Heat dissipation structure for data center server

Abstract

The utility model discloses a heat dissipation structure for a data center server, which relates to the field of server heat dissipation, and is characterized in that the heat dissipation structure comprises a cross beam, a fan fixing assembly and a plurality of fan modules, the fan fixing assembly is fixedly connected with the cross beam, the fan fixing assembly comprises a fixing frame and a fixing beam, and the fixing frame is fixedly connected with the cross beam. The first fixing frame split body, the third fixing frame split body and the second fixing frame split body of the fixing frame jointly form a first sliding groove, and a first limiting block is further arranged at the bottom end of the first sliding groove. The first sliding groove and the first limiting block are integrally formed and are machined and formed through the sheet metal technology. A first fixed beam split body, a third fixed beam split body and a second fixed beam split body of the fixed beam jointly form a second sliding groove, and a second limiting block is further arranged at the bottom end of the second sliding groove; the second sliding groove and the second limiting block are integrally formed and are machined and formed through the sheet metal technology. The fan module is suitable for the hot-plug cooling fan, the machining process is simple, assembly is convenient and fast, and rapid disassembly, assembly and maintenance of the fan module can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of server heat dissipation, in particular to a heat dissipation structure for a data center server. Background Art

[0002] With the development of networking, data centers are more and more widely used in enterprises, and the installation density of server cabinets, which are the components of data centers, is increasing. At the same time, due to the improvement of server performance, the number of components and power consumption have increased sharply, resulting in large heat dissipation impedance, high heat flux density, and poor heat dissipation performance of the server, which seriously affects the performance of the cabinet and even causes thermal failure. In response to this phenomenon, multiple cooling fans are generally used in servers on the market to improve the effect of forced heat dissipation by airflow. The internal cooling fan is generally fixed in the server chassis by screws, which is inconvenient to disassemble and replace, and inflexible to use. At present, there are fans with hot-swappable functions on the market, which can quickly and conveniently replace fans through hot-swappable disassembly and assembly. However, the structural parts used to assemble hot-swappable fans on servers on the market have problems such as many parts, complex processing technology, and many assembly steps. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the first purpose of the utility model is to provide a heat dissipation structure for a data center server, which is characterized by being suitable for hot-swappable cooling fans, having a simple processing technology, convenient assembly, and enabling rapid disassembly, assembly, and maintenance of fan modules.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a heat dissipation structure for a data center server, comprising a crossbeam, a fan fixing assembly and a plurality of fan modules, wherein the fan fixing assembly is fixedly connected to the crossbeam, and the fan fixing assembly comprises a fixing frame and a fixing beam, wherein:

[0005] The fixing frame includes a first fixing frame split, a second fixing frame split and a third fixing frame split, the first fixing frame split, the third fixing frame split and the second fixing frame split together form a first slide groove, the first slide groove is used to guide the installation of the fan module; a first limit block is also provided at the bottom of the first slide groove to limit the installation position of the fan module; the first fixing frame split, the second fixing frame split and the third fixing frame split are integrally formed and are formed by sheet metal processing; the first slide groove and the first limit block are integrally formed and are formed by sheet metal processing;

[0006] The fixed beam comprises a first fixed beam split, a second fixed beam split and a third fixed beam split; the first fixed beam split, the third fixed beam split and the second fixed beam split together form a second slide slot, and the second slide slot is used to guide the installation of the fan module; a second limit block is also provided at the bottom of the second slide slot to limit the installation position of the fan module; the first fixed beam split, the second fixed beam split and the third fixed beam split are integrally formed and are formed by sheet metal processing; the second slide slot and the second limit block are integrally formed and are formed by sheet metal processing;

[0007] The fixing frame and the fixing beam are arranged opposite to each other, and the first slide slot and the second slide slot are arranged opposite to each other to accommodate the fan module; the fan module is detachably arranged on the crossbeam through the first slide slot and the second slide slot; the fan module includes a fan body and a fan casing.

[0008] Furthermore, a buckle is provided on the fan housing, and the buckle is matched and locked with a buckle groove on the fan fixing assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, an elastic cantilever beam is provided on the fan housing, and the buckle is fixedly provided on the elastic cantilever beam.

[0010] Furthermore, the elastic cantilever beam includes a free end and a fixed end, the fixed end is fixedly connected to the fan housing, the free end and the fixed end are arranged opposite to each other, and a curved elastic part is formed between the free end and the fixed end, and the bending direction of the curved elastic part is consistent with the movement direction when the buckle is disengaged from the buckle groove; a handle is provided on the elastic cantilever beam.

[0011] Furthermore, a first support is fixedly connected to the fan housing; the first support is used to fix the first electrical connector, and the first electrical connector is used to supply power to the fan body. The fan fixing assembly also includes a second support, and the second support is fixedly connected to the fixed beam or the fixed frame, and the first support is used to fix the second electrical connector; the second electrical connector is used to connect to the first electrical connector of the fan module, and supply power to the fan module through the first electrical connector.

[0012] Furthermore, the buckle groove for matching and locking with the buckle on the fan housing is arranged on the fixing frame and / or the fixing beam.

[0013] Furthermore, elastic protrusions are provided on the side surfaces of the fan housing, and the elastic protrusions are in contact with the fixing frame and / or the fixing beam.

[0014] Furthermore, a first elastic member is provided at the bottom of the fan housing, and a first elastic member is also provided on the fan housing, and the first elastic member conflicts with the first limiting block or the second limiting block.

[0015] Furthermore, the fixing frame and the fixing beam are both provided with a second elastic member, and the second elastic member is in contact with the fan body.

[0016] Another object of the utility model is to provide a server, wherein the heat dissipation structure thereof is suitable for hot-swappable heat dissipation fans, the processing technology is simple, the assembly is convenient, and the fan module can be quickly disassembled, assembled, and maintained.

[0017] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a server is provided with the above heat dissipation structure.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: compared with the traditional heat dissipation structure, the heat dissipation structure provided by the utility model is more reliable and convenient to install the fan module, which is conducive to eliminating installation gaps, reducing vibrations and reducing noise; it also has the advantages of simple processing technology, light weight and high strength of processed workpieces, and reduced production costs, which is conducive to improving production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a fan module of an embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing frame in a fan fixing assembly of an embodiment;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing beam in a fan fixing assembly of an embodiment;

[0023] Figure 5 An exploded view of the heat dissipation structure of the embodiment is shown;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural explosion diagram from another perspective for showing the heat dissipation structure of the embodiment.

[0025] Figure numerals: 1, beam; 11, second mounting hole; 2, fan module; 21, fan body; 211, first assembly hole; 212, first electrical connector; 22, fan housing; 221, second assembly hole; 222, buckle; 223, elastic cantilever beam; 2231, handle; 224, first support; 225, elastic convex point; 226, first elastic member; 3, fan fixing assembly; 31, buckle groove; 32, fixing frame; 321, first slide groove ; 3211, first fixed frame split; 3212, second fixed frame split; 3213, third fixed frame split; 322, first limit block; 33, fixed beam; 331, second slide groove; 3311, first fixed beam split; 3312, second fixed beam split; 3313, third fixed beam split; 332, second limit block; 34, first mounting hole; 35, second support; 351, notch; 36, second elastic member; 4, second electrical connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the utility model clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiment of the utility model described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to be protected, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "bottom" and "top", "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0029] Embodiment: A heat dissipation structure for a data center server, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes a crossbeam 1, a fan fixing assembly 3 and a plurality of fan modules 2. The fan fixing assembly 3 is fixedly disposed on the crossbeam 1. The plurality of fan modules 2 are arranged in an array and are detachably disposed on the crossbeam 1 through the fan fixing assembly 3.

[0030] A plurality of fan installation positions are arranged on the crossbeam 1 .

[0031] The fan module 2 includes a fan body 21 and a fan housing 22, and the fan body 21 is detachably connected to the fan housing 22. Figure 1 As shown, the fan body 21 is provided with a plurality of first assembly holes 211, and the fan housing 22 is provided with a second assembly hole 221. The fan body 21 and the fan housing 22 can be bolted together through the first assembly holes 211 and the second assembly holes 221, so that the fan body 21 and the fan housing 22 are fixedly connected.

[0032] The fan body 21 is externally connected to a first electrical connector 212 ; the first electrical connector 212 is used to supply power to the fan body 21 .

[0033] The fan housing 22 is provided with a buckle 222 , which is fixedly disposed on the elastic cantilever beam 223 and is matched and locked with the buckle groove 31 on the fan fixing assembly 3 .

[0034] The fan housing 22 is provided with an elastic cantilever beam 223, which includes a free end and a fixed end, wherein the fixed end is fixedly connected to the fan housing 22, the free end is arranged opposite to the fixed end, and a curved elastic portion is formed between the free end and the fixed end, and the bending direction of the curved elastic portion is consistent with the movement direction when the buckle 222 is separated from the buckle groove 31. A handle 2231 is also provided on the elastic cantilever beam 223.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, when no elastic deformation occurs, the direction of the fixed end of the elastic cantilever beam 223 relative to the free end is consistent with or close to the movement direction of the fan housing 22 when it is separated from the fan fixing assembly 3. It is easy for those skilled in the art to think that it can also be set that when no elastic deformation occurs, the direction of the fixed end of the elastic cantilever beam relative to the free end is consistent with or close to the movement direction of the fan housing when it is inserted into the fan fixing assembly.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, elastic cantilever beams 223 are respectively provided on both sides of the fan housing 22. It is easy for those skilled in the art to imagine that elastic cantilever beams may also be provided on only one side / three sides / four sides of the fan housing.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the handle 2231 is fixedly disposed on the free end of the elastic cantilever beam 223 to facilitate users to disassemble the fan module 2 .

[0038] A first support 224 is fixedly connected to the fan housing 22. The first support 224 is used to fix the first electrical connector 212;

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, each of the above-mentioned fan modules 2 corresponds to a set of fan fixing components 3, and each set of fan fixing components 3 at least includes a fixing frame 32 and a fixing beam 33, and the above-mentioned fixing frame 32 and the fixing beam 33 are respectively fixed on both sides of the above-mentioned fan installation position.

[0040] The fixing frame 32 includes a first fixing frame split body 3211, a second fixing frame split body 3212 and a third fixing frame split body 3213. The first fixing frame split body 3211 and the third fixing frame split body 3213 are respectively fixedly arranged on both sides of the second fixing frame split body 3212. The first fixing frame split body 3211, the third fixing frame split body 3213 and the second fixing frame split body 3212 jointly form a first slide groove 321. The first slide groove 321 is used to guide the installation of the fan module 2. The first slide groove 321 is U-shaped. A first limit block 322 is also arranged at the bottom end of the first slide groove 321 to limit the installation position of the fan module 2.

[0041] The third fixing frame split body 3213 is provided with a first mounting hole 34 for achieving a fixed connection between the fixing frame 32 and the beam 1 .

[0042] Preferably, the first fixing frame split body 3211, the second fixing frame split body 3212 and the third fixing frame split body 3213 used to form the first slide groove 321 are integrally formed. In a specific embodiment, the first slide groove can be formed by sheet metal processing.

[0043] Preferably, the first slide groove 321 and the first limit block 322 are integrally formed. In a specific embodiment, the first slide groove and the first limit block can be formed by sheet metal processing.

[0044] The above-mentioned fixed beam 33 includes a first fixed beam split 3311, a second fixed beam split 3312 and a third fixed beam split 3313; the above-mentioned first fixed beam split 3311 and the third fixed beam split 3313 are respectively fixedly arranged on both sides of the above-mentioned second fixed beam split 3312, and the first fixed beam split 3311, the third fixed beam split 3313 and the above-mentioned second fixed beam split 3312 jointly form a second slide groove 331, and the above-mentioned second slide groove 331 is used to guide the installation of the above-mentioned fan module 2; a second limit block 332 is also arranged at the bottom end of the second slide groove 331, which is used to limit the installation position of the fan module 2.

[0045] The third fixed beam body 3313 is provided with a first mounting hole 34 for achieving a fixed connection between the fixed beam 33 and the cross beam 1 .

[0046] Preferably, the first fixed beam split 3311, the second fixed beam split 3312 and the third fixed beam split 3313 used to form the second slide groove 331 are integrally formed. In a specific embodiment, the second slide groove can be formed by sheet metal processing.

[0047] Preferably, the second slide groove 331 and the second limit block 332 are integrally formed. In a specific embodiment, the second slide groove and the second limit block can be formed by sheet metal processing.

[0048] The buckle groove 31 for matching and locking with the buckle 222 on the fan housing 22 is provided on the fixing frame 32 and / or the fixing beam 33. In a specific embodiment, a buckle groove is provided at a position corresponding to the buckle of the fan housing on the second fixing frame split body of the fixing frame and / or the second fixing beam split body of the fixing beam.

[0049] The above-mentioned fixing frame 32 and the above-mentioned fixing beam 33 are arranged opposite to each other. Specifically, the above-mentioned first slide groove 321 and the above-mentioned second slide groove 331 are arranged opposite to each other to accommodate the above-mentioned fan module 2; the above-mentioned fan module 2 is detachably / pluggably arranged on the above-mentioned beam 1 through the above-mentioned first slide groove 321 and the above-mentioned second slide groove 331.

[0050] Specifically, the fan fixing assembly 3 further includes a second support 35, which is fixedly connected to the fixing beam 33 or the fixing frame 32, and the first support 224 is used to fix the second electrical connector 4; the second electrical connector 4 is used to connect to the first electrical connector 212 of the fan module 2, and to supply power to the fan module 2 through the first electrical connector 212. Specifically, a notch 351 is provided on the second support 35, and the notch 351 is used to fix the second electrical connector 4 of the fan module 2.

[0051] Preferably, the second support 35 is integrally formed with the fixing beam 33 or the fixing frame 32 of the fan fixing assembly 3 , and in a specific embodiment, can be formed by sheet metal processing.

[0052] The fan fixing assembly 3 is fixedly arranged on the crossbeam 1. In a specific embodiment, the fixing frame 32 and the fixing beam 33 are both provided with a first mounting hole 34, and each fan mounting position on the crossbeam 1 is provided with two groups of left and right second mounting holes 11, and the first mounting holes 34 are aligned with the second mounting holes 11, and the fan fixing assembly 3 is riveted to the crossbeam 1 through the first mounting holes 34 and the second mounting holes 11.

[0053] Preferably, the fan body 21 is also provided with a plurality of second assembly holes 221, the second assembly hole 221 on the left side is aligned with the first mounting hole 34 of the fixing frame 32 and the second mounting hole 11 on the left side of the fan mounting position, and the second assembly hole 221 on the right side is aligned with the first mounting hole 34 of the fixing beam 33 and the second mounting hole 11 on the right side of the fan mounting position. After the fan module 2 is plugged into the fan fixing assembly 3, bolt connection can be achieved through the second assembly holes 221, the first mounting hole 34 and the second mounting hole 11, thereby reinforcing the connection between the fan body 21, the fan fixing assembly 3 and the crossbeam 1.

[0054] Preferably, the side of the fan housing 22 is provided with an elastic protrusion 225, and the elastic protrusion 225 conflicts with the fixing frame 32 and / or the fixing beam 33. In a specific embodiment, the elastic protrusion is arranged on the left side and / or the right side of the fan housing, and conflicts with the second fixing frame split of the adjacent fixing frame and / or the second fixing beam split of the fixing beam, and the shape of the elastic protrusion can be hemispherical. The elastic protrusion is used to eliminate the gap between the fan module and the fan fixing assembly, thereby reducing vibration and noise.

[0055] Preferably, the fan housing 22 is further provided with a first elastic member 226, and the first elastic member 226 abuts against the first limit block 322 or the second limit block 332. Specifically, the compression direction of the first elastic member 226 is consistent with the pressing direction of the buckle 222 relative to the buckle groove 31. In a specific embodiment, the first elastic member is arranged at the bottom of the fan housing, abuts against the first limit block or the second limit block 332, and the shape of the first elastic member can be arc-shaped. The first elastic member is used to eliminate the gap between the fan module and the fan fixing assembly, thereby reducing vibration and noise.

[0056] Preferably, the fixing frame 32 and the fixing beam 33 are both provided with a second elastic member 36, and the second elastic member 36 contacts the fan body 21. In a specific embodiment, the second elastic member is respectively provided on the first fixing frame split and the first fixing beam split, and contacts the fan body, and the second elastic member can be a protruding strip structure. The second elastic member is used to eliminate the gap between the fixing frame and the fixing beam of the fan module, thereby reducing vibration and noise.

[0057] like Figure 5-6As shown, the elastic protrusion 225 abuts against the fixing frame 32 and / or the fixing beam 33, which can eliminate the gap between the fan module 2 and the fan fixing assembly 3 in the left-right direction; the first elastic member 226 abuts against the first limit block 322 or the second limit block 332, which can eliminate the gap between the fan module 2 and the fan fixing assembly 3 in the up-down direction; the second elastic member 36 abuts against the fan body 21, which can eliminate the gap between the fan module 2 and the fan fixing assembly 3 in the front-back direction. Therefore, when installing the fan module 2, the cooperation of the three can better reduce vibration and noise.

[0058] The above-mentioned sheet metal processing and forming has the advantages of light workpiece weight, high strength, saving metal materials, simple processing technology, reducing production costs, and saving production expenses.

[0059] The installation method of the fan module of this embodiment is as follows: insert the fan module into the slide groove formed by the fixing frame and the fixing beam, push it downward, and when it approaches the bottom of the fan fixing assembly, the first electrical connector on the fan module is docked with the second electrical connector on the fan fixing assembly; when pushing down further, the first elastic member of the fan module contacts the bottom right-angle edge of the fixing frame and the fixing beam, and it cannot be pushed down further; at this time, the first electrical connector and the second electrical connector are completely docked and connected. At the same time, due to the inward deformation of the elastic handle, the buckle on it shrinks inward. When the fan module is pushed forward, when the buckle completely passes through the buckle groove, the elastic handle will return to its original state, and the buckle will be locked together with the buckle groove. In addition, there is a first elastic member at the bottom of the fan module, which can eliminate the vertical installation gap, so that the fan module installation buckle is more secure, while reducing vibration and noise. There are elastic protrusions on both sides of the fan module to eliminate the installation gap in the left and right directions; at the same time, the fixing frame and the fixing beam are both provided with a second elastic member to eliminate the installation gap in the front and rear directions. The elimination of these installation gaps is conducive to reducing vibration and noise.

[0060] The disassembly method of the fan module of this embodiment is as follows: the free end of the elastic cantilever beam is deformed by external force through the handle, and the buckle also shrinks inward, so that the buckle is completely separated from the buckle groove; then the fan module is lifted up, and the second electrical connector is also separated from the connector. The fan module is continued to be lifted up, and the fan module can be removed, so that the fan module can be removed by hot plugging.

[0061] Since the heat dissipation structure of this embodiment can be installed and disassembled quickly and conveniently, it can be adapted to a data center server heat dissipation fan with a hot-swap function.

[0062] In summary, compared with the traditional heat dissipation structure, the heat dissipation structure provided by the utility model is more reliable and convenient to install the fan module, which is conducive to eliminating installation gaps, reducing vibrations, and reducing noise; it also has the advantages of simple processing technology, light weight and high strength of processed workpieces, and reduced production costs, which is conducive to improving production efficiency. It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model and are not limiting. Although the utility model is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that the technical solution of the utility model can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the utility model, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the utility model.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation structure for a data center server, comprising a crossbeam, a fan fixing assembly and a plurality of fan modules, characterized in that: The fan fixing assembly is fixedly connected to the cross beam, and the fan fixing assembly includes a fixing frame and a fixing beam, wherein: The fixing frame includes a first fixing frame split, a second fixing frame split and a third fixing frame split, the first fixing frame split, the third fixing frame split and the second fixing frame split together form a first slide groove, the first slide groove is used to guide the installation of the fan module; a first limit block is also provided at the bottom of the first slide groove to limit the installation position of the fan module; the first fixing frame split, the second fixing frame split and the third fixing frame split are integrally formed and are formed by sheet metal processing; the first slide groove and the first limit block are integrally formed and are formed by sheet metal processing; The fixed beam comprises a first fixed beam split, a second fixed beam split and a third fixed beam split; the first fixed beam split, the third fixed beam split and the second fixed beam split together form a second slide slot, and the second slide slot is used to guide the installation of the fan module; a second limit block is also provided at the bottom of the second slide slot to limit the installation position of the fan module; the first fixed beam split, the second fixed beam split and the third fixed beam split are integrally formed and are formed by sheet metal processing; the second slide slot and the second limit block are integrally formed and are formed by sheet metal processing; The fixing frame and the fixing beam are arranged opposite to each other, and the first slide slot and the second slide slot are arranged opposite to each other to accommodate the fan module; the fan module is detachably arranged on the crossbeam through the first slide slot and the second slide slot; the fan module includes a fan body and a fan casing.

2. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan housing is provided with a buckle, and the buckle is matched and locked with a buckle groove on the fan fixing assembly.

3. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: An elastic cantilever beam is arranged on the fan housing, and the buckle is fixedly arranged on the elastic cantilever beam.

4. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elastic cantilever beam includes a free end and a fixed end, the fixed end is fixedly connected to the fan housing, the free end and the fixed end are arranged opposite to each other, and a curved elastic part is formed between the free end and the fixed end, and the bending direction of the curved elastic part is consistent with the movement direction when the buckle is disengaged from the buckle groove; a handle is arranged on the elastic cantilever beam.

5. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first support is fixedly connected to the fan housing; the first support is used to fix a first electrical connector, and the first electrical connector is used to supply power to the fan body. The fan fixing assembly also includes a second support, and the second support is fixedly connected to the fixed beam or the fixed frame, and the first support is used to fix the second electrical connector; the second electrical connector is used to connect to the first electrical connector of the fan module, and supply power to the fan module through the first electrical connector.

6. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The buckle slot is arranged on the fixing frame and / or the fixing beam.

7. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The side surface of the fan housing is provided with elastic protrusions, and the elastic protrusions are in conflict with the fixing frame and / or the fixing beam.

8. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fan housing is also provided with a first elastic member, and the first elastic member is in conflict with the first limiting block or the second limiting block.

9. The heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing frame and the fixing beam are both provided with a second elastic member, and the second elastic member abuts against the fan body.

10. A server, characterized in that: A heat dissipation structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is provided.

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