Soil structure for improving clayey saline-alkali soil based on concealed pipe
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421306764.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-07
AI Technical Summary
The soil of severe saline-alkali land is heavily clamped and has poor permeability, which leads to difficulty in desalination. Especially after irrigation in winter and spring, the groundwater level rises rapidly, and the root soil is infiltrated for a long time, affecting cultivation and crop growth.
The soil structure based on concealed pipes is adopted to improve the clingy saline-alkali earth. By digging trenches on the saline-alkali earth layer and laying concealed pipes with water filter holes, combined with the design of the dark holes, a filter material layer and concealed pipe system are formed to improve the permeability of the soil.
It effectively solves the problem of soil desalination in severe saline-alkali land, improves the permeability of the soil, improves the cultivation conditions and crop growth environment, and reduces the economic and time cost of improving severe saline-alkali land.
Smart Images
Figure CN222532183U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment, and in particular relates to a soil structure for improving clay saline-alkali soil based on concealed pipes. Background Art
[0002] The saline-alkali lands are widely distributed in more than 80 countries and regions around the world, covering an area of about 1 billion hectares. China has about 100 million hectares of saline-alkali lands, which is equivalent to nearly 80% of the existing cultivated land area. Rational improvement and utilization of saline-alkali lands are of great significance to ensuring the production and supply of agricultural products.
[0003] Severe saline-alkali lands generally have heavy and compacted soils, poor permeability, shallow groundwater levels, easy return of salt in the soil and difficulty in desalination. Especially after winter and spring irrigation (or excessive rainfall), the groundwater level rises rapidly, making it difficult for surface water to infiltrate the soil, and the number of days with water accumulation is long. The effect of field salt washing is poor and spring ploughing is delayed, which directly affects normal field cultivation, germination and growth, making it difficult to improve and utilize the land. To manage severe saline-alkali lands, open ditches and underground pipes are generally dug in the fields to drain water and salt, so as to control the groundwater level and soil salinity within a certain range. These methods are widely used and are effective in improving severe saline-alkali lands with good permeability. However, with the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization, the open drainage ditches dug in the fields occupy a large amount of land, which not only affects the operating efficiency of agricultural machinery, but also causes the slopes of the open drainage ditches to collapse easily, resulting in ditch blockage, which affects the planting benefits and field soil desalination effect; limited by factors such as cost, the actual buried spacing of the underground pipes is usually wide (generally 50m and above), and it is difficult to drain the moisture in the soil and on the surface of the soil in the clay saline-alkali soil area with shallow groundwater level in time, resulting in poor desalination effect of severe saline-alkali land, difficulty in field cultivation, and the impact of waterlogging on crop growth. Problems cannot be solved, which is not conducive to large-scale, mechanized transformation and utilization of severe saline-alkali land. In recent years, various regions have continuously strengthened the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land, and the governance and transformation of severe saline-alkali land has become a difficult point in the current improvement of saline-alkali land. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a soil structure based on concealed pipes to improve clay saline-alkali soil, which solves the problem of difficulty in desalination of clay heavy saline-alkali soil in the prior art, especially the rapid rise of groundwater level after irrigation in winter and spring, and the long waterlogging time of the soil in the root zone resulting in poor desalination effect and affecting farming.
[0005] The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is to improve the soil structure of clay saline-alkali soil based on concealed pipes, which includes groundwater level and saline-alkali soil layer from bottom to top, a plurality of grooves are excavated at intervals in the saline-alkali soil layer, the depths of the plurality of grooves are below the groundwater level, concealed pipes are laid at the bottom of the grooves, water filter holes are arranged on the concealed pipes, the concealed pipes are connected to water collecting pipes, filter material layers are filled around the concealed pipes, the top of the filter material layers is below the groundwater level, a plurality of dark holes are vertically excavated between two adjacent grooves, the tops of the dark holes are below the top of the saline-alkali soil layer, the depths of the dark holes are below the groundwater level and higher than the tops of the dark pipes.
[0006] The utility model is also characterized in that:
[0007] The excavation distance between two adjacent trenches is 20m-50m, and the depth of the trench is 1.4m-2m.
[0008] The filter material layer includes excavated soil, pre-collected gravel, coarse sand and straw powder. The distance between the top of the concealed pipe and the top of the filter material layer is not less than 12 cm, and the distance between the bottom of the concealed pipe and the bottom of the filter material layer is not less than 12 cm.
[0009] The inner diameter of the concealed pipe is 10cm-35cm, the buried depth of the concealed pipe is 100cm-180cm, and the cross-section of the concealed pipe is circular.
[0010] The laying spacing of the concealed pipes is 20m-50m, and the longitudinal slope of the concealed pipes is 0.1%-0.2%.
[0011] The diameter of the dark hole is 0.3m-0.5m, the dark hole is columnar, and the distance between two adjacent dark holes is evenly arranged at 2m-5m.
[0012] The blind holes are evenly distributed on both sides of the trench along the excavation direction of the trench, and the blind holes are arranged to avoid being directly above the blind pipes.
[0013] The dark hole is backfilled by mixing the excavated soil with previously collected gravel, coarse sand and straw powder. The dark hole is backfilled to 30cm-35cm from the ground surface. The bulk density of the backfilled soil is the same as the bulk density of the soil before the dark hole is excavated.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0015] The utility model, based on the soil structure of clayey saline-alkali soil improved by concealed pipes, can effectively solve the existing heavy saline-alkali soil, heavy and compacted, poor permeability and difficulty in soil desalination, under the existing economic and agricultural production conditions, especially after winter and spring irrigation, the rapid rise of groundwater level causes the root zone soil to be waterlogged for a long time, the difficulty of soil water infiltration leads to water evaporation mainly in the form of water surface and soil surface, poor soil desalination effect and delayed spring ploughing, which directly affects normal field cultivation, emergence and growth. The clayey heavy saline-alkali land is improved by combining concealed holes with concealed pipes, which timely eliminates soil waterlogging and increases water permeability and air permeability, improves soil desalination effect, ensures normal cultivation and emergence of farmland in areas with shallow groundwater levels, and reduces the economic cost and time cost of improving heavy saline-alkali land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the soil structure of clay saline-alkali soil improved based on concealed pipes in the utility model;
[0017] Figure 2 The utility model is a schematic diagram of a top view of the soil structure of clay saline-alkali soil improved based on concealed pipes.
[0018] In the figure, 1, saline-alkali soil layer, 2, trench, 3, dark hole, 4, groundwater level, 5, filter material layer, 6, dark pipe, 7, water collection pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The utility model is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation modes.
[0020] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the utility model improves the soil structure of clay saline-alkali soil based on concealed pipes, which includes, from bottom to top, a groundwater level 4, a saline-alkali soil layer 1, a groove 2, a concealed hole 3, a filter material layer 5, a concealed pipe 6, and a water collection pipe 7. The thickness of the saline-alkali soil layer 1 does not exceed 2m, and the bottom of the saline-alkali soil layer 1 is the groundwater level 4. A number of trenches 2 are mechanically excavated at intervals and in parallel on the saline-alkali soil layer 1, the depth of the trench 2 is below the groundwater level 4, the excavation interval between two adjacent trenches 2 is 20m-50m, the depth of the trench 2 is 1.4m-2m, and a concealed pipe 6 is laid at the bottom of the trench 2. The concealed pipe 6 is a pipe with a water filter hole, the inner diameter of the concealed pipe 6 is 10cm-35cm, the burial depth of the concealed pipe 6 is 100cm-180cm, and the cross-section of the concealed pipe 6 is circular; the longitudinal slope of the concealed pipe 6 during laying is generally 0.1%-0.2%, the laying interval of the concealed pipe 6 is 20m-50m, and the concealed pipe 6 is connected to the water collecting pipe 7. The bottom and surrounding of the concealed pipe 6 are filled with a filter material layer 5. When filling the filter material layer 5, ensure that the distance between the top of the concealed pipe 6 and the top of the filter material layer 5 is not less than 12 cm, the distance between the bottom of the concealed pipe 6 and the bottom of the filter material layer 5 is not less than 12 cm, the top of the filter material layer 5 is lower than the groundwater level 4, and the filter material layer 5 is filled by mixing the excavated soil with the gravel, coarse sand and straw powder collected in advance in a weight ratio of 6:3:1.
[0021] Between two adjacent trenches 2, a number of blind holes 3 are vertically excavated, the depth of the blind holes 3 is below the groundwater level 4 and above the top of the blind pipe 6, and the blind holes 3 are evenly arranged along the excavation direction of the trench 2; the diameter of the blind holes 3 is 0.4m-0.5m, the blind holes 3 are columnar, the spacing between adjacent blind holes 3 is evenly arranged according to 2m-5m, the blind holes 3 are arranged on both sides of the trench 2 along the excavation direction of the trench 2, and the blind holes 3 are arranged to avoid being directly above the blind pipe 6. The soil excavated from the blind holes 3 is mixed with the gravel, coarse sand and straw powder collected in advance in a weight ratio of 10:4:1 and backfilled into the blind holes 3, and the dark holes 3 are backfilled to 30cm-35cm from the ground surface, and the soil excavated from the dark holes 3 is backfilled according to the soil bulk density before the dark holes 3 are excavated, that is, the backfilled soil bulk density is the same as the soil bulk density before the dark holes 3 are excavated. After backfilling, a machine is used to perform rotary tillage and loosening operations, and the rotary tillage and loosening depth is 25cm-30cm.
[0022] The utility model is based on the soil structure of improving clay saline-alkali soil by concealed pipes, and the specific implementation method is as follows:
[0023] Step 1: On the saline-alkali soil layer 1, a trench 2 is excavated manually or mechanically, the soil excavated from the trench 2 is collected, and the excavation is continued to reach the groundwater level 4. The excavation depth of the trench 2 is set to 1.5m-2m according to the change of the groundwater level 4.
[0024] Step 2: First, a filter material layer 5 is laid at the bottom of the trench 2, and then a concealed pipe 6 is laid in the filter material layer 5. The longitudinal slope of the concealed pipe 6 is 0.1%-0.2%, and the concealed pipe 6 is connected to the water collecting pipe 7. After the concealed pipe 6 is installed and buried, the filter material layer 5 is backfilled. When laying the filter material layer 5, ensure that the distance between the top of the concealed pipe 6 and the top of the filter material layer 5 is not less than 12 cm, and the distance between the bottom of the concealed pipe 6 and the bottom of the filter material layer 5 is not less than 12 cm.
[0025] Step 3, fill the filter material layer 5 in layers to 10cm-50cm of the groundwater level 4, and then fill the heavy saline-alkali soil in layers. The height of the layered filling is not higher than 20cm. The bulk density of the filled heavy saline-alkali soil is consistent with the soil bulk density before trench excavation.
[0026] Step 4: dig the blind hole 3 along the direction of the trench 2 manually or mechanically. The blind hole 3 is arranged on both sides of the trench 2, and avoids the top of the blind pipe 6 when digging the blind hole 3. The vertical excavation depth of the blind hole 3 is greater than the buried depth of the groundwater level 4 and higher than the top of the blind pipe 6. The blind hole 3 is columnar with a diameter of 0.3m-0.5m, and the spacing between adjacent blind holes 3 is evenly arranged at 2m-5m.
[0027] Step 5: Mix the soil excavated from the dark hole 3 with the previously collected gravel, coarse sand and straw powder in a weight ratio of 10:4:1 and backfill the dark hole. The height of the layered filling should not exceed 20 cm.
[0028] Step 6: Backfill the dark hole 3 to 30cm-35cm from the ground surface, and use the soil excavated from the dark hole 3 to backfill according to the soil bulk density before the dark hole is excavated. After backfilling, use machinery to perform rotary tillage and loosening operations, and the rotary tillage and loosening depth is 25cm-30cm.
[0029] The well-developed voids in the dark hole 3 are conducive to accelerating the infiltration of accumulated water above the saline-alkali soil layer 1. Under the action of accumulated water formed by irrigation or rainfall, the excess water and salt in the saline-alkali soil layer 1 are quickly discharged to below the groundwater level 4 through the voids in the dark hole 3, and enter the dark pipe 6 through the filter material layer 5 and are then discharged from the soil. This fundamentally solves the current production problems such as the easy return of salt in severely saline-alkali land with a shallow groundwater level, the long-term waterlogging of the soil in the root zone resulting in poor desalination effect and affecting normal farming and seedling emergence.
[0030] The utility model is mainly aimed at the current improvement methods of severe saline-alkali land, which mostly adopt open ditch excavation and concealed pipe excavation, etc., which not only occupy a large area, take a long time to complete the project, and have the disadvantages of slow drainage and salt removal, especially the root layer soil of clay severe saline-alkali land is easy to return to salt and waterlogging affects farming due to the shallow groundwater level, which has not been completely solved. Under the existing economic conditions and agricultural production conditions, in the severe saline-alkali soil layer 1, a trench 2 is excavated manually or mechanically, and a concealed pipe 6 with a water filter hole is buried below the groundwater level 4, and a filter material layer 5 is laid at the bottom and around the concealed pipe 6. Between two adjacent trenches 2, a dark hole 3 is excavated vertically, and the dark hole 3 is arranged on both sides of the trench 2 along the excavation direction of the trench 2. When the dark hole 3 is arranged, it avoids the top of the concealed pipe 6, and the depth of the dark hole 3 is below the groundwater level 4 and higher than the top of the concealed pipe 6. The soil excavated from the dark hole 3 is mixed with the gravel, coarse sand and straw powder collected in advance in a weight ratio of 10:4:1 to backfill the dark hole. The blind hole 3 is backfilled to 30cm-35cm from the ground surface, and the soil excavated from the blind hole 3 is used to backfill according to the soil bulk density before the blind hole is excavated. Through the combination of the blind hole 3 and the blind pipe 6, the existing problems of easy return of salt in the clayey heavy saline-alkali land with shallow groundwater level, long-term waterlogging of the root zone soil, poor desalination effect and affecting normal cultivation and seedling emergence are fundamentally solved, and the difficulty and cost of improving the heavy saline-alkali land are reduced.
[0031] Example 1
[0032] The soil structure of clayey saline-alkali soil improved based on concealed pipes includes, from bottom to top, a groundwater level 4 and a saline-alkali soil layer 1. A number of trenches 2 are excavated at intervals in the saline-alkali soil layer 1. The depths of the trenches 2 are below the groundwater level 4. Concealed pipes 6 are laid at the bottom of the trenches 2. The concealed pipes 6 are provided with water filtering holes. The concealed pipes are connected to a water collecting pipe 7. The concealed pipes 6 are filled with a filter material layer 5 around them. The top of the filter material layer 5 is lower than the groundwater level 4. A number of dark holes 3 are vertically excavated between two adjacent trenches 2. The top of the dark hole 3 is lower than the top of the saline-alkali soil layer 1. The depth of the dark hole 3 is below the groundwater level 4 and higher than the top of the dark pipe 6.
[0033] Example 2
[0034] The soil structure of clayey saline-alkali soil improved by concealed pipes includes, from bottom to top, a groundwater level 4 and a saline-alkali soil layer 1. Several trenches 2 are excavated at intervals in the saline-alkali soil layer 1. The depth of several trenches 2 is below the groundwater level 4. A concealed pipe 6 is laid at the bottom of the trench 2. The concealed pipe 6 is provided with a water filter hole. The concealed pipe is connected to a water collection pipe 7. The surroundings of the concealed pipe 6 are filled with a filter material layer 5. The top of the filter material layer 5 is lower than the groundwater level 4. Several dark holes 3 are vertically excavated between two adjacent trenches 2. The top of the dark hole 3 is lower than the top of the saline-alkali soil layer 1. The depth of the dark hole 3 is below the groundwater level 4 and higher than the top of the concealed pipe 6. The excavation interval between two adjacent trenches 2 is 40m, and the depth of the trench 2 is 1.6m. The filter material layer 5 includes excavated soil, pre-collected gravel, coarse sand and straw powder. The distance between the top of the filter material layer 5 and the top of the concealed pipe 6 is 15cm, and the distance between the bottom of the filter material layer 5 and the bottom of the concealed pipe 6 is 15cm.
[0035] The buried depth of the groundwater level 4 is 130 cm, the inner diameter of the concealed pipe 6 is 10 cm, the buried depth of the concealed pipe 6 is 145 cm, and the cross section of the concealed pipe 6 is circular. The buried spacing of the concealed pipe 6 is 40 m, and the longitudinal slope of the concealed pipe 6 is 0.1%. The diameter of the blind hole 3 is 0.4 m, the excavation spacing between adjacent blind holes 3 is 4 m, and the blind hole 3 is columnar.
[0036] Example 3
[0037] Based on the soil structure improvement of clay saline-alkali soil by underground pipes, a 900m2 area was selected in Bachu Town, Bachu County, Xinjiang. 2 The clayey and heavy saline-alkali land was applied, and 300m 2 The test plot and 300m 2 The untested plots (control) and 300m 2 The traditional underground pipe plots, three adjacent plots were irrigated at the same time, and the irrigation volume was 120m 3 The soil layers of the test plot, non-test plot and traditional underground pipe plot all include groundwater level 4 and saline-alkali soil layer 1 from bottom to top.
[0038] A number of trenches 2 are excavated at intervals in the saline-alkali soil layer 1 of the test plot, and the depths of the trenches 2 are below the groundwater level 4. A concealed pipe 6 is laid at the bottom of the trench 2, and a water filter hole is provided on the concealed pipe 6. The concealed pipe 6 is connected to a water collecting pipe 7. The concealed pipe 6 is filled with a filter material layer 5 around, and the top of the filter material layer 5 is lower than the groundwater level 4. A number of dark holes 3 are vertically excavated between two adjacent trenches 2, and the top of the dark hole 3 is lower than the top of the saline-alkali soil layer 1. The depth of the dark hole 3 is below the groundwater level 4 and higher than the top of the concealed pipe 6.
[0039] The excavation spacing of the trenches 2 of the test plot is 30m, and the depth of several trenches 2 is 1.7m. When the trenches 2 are excavated, the buried depth of the groundwater level 4 is 130cm. The filter layer 5 includes the excavated soil, the gravel, coarse sand and straw powder collected in advance. The distance between the top of the filter layer 5 and the top of the blind pipe 6 is 15cm, and the distance between the bottom of the filter layer 5 and the bottom of the blind pipe 6 is 15cm. The inner diameter of the blind pipe 6 is 35cm, the buried depth of the blind pipe 6 is 150cm, and the cross section of the blind pipe 6 is circular. The buried spacing of the blind pipe 6 is 30m, and the longitudinal slope of the blind pipe 6 is 0.2%. The diameter of the blind hole 3 is 0.4m, the blind hole 3 is columnar, and the excavation spacing between adjacent blind holes 3 is 2m. In addition, the soil layer of the untested plots was not treated; only concealed pipes were buried in the traditional concealed pipe plots, and the concealed pipes were buried according to the local commonly used burial spacing of 50m and the burial depth of the concealed pipes was 150cm.
[0040] The application effect of the soil structure improvement of clay saline-alkali soil based on concealed pipes in clay heavy saline-alkali land in Bachu Town, Bachu County, Xinjiang is shown in Table 1. After spring irrigation, the time required for all the accumulated water on the soil surface of the test plot to infiltrate was shortened by more than 50% compared with the untested plot. After all the surface water infiltrated after spring irrigation, all plots carried out spring ploughing in time. The day before spring ploughing, the soil salt samples of the 0-30cm tillage layer of the untested plot, the traditional concealed pipe plot and the test plot were collected and tested, and the soil salt content was 5.85, 4.31 and 2.81g / kg respectively; it shows that the drainage and desalination effect of the test plot is obvious and the time cost of improvement is effectively reduced, ensuring the normal progress of spring ploughing.
[0041] Table 1 Application effect
[0042]
Claims
1. Improving the soil structure of clayey saline-alkali soil based on concealed pipes, characterized in that: From bottom to top, it includes a groundwater level (4) and a saline-alkali soil layer (1). The saline-alkali soil layer (1) is excavated with a plurality of grooves (2) at intervals. The depths of the plurality of grooves (2) are below the groundwater level (4). A concealed pipe (6) is laid at the bottom of the groove (2). The concealed pipe (6) is provided with a water filter hole. The concealed pipe (6) is connected to a water collection pipe (7). The surroundings of the concealed pipe (6) are filled with a filter material layer (5). The top of the filter material layer (5) is lower than the groundwater level (4). A plurality of dark holes (3) are vertically excavated between two adjacent grooves (2). The top of the dark hole (3) is lower than the top of the saline-alkali soil layer (1). The depth of the dark hole (3) is below the groundwater level (4) and higher than the top of the concealed pipe (6). The excavation interval between two adjacent grooves (2) is 20m-50m, and the depth of the groove (2) is 1.4m-2m.
2. The soil structure based on concealed pipe improvement of clay saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the top of the concealed pipe (6) and the top of the filter material layer (5) is not less than 12 cm, and the distance between the bottom of the concealed pipe (6) and the bottom of the filter material layer (5) is not less than 12 cm.
3. The soil structure based on concealed pipe improvement of clayey saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the concealed pipe (6) is 10 cm-35 cm, the buried depth of the concealed pipe (6) is 100 cm-180 cm, and the cross section of the concealed pipe (6) is circular.
4. The soil structure based on concealed pipes to improve clay saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laying interval of the concealed pipe (6) is 20m-50m, and the longitudinal slope of the concealed pipe (6) is 0.1%-0.2%.
5. The soil structure based on concealed pipes to improve clayey saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the dark hole (3) is 0.3m-0.5m, the dark hole (3) is columnar, and the distance between two adjacent dark holes (3) is evenly arranged at 2m-5m.
6. The soil structure based on concealed pipes to improve clayey saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blind holes (3) are evenly arranged on both sides of the trench (2) along the excavation direction of the trench (2), and the blind holes (3) are arranged so as to avoid being directly above the blind pipes (6).