Plant wave absorbing dam

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of wave-absorbing dams, and particularly relates to a plant wave-absorbing dam which comprises a dam main body, and a wave-facing surface of the dam main body is provided with a basic wave-absorbing assembly arranged in a deep water area from bottom to top; a first vegetation wave absorbing assembly; the first vegetation wave-absorbing assembly comprises a wave-absorbing slope, the second vegetation wave-absorbing assembly comprises a wave-absorbing slope, the wave-absorbing slope is concave, and a plurality of water-resistant plants are planted on the wave-absorbing slope. When the wave-absorbing structure is used, the basic wave-absorbing assembly, the first vegetation wave-absorbing assembly and the second vegetation wave-absorbing assembly are arranged for multi-stage wave absorption, so that the wave can be broken, and the purpose of energy dissipation can be achieved; meanwhile, wave dissipation is carried out by laying vegetation, the ecological environment of a coastal zone can be improved, and the biological diversity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of wave-breaking dams, and in particular relates to a plant wave-breaking dam. Background Art

[0002] Wave-breaking dams are underwater structures built to block the impact of waves, enclose harbors, maintain a stable water surface to protect ports from bad weather, and allow ships to anchor and operate safely. With the development of my country's marine resource development technology, wave-breaking dams have been more widely used, and the demand for the construction of ecological breakwaters is also increasing. Ecological design and protection of breakwater construction are required in all aspects of planning, construction, and operation.

[0003] At present, traditional wave-breaking dams have many shortcomings. Although cement concrete wave-breaking dams can prevent the erosion of the embankments by waves, the ecological environment of the coastal zone is damaged, biodiversity is reduced, and the scouring of the mudflats in front of the dams by seawater is enhanced. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide a plant wave-breaking dam to solve the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following solutions:

[0006] A plant wave-breaking dam comprises a dam body, wherein the wave-facing surface of the dam body is provided with:

[0007] Basic wave-breaking components are installed in deep water areas;

[0008] The first vegetation wave-breaking component;

[0009] The second vegetation wave-breaking component comprises a wave-breaking slope which is concave and on which a number of water-resistant plants are planted.

[0010] Preferably, the wave-breaking slope includes a plurality of connecting blocks, which are arranged in an array. The connecting blocks are laid on the wave-facing surface of the dam body. Two adjacent connecting blocks are fixedly connected by connecting pieces. Four adjacent connecting blocks form a cavity, and the water-resistant plants are planted in the cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting block includes a cross-shaped bottom plate laid on the wave-facing surface of the dam body, a plant growth groove is fixedly connected to the side of the cross-shaped bottom plate away from the dam body, the plant growth groove is located at the center of the cross-shaped bottom plate, the water-resistant plants are planted in the plant growth groove, and through holes are opened at the ends of the cross-shaped bottom plate, one end of the connecting piece is fixedly connected to the through hole of an adjacent cross-shaped bottom plate, and the other end of the connecting piece is fixedly connected to the through hole of another adjacent cross-shaped bottom plate.

[0012] Preferably, the basic wave-breaking assembly includes a plurality of retaining piles inserted in the deep water area, wherein the retaining piles are arranged along the length direction of the dam body, the bottom ends of the retaining piles penetrate into the ground plane and are fixedly connected to pile caps, the pile caps are fixedly connected to pile foundations on one side away from the retaining piles, and the wave-facing surface of the retaining piles is provided with a wave-breaking portion.

[0013] Preferably, the wave-breaking portion includes a U-shaped wave-breaking channel provided on the wave-facing surface of the retaining pile, a plurality of plant cultivation holes are provided on the top surface of the retaining pile, plants are planted at the top of the plant cultivation holes, the bottom ends of the plant cultivation holes are connected to vertically arranged water vapor channels, a plurality of the water vapor channels are connected to the U-shaped wave-breaking channel, a plurality of horizontally arranged fishways are provided on the side walls of the retaining pile, the fishways run through the retaining pile, the fishways of two adjacent retaining piles are connected, and the fishways are connected to the water vapor channel.

[0014] Preferably, the first vegetation wave-breaking component includes a side plate fixedly connected to the wave-facing surface of the dam body, a plurality of wave-breaking plates are fixedly connected to the side of the side plate away from the dam body, the plurality of wave-breaking plates are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the side plate, and a plurality of mangroves are planted between two adjacent wave-breaking plates.

[0015] Preferably, a buffer slope is fixedly connected to the wave-facing surface of the dam body, and the buffer slope is located above the wave-breaking slope.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0017] The utility model performs multi-stage wave breaking by arranging a basic wave-breaking component, a first vegetation wave-breaking component and a second vegetation wave-breaking component, which can not only break waves to achieve the purpose of energy dissipation and realize the function of wave blocking and wave breaking of the breakwater, but also improve the ecological environment of the coastal zone and enhance biodiversity by laying vegetation to break waves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 It is the structural diagram of wave-breaking slope;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the connection block;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the retaining pile.

[0023] Among them, 1. the main body of the dam; 2. retaining piles; 3. pile caps; 4. pile foundations; 5. side panels; 6. wave-breaking boards; 7. wave-breaking slopes; 8. mangroves; 9. water-resistant plants; 10. buffer slopes; 201. plant cultivation holes; 202. water vapor channels; 203. fishways; 204. U-shaped wave-breaking channels; 701. connecting blocks; 702. cavities; 703. connecting pieces; 7011. cross-shaped bottom plates; 7012. through holes; 7013. plant growth troughs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0026] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the utility model provides a plant wave-breaking dam, comprising a dam body 1, and the wave-facing surface of the dam body 1 is provided with:

[0027] Basic wave-breaking components are installed in deep water areas;

[0028] The first vegetation wave-breaking component;

[0029] The second vegetation wave-breaking component comprises a wave-breaking slope 7 which is concave in shape and on which a number of water-resistant plants 9 are planted.

[0030] The utility model performs multi-stage wave breaking by arranging a basic wave-breaking component, a first vegetation wave-breaking component and a second vegetation wave-breaking component, which can not only break waves to achieve the purpose of energy dissipation and realize the function of wave blocking and wave breaking of the breakwater, but also improve the ecological environment of the coastal zone and enhance biodiversity by laying vegetation to break waves.

[0031] The wave-breaking slope 7 is concave, which can make the waves tend to return, thereby playing a buffering role on the waves.

[0032] According to a further optimized solution, the wave-breaking slope 7 includes a plurality of connecting blocks 701 which are arranged in an array. The connecting blocks 701 are laid on the wave-facing surface of the dam body 1 . Two adjacent connecting blocks 701 are fixedly connected by connecting pieces 703 . Four adjacent connecting blocks 701 form a cavity 702 , and water-resistant plants 9 are planted in the cavity 702 .

[0033] Every four adjacent connecting blocks 701 form a cavity 702, and water-resistant plants 9 are planted in the cavity 702 to promote siltation and prevent erosion. The water-resistant plants 9 are alkali-resistant and water-resistant varieties. The preferred varieties in the utility model are Salix babylonica, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Spartina alterniflora.

[0034] A further optimized solution is that the connecting block 701 includes a cross-shaped bottom plate 7011 laid on the wave-facing surface of the dam body 1, and a plant growth groove 7013 is fixedly connected to the side of the cross-shaped bottom plate 7011 away from the dam body 1, and the plant growth groove 7013 is located at the center of the cross-shaped bottom plate 7011. Water-resistant plants 9 are planted in the plant growth groove 7013, and through holes 7012 are opened at the ends of the cross-shaped bottom plate 7011. One end of the connecting piece 703 is fixedly connected to the through hole 7012 of an adjacent cross-shaped bottom plate 7011, and the other end of the connecting piece 703 is fixedly connected to the through hole 7012 of another adjacent cross-shaped bottom plate 7011.

[0035] A further optimized solution is that the basic wave-breaking component includes a plurality of retaining piles 2 inserted in the deep water area, the plurality of retaining piles 2 are arranged along the length direction of the dam body 1, the bottom ends of the retaining piles 2 penetrate into the ground plane and are fixedly connected with pile caps 3, the side of the pile caps 3 away from the retaining piles 2 is fixedly connected with pile foundations 4, and the wave-facing surface of the retaining piles 2 is provided with a wave-breaking portion.

[0036] A further optimized solution is provided, in which the wave-breaking portion includes a U-shaped wave-breaking channel 204 provided on the wave-facing surface of the retaining pile 2, a plurality of plant cultivation holes 201 are provided on the top surface of the retaining pile 2, plants are planted at the top of the plant cultivation holes 201, the bottom of the plant cultivation holes 201 is connected with a vertically arranged water vapor channel 202, and the plurality of water vapor channels 202 are connected with the U-shaped wave-breaking channel 204, and a plurality of horizontally arranged fishways 203 are provided on the side wall of the retaining pile 2, the fishways 203 penetrate the retaining pile 2, the fishways 203 of two adjacent retaining piles 2 are connected, and the fishways 203 are connected with the water vapor channel 202.

[0037] The wave propagates toward the shore, reaches the wave-facing surface of the retaining pile 2, enters the U-shaped wave-breaking channel 204, and moves along the U-shaped wave-breaking channel 204. A part of the wave continues to propagate upward along the water vapor channel 202, and supplies water to the plants; the other part of the wave continues to propagate along the U-shaped wave-breaking channel 204. At this time, the kinetic energy of the wave is converted into potential energy. With the decrease of kinetic energy and the increase of potential energy, the wave breaks above the U-shaped wave-breaking channel 204, and then flows out from the outlet at the other end of the U-shaped wave-breaking channel 204 and enters the ocean.

[0038] The wave-absorbing part of the wave-facing surface of the retaining pile 2 can be effectively utilized to reduce wave energy and reduce the scouring of the retaining pile 2 by the eddy current; the fishway 203 runs through a number of retaining piles 2, thereby ensuring the vitality of the water body in the retaining pile 2.

[0039] A plant incubator is provided in the plant cultivation hole 201. The plant incubator is made of degradable plant fiber. The plants in the plant cultivation hole 201 can adapt to the salinity of the high water level and coastal water quality, and can grow in nutrient-poor and harsh water sedimentation conditions. The plants in the plant cultivation hole 201 absorb organic matter in the plant incubator to grow, and at the same time, the material in the plant incubator begins to degrade over time to avoid polluting the environment.

[0040] The plants in the plant cultivation hole 201 absorb water vapor through the water vapor channel 202 below and grow from the inside out. The roots will extend outward along the water vapor channel 202, and eventually entwine with each other, penetrate deep into the seabed, and gradually become part of the retaining pile 2, playing a role in stabilizing the wave-breaking dam.

[0041] A further optimized solution is that the first vegetation wave-breaking component includes a side plate 5 fixedly connected to the wave-facing surface of the dam body 1, a plurality of wave-breaking plates 6 are fixedly connected to the side of the side plate 5 away from the dam body 1, the plurality of wave-breaking plates 6 are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the side plate 5, and a plurality of mangroves 8 are planted between two adjacent wave-breaking plates 6.

[0042] The waves pass through a plurality of wave-breaking boards 6, which play a role in re-breaking the waves. Mangroves are tree species used to create coastal protection forests, which can achieve the effects of preventing wind and waves, promoting siltation and protecting beaches.

[0043] According to a further optimization scheme, a buffer slope 10 is fixedly connected to the wave-facing surface of the dam body 1 , and the buffer slope 10 is located above the wave-breaking slope 7 .

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0045] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred methods of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plant-based wave-breaking dam, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dam body (1), wherein the wave-facing surface of the dam body (1) is provided with: Basic wave-breaking components are installed in deep water areas; The first vegetation wave-breaking component; A second vegetation wave-breaking component comprises a wave-breaking slope (7), wherein the wave-breaking slope (7) is concave and a plurality of water-resistant plants (9) are planted on the wave-breaking slope (7); The basic wave-breaking assembly comprises a plurality of retaining piles (2) inserted in the deep water area, the plurality of retaining piles (2) being arranged along the length direction of the dam body (1), the bottom ends of the retaining piles (2) penetrating into the ground plane and being fixedly connected to pile caps (3), the pile caps (3) being fixedly connected to pile foundations (4) on the side away from the retaining piles (2), and the wave-facing surface of the retaining piles (2) being provided with wave-breaking parts; The wave-breaking portion comprises a U-shaped wave-breaking channel (204) provided on the wave-facing surface of the retaining pile (2); a plurality of plant cultivation holes (201) are provided on the top surface of the retaining pile (2); plants are planted at the top of the plant cultivation holes (201); the bottom ends of the plant cultivation holes (201) are connected to vertically arranged water vapor channels (202); a plurality of the water vapor channels (202) are connected to the U-shaped wave-breaking channel (204); a plurality of horizontally arranged fishways (203) are provided on the side walls of the retaining pile (2); the fishways (203) run through the retaining pile (2); the fishways (203) of two adjacent retaining piles (2) are connected; and the fishways (203) are connected to the water vapor channels (202).

2. A plant wave-breaking dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave-breaking slope (7) comprises a plurality of connection blocks (701) which are arranged in an array. The connection blocks (701) are laid on the wave-facing surface of the dam body (1). Two adjacent connection blocks (701) are fixedly connected via a connection piece (703). Four adjacent connection blocks (701) form a cavity (702), and the water-resistant plants (9) are planted in the cavity (702).

3. A plant wave-breaking dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting block (701) comprises a cross-shaped bottom plate (7011) laid on the wave-facing surface of the dam body (1); a plant growth groove (7013) is fixedly connected to the side of the cross-shaped bottom plate (7011) away from the dam body (1); the plant growth groove (7013) is located at the center of the cross-shaped bottom plate (7011); the water-resistant plant (9) is planted in the plant growth groove (7013); through holes (7012) are provided at the ends of the cross-shaped bottom plate (7011); one end of the connecting piece (703) is fixedly connected to the through hole (7012) of an adjacent cross-shaped bottom plate (7011); and the other end of the connecting piece (703) is fixedly connected to the through hole (7012) of another adjacent cross-shaped bottom plate (7011).

4. A plant wave-breaking dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first vegetation wave-breaking component comprises a side plate (5) fixedly connected to the wave-facing surface of the dam body (1); a plurality of wave-breaking plates (6) are fixedly connected to the side of the side plate (5) away from the dam body (1); the plurality of wave-breaking plates (6) are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the side plate (5); and a plurality of mangroves (8) are planted between two adjacent wave-breaking plates (6).

5. The plant wave-breaking dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buffer slope (10) is fixedly connected to the wave-facing surface of the dam body (1), and the buffer slope (10) is located above the wave-breaking slope (7).

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