Mutational force experiment device

Abstract

The utility model provides a sudden change force experiment device. The sudden change force experiment device comprises an experiment panel, a tension sensor, a circuit board and an experimental model are loaded on the experimental panel; the tension sensor is connected with the circuit board; and the tension sensor is connected with the specific experimental model. The experimental model comprises a fastener, a string, a steel ball, a light spring and a hook; one end of the light spring is connected with the steel ball, and the other end is connected with the hook; and the string passes through a central through hole of the steel ball, one end of the string is connected with the light spring, and the other end of the string is fixed on the surface of the experiment panel through a fastener. The device has the advantages that the sudden change process of the tension in a physical system can be dynamically and accurately displayed in real time, and a change curve of the tension along with time is drawn. An operable experimental device is formed by sudden change force scenes related to middle school physics, and experimental results are visualized. Students can understand the abstract problem, and teaching is more visual and easy to understand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of middle school physics teaching aids, in particular to a sudden force experimental device. Background Art

[0002] Mutation force problems are an important topic in the force and motion section of high school physics. Since the physical process involved in mutation force is highly abstract and divorced from real life, the traditional teaching method cannot solve the confusion and myths of some students. For such typical and abstract physical problems, it is necessary to carry out experimental demonstration or experimental inquiry teaching to deepen students' understanding through specific perception and inquiry. In the existing technology, mechanical experimental teaching aids mainly use spring dynamometers to measure the force of objects. In the Chinese utility model patent with announcement number CN209912282U, a force measuring device for physical experiments is designed. The spring dynamometer is used to measure the magnitude of the force. It has the advantages of economy and convenience, but it cannot meet the high sensitivity and real-time performance required for measuring mutation force. Commercial mechanical sensors are expensive and only have digital display functions. They can display the magnitude of the measured force under steady-state conditions, but cannot display the dynamic change process. In the 2nd issue of Volume 43 of the Physics Teachers Journal in 2022, a paper titled "Exploring whether the elastic force of light springs and light ropes changes suddenly based on mobile phone sensors" takes the classic mutation problem of light ropes and light springs as the research object, and uses the mobile phone video function for low-speed playback to conduct experimental research. It can visualize the cutting moment, but cannot display the dynamic changes of tension in real time. Utility Model Content

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a sudden force experimental device in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, so as to solve the difficulty that the prior art cannot dynamically display the change of force, and can help students better observe and understand the sudden change process of force.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0005] A mutation force experimental device, comprising an experimental panel;

[0006] The experimental panel is loaded with a tension sensor, a circuit board and an experimental model;

[0007] The tension sensor is connected to the circuit board;

[0008] The tension sensor is connected to the experimental model;

[0009] The experimental model comprises a fastener, a thin rope, a steel ball, a light spring and a hook;

[0010] One end of the light spring is connected to a steel ball, and the other end is connected to a hook;

[0011] The thin rope passes through the central hole of the steel ball, one end of which is connected to the light spring, and the other end is fixed to the surface of the experimental panel by a fastener.

[0012] The tension sensor is fixed on the surface of the experimental panel by means of locking screws.

[0013] The circuit board comprises an AD converter, a single-chip minimum system, a serial port display screen, and an RS232 / USB converter.

[0014] The AD converter is respectively connected with the single-chip computer minimum system, the serial port display screen and the RS232 / USB converter.

[0015] The utility model device also comprises a bottom base, and the front and back sides of the experimental panel are fixed on the bottom base through angle irons and screws.

[0016] The bottom base includes a level (for ensuring the base is level) and the test panel remains vertical.

[0017] The experimental panel takes the center position of the hook as the center of the circle and the horizontal direction as the baseline, and evenly draws angle lines to facilitate angle measurement during the experiment.

[0018] The fastener is connected to the interrupt pin of the single-chip microcomputer minimum system, and the opening and closing of the fastener triggers the AD converter to collect tension data.

[0019] The tension sensor is a commercial tension sensor, which includes a tension sensing module and a sensor circuit chip.

[0020] The sensor circuit chip adopts hx711.

[0021] The utility model also includes a host computer;

[0022] Preferably, the single-chip minimum system sends the signal of the tension sensor to a serial port display screen or to a host computer via an RS232 / USB converter, displays the tension change curve in real time, and automatically saves the data.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0024] (1) The utility model uses a tension sensor to measure the tension in real time. After conversion by an AD converter, the single-chip microcomputer sends the tension value to a host computer or a serial port display. The display terminal displays the tension change curve in real time, which can show the change process of the force.

[0025] (2) The scenarios of sudden force involved in middle school physics are transformed into an operational experimental device and the experimental results are visualized. This helps students understand such abstract problems and makes teaching more intuitive and easy to understand. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 For this utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed experimental panel;

[0028] Figure 3 For this utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the medium tension sensor;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a sudden force experimental model in one embodiment of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a curve diagram of the change of tension in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0031] Markings in the figure: 1. Experimental panel, 2. Angle iron, 3. Locking screw, 4. Fastener, 5. Thin rope, 6. Steel ball, 7. Light spring, 8. Tension sensor, 9. Locking screw, 10. Hook, 11. Circuit board, 12. Single-chip microcomputer minimum system, 13. Serial port display, 14. RS232 / USB converter, 15. Host computer, 16. Experimental model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods, and the above and / or other advantages of the present invention will become more clear.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the utility model provides a sudden force experimental device, including an experimental panel 1;

[0034] The experimental panel 1 is loaded with a tension sensor 8, a circuit board 11 and an experimental model 16;

[0035] The tension sensor 8 is connected to the circuit board 11;

[0036] The tension sensor 8 is connected to the experimental model 16;

[0037] The experimental model 16 comprises a fastener 4, a thin rope 5, a steel ball 6, a light spring 7 and a hook 10;

[0038] One end of the light spring 7 is connected to the steel ball 6, and the other end is connected to the hook 10;

[0039] The thin rope 5 passes through the central hole of the steel ball 6 , one end of which is connected to the light spring 7 , and the other end is fixed to the surface of the experimental panel 1 through a fastener 4 .

[0040] The tension sensor 8 is fixed to the surface of the experimental panel 1 by means of locking screws 9 .

[0041] The circuit board 11 includes an AD converter, a single-chip computer minimum system 12 , a serial port display screen 13 , and an RS232 / USB converter 14 .

[0042] The AD converter is connected to the single-chip computer minimum system 12, the serial port display screen 13, and the RS232 / USB converter 14 respectively.

[0043] The device of the utility model also includes a bottom base, and the front and back sides of the experimental panel 1 are fixed to the bottom base through angle irons 2 and screws 3.

[0044] The bottom base includes a level gauge, and the test panel 1 is kept in a vertical state.

[0045] The experimental panel is uniformly drawn with angle lines using the center position of the hook 10 as the center of the circle and the horizontal direction as the baseline.

[0046] The fastener 4 is connected to the interrupt pin of the single-chip microcomputer minimum system 12, and the opening and closing of the fastener 4 triggers the AD converter to collect tension data.

[0047] The tension sensor 8 is a commercial tension sensor, which includes a tension sensing module and a sensor circuit chip.

[0048] The sensor circuit chip adopts hx711.

[0049] In a specific embodiment of the utility model, Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a sudden force experimental device is provided, including an experimental panel 1 and a host computer 15;

[0050] The test panel 1 is loaded with a tension sensor 8 , a circuit board 11 and a test model 16 . The tension sensor 8 is fixed to the surface of the test panel 1 by locking screws 9 .

[0051] The tension sensor 8 is connected to the test model 16 .

[0052] The experimental model 16 includes a fastener 4 , a thin rope 5 , a steel ball 6 , a light spring 7 and a hook 10 .

[0053] The tension sensor 8 is connected via a hook 10 to form a specific experimental model.

[0054] The force measuring connecting member of the tension sensor 8 is preferably but not limited to a hook, and connection schemes such as special-shaped hole devices, screw locking, and slot structures are also within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0055] The hook 10 is connected to one end of the light spring 7; the angle between the light spring 7 and the vertical direction can be directly read from the angle scale, one end of the string 5 passes through the central hole of the steel ball 6, and the other end of the string 5 is fixed to the surface of the experimental panel 1 by the fastener 4. Other accessories can be selected for simple combination or transformation to form other sudden force models for experiments, which are also within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0056] The tension sensor 8 is connected to the circuit board 11 .

[0057] The circuit board 11 includes an AD converter, a single-chip minimum system 12, a serial port display screen 13, and an RS232 / USB converter 14; the AD converter is connected to the single-chip minimum system 12, the serial port display screen 13, and the RS232 / USB converter 14 respectively;

[0058] The tension sensor 8 is a commercial tension sensor, including a tension sensor module, preferably but not limited to the sensor JLBS-M2, and a sensor circuit chip, preferably but not limited to the HX711 chip. The use of other types of tension sensors and circuit chips is also within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0059] The tension signal of the tension sensor 8 is converted into a digital signal by an AD converter and input into the single chip microcomputer for processing, and then sent to the serial port display screen 13 or sent to the host computer 15 by the RS232 / USB converter 14.

[0060] Preferably, the front and back sides of the experimental panel 1 are fixed to the bottom base by angle irons 2 and screws 3. The bottom base includes a level gauge, and the experimental panel 1 is kept in a vertical state. The experimental panel fixing method is preferably but not limited to angle irons. Fixing schemes such as brackets, slots, and mortise and tenon structures are also within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0061] Furthermore, the fixing method of the tension sensor is preferably but not limited to screws, and fixing solutions such as slots and clamps are also within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0062] The center position of the hook 10 is the center of the circle, the horizontal direction is the baseline, and the angle scale is evenly drawn to facilitate the measurement of angles during the experiment. The auxiliary measurement of the grids or scales drawn in conjunction with other sudden force models is also within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0063] The fastener 4 is preferably but not limited to a quick clamp, and other fixing parts such as a tooling fixture, a clamp, a buckle or a special-shaped fastening structure are also within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0064] The fastener 4 is connected to the interrupt pin of the single-chip microcomputer minimum system 12, and the opening and closing of the fastener 4 triggers the AD converter to collect tension data.

[0065] The AD converter performs AD conversion on the analog voltage output by the tension sensor 8 and outputs a digital signal to the single-chip microcomputer minimum system 12. The circuit module is preferably but not limited to this solution, and simple functions or performance improvements are added on this basis, such as dividing or amplifying the analog voltage output by the tension sensor 8, adding simple electronic components to adjust the input or output resistance, filtering interference signals, etc., which are also within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0066] The single-chip minimum system 12 sends the signal of the tension sensor 8 to the serial port display screen 13 or to the host computer 15 through the RS232 / USB converter 14. The transmission scheme is preferably but not limited to, such as using IIC, SPI, CAN bus protocols, or using Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, TCP / IP, UDP / IP and other communication protocols, or schemes based on free space optical communication and using optical fiber communication technology for data transmission are also within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0067] The host computer 15 automatically searches for an idle serial port of the computer and automatically configures the communication rate. The dynamic tension curve is displayed in real time, and the data is automatically saved in the default path of the computer. The functions of the host computer software are preferably but not limited to this solution, such as manually selecting the communication baud rate, the computer serial port number, adjusting the curve display style, and realizing the enlargement or reduction of the curve, which are also within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0068] The single-chip minimum system 12 can also directly send data to the serial port display screen 13 through the serial port to display the dynamic curve. The display terminal is preferably but not limited to the serial port display screen, and other display terminals such as OLED screen, LCD screen or projection equipment are also within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0069] The single-chip microcomputer minimum system 12 is preferably but not limited to a 51 series single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputers such as Arduino, RaspberryPi, 32 series, MSP430, PIC, AVR, etc. are also within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0070] The single-chip microcomputer minimum system 12 is reset, and then the AD converter and serial port communication are started, and the static system is automatically zeroed and put into standby. The host computer software is started, and the software automatically selects an idle serial port and uses the default baud rate to prepare to receive and display the tension data. Loosening the fastener 4 disconnects the circuit and triggers the AD converter to collect data. The thin rope 5 is separated from the fixed point, and the tension of the thin rope changes suddenly, while the tension of the spring does not change in a short time.

[0071] The host computer 15 displays the change curve of the tension in real time, and the curve displays the magnitude of the tension in real time. At the moment after the fastener releases the string, the vertical tension of the spring is balanced with the gravity of the steel ball 6, the horizontal tension of the spring remains unchanged, and the steel ball moves to the right. In the range of 0 to 0.9 seconds, the magnitude of the tension remains unchanged, which is about 0.341N, which is the initial tension. After 6 seconds, the system reaches the final tension and stabilizes at about 0.322N, which corresponds to the tension of the steel ball 6 when it is suspended vertically, that is, the gravity exerted on the steel ball. In the range of 0.9-6 seconds, the spring pendulum swings and oscillates to adjust the tension. According to the initial tension and the final tension, it can be calculated that the angle is about 20°, which is consistent with the angle set at the beginning of the experiment, confirming the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

[0072] The utility model provides a sudden force experiment device. There are many methods and ways to implement the technical solution. The above is only the preferred implementation of the utility model. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the utility model. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the utility model. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented by existing technologies.

Claims

1. A sudden force experimental device, characterized in that: Includes experimental panels (1); The experimental panel (1) is loaded with a tension sensor (8), a circuit board (11) and an experimental model (16); The tension sensor (8) is connected to the circuit board (11); The tension sensor (8) is connected to the experimental model (16); The experimental model (16) comprises a fastener (4), a thin rope (5), a steel ball (6), a light spring (7) and a hook (10); One end of the light spring (7) is connected to the steel ball (6), and the other end is connected to the hook (10); The thin rope (5) passes through the central hole of the steel ball (6), one end of which is connected to the light spring (7), and the other end is fixed to the surface of the experimental panel (1) through a fastener (4).

2. A sudden force experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tension sensor (8) is fixed to the surface of the test panel (1) via a locking screw (9).

3. A sudden force experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circuit board (11) comprises an AD converter, a single-chip computer minimum system (12), a serial port display screen (13), and an RS232 / USB converter (14).

4. A sudden force experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The AD converter is respectively connected to the single-chip computer minimum system (12), the serial port display screen (13), and the RS232 / USB converter (14).

5. The sudden force experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also comprises a bottom base, and the experimental panel (1) is fixed to the bottom base by angle irons (2) and screws (3).

6. The sudden force experimental device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom base includes a level gauge and the test panel (1) is kept in a vertical position.

7. The sudden force experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The experimental panel is uniformly drawn with angle lines using the center position of the hook (10) as the center of the circle and the horizontal direction as the baseline.

8. The sudden force experimental device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fastener (4) is connected to an interrupt pin of a single-chip microcomputer minimum system (12), and the opening and closing of the fastener (4) triggers an AD converter to collect tension data.

9. The sudden force experimental device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tension sensor (8) comprises a tension sensor module and a sensor circuit chip; The sensor circuit chip adopts hx711.

10. The sudden force experimental device according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a host computer (15), and the single-chip computer minimum system (12) sends the signal of the tension sensor (8) to the serial port display screen (13) or sends it to the host computer (15) through the RS232 / USB converter (14).

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