Engine exhaust waste heat recovery system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, and discloses an engine exhaust waste heat recovery system and a vehicle. The exhaust branch pipe is connected with the exhaust main pipe; the exhaust adjusting valve is arranged on the exhaust main pipe; the heat exchanger is arranged on the exhaust branch pipe; one end of the water outlet pipeline is connected with the engine; one end of the water return pipeline is connected with the heat exchanger; and the temperature adjusting component is arranged on the water outlet pipeline and has an opening state when the water outlet temperature of the engine is lower than the preset water temperature and a closing state when the water outlet temperature is higher than or equal to the preset water temperature. Water is heated through waste heat of tail gas, the temperature of water in the engine is increased, the heat preservation requirement of the engine in the alpine region is met, the exhaust flow of the exhaust main pipe and the exhaust branch pipe is adjusted through the exhaust adjusting valve, control is easy, the number of the valves is reduced, and cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to an engine exhaust waste heat recovery system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In winter, the outdoor temperature in high-altitude cold areas is below minus 20 degrees Celsius. For the engines of traditional vehicles, according to the law of conservation of energy: the total energy of the sprayed oil = engine work + exhaust heat dissipation + accessory work + engine friction work + combustion heat dissipation. Among them, engine friction work + combustion heat dissipation are ultimately converted into engine heat energy. The thermal efficiency of a certain model of engine is very high, resulting in less energy obtained by the water temperature, causing a series of problems such as slow engine water temperature rise, low idling water temperature for a long time, and low cab temperature. Subsequent more efficient internal combustion engines have more obvious performance in this problem.

[0003] Therefore, the water temperature is too low when the engine is started in winter or idles for a long time, which cannot meet the heat preservation requirements of the engine in high-cold areas. At this time, the lubrication effect of the engine parts is poor, the friction is large, the combustion in the cylinder is not complete, and the generation and emission of harmful gases are high. At present, there is no better way to increase the water temperature when the engine is started or idles for a long time. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the utility model provides an engine exhaust waste heat recovery system and a vehicle to solve the problem of low water temperature when the engine is started or idle for a long time in winter.

[0005] In a first aspect, the utility model provides an engine exhaust waste heat recovery system, comprising: an exhaust main pipe, suitable for being connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the engine; an exhaust branch pipe, connected to the exhaust main pipe; an exhaust regulating valve, arranged on the exhaust main pipe and located downstream of the connection between the exhaust branch pipe and the exhaust main pipe, the exhaust regulating valve being used to regulate the exhaust flow rate of the exhaust main pipe and the exhaust branch pipe; a heat exchanger, arranged on the exhaust branch pipe; a water outlet pipe, one end of which is connected to the water outlet of the engine and the other end is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger; a water return pipe, one end of which is connected to the water outlet of the heat exchanger and the other end is connected to the water inlet of the engine, the engine, the water outlet pipe, the heat exchanger and the water return pipe form a circulation loop; a temperature regulating component, arranged on the water outlet pipe, the temperature regulating component having an open state when the water outlet temperature of the engine is lower than a preset water temperature and a closed state when the water outlet temperature is higher than or equal to the preset water temperature.

[0006] Beneficial effects: In high-cold areas, when the engine is started or idled for a long time, the exhaust adjustment valve is closed or opened to a certain degree, the thermostat is in the open state, and the exhaust gas discharged by the engine is at least partially discharged through the exhaust branch pipe. The high-temperature exhaust gas exchanges heat with water in the heat exchanger, and the low-temperature water becomes high-temperature water after passing through the heat exchanger. The high-temperature water flows back into the engine, so that the temperature of the water in the engine increases. The above-mentioned waste heat system heats the water by the waste heat of the exhaust gas, which can increase the water temperature in the engine, meet the insulation requirements of the engine in high-cold areas, and effectively solve the problem of low water temperature in subsequent more efficient engines in high-cold areas. The lubrication effect of various engine parts is better, the friction is small, and the combustion in the cylinder is more complete, reducing the generation and emission of harmful gases. In addition, an exhaust adjustment valve is used to adjust the exhaust flow of the exhaust main pipe and the exhaust branch pipe, which is simple to control and can also reduce the number of valves and save costs.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the temperature control component is a thermostat.

[0008] Beneficial effects: The thermostat has the advantages of high precision, fast response, small size and high sensitivity.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the thermostat is a mechanical thermostat that automatically opens and closes according to the outlet water temperature.

[0010] Beneficial effect: No need to control through a control unit, so the control is simpler.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the thermostat is an electronic thermostat.

[0012] Beneficial effect: According to the preset water temperature, the closing time of the thermostat is delayed. For example, in cold areas, it is opened when the outlet water temperature is lower than 95℃, and fully opened when the outlet water temperature is lower than 85℃, to meet the demanding heating needs in the north.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the engine exhaust waste heat recovery system also includes a return water temperature sensor and a control unit. The return water temperature sensor is arranged on the return water pipeline. The control unit is electrically connected to the return water temperature sensor. The control unit is used to control the opening of the exhaust regulating valve according to the water temperature in the engine, the heating demand of the air-conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system and the water temperature detected by the return water temperature sensor.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The control unit adjusts the opening of the exhaust regulating valve according to actual needs, and can realize automatic adjustment with a high degree of automation.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the return water temperature sensor is arranged close to the heat exchanger.

[0016] Beneficial effect: Directly monitor the water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger to prevent the water in the heat exchanger from overheating and boiling.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, an exhaust temperature sensor is provided on the exhaust main pipe, and the exhaust temperature sensor is located upstream of the connection between the exhaust branch pipe and the exhaust main pipe. An intake regulating valve is provided on the intake manifold connected to the air intake port of the engine. The exhaust temperature sensor and the intake regulating valve are both electrically connected to the control unit. The control unit is used to control the opening of the intake regulating valve according to at least one of the heating demand of the air-conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system, the atmospheric ambient temperature, and the exhaust temperature detected by the exhaust temperature sensor.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The control unit can adjust the opening of the exhaust adjustment valve based on the water temperature in the engine, the heating demand of the air conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system, the return water temperature, the flow rate of the exhaust air flow and the exhaust temperature, so as to adjust more accurately and precisely control.

[0019] In an optional implementation, the air intake regulating valve is an electronically controlled throttle valve.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The throttle valve has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacturing and maintenance, low cost, large flow range, simple operation, convenient maintenance, stable flow, high precision, high reliability and long service life.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the temperature regulating component is arranged close to the water outlet of the engine.

[0022] Beneficial effect: When a mechanical thermostat is used as the temperature regulating component, the outlet water temperature of the engine changes, and the mechanical thermostat can respond faster, thus shortening the response time.

[0023] In a second aspect, the utility model further provides a vehicle, comprising: an engine; the above-mentioned engine exhaust waste heat recovery system, wherein an exhaust main pipe of the engine exhaust waste heat recovery system is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Description of reference numerals:

[0027] 1. Exhaust main pipe; 2. Exhaust branch pipe; 3. Exhaust adjustment valve; 4. Heat exchanger; 5. Water outlet pipe; 6. Return water pipe; 7. Temperature control component; 8. Return water temperature sensor; 9. Electronic throttle valve; 10. Engine; 11. After-treatment component; 12. Turbocharger; 13. Intercooler; 14. Intake air temperature and pressure sensor; 15. Intake manifold. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the utility model clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the utility model, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0029] Combine the following Figure 1 , describing an embodiment of the utility model.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the utility model, on the one hand, an engine exhaust waste heat recovery system is provided, comprising: an exhaust main pipe 1, an exhaust branch pipe 2, an exhaust regulating valve 3, a heat exchanger 4, a water outlet pipe 5, a water return pipe 6 and a temperature regulating component 7. The exhaust main pipe 1 is suitable for connecting to the exhaust outlet of the engine 10; the exhaust branch pipe 2 is connected to the exhaust main pipe 1; the exhaust regulating valve 3 is arranged on the exhaust main pipe 1 and is located downstream of the connection between the exhaust branch pipe 2 and the exhaust main pipe 1, and the exhaust regulating valve 3 is used to adjust the exhaust flow rate of the exhaust main pipe 1 and the exhaust branch pipe 2; the heat exchanger 4 is arranged on the exhaust branch pipe 2; one end of the water outlet pipe 5 is connected to the water outlet of the engine 10 and the other end is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger 4; one end of the return water pipe 6 is connected to the water outlet of the heat exchanger 4 and the other end is connected to the water inlet of the engine 10, and the engine 10, the water outlet pipe 5, the heat exchanger 4 and the return water pipe 6 form a circulation loop; the temperature regulating component 7 is arranged on the water outlet pipe 5, and the temperature regulating component 7 has an open state when the outlet water temperature of the engine 10 is lower than the preset water temperature and a closed state when the outlet water temperature is higher than or equal to the preset water temperature.

[0031] The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system of this embodiment is applied. In the high-cold region, when the engine 10 is started or idled for a long time, the exhaust adjustment valve 3 is closed or opened to a certain degree, the temperature adjustment component 7 is in the open state, and the exhaust gas discharged by the engine 10 is at least partially discharged through the exhaust branch pipe 2. The high-temperature exhaust gas exchanges heat with water in the heat exchanger 4. The low-temperature water becomes high-temperature water after passing through the heat exchanger 4. The high-temperature water flows back into the engine 10, so that the temperature of the water in the engine 10 increases. The above-mentioned waste heat system heats the water by the waste heat of the exhaust gas, which can increase the water temperature in the engine 10, meet the heat preservation requirements of the engine 10 in the high-cold region, and effectively solve the problem of low water temperature in the subsequent more efficient engine 10 in the high-cold period. The lubrication effect of each component of the engine 10 is better, the friction is small, and the combustion in the cylinder is more sufficient, reducing the generation and emission of harmful gases. In addition, the exhaust flow of the exhaust main pipe 1 and the exhaust branch pipe 2 is adjusted by an exhaust adjustment valve 3, which is simple to control, and can also reduce the number of valves and save costs.

[0032] Furthermore, when the exhaust regulating valve 3 is fully opened, due to the inertia of the airflow and the small back pressure of the exhaust main pipe 1, the airflow is directly discharged from the exhaust main pipe 1 without flowing through the exhaust branch pipe 2, and the exhaust gas does not heat the water in the heat exchanger 4; when the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 3 is reduced or even fully closed, part or all of the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust branch pipe 2, and the exhaust gas heats the water in the heat exchanger 4. In this way, the flow direction of the exhaust gas is changed and the flow rate of the exhaust gas for water heating is controlled by a valve, which is simple to control and low in cost.

[0033] It should be noted that the power for the water circulation in the circulation loop comes from the water pump in the engine 10, and there is no need to add a new water pump, thus saving costs.

[0034] In one embodiment, the temperature regulating component 7 is a thermostat, which has the advantages of high precision, fast response, small size, high sensitivity, etc.

[0035] In one embodiment, the thermostat is a mechanical thermostat that automatically opens and closes according to the outlet water temperature. It does not need to be controlled by a control unit, and the control is simpler.

[0036] Furthermore, the thermostat may be opened when the outlet water temperature is lower than 85°C, and fully opened when the outlet water temperature is lower than 75°C, so that the water of the exhaust waste heat recovery system begins to circulate in the circulation loop.

[0037] It can be understood that in another embodiment, the thermostat is an electronic thermostat, which is electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit is used to control the opening and closing of the electronic thermostat according to the outlet water temperature. At this time, the preset water temperature can be set according to the specific actual situation to meet the use requirements of different scenarios. According to the preset water temperature, the closing time of the thermostat is delayed. For example, in cold areas, it is opened when the outlet water temperature is lower than 95°C, and fully opened when the outlet water temperature is lower than 85°C, to meet the demanding heating needs in the north.

[0038] In one embodiment, the engine exhaust waste heat recovery system further includes a return water temperature sensor 8 and a control unit. The return water temperature sensor 8 is arranged on the return water pipeline 6. The control unit is electrically connected to the return water temperature sensor 8. The control unit is used to control the opening of the exhaust adjustment valve 3 according to at least one of the water temperature in the engine 10, the heating demand of the air conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system, and the water temperature detected by the return water temperature sensor 8. The return water temperature sensor 8 is used to detect the return water temperature. The return water temperature sensor 8 sends the temperature signal detected by it to the control unit. When the control unit recognizes that the return water temperature is too high, the control unit issues an instruction to adjust the opening of the exhaust adjustment valve 3 to prevent the water temperature from continuing to rise, effectively avoiding the risk of local overheating of the water in the heat exchanger. When the water temperature in the engine 10 is high or the air conditioning system has a heating mode or the cargo box insulation system has an insulation demand, the control unit issues an instruction to adjust the opening of the exhaust adjustment valve 3. The control unit can also adjust the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 3 based on the water temperature in the engine 10, the warm air demand of the air-conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system and the water temperature detected by the return water temperature sensor 8. The control unit adjusts the opening of the exhaust regulating valve 3 according to actual needs, which can achieve automatic adjustment with a high degree of automation.

[0039] It should be noted that when the return water temperature is greater than or equal to 90°C, it means that the return water temperature is too high.

[0040] Furthermore, the control unit can also adjust the opening of the exhaust adjustment valve 3 according to the flow rate of the exhaust airflow and the exhaust temperature. At this time, a flow sensor is provided on the exhaust main pipe 1. The flow sensor is located upstream of the connection between the exhaust branch pipe 2 and the exhaust main pipe 1. The flow sensor is used to detect the flow rate of the exhaust airflow. An exhaust temperature sensor is provided on the exhaust main pipe 1. The exhaust temperature sensor is used to detect the exhaust temperature. The control unit can adjust the opening of the exhaust adjustment valve 3 in combination with the water temperature in the engine 10, the warm air demand of the air conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system, the return water temperature, the flow rate of the exhaust airflow and the exhaust temperature, so as to adjust more accurately and precisely control.

[0041] Furthermore, the return water temperature sensor 8 is arranged close to the heat exchanger 4 to directly monitor the water temperature at the water outlet of the heat exchanger 4 to prevent the water in the heat exchanger 4 from being overheated and boiling.

[0042] Specifically, the heat exchanger 4 can be a heating grid, etc., through which the tail gas and water are heat exchanged, which has a simple structure and is easy to implement. The heating grid can be a structure in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0043] It should be noted that the abbreviation of the control unit is ECU, and the ECU calculates, processes, and judges various information input by various sensors of the engine 10 according to the program stored in itself, and then outputs instructions to control the actions of relevant actuators to achieve the purpose of quickly, accurately, and automatically controlling the operation of the engine 10. The control unit can adopt the structure in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0044] It is worth noting that the air conditioning system and the cargo box insulation system can share the heat exchanger 4, and the hot water in the heat exchanger 4 heats the air, and then the hot air is transported to the cab and the cargo box to heat the cab and the cargo box. When the control unit receives the heating demand of the air conditioning system and the heating demand of the cargo box insulation system, it can also delay the closing time of the thermostat according to the actual situation. The use of exhaust gas to heat water can meet the heating needs of the cab in the severe cold of North Asia, especially in terms of long-term idling heating, without the need for additional firewood heating, and can also meet the needs of electric heating to maintain constant temperature for transporting vegetables and fruits in the north in winter. The air conditioning system and the cargo box insulation system can adopt the structure of the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0045] In one embodiment, an exhaust temperature sensor is provided on the exhaust main pipe 1, an intake regulating valve is provided on the intake manifold 15 connected to the air inlet of the engine 10, the exhaust temperature sensor is located upstream of the connection between the exhaust branch pipe 2 and the exhaust main pipe 1, the exhaust temperature sensor and the intake regulating valve are both electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit is used to control the opening of the intake regulating valve according to at least one of the heating demand of the air conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system, the atmospheric ambient temperature, and the exhaust temperature detected by the exhaust temperature sensor. When the air conditioning system and the cargo box insulation system have special heating requirements, when the atmospheric ambient temperature is very low or the exhaust temperature measured by the exhaust temperature sensor is lower than a certain set value, the requirements can be met by reducing the opening of the intake regulating valve.

[0046] It should be noted that the following examples are given for the heating demand, atmospheric ambient temperature, and exhaust temperature. The special heating demand of the air conditioning system and the cargo box insulation system means that the heating temperature is within the range of 10℃-20℃ or has a rapid temperature rise in a short time. The low ambient atmospheric temperature means minus 30℃-40℃, and the exhaust temperature setting value is 100℃. It can be understood that the above temperatures are not limited to this and can be set according to specific circumstances.

[0047] In one embodiment, the air intake regulating valve is an electrically controlled flow valve, which has the advantages of self-locking force, small size, high temperature resistance, large load capacity, flexible control, sensitive response, safety and reliability. The electrically controlled flow valve communicates with the control unit and can be controlled by the control unit, making the control easy.

[0048] In one embodiment, the electrically controlled flow valve is an electrically controlled throttle valve 9, which has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacturing and maintenance, low cost, a large flow range, simple operation, convenient maintenance, stable flow, high precision, high reliability and long service life.

[0049] In one embodiment, the temperature regulating component 7 is disposed near the water outlet of the engine 10. When the temperature regulating component 7 adopts a mechanical thermostat, the outlet water temperature of the engine 10 changes, and the mechanical thermostat can respond faster, thus shortening the response time.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, on the other hand, a vehicle is provided, including: an engine 10 and the above-mentioned engine exhaust waste heat recovery system, wherein an exhaust main pipe 1 of the engine exhaust waste heat recovery system is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the engine 10 .

[0051] In one embodiment, the vehicle further includes an after-treatment component 11, a turbocharger 12, an intercooler 13, an intake manifold 15, an intake air temperature and pressure sensor 14, etc. The after-treatment component 11 is connected to the exhaust main pipe 1 and is located upstream of the connection between the exhaust branch pipe 2 and the exhaust main pipe 1. The intake manifold 15 is connected to the air intake port of the engine 10. The turbocharger 12 includes a turbine and a compressor. The compressor is connected to the intake manifold 15, the turbine is connected to the exhaust main pipe 1, the intercooler 13 is connected to the intake manifold 15, and the intake air temperature and pressure sensor 14 is arranged on the intake manifold 15, and the intake air temperature and intake air pressure are detected by the intake air temperature and pressure sensor 14.

[0052] Further, the post-treatment component 11 includes an exhaust temperature sensor, a diesel oxidation catalyst (English abbreviation: DOC), a selective catalytic reducer (English abbreviation: SCR) and a muffler, or the post-treatment component 11 includes an exhaust temperature sensor, a diesel oxidation catalyst, a diesel particulate filter (English abbreviation: DPF) selective catalytic reducer and a muffler. By treating the exhaust gas through the post-treatment component 11, the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas can be reduced.

[0053] Specifically, the vehicle is a truck, etc. It can be understood that the vehicle can also be an operating vehicle such as a heavy truck, a trailer, an excavator, an anchor digger, a bulldozer, a road roller, and a concrete pump truck.

[0054] In the related art, in cold regions, the water temperature of the engine is too low when it is started in winter or idles for a long time, which cannot meet the insulation needs of the engine in cold regions; the vehicle cannot meet the heating needs of the cab in severe cold weather based solely on the heat of the engine itself, especially in long idle heating, which requires additional heat sources.

[0055] In this embodiment, without changing the structure of the engine 10 and the arrangement of the post-processing component 11, an exhaust adjustment valve 3, an exhaust branch pipe 2 and a heating grille are added behind the post-processing component 11. The heating grille and the engine 10 are connected through the water outlet pipe 5 and the return water pipe 6. Whether the water in the engine 10 needs to be heated and circulated depends on whether the thermostat on the water outlet pipe 5 is turned on. When the water outlet temperature reaches 75°C, it starts to close and is completely closed when it reaches 85°C. When the thermostat starts, the high-temperature exhaust gas exchanges heat with the cold water when passing through the heating grille, so that the water is heated, which not only meets the needs of quickly raising the engine water temperature and the need for heat preservation of the engine in high-cold areas, but also meets the needs of warm air in the cargo box and the warm air in the cab. The water circulates through the water pump of the engine itself, and there is no need to add a new water pump, which saves costs. Whether the exhaust adjustment valve 3 on the exhaust main pipe 1 is closed and the size of the throttling depends on a series of requirements such as the control unit combining the water temperature in the engine 10, the warm air demand of the air conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system, and whether the return water stability sensor recognizes that the water temperature is overheated. Only one exhaust regulating valve 3 is opened and closed to change the exhaust flow direction and control the heated exhaust flow to heat the water, which is simple to control, reduces the number of valves, and saves costs. A return water temperature sensor 8 is provided on the return water pipeline 6 to directly monitor the water temperature of the water outlet of the water heating grid, which can prevent the water in the heating grid from overheating and boiling, and avoid the risk of local overheating of water in the heat exchanger.

[0056] Although the embodiments of the present invention are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An engine exhaust waste heat recovery system, characterized in that: include: An exhaust main pipe (1) adapted to be connected to an exhaust gas outlet of an engine (10); An exhaust branch pipe (2) connected to the exhaust main pipe (1); an exhaust regulating valve (3), arranged on the exhaust main pipe (1) and located downstream of a connection between the exhaust branch pipe (2) and the exhaust main pipe (1), the exhaust regulating valve (3) being used to regulate the exhaust flow rate of the exhaust main pipe (1) and the exhaust branch pipe (2); A heat exchanger (4) is arranged on the exhaust branch pipe (2); A water outlet pipeline (5), one end of which is connected to the water outlet of the engine (10) and the other end of which is connected to the water inlet of the heat exchanger (4); A water return pipe (6), one end of which is connected to the water outlet of the heat exchanger (4) and the other end of which is connected to the water inlet of the engine (10), wherein the engine (10), the water outlet pipe (5), the heat exchanger (4) and the water return pipe (6) form a circulation loop; A temperature regulating component (7) is arranged on the water outlet pipeline (5), and the temperature regulating component (7) has an open state when the water outlet temperature of the engine (10) is lower than a preset water temperature, and a closed state when the water outlet temperature is higher than or equal to the preset water temperature.

2. The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature regulating component (7) is a thermostat.

3. The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermostat is a mechanical thermostat that automatically opens and closes according to the outlet water temperature.

4. The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermostat is an electronic thermostat.

5. The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system also includes a return water temperature sensor (8) and a control unit. The return water temperature sensor (8) is arranged on the return water pipeline (6). The control unit is electrically connected to the return water temperature sensor (8). The control unit is used to control the opening of the exhaust adjustment valve (3) according to the water temperature in the engine (10), the warm air demand of the air conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system and the water temperature detected by the return water temperature sensor (8).

6. The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The return water temperature sensor (8) is arranged close to the heat exchanger (4).

7. The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to claim 5, characterized in that: An exhaust temperature sensor is provided on the exhaust main pipe (1), and the exhaust temperature sensor is located upstream of the connection between the exhaust branch pipe (2) and the exhaust main pipe (1). An intake regulating valve is provided on the intake manifold connected to the air intake port of the engine (10). The exhaust temperature sensor and the intake regulating valve are both electrically connected to the control unit. The control unit is used to control the opening of the intake regulating valve according to at least one of the heating demand of the air conditioning system, the insulation demand of the cargo box insulation system, the atmospheric environment temperature, and the exhaust temperature detected by the exhaust temperature sensor.

8. The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air intake regulating valve is an electrically controlled throttle valve (9).

9. The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The temperature regulating component (7) is arranged close to the water outlet of the engine (10).

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: Engine (10); The engine exhaust waste heat recovery system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the exhaust main pipe (1) of the engine exhaust waste heat recovery system is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the engine (10).

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