Vehicle-mounted antenna structure and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a vehicle-mounted antenna structure and a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The vehicle-mounted antenna structure comprises a PCB, a main antenna unit and a diversity antenna unit, wherein the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit are respectively arranged on the PCB; the PCB is provided with a copper foil; the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit are both formed by the copper foil, and each of the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit comprises a grounding radiation branch knot, and a first radiation branch knot and a second radiation branch knot which are connected with the grounding radiation branch knot. The first radiation branch knot and the second radiation branch knot are respectively provided with a low-frequency working frequency band and a high-frequency working frequency band, the low-frequency working frequency band is 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, and the high-frequency working frequency band is 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz. The vehicle-mounted antenna is low in cost and can be used as a Bluetooth antenna and a WIFI antenna at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of antennas, and in particular relates to a vehicle-mounted antenna structure and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] At present, the in-vehicle WIFI and Bluetooth antennas in the market are both external antennas and internal ceramic chip antennas. External antennas require a fixing device, and the antenna needs to be fixed specifically during the product production process, and its performance needs to be tested to see if it meets the requirements, which increases both the production cost and the product production time. In addition, as the car is bumped for a long time, the external antenna has the problem of falling off, resulting in communication abnormalities such as unstable WIFI and Bluetooth signals. Although the built-in ceramic chip antenna can solve the problem of antenna installation and fixing, it is expensive and has the problem of breakage due to high and low temperature shock or severe bumps in the car. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a vehicle-mounted antenna structure and a vehicle. The vehicle-mounted antenna structure has low cost and can be used as a Bluetooth antenna and a WIFI antenna at the same time.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the utility model is:

[0005] A vehicle-mounted antenna structure comprises a PCB board and a main antenna unit and a diversity antenna unit respectively arranged on the PCB board, wherein the PCB board has copper foil; the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit are both formed by the copper foil, the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit respectively comprise a grounded radiation branch and a first radiation branch and a second radiation branch respectively connected to the grounded radiation branch, the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch both have a low-frequency operating frequency band and a high-frequency operating frequency band, wherein the low-frequency operating frequency band is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, and the high-frequency operating frequency band is 5.15 GHZ-5.85 GHz.

[0006] Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted antenna structure also includes a metal shell for wrapping the PCB board, the metal shell is connected to the grounded radiation branch, and the metal shell forms the antenna reference ground of the main antenna unit and the antenna reference ground of the diversity antenna unit respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the edge of the metal shell has an avoidance gap that runs through the upper surface and the lower surface thereof, and the portion of the PCB board where the main antenna unit is set and the portion where the diversity antenna unit is set extend into the avoidance gap respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, the PCB board is provided with a first copper exposed area surrounding the main antenna unit and a second copper exposed area surrounding the diversity antenna unit, the grounded radiation branch of the main antenna unit is connected to the first copper exposed area, the grounded radiation branch of the diversity antenna unit is connected to the second copper exposed area, and the first copper exposed area and the second copper exposed area are respectively connected to the metal shell.

[0009] Furthermore, the main antenna unit is close to a first side edge of the PCB board, the diversity antenna unit is close to a second side edge of the PCB board, and the first side edge is adjacent to the second side edge.

[0010] Furthermore, the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit respectively include a first short-circuit branch and a second short-circuit branch for increasing the bandwidth of the second radiation branch, and the first short-circuit branch and the second short-circuit branch are respectively electrically connected to the grounded radiation branch.

[0011] Furthermore, the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch are located on opposite sides of the ground radiation branch, the second radiation branch, the first short-circuit branch and the second short-circuit branch are located on the same side of the ground radiation branch, and the first short-circuit branch is located between the second short-circuit branch and the ground radiation branch.

[0012] Further, the length direction of the first short-circuit branch is parallel to the length direction of the second short-circuit branch, and the length direction of the second radiation branch is perpendicular to the length direction of the first short-circuit branch.

[0013] Furthermore, the operating frequency band of the second radiation branch is 5.8 GHz; the length of the first short-circuit branch is a quarter wavelength of 5.8 GHz, and the length of the second short-circuit branch is a quarter wavelength of 5 GHz.

[0014] A vehicle comprises a vehicle-mounted antenna structure as described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0016] The vehicle-mounted antenna structure provided by the utility model utilizes the copper foil on the PCB board as the radiator of the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna, which not only reduces the antenna production and assembly processes. At the same time, because the antenna is relatively close to the wifi module, the antenna can be connected to the wifi module through a microstrip line or a coplanar waveguide, and a long coaxial line with a RF connector is not required. The insertion loss of the antenna feeder is relatively small, so the receiving sensitivity and transmission power are improved, and the cost of raw materials of the product is reduced. The low-frequency working frequency bands of the two radiating branches are both 2.4GHz-2.5GHz, and 2.4GHz-2.5GHz is a common frequency band for Bluetooth and WIFI, so this antenna can be used as a WIFI antenna and a Bluetooth antenna.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the following description, or will be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, the same reference numerals may describe similar parts in different views. The same reference numerals with letter suffixes or different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar parts. The accompanying drawings generally illustrate various embodiments by way of example and not limitation, and together with the specification and claims, are used to illustrate the disclosed embodiments. When appropriate, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the present apparatus or method.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted antenna structure according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the PCB board of the embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main antenna unit of an embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 The standing wave ratio diagram of the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit;

[0023] Figure 5 Isolation diagram for the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit;

[0024] Figure 6 The simulated gain 3D pattern of the main antenna unit at 2.4 GHz frequency;

[0025] Figure 7 The simulated gain 3D pattern of the main antenna unit at 5.15 GHz frequency;

[0026] Figure 8 The simulated gain 3D pattern of the main antenna unit at 5.8 GHz.

[0027] In the figure: 1, PCB board; 10, main antenna unit; 100, first radiation branch; 101, second radiation branch; 103, grounded radiation branch; 104, first short-circuit branch; 105, second short-circuit branch; 11, diversity antenna unit; 12, first exposed copper area; 13, second exposed copper area; 14, first side; 15, second side; 2-metal shell; 20-avoidance gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the present utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0030] The utility model provides a vehicle-mounted antenna structure, which can be used in a car smart cockpit or a TBOX product, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the vehicle-mounted antenna structure mainly includes a PCB board 1 and a main antenna unit 10 and a diversity antenna unit 11 respectively arranged on the PCB board 1.

[0031] The PCB board 1 has copper foil, and the main antenna unit 10 and the diversity antenna unit 11 are both formed of copper foil. The main antenna unit 10 and the diversity antenna unit 11 respectively include a grounded radiation branch 103 and a first radiation branch 100 and a second radiation branch 101 respectively connected to the grounded radiation branch 103. The copper foil on the PCB board 1 is used as the antenna radiator. Due to the high-precision technology of modern PCB board 1 processing, the performance consistency of the antenna can be guaranteed during mass production.

[0032] The first radiation branch 100 and the second radiation branch 101 of this embodiment both have a low-frequency working frequency band and a high-frequency working frequency band, wherein the low-frequency working frequency band is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, and the high-frequency working frequency band is 5.15 GHZ-5.85 GHz.

[0033] The vehicle-mounted antenna structure provided in this embodiment uses the copper foil on the PCB board 1 as the radiator of the main antenna unit 10 and the diversity antenna, which not only reduces the antenna production and assembly processes. At the same time, because the antenna is relatively close to the wifi module, the antenna can be connected to the wifi module through a microstrip line or a coplanar waveguide, and a long coaxial line with a RF connector is not required. The insertion loss of the antenna feeder is relatively small, so the receiving sensitivity and transmission power are improved, and the cost of raw materials of the product is reduced. The low-frequency working frequency bands of the two radiating branches 100 are both 2.4GHz-2.5GHz, and 2.4GHz-2.5GHz is a common frequency band for Bluetooth and WIFI, so this antenna can be used as a WIFI antenna and a Bluetooth antenna.

[0034] The main antenna unit 10 can both receive and transmit signals, and the diversity antenna unit 11 is only used to receive signals. The diversity antenna unit 11 is mainly used to improve signal throughput and resist multipath effects. The receiver uses two antenna units to receive signals at the same time, and the receiver uses the one with better signal quality.

[0035] In this embodiment, the thickness of the PCB board 1 and the thickness of the copper foil used to form the two antenna units are not specifically limited. Preferably, the thickness of the copper foil is 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the plate is preferably 1.6 mm. At the same time, the material of the PCB board 1 is preferably FR-4, which is a code for a flame retardant material grade.

[0036] The specific structure of the PCB board 1 belongs to the prior art and will not be described in detail.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted antenna structure further includes a metal shell 2 for wrapping the PCB board 1 .

[0038] The metal shell 2 is connected to the grounded radiation branch 103 , and the metal shell 2 forms the antenna reference ground of the main antenna unit 10 and the antenna reference ground of the diversity antenna unit 11 .

[0039] If the ground on PCB board 1 is used as the reference ground of the antenna, the isolation between the two antenna units will be poor, the diversity reception function cannot be well performed, the signal transmission rate is low, and the user experience is poor.

[0040] Therefore, this embodiment uses the metal shell 2 as the antenna reference ground of the two antenna units. Firstly, the three-dimensional characteristics of the metal shell 2 weaken the spatial coupling of the two antenna units; secondly, the metal shell 2 is used as the antenna reference ground, which increases the upper current path of the two antenna units on the reference ground, thereby greatly improving the isolation of the two antenna units, and ensuring that the isolation of the two antennas is greater than 29dB.

[0041] There is no specific limitation on the shape of the metal housing 2, which can be determined according to the shape of the PCB board 1. The metal housing 2 can be in a square or other irregular shapes.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the edge of the metal shell 2 of this embodiment has at least two avoidance gaps 20 which are respectively recessed inward and respectively pass through the upper surface and the lower surface thereof. The portion on which the main antenna unit 10 is arranged and the portion on which the diversity antenna unit 11 is arranged on the PCB board 1 respectively pass through the metal shell 2 and extend into the avoidance gaps 20. That is, it can be understood that the two antenna units respectively extend into one avoidance gap 20.

[0043] In this way, there are no other metal copper foils or devices in the orthographic projection directions of the two antenna units on the upper and lower surfaces of the metal shell 2, respectively, so as to avoid affecting the transmission of signals.

[0044] It is easy to know that in order to facilitate the PCB board 1 to extend into the avoidance gap 20, an opening groove (not shown in the figure) can be set on the side wall of the metal shell 2, so as to facilitate the part of the PCB board 1 where the main antenna unit 10 and the part where the diversity antenna unit 11 are set to pass through the opening grooves to extend into the avoidance gap 20 respectively.

[0045] In order to facilitate the metal shell 2 to serve as the antenna reference ground of the two antenna units, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, a first copper-exposed area 12 surrounding the main antenna unit 10 and a second copper-exposed area 13 surrounding the diversity antenna unit 11 are provided on the PCB. The grounded radiation branch 103 in the main antenna unit 10 is connected to the first copper-exposed area 12, and the grounded radiation branch 103 in the diversity antenna unit 11 is connected to the second copper-exposed area 13.

[0046] The exposed copper area here can be understood as the copper foil exposed after the green oil on the PCB board 1 is removed. The green oil refers to the ink coated on the copper foil on the PCB board 1.

[0047] When the PCB board 1 is placed in the metal shell 2, since the part of the PCB board 1 where the two antenna units are set extends out of the metal shell 2, the edge of the opening groove set in the metal shell 2 can be placed against the two copper leakage areas, so that the copper exposure area can have sufficient electrical contact with the metal shell 2.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the two antenna units on the PCB are respectively arranged close to the side edges of the PCB board 1, so that it is convenient to arrange the antenna unit so that part of it extends into the avoidance gap 20 on the shell.

[0049] Preferably, the main antenna unit 10 of this embodiment is close to the first side 14 of the PCB board 1, and the diversity antenna unit 11 is close to the second side 15 of the PCB board 1. The first side 14 and the second side 15 are adjacent.

[0050] Of course, in some other embodiments, the main antenna unit 10 is close to the first side 14 of the PCB board 1, and the diversity antenna unit 11 can be arranged close to the third side of the PCB board 1 opposite to the first side 14, or the main antenna unit 10 and the diversity antenna unit 11 are respectively arranged close to the first side 14 of the PCB board 1, and a certain distance is spaced between the two.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the main antenna unit 10 and the diversity antenna unit 11 respectively include a first short-circuit branch 104 and a second short-circuit branch 105 for increasing the bandwidth of the second radiation branch 101 in the two antenna units. The first short-circuit branch 104 and the second short-circuit branch 105 are respectively electrically connected to the grounded radiation branch 103, or respectively connected to the corresponding exposed copper unit.

[0052] The main antenna unit 10 and the diversity antenna unit 11 of this embodiment are both evolved from planar inverted F antennas. The first radiation branches 100 and the second radiation branches 101 of the two antenna units are both located on both sides of the grounded radiation branch 103 .

[0053] The extension direction of the first radiation branch 100 is opposite to that of the second radiation branch 101, and the length of the first radiation branch 100 is greater than that of the second radiation branch 101. The second radiation branch 101, the first short-circuit branch 104 and the second short-circuit branch 105 are located on the same side of the grounded radiation branch 103, and the first short-circuit branch 104 is located between the second short-circuit branch 105 and the grounded radiation branch 103.

[0054] The extension direction or length direction of the first short-circuit branch 104 is consistent with the extension direction of the second short-circuit branch 105 , and the length direction of the second radiation branch 101 is perpendicular to the length directions of the two short-circuit branches.

[0055] The lengths of the two short-circuit branches in this embodiment are determined by the working frequency band of the second radiation branch 101. For example, the working frequency band of the first radiation branch 100 is 2.4 GHz, the working frequency band of the second radiation branch 101 is 5.8 GHz, and the grounded short-circuit branch 103 is used to match the antenna input impedance of 50Ω. Among them, the two short-circuit branches are used to increase the bandwidth of the 5.8 GHz frequency band, the length of the first short-circuit branch 104 is a quarter wavelength of 5.8 GHz, and the length of the second short-circuit branch 105 is a quarter wavelength of 5 GHz, so that the bandwidth of the wifi 5 GHz frequency band can be extended to 5.08 GHz to 5.98 GHz.

[0056] Preferably, the first short-circuit branch 104 and the second short-circuit branch 105 of this embodiment are also formed by aluminum foil on the PCB board 1 .

[0057] Figure 4 The standing wave ratio diagram of the main antenna unit 10 and the diversity antenna unit 11 is shown. Figure 4 It can be seen that the standing wave ratios of the two antenna units in the working frequency bands are both less than or equal to 3.5, which meets the actual use requirements.

[0058] Figure 5 The isolation diagram of the main antenna unit 10 and the diversity antenna unit 11 is shown by Figure 5 It can be seen that the isolation of the two antenna units within the working frequency band is greater than 29dB, achieving the high isolation requirement.

[0059] Figure 6 The simulated gain 3D radiation pattern of the main antenna unit 10 at the 2.4 GHz frequency point is shown, and the gain is 4.8 dBi, which meets the actual use requirements.

[0060] Figure 7 The simulated gain 3D radiation pattern of the main antenna unit 10 at the frequency point of 5.15 GHz is shown, and the gain is 6.1 dBi, which meets the actual use requirements.

[0061] Figure 8 The simulated gain 3D radiation pattern of the main antenna unit 10 at the 5.8 GHz frequency point is shown, and the gain is 6.1 dBi, which meets the actual use requirements.

[0062] The embodiment of the utility model further provides a vehicle, which includes a vehicle-mounted antenna structure as described in any of the above embodiments. The vehicle may be provided with a car smart cockpit or a TBOX product, and the vehicle-mounted antenna structure may be provided with the car smart cockpit or the TBOX product.

[0063] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention within the essence and protection scope of the present invention, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions shall also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted antenna structure, characterized in that: It includes a PCB board and a main antenna unit and a diversity antenna unit respectively arranged on the PCB board, and the PCB board has copper foil; the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit are both formed by the copper foil, and the main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit respectively include a grounded radiation branch and a first radiation branch and a second radiation branch respectively connected to the grounded radiation branch, and the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch both have a low-frequency working frequency band and a high-frequency working frequency band, wherein the low-frequency working frequency band is 2.4GHz-2.5GHz, and the high-frequency working frequency band is 5.15GHZ-5.85GHz.

2. The vehicle-mounted antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle-mounted antenna structure also includes a metal shell for wrapping the PCB board, the metal shell is connected to the grounded radiation branch, and the metal shell forms the antenna reference ground of the main antenna unit and the antenna reference ground of the diversity antenna unit respectively.

3. A vehicle-mounted antenna structure as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The edge of the metal shell has an avoidance gap that runs through the upper surface and the lower surface thereof, and the portion of the PCB board on which the main antenna unit is arranged and the portion on which the diversity antenna unit is arranged extend into the avoidance gap respectively.

4. The vehicle-mounted antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The PCB board is provided with a first copper-exposed area surrounding the main antenna unit and a second copper-exposed area surrounding the diversity antenna unit, the grounded radiation branch of the main antenna unit is connected to the first copper-exposed area, the grounded radiation branch of the diversity antenna unit is connected to the second copper-exposed area, and the first copper-exposed area and the second copper-exposed area are respectively connected to the metal shell.

5. The vehicle-mounted antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main antenna unit is close to a first side edge of the PCB board, the diversity antenna unit is close to a second side edge of the PCB board, and the first side edge is adjacent to the second side edge.

6. The vehicle-mounted antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main antenna unit and the diversity antenna unit respectively include a first short-circuit branch and a second short-circuit branch for increasing the bandwidth of the second radiation branch, and the first short-circuit branch and the second short-circuit branch are respectively electrically connected to the grounded radiation branch.

7. The vehicle-mounted antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first radiation branch and the second radiation branch are located on opposite sides of the ground radiation branch, the second radiation branch, the first short-circuit branch and the second short-circuit branch are located on the same side of the ground radiation branch, and the first short-circuit branch is located between the second short-circuit branch and the ground radiation branch.

8. The vehicle-mounted antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The length direction of the first short-circuit branch is parallel to the length direction of the second short-circuit branch, and the length direction of the second radiation branch is perpendicular to the length direction of the first short-circuit branch.

9. The vehicle-mounted antenna structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The operating frequency band of the second radiation branch is 5.8 GHz; the length of the first short-circuit branch is a quarter wavelength of 5.8 GHz, and the length of the second short-circuit branch is a quarter wavelength of 5 GHz.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: A vehicle-mounted antenna structure comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.

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