Geiger counter circuit based on microprocessor

Abstract

The utility model provides a Geiger counter circuit based on a microprocessor, comprising an ESP32 processing module, the ESP32 processing module is connected with a power supply unit and a test unit, the ESP32 processing module is provided with a reset button and a networking button, the problems that the Geiger counter in the prior art is long in use time and cannot perform cloud data interaction are solved, and the Geiger counter circuit is simple in structure and convenient to use. The beneficial effects of improving the convenience, reliability and diversity of radiation detection and providing more comprehensive monitoring guarantee for users are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the application field of Geiger counters, in particular to a Geiger counter circuit based on a microprocessor. Background Art

[0002] Common radiation detection equipment currently includes Geiger-Müller counters, or Geiger counters for short. Its working principle is to start working the internal Geiger tube (GM tube) by applying a certain voltage. When there are radioactive rays / electromagnetic waves (α, β, γ, X) in the environment, these four types of radiation are ionized in the Geiger tube to form a pair of ions, which are then amplified by the circuit to produce an electrical pulse of the same size. The microprocessor is used for counting statistics. The Geiger counters on the market have some features, such as handheld design, power input port suitable for 4-6V battery power, equipped with a display screen, and are offline (non-IoT type) independent detection devices.

[0003] Comparative document CN210626672U discloses a radiation detection device, including a Geiger counter, a signal conditioning circuit, a broadband antenna, a low-noise amplification system, a detection circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a processor system, an input system, and an output system. This comparative document has the problem of being unable to perform real-time data transmission and poor results of large-scale multi-point testing in the environment.

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the utility model proposes a Geiger counter circuit based on a microprocessor, which achieves the purpose of increasing the system usage time, reducing the size of the hardware circuit and multi-point synchronous detection by setting an external voltage source, adopting an embedded microprocessor for data processing, and performing cloud storage and viewing. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model proposes a Geiger counter circuit based on a microprocessor, which adopts a microprocessor with an embedded system core of ESP32 to transmit data to a DMP cloud (a device management platform) through networking with a gateway, and at the same time, local flash storage realizes double backup storage data. The safe storage of detection data is realized, including: an ESP32 processing module, the ESP32 processing module is connected to a power supply unit and a test unit, the ESP32 processing module is provided with a reset button and a networking button, and the ESP32 processing module is an ESP32 processing circuit.

[0006] Preferably, the power supply unit includes an ACDC conversion circuit, the ACDC conversion circuit is connected to a 3.3V buck conversion circuit, and is also connected to a 400V boost conversion circuit, and the 400V boost conversion circuit is connected to an ESP32 control signal.

[0007] Preferably, the ESP32 processing module includes an ESP32 processor, the ESP32 processor is connected to a burning unit and an EN enable, and is also connected to the burning enable and an antenna module.

[0008] Preferably, the test unit is provided with a Geiger tube, the Geiger tube is connected to a hysteresis comparator, and a sampling signal channel is connected to the hysteresis comparator.

[0009] Preferably, the ACDC conversion circuit is provided with an overcurrent protection fuse F1, a surge protection varistor MOV1 is provided between the two levels of the voltage source, the two poles of the voltage source are connected to the AC pole of the rectifier bridge BD1, and the positive pole of the rectifier bridge BD1 is connected to the electrolytic capacitor C1 and the inductor L1 to rectify and stabilize the AC power;

[0010] The step-down part uses a single-ended flyback chip U1. The rectified voltage is connected to the step-down circuit composed of the single-ended flyback chip U1 and the transformer T1, and then connected to the recovery diode D2 for rectification and passes through the filter capacitors C11 and C12.

[0011] Preferably, the 3.3V step-down conversion circuit adopts a DCDC step-down solution, and the enable pin EN is connected to the 12V voltage output by the ACDC conversion circuit and steps it down to 3.3V.

[0012] Preferably, the 400V boost conversion circuit is composed of a BOOST chip U3, an NMOS and a transformer.

[0013] Preferably, the burning unit is UART asynchronous serial port burning, and the burning enable switch is turned on before burning.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0015] The mains power supply solution is adopted, and there is no need to frequently replace batteries. Environmental testing can be carried out continuously for a long time, providing long-term monitoring guarantee. This system uses a microprocessor with ESP32 as the core of the embedded system, and transmits data to the DMP cloud through networking with the gateway. At the same time, dual backup is achieved through local flash storage to ensure the safe storage of detection data with higher reliability; the circuit on the hardware side is reduced, the volume is smaller, and it is more portable; the cloud platform supports the gateway to connect to up to 255 Geiger counters at the same time, and the maximum distance between the counters can reach 50 meters. It makes it possible to detect the intensity of environmental radiation at multiple points at the same time, realizing the convenience and comprehensiveness of multi-point synchronous monitoring. This comprehensive solution greatly improves the convenience, reliability and diversity of radiation detection, and provides users with more comprehensive monitoring guarantees. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The present invention is a system block diagram of a microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 ESP32 processing unit block diagram in the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of a test unit in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a topological diagram of the ACDC conversion circuit in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a topology diagram of a 3.3V step-down conversion circuit in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a topology diagram of a 400V boost conversion circuit in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a connection topology diagram of the ESP32 chip in the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0024] Fig. 9 It is a topological diagram of the programming circuit in the embodiment of the utility model.

[0025] Fig.10 It is a topological diagram of the networking button connections in the embodiment of the utility model.

[0026] Fig.11 This is a topological diagram of the reset button connection in the embodiment of the utility model.

[0027] Fig.12 This is a circuit topology diagram of a Geiger tube test unit in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0028] 1-power supply unit, 2-ESP32 processing circuit, 3-test unit, 4-reset button, 5-networking button, 6-indicator light, 7-gateway, 8-cloud platform, 9-ACDC conversion circuit, 10-3.3V buck conversion circuit, 11-400V boost conversion circuit, 12-ESP32 control signal, 13-burning unit, 14-EN enable, 15-burning enable, 16-antenna module, 17-Geiger tube, 18-hysteresis comparator, 19-sampling signal channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present application embodiment proposes a Geiger counter system using an ESP32 microprocessor, which is managed through a cloud platform. The block diagram of the system is shown in FIG. Figure 1As shown, it mainly includes the following components: ESP32 processing module 2, power supply unit 1 and test unit 3. ESP32 processing module 2 is connected to power supply unit 1 and test unit 3, and power supply unit 1 is externally connected to 220V AC power and is controlled by ESP32 processing module 2 to provide power for it. Test unit 3 performs sampling tests on samples and inputs the test results into ESP32 processing unit 2.

[0030] The ESP32 processing module 2 is provided with a reset button 4 and a networking button 5, which are used to reset the processing module and control the networking, respectively. The reset button 4 allows the ESP32 processing module 2 to be restarted, while the networking button 5 is used to start the network connection function of the system. In addition, the ESP32 processing module 2 also displays its working status in real time through the control indicator 6, which can intuitively understand the operating status of the system.

[0031] The block diagram of the power supply unit 1 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it includes an ACDC conversion circuit 9, a 3.3V buck conversion circuit 10 and a 400V boost conversion circuit 11. The ACDC conversion circuit 9 is used to step down or boost the input voltage to meet the power requirements of the system. The 3.3V buck conversion circuit 10 is responsible for reducing the power supply voltage to 3.3V, while the 400V boost conversion circuit 11 receives the control signal of the ESP32 processing module to achieve precise adjustment of the power supply. The entire power supply unit 1 is connected to a 220V AC voltage source, and the necessary power supply adjustment is performed through the ACDC conversion circuit 9 to ensure that the ESP32 processing module 2 is stably powered.

[0032] The system has the function of interacting with the cloud platform and gateway 7 through the ESP32 processing module 2, and the ability to upload system data to the cloud platform. This design enables the Geiger counter system to be remotely monitored and managed, providing a more convenient and intelligent user experience.

[0033] ESP32 processing module 2 Figure 3 , which is one of the core components of the system, includes an ESP32 processor, which is connected to components such as a burning unit 13, an EN enable 14, a burning enable 15, and an antenna module 16. The ESP32 processor receives the program to be burned transmitted through the burning unit 13 and is powered by a 3.3V power supply. EN enable 14 and burning enable 15 provide control signals of EN enable and burning command to the ESP32 processor, respectively. In addition, the ESP32 processing module 2 is also equipped with an antenna module 16 for receiving communication information. This enables the system to interact with other devices through wireless communication. The ESP32 processor also provides an external interface for interacting with external devices, which enhances the flexibility and scalability of the system.

[0034] Test unit 3 Figure 4, which is composed of a Geiger tube 17, a hysteresis comparator 18 and a sampling signal channel 19. When the test unit 3 is working, the Geiger tube 17 is driven by a 400V DC. The operation of the Geiger tube 17 triggers the operation of the hysteresis comparator 18, and then the hysteresis comparator 18 outputs the sampling signal through the sampling signal channel 19. This design enables the system to effectively perform sampling tests and pass the test results to the ESP32 processing module 2 for processing and analysis. The structure and working principle of the entire test unit provide the system with reliable testing functions, which helps to ensure the normal operation of the system and accurate data collection under various conditions.

[0035] Power supply unit ACDC conversion circuit such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, through this design, the system can effectively convert 220V AC power into a stable 12V DC output. The main components of the circuit include fuse F1, varistor MOV1, rectifier bridge BD1, electrolytic capacitor C1, inductor L1 and other components, which work together to realize the rectification, voltage regulation and voltage reduction functions of the power supply. The overcurrent protection fuse F1 is set in the circuit to prevent damage when the current exceeds the set value and improve the safety of the system. In addition, the varistor MOV1 is used to provide lightning surge protection to effectively resist the adverse effects of voltage surges on the system. The rectifier bridge BD1, electrolytic capacitor C1 and inductor L1 constitute the rectification and voltage regulation part of the voltage source, which is used to convert 220V AC into a stable DC power supply. The voltage reduction part adopts a single-ended flyback solution, in which the single-ended flyback chip U1 (model OB2500NCP) is combined with the transformer T1 (model DC130004) to form an effective voltage reduction loop. Through this loop, the circuit converts the high-voltage input into a lower voltage output. The rectified voltage is rectified twice by the fast recovery diode D2, and then filtered by capacitors C11 and C12 to achieve a stable 12V DC power output. The entire ACDC conversion circuit ensures the stability and reliability of the system power supply through overcurrent protection and surge protection designs, providing reliable power support for other components.

[0036] Figure 6 The topology diagram of the 3.3V buck converter circuit. This circuit adopts the DCDC buck solution, and the core device is the U2 chip. The EN pin of the U2 chip receives a 12V level enable signal from the ACDC unit to start working. Its main function is to step down the 12V input voltage to 3.3V. This output voltage is used to drive the ESP32 core board and activate an LED, which is used to display the power supply status. This design effectively provides a low-voltage stable power supply suitable for the ESP32 core board, and intuitively reflects the power supply working status through the LED indicator.

[0037] Figure 7A 400V boost converter circuit is shown, which consists of BOOST chip U3, Nmos, and transformer. The purpose of this circuit is to boost the input voltage of 12V to 400V, with a boost ratio of 1:33. The BOOST chip adopts the NCV898031 model, and its EN pin is enabled by a drive signal from ESP32. The working process of the circuit is as follows: the 12V voltage is boosted to an alternating voltage of about 55V through the NMOS tube of Q1. Then, through the transformer T2 and the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit at the back end, a DC voltage of about 390V is output to drive the normal operation of the Geiger tube.

[0038] The design of this 400V boost converter circuit plays a key role in the system, providing high voltage drive for other components, especially the high voltage for driving Geiger tubes. Through these two conversion circuits, the entire system effectively realizes the conversion and stable output of different voltage levels, providing reliable power supply support for the normal operation of the system.

[0039] The ESP32 processor of the utility model embodiment is composed of Figure 8 The ESP32 core board and Fig. 9 The processor core uses the ESP32-WROVER-IE (IPEX) module, which requires multiple 3.3V power supplies during operation, which are provided by the 3.3V step-down conversion circuit. In addition, the module also needs to be enabled by the high level of the EN pin. The ESP32 processor itself provides the Boost_EN signal that enables the boost circuit to control the output of the 400V boost circuit. The module has a built-in onboard antenna for signal transmission gain output. In addition, one IO port of the module is specifically used to receive the signal sampled by the Geiger counter.

[0040] The flashing interface of the ESP32 processor unit is as follows Fig. 9 As shown, the UART asynchronous serial port programming method is adopted. When programming, you need to press the programming enable button first to enter the programming mode.

[0041] Fig.10 and Fig.11 The topological structure of the networking button circuit and the reset button circuit in this embodiment is shown. The functions of these two circuits include the acquisition button triggering the networking function and the triggering reset function. The IO port determines the current state according to the program and drives the LED on and off to provide an intuitive working status indication (the networking state flashes once per second, the offline state is off, the test state flashes once every 5 seconds, and the online non-test state is always on).

[0042] Fig.12The sampling circuit of the Geiger tube test unit is shown. The test unit is used for radiation testing, in which a 400V voltage drives a Geiger tube (model J302) through a boost circuit to work. When radioactive rays or electromagnetic waves in the environment enter the Geiger tube, the Geiger tube is ionized and outputs a signal. The signal is converted to a logic level 3.3V input by a hysteresis comparator. The voltage divider resistors R27 and R28 of the hysteresis comparator are set so that the falling edge trigger value is 3.3*R28 / (R27+R28), and the falling edge trigger voltage is 1.5V in this example. This design enables the test unit to effectively detect the radiation situation in the environment and output the corresponding logic level signal.

[0043] In this embodiment, the gateway 7 is a gateway specially designed for testing. In order to network the Geiger counter and display it in the background of the cloud platform, the gateway needs to burn a specific test firmware. This test firmware contains the necessary functions and settings to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the test.

[0044] Similarly, in this embodiment, the cloud platform 8 is a device management cloud platform specially designed for testing. In this cloud platform, the user can turn on the networking permission option and Fig.10 The Networking button in the will put the Geiger counter into networking mode. Once this step is completed, the Geiger counter will be online and visible on the device management cloud platform. Users can operate the device through the cloud platform to achieve remote management and monitoring of the Geiger counter. This design ensures the controllability and flexibility of the test, allowing various operations and observations to be effectively performed in a specific test environment.

[0045] Obviously, although the embodiments disclosed in the utility model are as above, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the utility model. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by any ordinary technician in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

Claims

1. A microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit, characterized in that: include: An ESP32 processing circuit (2), the ESP32 processing circuit (2) being connected to a power supply unit (1) and a test unit (3), the ESP32 processing circuit (2) being provided with a reset button (4) and a networking button (5); the ESP32 processing circuit (2) being capable of interacting with a gateway (7); The ESP32 processing circuit (2) is provided with an ACDC conversion circuit (9), which is provided with an overcurrent protection fuse F1, and a surge protection varistor MOV1 is provided between two voltage source stages. The two poles of the voltage source are connected to the AC poles of the rectifier bridge BD1, and the positive pole of the rectifier bridge BD1 is connected to the electrolytic capacitor C1 and the inductor L1 to rectify and stabilize the AC power.

2. A microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply unit (1) comprises an ACDC conversion circuit (9), wherein the ACDC conversion circuit (9) is connected to a 3.3V step-down conversion circuit (10) and is also connected to a 400V step-up conversion circuit (11), and the 400V step-up conversion circuit (11) is connected to an ESP32 control signal (12).

3. A microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ESP32 processing circuit (2) comprises an ESP32 processor, the ESP32 processor is connected to a burning unit (13) and an EN enable (14), and is also connected to a burning enable (15) and an antenna module (16).

4. A microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test unit (3) is provided with a Geiger tube (17), the Geiger tube (17) is connected to a hysteresis comparator (18), and the hysteresis comparator (18) is connected to a sampling signal channel (19).

5. A microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The 3.3V step-down conversion circuit (10) adopts a DCDC step-down solution, wherein the enable pin EN is connected to the 12V voltage output by the ACDC conversion circuit and steps it down to 3.3V.

6. A microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The 400V boost conversion circuit (11) is composed of a BOOST chip U3, an NMOS and a transformer.

7. A microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The burning unit (13) is a UART asynchronous serial port burning unit, and the burning enable switch is turned on before burning.

8. A microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The test unit (3) is a Geiger tube test unit, and the Geiger tube test unit is provided with a hysteresis comparator.

9. A microprocessor-based Geiger counter circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step-down part of the ESP32 processing circuit (2) adopts a single-ended flyback chip U1. The rectified voltage is connected to a step-down circuit composed of the single-ended flyback chip U1 and a transformer T1, and then connected to a recovery diode D2 for rectification, and passes through filter capacitors C11 and C12.

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