Forklift fuel cell thermal management system
By designing the forklift fuel cell thermal management system, using components such as heaters, solid-state hydrogen storage modules, electronic thermostats and radiators, the forklift fuel cell thermal management problems are solved, which improves the response speed and reduces noise.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421179344.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-24
AI Technical Summary
If the heat generated by forklift fuel cells during operation cannot be managed effectively in a timely and efficient manner, it will lead to a degradation of fuel cell performance and shortening of life. At the same time, the existing thermal management system has slow response speed and high noise.
A forklift fuel cell thermal management system is designed, including fuel cell stacks, solid-state hydrogen storage modules, heaters, cooling water pumps, electronic thermostats and radiators. The initial temperature is heated by the heater, and the solid hydrogen storage module absorbs heat, and the electronic thermostat and radiator perform temperature regulation to reduce the power and noise of the cooling fan.
It achieves rapid increase in fuel cell stack temperature, shorten the time from start-up to rated power output, improve response speed, and reduces the power and noise of the cooling fan.
Smart Images
Figure CN222851456U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of forklift fuel cell management, in particular to a forklift fuel cell thermal management system. Background Art
[0002] Forklift fuel cells, especially proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), are devices that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. It generates electricity through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and also produces water and heat. This type of battery has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, and low noise, so it has been widely used in material handling equipment such as forklifts. During the operation of forklift fuel cells, a large amount of heat will be generated. If this heat is not managed in a timely and effective manner, it will have a serious impact on the performance and life of the fuel cell. Specifically, high temperature may cause problems such as aging of internal materials of the fuel cell and cracking of the electrolyte membrane, thereby reducing the performance and life of the fuel cell. At the same time, high temperature may also affect the balance of electrochemical reactions inside the fuel cell, resulting in a decrease in battery efficiency.
[0003] Existing forklift fuel cells take a long time to start up and output rated power, and have a slow response speed. At the same time, in order to ensure the optimal operating temperature range of the fuel cell stack, the cooling fan in the thermal management system has high power and high noise. Therefore, a forklift fuel cell thermal management system is proposed. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a forklift fuel cell thermal management system to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: a forklift fuel cell thermal management system, comprising a fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel cell stack is respectively connected to a solid-state hydrogen storage module and an electronic thermostat, wherein the electronic thermostat is respectively connected to a cooling water pump and a radiator, wherein the radiator is connected to the cooling water pump, wherein the cooling water pump is connected to a heater for heating the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, and wherein the heater is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage module.
[0006] As a further solution of the utility model: the solid-state hydrogen storage module, heater, fuel cell stack, cooling water pump and radiator are all provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet.
[0007] As a further solution of the utility model: the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the inlet pipe of the electronic thermostat, and the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the coolant outlet of the solid hydrogen storage module through a pipe.
[0008] As a further solution of the utility model: the electronic thermostat is provided with a first outlet pipe and a second outlet pipe, the first outlet pipe of the electronic thermostat is connected to the coolant inlet of the cooling water pump, the second outlet pipe of the electronic thermostat is connected to the coolant inlet of the radiator, and the coolant outlet of the radiator is connected to the coolant inlet of the cooling water pump through a pipe.
[0009] As a further solution of the utility model: the coolant inlet of the cooling water pump is connected to the cooling water tank.
[0010] As a further solution of the utility model: the coolant outlet of the cooling water pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the heater through a pipeline, and the coolant outlet of the heater is connected to the coolant inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module through a pipeline.
[0011] As a further solution of the utility model: a temperature sensor is provided at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack, the signal output end of the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the signal input end of the controller, the first signal output end of the controller is electrically connected to the signal input end of the radiator, and the second signal output end of the controller is electrically connected to the signal input end of the heater.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0013] 1. Use heater to quickly increase the temperature of the fuel cell stack at the initial start-up, shorten the time from fuel cell start-up to rated power output, and improve response speed.
[0014] 2. The use of solid-state metal hydrogen storage modules can absorb part of the heat emitted by the battery stack, reduce the power of the cooling fan in the thermal management system, and reduce noise. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a forklift fuel cell thermal management system of the utility model;
[0016] In the figure: 1. Solid-state hydrogen storage module; 2. Heater; 3. Fuel cell stack; 4. Cooling water pump; 5. Electronic thermostat; 6. Cooling water tank; 7. Radiator; 8. Controller; 9. Temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0018] See also Figure 1 In an embodiment of the utility model, a forklift fuel cell thermal management system includes a fuel cell stack 3, the fuel cell stack 3 is respectively connected to a solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 and an electronic thermostat 5, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 releases heat when storing hydrogen and absorbs heat when releasing hydrogen, the electronic thermostat 5 is respectively connected to a cooling water pump 4 and a radiator 7, the radiator 7 is connected to the cooling water pump 4, the cooling water pump 4 is connected to a heater 2 for heating the fuel cell stack 3 through a pipeline, and the heater 2 is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1.
[0019] Specifically, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1, the heater 2, the fuel cell stack 3, the cooling water pump 4 and the radiator 7 are all provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet; the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 3 is connected to the inlet pipe of the electronic thermostat 5, and the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 3 is connected to the coolant outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 through a pipe; the electronic thermostat 5 is provided with a first outlet pipe and a second outlet pipe, the first outlet pipe of the electronic thermostat 5 is opened when the temperature is lower than or equal to 80°C, and is closed when it is higher than 80°C, and the second outlet pipe of the electronic thermostat 5 is opened when the temperature is higher than 80°C. ℃ to open, and lower than or equal to 80℃ to close, the first outlet pipe of the electronic thermostat 5 is connected to the coolant inlet of the cooling water pump 4, the second outlet pipe of the electronic thermostat 5 is connected to the coolant inlet of the radiator 7, the coolant outlet of the radiator 7 is connected to the coolant inlet of the cooling water pump 4 through a pipe; the coolant outlet of the cooling water pump 4 is connected to the coolant inlet of the heater 2 through a pipe, and the coolant outlet of the heater 2 is connected to the coolant inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module 1 through a pipe; the coolant inlet of the cooling water pump 4 is connected to the cooling water tank 6, and a fan is installed in the radiator 7.
[0020] Through the design of the above scheme,
[0021] When the coolant temperature is ≤60°C, the heater 2 works and the fan of the radiator 7 does not work; specifically, the coolant in the cooling water tank 6 circulates through the cooling water pump 4, the heater 2, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1, the fuel cell stack 3, and the electronic thermostat 5 to the cooling water pump 4, and the heater 2 is used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 and the fuel cell stack 3, so as to quickly increase the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 and the fuel cell stack 3, shorten the response time of the fuel cell from startup to rated power output, and improve the response speed.
[0022] When the coolant temperature is 60℃<coolant temperature≤80℃, the heater 2 does not work and the fan of the radiator 7 does not work; specifically, the coolant in the cooling water tank 6 passes through the cooling water pump 4, the heater 2 (not working at this time), the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1, the fuel cell stack 3, and the electronic thermostat 5 to the cooling water pump 4, and the heat consumption of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 is used to dissipate the heat of the fuel cell stack 3.
[0023] When the coolant temperature is greater than 80°C, the heater 2 does not work, and the fan of the radiator 7 works, specifically as follows: the coolant in the cooling water tank 6 passes through the cooling water pump 4, the heater 2 (not working at this time), the solid hydrogen storage module 1, the fuel cell stack 3, the electronic thermostat 5, and the radiator 7 to the cooling water pump 4. The cooling fan of the radiator 7 is used to dissipate heat for the fuel cell stack 3.
[0024] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, in this embodiment, preferably, a temperature sensor 9 is provided at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 3, and the signal output end of the temperature sensor 9 is electrically connected to the signal input end of the controller 8, the first signal output end of the controller 8 is electrically connected to the signal input end of the radiator 7, and the second signal output end of the controller 8 is electrically connected to the signal input end of the heater 2.
[0025] The working principle and use process of the utility model: a part (about 30%) of the heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell stack 3 is supplied to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1, which is used for the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 to release hydrogen, and the other part is dissipated through the radiator 7. Since the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 can absorb a part of the heat emitted by the stack, the power of the cooling fan in the cooling system can be reduced, and the noise can be reduced. At the initial stage of stack startup, the heater 2 works to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 and the fuel cell stack 3, quickly increase the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 and the fuel cell stack 3, shorten the response time of the fuel cell from startup to rated power output, and improve the response speed.
[0026] Although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode includes only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
[0027] Therefore, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present application; that is, all equivalent changes made according to the scope of the claims of the present application are within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. A forklift fuel cell thermal management system, comprising a fuel cell stack (3), characterized in that: The fuel cell stack (3) is respectively connected to a solid-state hydrogen storage module (1) and an electronic thermostat (5); the electronic thermostat (5) is respectively connected to a cooling water pump (4) and a radiator (7); the radiator (7) is connected to the cooling water pump (4); the cooling water pump (4) is connected to a heater (2) for heating the fuel cell stack (3) via a pipeline; and the heater (2) is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage module (1).
2. The forklift fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage module (1), the heater (2), the fuel cell stack (3), the cooling water pump (4) and the radiator (7) are all provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet.
3. The forklift fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack (3) is connected to the inlet pipe of the electronic thermostat (5), and the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack (3) is connected to the coolant outlet of the solid hydrogen storage module (1) through a pipe.
4. The forklift fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electronic thermostat (5) is provided with a first outlet pipe and a second outlet pipe, the first outlet pipe of the electronic thermostat (5) is connected to the coolant inlet of the cooling water pump (4), the second outlet pipe of the electronic thermostat (5) is connected to the coolant inlet of the radiator (7), and the coolant outlet of the radiator (7) is connected to the coolant inlet of the cooling water pump (4) through a pipe.
5. The forklift fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The coolant inlet of the cooling water pump (4) is connected to the cooling water tank (6).
6. The forklift fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The coolant outlet of the cooling water pump (4) is connected to the coolant inlet of the heater (2) through a pipeline, and the coolant outlet of the heater (2) is connected to the coolant inlet of the solid hydrogen storage module (1) through a pipeline.
7. The forklift fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (9) is provided at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack (3); a signal output end of the temperature sensor (9) is electrically connected to a signal input end of a controller (8); a first signal output end of the controller (8) is electrically connected to a signal input end of a radiator (7); and a second signal output end of the controller (8) is electrically connected to a signal input end of a heater (2).