Stirring mechanism and cold drink machine
By designing the combination of spiral stirring paddle and L-shaped reflux tank, the problems of insufficient stirring and small stirring range in the cold drink machine are solved, and the full stirring and effective output of the materials are achieved, and the discharge efficiency is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422182973.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-29
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-05
AI Technical Summary
The insufficient stirring and small stirring range of existing cold drinkers lead to the easy agglomeration of materials in local areas, and some materials remain at the discharge port, affecting the discharge efficiency of the storage container.
A spiral stirring paddle is designed, which includes a pair of stirring sides, which spirally surround the stirring central shaft, which can fully stir the material of the ice storage container during rotation, and realize the effective output and cleaning of the material through the L-shaped reflux tank.
The material is fully stirred, avoiding the material being agglomerated in local areas, ensuring the complete output of the material, reducing the accumulation of residual materials, and improving the discharge efficiency of the storage container.
Smart Images

Figure CN222956225U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of stirring mechanisms, in particular to a stirring mechanism and a cold drink machine. Background Art
[0002] In the existing cold drink machine, an ice-like material is stored in a storage container, and the storage container is refrigerated or insulated by a refrigeration device; when the storage container needs to output the material, the material is pushed out to the outside through an internal discharging mechanism; generally, a spiral stirring paddle is used to drive the material to be output outside the storage container in the existing cold drink machine; however, the stirring range of the stirring blades of the spiral stirring paddle is limited and the shape is restricted, so problems such as insufficient stirring and small stirring range will occur; when the material is not stirred sufficiently, the material is likely to agglomerate in a local area, affecting the taste of consumption. Further, the existing spiral stirring paddle cannot completely output all the materials to the storage container at one time, so part of the material remains at the position of the discharging port. This part of the remaining material is difficult to be cleaned at the storage temperature, and then will accumulate in one body after a long time of accumulation, cannot be reused, and will also hinder the output of subsequent materials, thus affecting the discharging efficiency of the storage container. Summary of the Utility Model
[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a stirring mechanism, in which a pair of stirring edges are provided on the spiral stirring paddle, and the stirring edges are spirally wound around the stirring central axis, so as to fully stir the materials in the ice storage container during rotation.
[0004] The utility model also provides a cold drink machine, which uses the above-mentioned stirring mechanism.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0006] A stirring mechanism, comprising: an ice storage container and a spiral stirring paddle;
[0007] The ice storage container is provided with an ice outlet; the spiral stirring paddle is rotatably installed in the ice storage container;
[0008] The spiral stirring paddle comprises: a stirring central axis and stirring edges;
[0009] A pair of the stirring edges are connected to the stirring central axis and are spirally wound around the stirring central axis alternately along the length direction of the stirring central axis; the ends of the stirring edges are close to the ice outlet; the outer contour of the stirring edges is close to the inner wall of the ice storage container for conveying the materials to the ice outlet during rotation.
[0010] Optimally, the spiral stirring paddle comprises: a reflux side plate;
[0011] The reflux side plate is arranged at the end of the stirring edge, and an L-shaped reflux groove is formed between the end of the stirring edge and the reflux side plate; the L-shaped reflux groove rotates with the stirring edge, and the stirring edge receives the material near the ice outlet in the area of the reflux side plate and discharges the material in the area other than the reflux side plate, so that the material is away from the ice outlet.
[0012] Optimally, it further includes: a refrigeration mechanism;
[0013] The ice storage container includes: an ice storage shell and an ice outlet cover;
[0014] The ice outlet cover is installed on the ice storage shell; the ice storage shell is provided with an ice storage cavity, and the refrigeration end of the refrigeration mechanism is attached to the outer side wall of the ice storage cavity; the ice outlet cover is provided with an ice outlet cavity, the ice storage cavity is horizontally communicated with the ice outlet cavity, and the ice outlet cavity is provided with an ice outlet; the spiral stirring paddle is located between the ice storage cavity and the ice outlet cavity;
[0015] The stirring edge of the L-shaped reflux groove extends from near the ice outlet to the ice storage cavity.
[0016] Optimally, the ice outlet is arranged below the ice outlet cavity and at the horizontal end of the ice storage container; a plurality of mutually separated grid plates are arranged in the ice outlet; the L-shaped reflux groove rotates past the plurality of grid plates.
[0017] Optimally, the refrigeration end of the refrigeration mechanism is provided with a refrigeration pipe, and the refrigeration pipe surrounds and contacts the outer side wall of the ice storage cavity.
[0018] Optimally, it further includes: a rotating motor;
[0019] The output end of the rotating motor is connected to the spiral stirring paddle, and the rotating motor drives the spiral stirring paddle to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, so as to drive the material in the ice storage container towards the ice outlet in one rotation direction, and drive the material away from the ice outlet through the L-shaped reflux groove in the other rotation direction.
[0020] Optimally, the spiral stirring paddle further includes: a connecting rib;
[0021] One end of the connecting rib is connected to the stirring central axis, and the other end of the connecting rib is connected to the inner ring of the stirring edge; a plurality of the connecting ribs are distributed along the length direction of the stirring central axis.
[0022] Optimally, the spiral stirring paddle further includes: a stirring round seat and a reinforcing rib;
[0023] The horizontal end of the stirring edge is connected to the stirring circular seat, and the L-shaped return groove is provided at the other horizontal end of the stirring edge; one end of the reinforcing rib is connected to the stirring central axis, and the other end of the reinforcing rib is connected to the stirring circular seat; a plurality of the reinforcing ribs are distributed around the stirring circular seat.
[0024] An ice cream machine is provided with the above-mentioned stirring mechanism.
[0025] Compared with the prior art, one of the above technical solutions has the following beneficial effects:
[0026] This solution provides a stirring mechanism, in which the spiral stirring paddle is provided with a pair of stirring edges, and the stirring edges are spirally wound around the stirring central axis, and can fully stir the materials in the ice storage container during rotation, solving the problems of insufficient stirring and small stirring range of the existing ice machine, resulting in easy caking of materials in local areas. Description of the Drawings
[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the spiral stirring paddle;
[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the ice outlet;
[0029] Figure 3 is an exploded schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the stirring mechanism;
[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of one embodiment of the stirring mechanism;
[0031] Figure 5 is Figure 4 the enlarged view of part A in
[0032] Wherein:
[0033] ice storage container 1, refrigeration mechanism 2; spiral stirring paddle 4; rotation motor 5;
[0034] ice storage shell 11, ice outlet cover 12;
[0035] ice storage cavity 111; ice outlet cavity 121, ice outlet 122; grid plate 123; refrigeration pipe 21;
[0036] stirring central axis 41, stirring edge 42, return side plate 43; connecting rib 44; stirring circular seat 45, reinforcing rib 46; L-shaped return groove 421. Detailed Embodiments
[0037] Embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present utility model and should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model.
[0038] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "inner side", "outer side", "inner end", "outer end", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model. In addition, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features, which are used to distinguish and describe the features, without order or importance. In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
[0039] Such as Figures 1-5 , a stirring mechanism, comprising: an ice storage container 1 and a spiral stirring paddle 4;
[0040] The ice storage container 1 is provided with an ice outlet 122; the spiral stirring paddle 4 is rotatably installed in the ice storage container 1;
[0041] The spiral stirring paddle 4 includes: a stirring central shaft 41 and stirring edges 42;
[0042] A pair of the stirring edges 42 are connected to the stirring central shaft 41 and are spirally and alternately wound around the stirring central shaft 41 along the length direction of the stirring central shaft 41; the ends of the stirring edges 42 are close to the ice outlet 122; the outer contour of the stirring edges 42 is close to the inner wall of the ice storage container 1 for conveying materials to the ice outlet 122 during rotation.
[0043] This solution provides a stirring mechanism, in which the spiral stirring paddle 4 is provided with a pair of stirring edges 42, and the stirring edges 42 are spirally wound around the stirring central shaft 41, which can fully stir the materials in the ice storage container 1 during rotation, and solves the problems of insufficient stirring and small stirring range of the existing ice machine, resulting in easy caking of materials in local areas.
[0044] Specifically, the ice storage container 1 is the area of the ice machine for storing materials. The ice storage container 1 can be set to have a heat preservation function as needed, or a refrigeration mechanism 2 can be added as needed. Therefore, the materials are mainly stored in a cold environment and are in a solidified state. For the spiral stirring paddle 4 of this solution, a pair of stirring edges 42 are provided on the stirring central axis 41. The stirring edges 42 extend from one end of the stirring central axis 41 to the other end of the stirring central axis 41, and the stirring edges 42 are spirally and alternately distributed. That is, a section of one stirring edge 42 winds above the stirring central axis 41, and a section of the other stirring edge 42 winds below the stirring central axis 41 correspondingly. In this way, a pair of stirring edges 42 can alternately and non-contactingly surround the stirring central axis 41, forming an alternately distributed spiral structure. In this way, when the stirring central axis 41 rotates half a turn, one stirring edge 42 can push the material forward by one unit. When the stirring central axis 41 continues to rotate half a turn, the other stirring edge 42 can push the material forward by one unit. Therefore, a pair of stirring edges 42 can seamlessly push the material forward, which can shorten the residence time of the material before and after movement. The material will not stay at a certain position. Therefore, the materials in the ice storage container 1 are not easily agglomerated, and the materials can be fully stirred. At the same time, the outer contour of the stirring edge 42 is close to the inner wall of the ice storage container 1. Therefore, the outermost side of the stirring edge 42 can be close to the inner wall of the ice storage container 1, and the stirring range of the stirring edge 42 is large, which can fully stir the materials. At the same time, since the stirring edge 42 is spirally distributed, when the stirring edge 42 rotates, it will push the material towards the ice outlet 122, so that the material can be output outside the ice outlet 122, and the material can be further dispersed during the pushing process. In this way, this solution solves the problems of insufficient stirring and small stirring range of the existing ice machine, resulting in easy agglomeration of materials in local areas.
[0045] Optimally, the spiral stirring paddle 4 includes: a return side plate 43;
[0046] The return side plate 43 is arranged at the end of the stirring edge 42. An L-shaped return groove 421 is formed between the end of the stirring edge 42 and the return side plate 43. The L-shaped return groove 421 rotates with the stirring edge 42. The stirring edge 42 receives the materials near the ice outlet 122 in the area of the return side plate 43 and discharges the materials in the area other than the return side plate 43, so that the materials are away from the ice outlet 122.
[0047] In addition to stirring and conveying materials, the spiral stirring paddle 4 of this solution can also separate the materials at the ice outlet 122 from the ice outlet 122 to prevent the materials from blocking the ice outlet 122. Specifically, the stirring edge 42 is spirally distributed around the outside of the stirring central axis 41. The stirring edge 42 can be connected to the stirring central axis 41 in the middle, or can be connected to the stirring central axis 41 at the end, or at other positions. Since the stirring edge 42 is spirally wound, the two ends of the stirring edge 42 are curvedly extended. A return side plate 43 is installed at the end of the stirring edge 42, and an L-shaped return groove 421 is formed between the two. When the stirring edge 42 rotates, it will drive the L-shaped return groove 421 to rotate cyclically. When the L-shaped return groove 421 rotates, it will scrape the inner wall of the ice outlet cavity 121 near the ice outlet 122 between the stirring edge 42 and the return side plate 43, so that the scraped materials are received between the stirring edge 42 and the return side plate 43. The materials rotate with the L-shaped return groove 421. Since the end of the stirring edge 42 is curved, the return side plate 43 blocks the materials when it is at a low position, and the materials are not easily detached in the area of the return side plate 43. When the return side plate 43 rotates to a high position, the lower part of the stirring edge 42 is hollowed out, and the return side plate 43 no longer supports the materials, so the materials will come out in the area other than the return side plate 43, thus realizing the separation of the materials from the ice outlet 122. The ice outlet 122 is not likely to have residual materials, and thus will not accumulate at the ice outlet 122, reducing the impact of the accumulated materials on the subsequent discharging, and also preventing the materials remaining at the ice outlet 122 from freezing. And in this solution, only a single driving source is used to drive the rotation of the stirring central axis 41, and the functions of stirring materials, conveying materials and preventing material accumulation at the ice outlet 122 can be realized simultaneously.
[0048] Optimally, it further includes: a refrigeration mechanism 2;
[0049] The ice storage container 1 includes: an ice storage shell 11 and an ice outlet cover 12;
[0050] The ice outlet cover 12 is installed on the ice storage shell 11. The ice storage shell 11 is provided with an ice storage cavity 111, and the refrigeration end of the refrigeration mechanism 2 is attached to the outer side wall of the ice storage cavity 111. The ice outlet cover 12 is provided with an ice outlet cavity 121, the ice storage cavity 111 is horizontally communicated with the ice outlet cavity 121, the ice outlet cavity 121 is provided with an ice outlet 122. The spiral stirring paddle 4 is located between the ice storage cavity 111 and the ice outlet cavity 121;
[0051] The stirring edge 42 of the L-shaped return groove 421 extends from near the ice outlet 122 to the ice storage cavity 111.
[0052] In an optimal embodiment, the stirring edge 42 extends from near the ice outlet 122 to the ice storage cavity 111, that is, the area of the non - reflux side plate 43 is to output the material to the ice storage cavity 111 when rotating the ice storage cavity 111; thus, the material does not fall off in the area of the reflux side plate 43, that is, the material will not fall off within the ice outlet cavity 121. The reflux side plate 43 extends to the ice storage cavity 111 (such as the opening of the ice cavity 111). When the reflux side plate 43 rotates to the ice storage cavity 111 and no longer supports the material, the material will fall off at the opening of the ice storage cavity 111, thus realizing the rapid reflux of the material from the ice outlet 122 to the ice storage cavity 111, and it is not easy to accumulate materials in the ice outlet cavity 121. The refrigeration end of the refrigeration mechanism 2 is attached to the outer side wall of the ice storage cavity 111; there is no refrigeration mechanism 2 outside the ice outlet cavity 121. It mainly contacts the air or other structures. The air will be distributed around the outer side wall of the ice outlet cavity 121, so it will heat the inside of the ice outlet cavity 121 through the outer side wall of the ice outlet cavity 121, thus increasing the temperature of the ice outlet cavity 121. The temperature of the ice storage cavity 111 is lower than that of the ice outlet cavity 121. The material has higher fluidity in the ice outlet cavity 121, which can make the material easier to be discharged outside the ice outlet 122 and reduce the residue amount of the material at the ice outlet 122.
[0053] Optimally, the ice outlet 122 is arranged below the ice outlet cavity 121 and is located at the horizontal end of the ice storage container 1; a plurality of spaced - apart grid plates 123 are provided in the ice outlet 122; the L - shaped reflux groove 421 rotates past a plurality of the grid plates 123.
[0054] Such as Figure 2 , there are a plurality of grid plates 123 in the ice outlet 122, which is equivalent to being separated into several sub - outlets by the grid plates 123; and each sub - outlet can independently output the material, which can avoid the accumulation of materials at a single sub - outlet; at the same time, since the L - shaped reflux groove 421 rotates past a plurality of grid plates 123, the materials at each sub - outlet can be scraped and refluxed to the ice storage cavity 111; especially, the double - stirring - edge 42 spiral stirring paddle 4 is adopted in this scheme, and the two stirring edges 42 alternately scrape the ice outlet 122, which can scrape the multiple sub - outlets in the ice outlet 122 without gaps, and it is not easy to accumulate materials at the ice outlet 122, and the cleaning efficiency is high.
[0055] Optimally, the refrigeration end of the refrigeration mechanism 2 is provided with a refrigeration pipe 21, and the refrigeration pipe 21 surrounds and contacts the outer side wall of the ice storage cavity 111.
[0056] The refrigeration pipe 21 in this scheme can introduce a refrigeration medium, and the refrigeration medium in the refrigeration pipe 21 takes away the heat of the ice storage cavity 111, so as to keep the ice storage cavity 111 in a low - temperature state.
[0057] Optimally, it further includes: a rotating motor 5;
[0058] The output end of the rotating motor 5 is connected to the spiral stirring paddle 4. The rotating motor 5 drives the spiral stirring paddle 4 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, and is used to drive the materials in the ice storage container 1 towards the ice outlet 122 in one rotating direction, and drive the materials away from the ice outlet 122 through the L-shaped return groove 421 in the other rotating direction.
[0059] In this solution, the rotating motor 5 is replaced by a well-known motor; the rotating direction of the rotating motor 5 can be adjusted to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise respectively; as shown in the figure, when the spiral stirring paddle 4 is designed to rotate counterclockwise, the stirring edge 42 pushes the materials in the ice storage container 1 towards the ice outlet 122; thus, only by keeping the spiral stirring paddle 4 designed to rotate counterclockwise, the materials can be pushed out through the spiral stirring edge 42; and when the ice storage container 1 finishes discharging materials, the rotating direction of the rotating motor 5 can be switched, and the spiral stirring paddle 4 is switched to rotate clockwise, so as to scrape the inner wall of the ice storage container 1 near the ice outlet 122 through the L-shaped return groove 421, and return the materials remaining near the ice outlet 122 to a position far from the ice outlet 122.
[0060] Optimally, the spiral stirring paddle 4 further includes: a connecting rib 44;
[0061] One end of the connecting rib 44 is connected to the stirring central axis 41, and the other end of the connecting rib 44 is connected to the inner ring of the stirring edge 42; a plurality of the connecting ribs 44 are distributed along the length direction of the stirring central axis 41.
[0062] There are a plurality of connecting ribs 44, mainly to connect different horizontal positions of the stirring edge 42 to the stirring central axis 41 respectively, which can improve the connection tightness between the stirring central axis 41 and the stirring edge 42. During the rotation of the stirring edge 42, it is not easy to deform or shake, and the mechanical strength of the stirring edge 42 is improved. At the same time, the stirring edge 42 is spirally distributed, and the stirring edge 42 is divided into an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner ring is mainly connected to the connecting rib 44, and the area outside the inner ring is the main stirring range; therefore, the connecting rib 44 in the inner ring can also be used to stir the materials located in the inner ring of the stirring edge 42, which can make up for the stirring blind area of the stirring edge 42.
[0063] Optimally, the spiral stirring paddle 4 further includes: a stirring round seat 45 and a reinforcing rib 46;
[0064] The horizontal one end of the stirring edge 42 is connected to the stirring round seat 45, and the L-shaped return groove 421 is arranged at the horizontal other end of the stirring edge 42; one end of the reinforcing rib 46 is connected to the stirring central axis 41, and the other end of the reinforcing rib 46 is connected to the stirring round seat 45; a plurality of the reinforcing ribs 46 are distributed around the stirring round seat 45.
[0065] The reinforcing rib 46 of this solution is arranged at one end of the stirring edge 42. The reinforcing rib 46 connects the stirring round seat 45 to the stirring central shaft 41. The end of the stirring central shaft 41 is connected to the stirring round seat 45 through the reinforcing rib 46, and the number of the reinforcing ribs 46 is multiple and distributed in a surrounding manner, which can improve the connection tightness between the stirring round seat 45 and the stirring central shaft 41. At the same time, the reinforcing rib 46 can stir the materials at the end of the stirring edge 42, which can make up for the stirring blind area of the stirring edge 42. And the stirring edge 42 is connected to the stirring round seat 45 at the end. Combining the connection of the connecting rib 44 to the stirring edge 42, the connection stability between the stirring edge 42 and the stirring central shaft 41 is further improved.
[0066] An ice cream machine is provided with a stirring mechanism according to any of the above embodiments.
[0067] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A stirring mechanism, characterized in that: include: Ice storage container and propeller; The ice storage container is provided with an ice outlet; The spiral stirring blade is rotatably installed in the ice storage container; The spiral stirring paddle comprises: a stirring center shaft and a stirring edge; A pair of stirring edges are connected to the stirring central shaft and alternately spirally surround the stirring central shaft along the length direction of the stirring central shaft; the ends of the stirring edges are close to the ice outlet; the outer contour of the stirring edges is close to the inner wall of the ice storage container, and is used to transfer materials to the ice outlet during rotation.
2. A stirring mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral stirring paddle comprises: a reflux side plate; The reflux side plate is arranged at the end of the stirring edge, and an L-shaped reflux groove is formed between the end of the stirring edge and the reflux side plate; the L-shaped reflux groove rotates with the stirring edge, and the stirring edge receives materials near the ice outlet in the area of the reflux side plate, and removes materials in the area other than the reflux side plate, so that the materials are away from the ice outlet.
3. A stirring mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: Refrigeration mechanism; The ice storage container comprises: an ice storage shell and an ice outlet cover; The ice discharging cover is installed on the ice storage shell; the ice storage shell is provided with an ice storage cavity, and the refrigeration end of the refrigeration mechanism is attached to the outer wall of the ice storage cavity; the ice discharging cover is provided with an ice discharging cavity, the ice storage cavity is horizontally connected to the ice discharging cavity, and the ice discharging cavity is provided with an ice discharging port; the spiral stirring paddle is located between the ice storage cavity and the ice discharging cavity; The stirring edge of the L-shaped reflux groove extends from the vicinity of the ice outlet to the ice storage cavity.
4. A stirring mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ice outlet is arranged below the ice outlet cavity and is located at a horizontal end of the ice storage container; a plurality of grid plates separated from each other are arranged in the ice outlet; and the L-shaped reflux groove rotates and passes through the plurality of grid plates.
5. A stirring mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: A refrigeration pipe is provided at the refrigeration end of the refrigeration mechanism, and the refrigeration pipe surrounds and contacts the outer side wall of the ice storage cavity.
6. A stirring mechanism according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: Also includes: Rotate the motor; The output end of the rotating motor is connected to the spiral stirring paddle, and the rotating motor drives the spiral stirring paddle to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, so as to drive the material in the ice storage container toward the ice outlet in one rotation direction, and drive the material away from the ice outlet through the L-shaped reflux groove in the other rotation direction.
7. A stirring mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spiral stirring blade further comprises: a connecting rib; One end of the connecting rib is connected to the stirring center shaft, and the other end of the connecting rib is connected to the inner circle of the stirring edge; a plurality of the connecting ribs are distributed along the length direction of the stirring center shaft.
8. A stirring mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spiral stirring paddle also includes: a stirring round seat and reinforcing ribs; One horizontal end of the stirring edge is connected to the stirring round seat, and the other horizontal end of the stirring edge is provided with the L-shaped reflux groove; one end of the reinforcing rib is connected to the stirring center axis, and the other end of the reinforcing rib is connected to the stirring round seat; a plurality of the reinforcing ribs are distributed around the stirring round seat.
9. A cold drink machine, characterized in that: A stirring mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is provided.