to oversaturation and mixed in; if the above-mentioned substances are not removed or reduced, they will enter the lungs with the human body's breathing, causing physical discomfort. In severe cases, they will cause respiratory and lung diseases, and even endanger human life.

[0003] Another method is to use chemical reactions of agents to generate oxygen to provide breathing for crew members, so as to enhance the ship's ability to resist disasters and self-rescue. Emergency breathing equipment using chemical oxygenation technology has the following technical problems: (1) Chemical oxygenation is often an exothermic reaction. People wearing emergency breathing equipment are prone to burns, the inhaled air temperature is higher and drier than the normal atmospheric temperature, and oxygen-producing chemical agent powder is easily brought in by the breathing airflow, causing breathing discomfort to people and posing certain safety risks to people's breathing. (2) The capacity of chemical oxygenation agents loaded in emergency breathing equipment is limited, and the use time is generally no more than 30 minutes, and it cannot be used continuously for a long time. (3) Emergency breathing equipment is generally individual protective equipment for single use and cannot be used for collective breathing protection of groups of people. In response to the above problems, an emergency breathing filter device is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the existing defects and provide an emergency breathing filter device to filter out solid particles, oil, moisture and odor in compressed air for breathing, and to centrally collect and treat dirty oil and water vapor to avoid harm to personnel caused by pollutants in the compressed air, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: an emergency breathing filter device, comprising a filter block and a filter cartridge, three filter cartridges are provided, and the filter cartridges are installed in series on the filter block, a boss is provided inside the filter cartridge, a metal spring is provided on the boss, a filter element is provided inside the three filter cartridges respectively, the lower end of the filter element abuts against the metal spring, the upper end of the filter element is inserted into the filter block and communicated with the internal channel of the filter block, the filter elements are respectively provided as a primary filter element, a secondary filter element and a final filter element, a discharge chamber is provided at the bottom of the filter cartridge, an automatic discharger is provided in the discharge chamber, the left end of the filter cartridge is provided as an inlet, and the right end of the filter cartridge is provided as an outlet.

[0006] Furthermore, the filter element is composed of an upper end cover, a filter layer, an inner frame and a lower end cover, and the filter layer is folded into a crescent-shaped structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the filter layer 1 of the primary filter element is composed of a filter screen and filter paper, the filter layer 2 of the secondary filter element is composed of a pre-filtration layer, a coalescing layer 1, a coalescing layer 2 and a drainage layer, and the filter layer 3 of the final filter element is an activated carbon fiber felt layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the filtering method of the primary filter element and the secondary filter element is from outside to inside, and the filtering method of the final filter element is from inside to outside.

[0009] Furthermore, a visual differential pressure signal device is installed on the filter block, and the dial of the visual differential pressure signal device is divided into three color areas: green, yellow and red.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0011] 1. Compressed air is used as the crew's breathing material. A three-stage filtration structure is used in series. The compressed air is provided to the crew for breathing after being decompressed, filtered and purified. It has no by-products and is similar to the natural air that the crew breathes. The crew can breathe comfortably and safely.

[0012] 2. Compressed air source is used to provide breathing. The breathing material capacity is large and the use time is long. It can provide continuous breathing air supply for more than ten hours or more. It can be used for concentrated breathing by crew members. It has a long service life and flexible use methods to meet the needs of various purposes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the filtration process structure of the utility model;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the filter element structure of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pleated structure of the filter element of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the filtering principle of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a filter layer of a primary filter element of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second filter layer of the secondary filter element of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the filter layer three of the final filter element of the utility model.

[0021] In the figure: 1 primary filter element, 2 secondary filter element, 3 metal spring, 4 automatic discharger, 5 discharge chamber, 6 boss, 7 final filter element, 8 filter cartridge, 9 outlet, 10 filter block, 11 visual pressure difference signal device, 12 inlet, 13 upper end cover, 14 filter layer, 141 filter layer one, 142 filter layer two, 143 filter layer three, 15 inner frame, 16 lower end cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0023] See also Figure 1-8The utility model provides a technical solution: an emergency breathing filter device, including a filter block 10 and a filter cartridge 8, three filter cartridges 8 are provided, and the filter cartridges 8 are installed in series on the filter block 10, a boss 6 is provided inside the filter cartridge 8, a metal spring 3 is provided on the boss 6, and a filter element is provided inside the three filter cartridges 8 respectively, and the lower end of the filter element abuts against the metal spring 3, the metal spring 3 is made of stainless steel or spring steel, and the metal spring 3 provides elastic force for the lower end of the filter element to ensure the stability and functionality of the filter element, the upper end of the filter element is inserted into the filter block 10, and is connected with the internal channel of the filter block 10, the filter elements are respectively provided as a primary filter element 1, a secondary filter element 2 and a final filter element 7, the filter elements mainly filter out solid particles, oil, moisture and odor in the compressed air for breathing, and collect and process the dirty oil and water vapor in a centralized manner to avoid the pollution in the compressed air. Pollutants, etc. may cause harm to personnel. A discharge chamber 5 is provided at the bottom of the filter cartridge 8, and an automatic discharger 4 is provided in the discharge chamber 5. The automatic discharger 4 is installed at the sewage outlet of the discharge chamber 5 of the filter. The working principle of the automatic discharger 4 is that the oil and water separated by the filter element are collected in the discharge chamber 5 at the bottom of the filter cartridge 8 under the action of gravity. The accumulated oil and water in the discharge chamber 5 are increasing. After reaching a certain water level, the buoyancy is greater than the air pressure, the float floats up, the drain outlet of the automatic discharger 4 is opened, and the water is discharged under the action of air pressure. When the buoyancy decreases, the float drops and blocks the drain outlet. The automatic discharger 4 is generally composed of a valve seat, a valve body, a float, a valve, a spring, a sealing ring, a discharge outlet and other components. The automatic discharger 4 is a purchased part and is an existing commonly used accessory. It will not be described in detail here. The left end of the filter cartridge 8 is set as an inlet 12, and the right end of the filter cartridge 8 is set as an outlet 9.

[0024] The filter element is composed of an upper end cover 13, a filter layer 14, an inner frame 15 and a lower end cover 16. The composition structure of the filter element is a conventional structure. The upper end cover 13, the filter layer 14, the inner frame 15 and the lower end cover 16 are bonded by glue to ensure the structural integrity and service strength of the filter element. The bonded filter element assembly can be installed with the filter block 10 through a rubber ring seal, and finally the filter element is pressed by the filter cartridge 8 to ensure the sealing of the entire filtration process. The filter layer 14 is pleated into a crescent-shaped structure.

[0025] The tooth-shaped pleat form has a low breakage rate, and within a limited envelope space, the crescent-shaped structure can effectively increase the filtration area and improve service life.

[0026] The wave height, wave distance and indentation shape of each wave in the pleating process will affect the overall performance of the filter element. The traditional pleating process leads to a high damage rate, and the most obvious impact is the flow resistance, dirt holding capacity and the filter layer's resistance to damage. In response to the above situation, the new pleating process invented in this scheme reduces the damage rate and improves the overall performance of the filter element.

[0027] The filter layer 141 of the primary filter element 1 is composed of a filter screen and filter paper. The filtering principle of the primary filter element 1 is physical interception and Brownian diffusion. The so-called physical interception is to screen the size of the particles in the medium through the filter screen and the filter paper material with a certain filtering accuracy, and retain the large particles in the composite material; the so-called Brownian diffusion refers to the irregular movement of particles suspended in the gas. The movement of the particles constantly changes direction, causing the particles to move irregularly and collide with obstacles, be hooked and stuck, and be filtered out. The filter layer 2 142 of the secondary filter element 2 is composed of a pre-filter layer, a coalescing layer 1, a coalescing layer 2 and a drainage layer The composition is as follows: tiny droplets are successively captured by the fibers of the coalescence layer one and the coalescence layer two, and the small droplets are continuously gathered on the coalescence material fibers, and move to the outside of the coalescence material layer under the impetus of the airflow, and the above process is repeated until they grow into large droplets. The outermost layer of the secondary filter element 2 is the drainage layer. When the droplets reach the outermost layer, the grown large droplets settle quickly and are separated from the gas phase by their own gravity. The filter layer three 143 of the final filter element 7 is an activated carbon fiber felt layer. The gas is infiltrated by the activated carbon fiber, and odorous gases such as hydrocarbons and VOCs are adsorbed to achieve high-quality air that is completely oil-free and odorless.

[0028] The filtering method of the primary filter element 1 and the secondary filter element 2 is from outside to inside, and the filtering method of the final filter element 7 is from inside to outside.

[0029] A visual differential pressure signaler 11 is installed on the filter block 10. The dial of the visual differential pressure signaler 11 is divided into three color areas: green, yellow and red. The three-color differential pressure gauge is used to display the current differential pressure saturation of the filter element, providing a visual warning to the user of the filter element usage status.

[0030] Filtration principle: Compressed air first enters the primary filter element 1 through the inlet 12, and uses physical interception and Brownian diffusion principles to intercept and filter solid particles of about 2.5um and large oil mist and oil-water. Oil mist, oil-water and solid particles are intercepted on the filter material and collected at the bottom of the filter cartridge 8. When a certain amount is reached, the oil, water, particulate matter and other impurities are discharged through the bottom automatic discharger 4; then the gas enters the secondary filter element 2, and water and oil are removed efficiently. The atomized water and oil are condensed into large particles through the coalescence separation principle, and are collected at the bottom of the filter cartridge 8 by gravity. When a certain amount is reached, the gas is discharged through the bottom automatic discharger 4. 4 realizes the discharge of oil and water; finally, the compressed air with solid particles, oil and water removed enters the final filter element 7, the gas is infiltrated by activated carbon fiber, hydrocarbons, VOC and other odorous gases are adsorbed, and high-quality air is achieved that is completely oil-free and odorless; the filtered air pollutants, including solid particles, oil, water, etc., are discharged through the automatic discharger 4 and collected to the designated discharge port. When the filter element is close to saturation, such as when the filter element is blocked and the pressure difference increases, the indicator is yellow, prompting the replacement of the spare filter element. When the filter element reaches saturation, that is, when the filter element expires, the indicator is red, at this time the filter element has completely failed and needs to be replaced immediately.

[0031] Application prospects:

[0032] 1. Installed in HQT gas supply system to remove particulate impurities, oil, water and odor in the gas to improve gas quality;

[0033] 2. Installed in conventional T gas supply system to remove particulate impurities, oil, water and odor in the gas to improve gas quality;

[0034] 3. Install before the compressor and turbine to remove particles and liquids to prevent equipment wear and impeller scaling;

[0035] 4. Install before molecular sieve or desiccant to extend its life;

[0036] 5. Installed on the fuel gas pipeline to remove condensate and impurities and protect the gas nozzle;

[0037] 6. Install before gas membrane separation to protect the separation membrane and extend its life.

[0038] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may also be subject to various changes and improvements, which are all within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. An emergency breathing filter device, comprising a filter block (10) and a filter cartridge (8), characterized in that: Three filter cartridges (8) are provided, and the filter cartridges (8) are mounted in series on the filter block (10). A boss (6) is provided inside the filter cartridge (8), and a metal spring (3) is provided on the boss (6). A filter element is provided inside each of the three filter cartridges (8), and the lower end of the filter element abuts against the metal spring (3). The upper end of the filter element is inserted into the filter block (10) and communicates with the internal channel of the filter block (10). The filter elements are respectively provided as a primary filter element (1), a secondary filter element (2), and a final filter element (7). A discharge chamber (5) is provided at the bottom of the filter cartridge (8), and an automatic discharger (4) is provided in the discharge chamber (5). The left end of the filter cartridge (8) is provided as an inlet (12), and the right end of the filter cartridge (8) is provided as an outlet (9).

2. An emergency breathing filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter element is composed of an upper end cover (13), a filter layer (14), an inner frame (15) and a lower end cover (16), and the filter layer (14) is folded into a crescent-shaped structure.

3. An emergency breathing filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter layer 1 (141) of the primary filter element (1) is composed of a filter screen and filter paper, the filter layer 2 (142) of the secondary filter element (2) is composed of a pre-filter layer, a coalescing layer 1, a coalescing layer 2 and a drainage layer, and the filter layer 3 (143) of the final filter element (7) is an activated carbon fiber felt layer.

4. An emergency breathing filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering method of the primary filter element (1) and the secondary filter element (2) is from outside to inside, and the filtering method of the final filter element (7) is from inside to outside.

5. An emergency breathing filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A visual differential pressure signal device (11) is installed on the filter block (10), and the dial of the visual differential pressure signal device (11) is divided into three color areas: green, yellow and red.

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