A hydrogen storage device, a fuel cell hydrogen supply system for a ship, and a fuel cell system

Abstract

The utility model provides a hydrogen storage device, a fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships and a fuel cell system. The hydrogen storage device includes a hydrogen storage tank filled with solid hydrogen storage materials. A heating film is vertically arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, and the heating film is distributed in a petal-type manner. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships includes a hydrogen storage device, a filter device and a flow monitoring device. The outlet of the hydrogen storage device is connected to the hydrogen using device through the filter device; the flow monitoring device includes a control unit, a pipeline flow valve, a pressure detection unit and a temperature detection unit. The pressure detection unit, the temperature detection unit and the pipeline flow valve are arranged on the pipeline between the filter device and the hydrogen using device, and the pipeline flow valve, the pressure detection unit and the temperature detection unit are respectively connected to the control unit for communication. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships can provide stable, controllable and high-purity hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cells, meeting the continuous demand for hydrogen by ship hydrogen fuel cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a fuel cell hydrogen supply technology, in particular to a hydrogen storage device, a fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships and a fuel cell system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern countries, energy consumption has increased dramatically, and environmental problems such as global warming and pollutant emissions have become increasingly serious. Most ships use diesel engines as their power source, causing a lot of air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. Electric ships have abandoned the diesel engines and generators of traditional ships that are highly polluting and noisy, and use batteries as the power source of ships. While meeting the power requirements of ships, they have the characteristics of low energy consumption, low emissions and low noise, and have become an important direction for ship development in recent years.

[0003] As a power device to optimize my country's energy structure and improve energy security, hydrogen fuel cells are pollution-free, low-noise, and highly efficient. With the continuous improvement of ship pollutant emission standards, the application of hydrogen fuel cells in the shipbuilding industry will become more and more extensive, and the system that provides hydrogen energy for hydrogen fuel cells will become more important. At present, marine hydrogen fuel cell systems mainly use 35MPa high-pressure hydrogen cylinders to store and supply hydrogen. On the one hand, the high-pressure gas cylinder has limited hydrogen storage capacity and occupies a large space, which is not conducive to the application and promotion of high-power hydrogen fuel cell ships; on the other hand, due to the high hydrogen pressure, the joints, valves and other connection parts of the high-pressure hydrogen supply pipeline are prone to hydrogen micro-leakage, which is difficult to accept and solve for ship scenarios with extremely high safety and control requirements.

[0004] In addition, existing hydrogen storage devices are usually horizontal, with heating films and hydrogen storage materials stacked layer by layer, which makes adding and discharging materials difficult; and the unreasonable setting of the heating film leads to uneven heating, which greatly limits the hydrogen storage and degassing efficiency of the hydrogen storage device. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to propose a hydrogen storage device to address the problems of difficulty in adding and discharging materials and uneven heating in existing horizontal hydrogen storage devices. The hydrogen storage device adopts a vertical structure to facilitate the charging and discharging of hydrogen storage materials. The petal structure of the heating membrane can make the heating area of ​​the entire hydrogen storage tank more uniform, and the heating can be controlled in different zones, which effectively improves the hydrogen storage and discharge efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a hydrogen storage device, including a hydrogen storage tank filled with solid hydrogen storage material, a heating film is vertically arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, and the heating film is distributed in a petal manner.

[0007] Furthermore, the heating film is a carbon nano heating film, which is a flexible material and can be planarly bonded to the solid hydrogen storage material, thereby facilitating the heating of the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0008] Furthermore, the heating film is evenly and vertically arranged inside the tank body in a petal-like manner with an angle of 10° to 20°.

[0009] Furthermore, the heating film is fixed on a metal frame, and the metal frame is detachably fixed to a pipe column in the hydrogen storage tank, and the detachable fixing includes but is not limited to bolt connection.

[0010] Furthermore, the heating film is multi-layered, and the multi-layer heating film is respectively arranged at different radii in the hydrogen storage tank. The multi-layer heating film can heat the solid hydrogen storage material located at different radii.

[0011] Furthermore, a discharge pipeline is provided at the top of the hydrogen storage tank, and a high-point discharge valve is provided in the discharge pipeline. When the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is too high, the high-point discharge valve can be adjusted to complete the high-point discharge.

[0012] Furthermore, a hydrogen inlet is provided at the bottom of the hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen inlet is a sleeve, one flow channel of which is for a normal hydrogen source, and the other flow channel is for low-temperature hydrogen.

[0013] Furthermore, a cooling device is provided at the lower part of the hydrogen storage tank, and the cooling medium inlet of the cooling device is connected to the cold hydrogen storage tank, and the cooling medium outlet of the cooling device is connected to the transfer hydrogen storage tank through an air compressor. The outlet of the transfer hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen using device. The cooling device uses cold hydrogen to replace the high temperature in the hydrogen storage tank. When the hydrogen storage tank exceeds the set temperature during the hydrogen absorption process, the cold hydrogen tank valve is opened, and hydrogen enters the cooling device pipeline to cool the material in the hydrogen storage tank. After the cooling reaches the set temperature, the cold hydrogen tank valve is closed to end the cooling and cooling. The cold hydrogen that has completed the temperature replacement is collected in the transfer hydrogen storage tank through the air compressor. When the hydrogen absorption work is started again, the hydrogen using device can be directly entered from the transfer hydrogen storage tank. The transfer hydrogen storage tank is a collection tank at the user end. The pressure of the transfer hydrogen storage tank can be higher than that of the hydrogen using device, which is much lower than the pressure of the high-pressure gas cylinder (35Mpa), thereby reducing the risk of high-pressure storage.

[0014] Furthermore, a bottom support plate is provided at the bottom of the hydrogen storage tank, and a heat-insulating material is filled under the bottom support plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom support plate includes an upper bottom support plate and a lower bottom support plate, the upper bottom support plate is used to support hydrogen storage materials, and the lower bottom support plate is used to support two circles of hydrogen pipelines; the cavity under the lower bottom support plate is used for wiring and is filled with insulation material to isolate the temperature of the upper part of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage material is a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material, including but not limited to MgH2.

[0017] Another purpose of the utility model is to disclose a fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships, which can provide stable, controllable, high-purity hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cells, and can solve the continuous demand for hydrogen by ship hydrogen fuel cells. At the same time, the hydrogen storage pressure of the hydrogen supply system is low (the hydrogen pressure is controlled below 1.5MPa), the safety is high, the hydrogen storage density is high, and the storage capacity is large, which fundamentally avoids the problem that the current hydrogen fuel cell ships carry limited hydrogen, the safety and reliability of high-pressure hydrogen cylinders are poor, and there is a risk of hydrogen leakage. The utility model fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships meets the safety and controllability requirements of the hydrogen supply system for ship application scenarios.

[0018] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships, comprising a hydrogen storage device, a filtering device and a flow monitoring device, wherein the outlet of the hydrogen storage device is connected to the hydrogen using device through the filtering device; the flow monitoring device comprises a control unit, a pipeline flow valve, a pressure detection unit and a temperature detection unit, wherein the pressure detection unit, the temperature detection unit and the pipeline flow valve are arranged on the pipeline between the filtering device and the hydrogen using device (such as a fuel cell stack), and the pipeline flow valve, the pressure detection unit and the temperature detection unit are respectively communicatively connected to the control unit.

[0019] Furthermore, the filtering device is a filter tube provided with a filter screen, and the filter screen is a stainless steel metal porous membrane, which can effectively filter the discharged hydrogen and prevent the hydrogen output from the hydrogen storage tank from bringing out the hydrogen storage material and catalyst during the release process.

[0020] Another purpose of the utility model is to disclose a fuel cell system for a ship, which can meet the convenience requirements of ship power supply.

[0021] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a fuel cell system for a ship, including the above-mentioned fuel cell hydrogen supply system for a ship and a fuel cell stack, and the hydrogen outlet of the flow monitoring device is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the utility model of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system and fuel cell system for ships has the following advantages:

[0023] 1) The heating film of the hydrogen storage device of the utility model is vertically arranged inside the tank body and is distributed in a petal-like manner. The petal-like structure can make the heating area of ​​the entire hydrogen storage tank more uniform, and divide the hydrogen storage material into regions. It can be heated in sections and regions according to the required hydrogen amount to control the amount of hydrogen released. The heating film is multi-layered, and the multi-layer heating film is respectively arranged at different radii in the hydrogen storage tank to heat the solid hydrogen storage material at different radii to achieve uniform heating of the solid hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage device of the utility model adopts a carbon nano heating film to heat the solid hydrogen storage material, which has uniform heat generation and high electric heat conversion efficiency. It can perfectly fit the solid hydrogen storage material and reduce the heat conduction distance.

[0024] 2) The hydrogen storage device of the utility model is filled with solid hydrogen storage materials, which can achieve a continuous and controllable supply of high-purity hydrogen.

[0025] 3) The utility model ship fuel cell hydrogen supply system can provide stable, controllable, high-purity hydrogen for the fuel cell, solving the problem of the difficulty in carrying electricity on ships. The hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage device can be recycled and can absorb and release hydrogen more than 1,000 times, effectively improving the system efficiency.

[0026] 4) The setting of the filter device of the utility model can prevent the system hydrogen storage materials and catalysts from being released along with the hydrogen, thereby improving the purity of the system hydrogen and preventing the loss of hydrogen storage materials and catalysts.

[0027] 5) The flow monitoring system of the utility model is arranged at the end of the hydrogen discharge pipeline, which can adjust the size of the hydrogen flow in real time, and can also monitor the pressure and temperature of the gas, and provide system parameters for the control system.

[0028] In summary, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships of the utility model can provide a stable and reliable energy supply for hydrogen fuel cells, solve the continuous demand for hydrogen by ship hydrogen fuel cells, and at the same time meet the convenience of ship use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen storage device;

[0030] Figure 2 Layout diagram of heating membrane for hydrogen storage device;

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships.

[0032] Among them: 1-heating film; 2-hydrogen storage tank; 3-high point discharge valve; 4-filtering device; 5-flow monitoring device; 6-check valve; 7-cooling device; 8-hydrogen pipeline; 9-upper bottom support plate; 10-lower bottom support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described below with reference to the embodiments:

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment discloses a hydrogen storage device such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a hydrogen storage tank 2 filled with solid hydrogen storage material, and a heating film 1 is evenly and vertically arranged in the hydrogen storage tank 2 in a petal-type, and the heating film 1 is a carbon nano heating film, which is a flexible material and can fit the solid hydrogen storage material in a planar manner, which is beneficial to the heating of the solid hydrogen storage material. This embodiment fully considers the radius of the hydrogen storage tank and the effective heating distance of the heating film, and arranges two layers of heating films 1, and the two layers of heating films 1 are respectively arranged at different radii in the hydrogen storage tank 2. The inner layer (inner circle) heating film is 18 pieces, arranged at 20°, and the outer layer (outer circle) heating film is 36 pieces, arranged at 10°. The outer circle heating film is fixed on the tank wall flat steel, and the inner circle heating film is fixed on the inner circle flat steel. Specifically, the bottom of the inner circle flat steel is spot welded on the bottom support plate, and an inner ring is arranged on the top of the inner circle flat steel, and the inner circle heating film is fixed on the inner ring.

[0036] The hydrogen storage tank 2 is provided with a hydrogen outlet at the top and a hydrogen inlet at the bottom. The hydrogen outlet is connected to the discharge pipeline, and a high-point discharge valve (safety valve) is provided in the discharge pipeline. When the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is too high, the high-point discharge valve can be adjusted to complete the high-point discharge. In order to minimize the pipeline setting and to meet the uniform release of hydrogen as much as possible, the hydrogen inlet adopts a sleeve method for pipeline design. In this embodiment, normal hydrogen flows in the sleeve gap, and low-temperature hydrogen flows in the innermost side of the sleeve. Normal hydrogen and low-temperature hydrogen can also be interchanged. The two sleeve inlet flanges S1 and S2 are respectively connected to two circles of hydrogen pipelines 8.

[0037] Two layers of bottom support plates are provided at the bottom of the hydrogen storage tank 2, and the upper bottom support plate 9 is used to support the entire tank of solid hydrogen storage material. The lower bottom support plate 10 is used to support two circles of hydrogen pipelines 8, and the hydrogen pipelines 8 are first fixed on the angle steel, and the angle steel is welded to the lower bottom support plate 10. The two circles of hydrogen pipelines 8 supply hydrogen to the hydrogen storage material. The cavity below the lower bottom support plate 10 is used for wiring (the power line and temperature measurement line of the heating film are extended from the support plate to the bottom head of the hydrogen storage tank), and the cavity is filled with insulation material to isolate the temperature of the upper part of the hydrogen storage tank 2.

[0038] A cooling device 7 is provided at the lower part of the hydrogen storage tank 2, and the setting of the cooling device 7 can prevent the temperature from rising inside the hydrogen storage tank. The cooling device 7 of this embodiment is any one of the two circles of hydrogen pipelines 8, and the cooling medium inlet of the cooling device 7 is connected to the cold hydrogen storage tank, and the cooling medium outlet of the cooling device is connected to the transfer hydrogen storage tank through an air compressor. The outlet of the transfer hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen using device. The cooling device uses cold hydrogen to replace the high temperature in the hydrogen storage tank, and the cold hydrogen therein only appears as a heat exchange medium and will not be stored in the hydrogen storage material. When the hydrogen storage tank exceeds the set temperature during the hydrogen absorption process, the cold hydrogen tank valve is opened, and hydrogen enters the cooling device pipeline to cool the material in the hydrogen storage tank. After the cooling reaches the set temperature, the cold hydrogen tank valve is closed to end the cooling and cooling. The cold hydrogen that has completed the temperature replacement is collected in the transfer hydrogen storage tank through the air compressor. When the hydrogen absorption work is started again, the hydrogen using device can be directly entered from the transfer hydrogen storage tank. The transit hydrogen storage tank is a collection tank at the user end. The pressure of the transit hydrogen storage tank only needs to be higher than that of the hydrogen-using device, which is much lower than the pressure of the high-pressure gas cylinder (35Mpa), thereby reducing the risk of high-pressure storage.

[0039] The hydrogen storage tank 2 is filled with a solid hydrogen storage material, which is a magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material MgH2. After the structure of the hydrogen storage tank 2 is manufactured, the solid hydrogen storage material is loaded from the loading port on the top of the hydrogen storage tank. After loading, the entire hydrogen storage tank body is vibrated to increase the packing density of the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This embodiment discloses a fuel cell hydrogen supply system for ships. Figure 3 As shown, it includes the hydrogen storage device, filtering device 4 and flow monitoring device 5 described in Example 1, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage device is connected to the hydrogen using device through the filtering device; the flow monitoring device includes a control unit, a pipeline flow valve, a pressure detection unit and a temperature detection unit, and the pressure detection unit, the temperature detection unit and the pipeline flow valve are arranged on the pipeline between the filtering device and the hydrogen using device (such as a fuel cell stack), and the pipeline flow valve, the pressure detection unit and the temperature detection unit are respectively communicated with the control unit.

[0042] The filtering device is a filter tube provided with a filter screen, and the filter screen is a stainless steel metal porous membrane. The hydrogen output by the hydrogen storage tank 2 is filtered through the filtering device 4 to remove the solid hydrogen storage material and magnesium hydride catalyst entrained in the hydrogen release process.

[0043] The hydrogen passes through the filter device 4 and enters the flow monitoring device 5. PI is pressure detection, TI is temperature detection, and the FIC (control unit) performs PID control based on the pressure and temperature detection data, thereby controlling the pipeline flow valve FV.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] This embodiment provides a fuel cell system for a ship, comprising the fuel cell hydrogen supply system and fuel cell stack described in Embodiment 2, wherein the hydrogen outlet of the filter device of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system for a ship is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack through a flow monitoring device 5 and a one-way valve 6.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the utility model.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hydrogen storage tank filled with solid hydrogen storage material, wherein a heating film is vertically arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, and the heating film is distributed in a petal-type manner.

2. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating film is a carbon nano heating film.

3. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating film is multi-layered, and the multi-layer heating film is respectively arranged at different radii in the hydrogen storage tank; And / or, the heating films are arranged at intervals of 10° to 20°.

4. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A discharge pipeline is arranged on the top of the hydrogen storage tank, and a high-point discharge valve is arranged in the discharge pipeline.

5. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrogen inlet is provided at the bottom of the hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen inlet is a sleeve.

6. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cooling device is provided at the lower part of the hydrogen storage tank, a cooling medium inlet of the cooling device is connected to the cold hydrogen storage tank, and a cooling medium outlet of the cooling device is connected to the transfer hydrogen storage tank through an air compressor.

7. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bottom support plate is provided at the bottom of the hydrogen storage tank, and a heat-insulating material is filled under the bottom support plate.

8. A fuel cell hydrogen supply system for a ship, characterized in that: It comprises the hydrogen storage device, filtering device and flow monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the outlet of the hydrogen storage device is connected to the hydrogen using device through the filtering device; the flow monitoring device comprises a control unit, a pipeline flow valve, a pressure detection unit and a temperature detection unit, and the pressure detection unit, the temperature detection unit and the pipeline flow valve are arranged on the pipeline between the filtering device and the hydrogen using device, and the pipeline flow valve, the pressure detection unit and the temperature detection unit are respectively communicatively connected to the control unit.

9. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system for a ship according to claim 8, characterized in that: The filtering device is a filter tube provided with a filter screen, and the filter screen is a stainless steel metal porous membrane.

10. A fuel cell system for a ship, characterized in that: It comprises the fuel cell hydrogen supply system and fuel cell stack for ships as described in claim 8 or 9, wherein the hydrogen outlet of the filtering device is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack after passing through the flow monitoring device.

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