Integrated passenger car high-voltage power distribution structure and passenger car

Abstract

The utility model discloses an integrated passenger car high-voltage power distribution structure and a passenger car. The integrated passenger car high-voltage power distribution structure comprises a battery module interface, a battery output interface and a BMS control module. The battery module interfaces comprise a battery pack interface, a battery heat management interface, a charging interface and a communication interface which are connected in parallel through high-voltage wires; the BMS control module comprises a parameter detection unit, and the parameter detection unit is electrically connected with each interface of the battery module interface so as to detect parameters of the battery; the BMS control module comprises a communication terminal, and the communication terminal is connected with the communication interface; and the battery output interface comprises a driving motor interface, a vehicle-mounted charging interface, a DC / DC converter interface, an air conditioner interface and an auxiliary power supply interface which are connected in parallel through the high-voltage lead. The system has the advantages that the system complexity is reduced due to the high integration level, the installation space requirement on the whole vehicle is remarkably reduced, the space efficiency and the design flexibility are improved, meanwhile, interaction between modules is simplified, and the maintainability and the collaboration of the whole system are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the high-voltage power distribution and battery control system in the field of new energy buses, and specifically relates to a power battery controller (BMS), a power battery junction box, and a vehicle high-voltage distribution box. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the bus industry usually uses a control box (containing BMS) provided by a power battery manufacturer and a corresponding battery junction box to complete the management of the battery system's SOC (State of Charge), battery cell balancing, battery temperature, etc., as well as the distribution of charging, discharging, and battery heating and line protection. In addition, the power distribution function (such as high-voltage devices like drive, air conditioner, steering pump, etc.) and line protection are achieved through a high-voltage power distribution box. However, the current system has a relatively high degree of component separation, with multiple interconnected wire harnesses, occupying a large amount of space and having a high cost. Coordination is required among different components, involving a large amount of communication control, making the entire system appear relatively complex.

[0003] Due to the existence of the above problems, it is necessary to improve the high-voltage power distribution and battery control system of new energy buses by integrating and simplifying the wiring and optimizing the control to provide a more efficient, compact, and economical solution. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The objective of this application is to solve multiple problems existing in the current new energy bus system, including component separation, complex interconnected wire harnesses, large space occupation, and high cost, by integrating and simplifying the wiring and optimizing the control. By integrating the control box (BMS) of the power battery, the battery junction box, and the vehicle high-voltage power distribution box.

[0005] The technical solution of this application is to use a BMS with a multi-output control function as the main control component to complete management tasks such as the SOC (State of Charge) of the battery system, battery cell balancing, and battery temperature. At the same time, through the control and monitoring of the multi-output, the high-voltage power distribution and line protection functions of the vehicle are realized. This solution provides a more simplified and reliable battery management and high-voltage power distribution solution for the new energy bus system by leveraging the versatility and maturity of the BMS.

[0006] Specifically, the present application discloses an integrated high-voltage power distribution structure for buses, which includes a battery module interface, a battery output interface, a BMS control module, etc. The battery module interface includes a battery pack interface, a battery thermal management interface, a charging interface, and a communication interface. The BMS control module includes a parameter detection unit and a communication terminal, and is used to detect battery parameters and connect to the communication interface. The high-voltage wires are electrically connected to each interface in the battery module interface and the battery output interface through switches. Among them, the battery pack interface is connected in parallel with a pre-charge circuit, and the pre-charge circuit includes a series-connected switch and resistor. A current sensor is connected to the high-voltage wire, and the current sensor is connected to the current detection interface of the BMS detection module. The BMS module includes a cell balancing module, a charge and discharge management module, a temperature management module, and an insulation detection module. A fuse is connected in series to the high-voltage wire of each interface in the battery output interface. The battery output interface also includes a diagnostic interface, which is electrically connected to the BMS module. Finally, the entire structure can be applied to buses.

[0007] The progress of the present application compared with the prior art is as follows:

[0008] 1. The system has a complete battery management function, including SOC, cell balancing, charge and discharge management, and temperature management, etc., to ensure the efficient operation of the battery system.

[0009] 2. The system has an insulation detection function, which improves the safety and stability of the high-voltage circuit and reduces the potential failure risk.

[0010] 3. The pre-charge function of the discharge circuit is integrated to effectively manage the energy release and improve the energy efficiency and performance of the system.

[0011] 4. The distribution and protection of high-voltage power consumption are realized, ensuring the reasonable distribution of power among various devices, and at the same time providing an effective protection mechanism.

[0012] 5. The high integration degree reduces the system complexity, significantly reduces the installation space requirement on the vehicle, improves the space efficiency and design flexibility, and reduces the manufacturing cost.

[0013] 6. The high integration degree of the system simplifies the interaction between modules, enhances the maintainability and cooperation of the overall system.

[0014] In summary, through these advantages, the system provides a reliable, efficient, and economical comprehensive solution for new energy buses, meeting the various needs of the vehicle system. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of one end of the battery module interface.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of one end of the battery output interface. Detailed Embodiments

[0017] To more effectively assist those skilled in the art in understanding the technical solution of the present application, the implementation embodiments will be described in detail below and illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To provide a more in-depth explanation and examples to ensure that those skilled in the art have a more comprehensive and clear understanding of the technical content of the present application. It should be emphasized that although detailed explanations and examples are provided, this does not mean any limitation to the protection scope of the present application. Ultimately, the protection scope of the present application shall still be subject to the limitations in the claims.

[0018] It should be noted that Figure 1 and Figure 2 are both schematic diagrams of local module structures. In these figures, components and structures unrelated to the core idea of the invention of the present application are omitted. However, these omitted parts do not affect those skilled in the art from implementing a complete circuit structure based on the technical solution disclosed in the present application and the prior art. Therefore, Figure 1 and Figure 2 are clearly and completely disclosed, and are sufficient for those skilled in the art to understand and implement the technical solution of the present application.

[0019] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 as shown.

[0020] An integrated high-voltage power distribution structure for a bus, which is housed in a housing 100. The high-voltage power distribution structure includes a battery module interface 200, a battery output interface 300, and a BMS control module. The battery module interface 200 is connected in parallel through a high-voltage wire 205 (the wire with a larger line width in the figure) to a battery pack interface 201, a battery thermal management interface 202, a charging interface 203, and a communication interface 204. The BMS control module 400 includes a parameter detection unit 401, which is electrically connected to each interface of the battery module interface for detecting battery parameters. At the same time, the BMS control module 400 also includes communication terminals, which are connected to the communication interface 204.

[0021] Optionally, the battery module interface 200 and the battery output interface 300 follow common industry standards or national standards. These standards include but are not limited to the Chinese national standard GB / T, the Japanese standard CHAdeMO, the combined charging system standard CCS, and the IEC standard formulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission, etc.

[0022] Among them, the battery pack interface 201 is the physical connection point of the battery system, and is connected to the battery cells in the battery pack through the high-voltage wire 205. It plays a role in transmitting electric energy, transmitting the electric energy generated by the battery cells to the entire battery system.

[0023] Among them, the battery thermal management interface 202 is used to connect to the thermal management module in the battery system. The function of this interface is to monitor and regulate the temperature of the battery, ensure that the battery operates within an appropriate temperature range, and improve the performance and lifespan of the battery.

[0024] Among them, the charging interface 203 is where the battery system connects to an external power source. Through the charging interface 203, the battery can receive electrical energy from the external power source for charging.

[0025] Among them, the communication interface 204 is used to connect to the communication module 402 in the battery management system (BMS). This interface enables the battery system to communicate with the vehicle's overall electrical system, realizing the monitoring and management of information such as the battery's state, charge, temperature, etc. The communication interface may also interact with external devices or networks for data exchange to achieve remote monitoring and diagnosis.

[0026] Preferably, the parameters detected by the BMS control module 400 include but are not limited to: the voltage, current, temperature, charge state, health state, cell voltage balance, insulation resistance, and internal resistance of the battery, etc. By monitoring the electrical characteristics and environmental conditions of the battery, the BMS control module 400 ensures the safe operation and performance optimization of the battery system.

[0027] Taking the circuit structure in the parameter detection module of the BMS control module 400 as an example of the voltage detection module 403, the voltage detection module is a hardware component of the BMS chip. This module is responsible for processing the voltage data detected from the battery cells or battery packs, and transmitting the digitized data to the execution module in the BMS control module 400. The voltage detection module 403 is connected in parallel with the high-voltage wire to the battery pack interface 201 and the battery thermal management interface 202 to receive the voltage signals in the battery system. The BMS control module 400 can obtain the voltage information of the battery in real time, providing the necessary data for the monitoring and management of the battery state.

[0028] The BMS control module 400 also includes multiple sub-modules, including the SOC module 403, the cell balancing module 404, the charge and discharge management module 405, the temperature management module 406, and the insulation detection module 407. These modules can be software modules of a general-purpose processor or hardware modules such as FPGA, ASIC, etc.

[0029] Among them, the SOC module 403 is responsible for estimating the charge state of the battery, that is, the percentage of the electrical energy currently stored in the battery relative to its maximum electrical energy capacity. By accurately estimating the SOC, the BMS control module 400 can provide real-time information on the remaining available energy of the battery, helping the driver better manage the use of the battery.

[0030] Among them, the monomer balancing module 404 monitors and adjusts the voltage differences among the individual battery monomers in the battery pack. By implementing balancing operations, such as discharging or charging the battery monomers, it ensures that the charge levels of each monomer in the battery pack are kept consistent, thereby improving the lifespan and performance of the battery pack.

[0031] Among them, the charge and discharge management module 405 is responsible for controlling the charging and discharging processes of the battery. This includes functions such as charging control, discharging control, overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, etc., to ensure that the battery operates within a safe and efficient range.

[0032] Among them, the temperature management module 406 monitors the temperature of the battery pack and takes measures to ensure that the battery operates within an appropriate temperature range. This may include temperature sensors, heat dissipation control, and temperature regulation devices to prevent the impact of overheating or overcooling on the battery performance and safety.

[0033] Among them, the insulation detection module 407 is used to monitor the insulation status of the battery system. It detects whether there are insulation faults between the battery system and the vehicle structure or other electrical components to prevent short circuits and improve the safety of the battery system.

[0034] These sub-modules of the BMS control module 400 work together to ensure that the battery system operates safely, stably, and efficiently under various working conditions. The design goal of the BMS control module 400 is to comprehensively monitor and manage all aspects of the battery to improve the performance, lifespan, and overall reliability of the battery system.

[0035] Furthermore, the high-voltage wire 205 is electrically connected to each of the battery module interface 200 and the battery output interface 300 through a switch. The switch is a relay controlled by the BMS module.

[0036] Furthermore, the battery pack interface 201 is connected in parallel with a pre-charge circuit 207. The pre-charge circuit 207 includes a series-connected switch 206 and resistor 208. The pre-charge circuit 207 plays a role when the high-voltage battery system is connected. By gradually increasing the voltage at the power-consuming end, and then reducing the voltage difference between the two ends, it effectively reduces the current impact, lowers the risk of arc generation, and provides a smooth startup process. This helps to protect the battery and related electronic components and improves the overall safety and stability of the battery system.

[0037] Further, a current sensor 209 is connected to the high-voltage wire 205, and the current sensor 209 is connected to the current detection interface of the BMS detection module. The current sensor 209 is an inductive current sensor 209, and its structure generally includes a magnetic core and windings. The magnetic core is used to concentrate and guide the magnetic field generated by the current. The magnetic core includes silicon steel sheets or ferrite. The windings are coils wrapped around the magnetic core. When current passes through the high-voltage wire 205, a magnetic field is generated in the magnetic core, and this magnetic field generates a voltage signal in the windings. The BMS detects the current signal on the high-voltage wire by detecting this voltage signal.

[0038] During operation, the high-voltage power of the power battery first passes through the MSD (manual disconnect) and the pre-charge circuit 208 controlled by the BMS to prepare for the power consumption of the whole vehicle. Subsequently, the BMS control module 400 controls the thermal management relay to supply power to the battery thermal system to ensure operation within an appropriate temperature range. The charging function is realized by the BMS control module 400 controlling the charging relay to charge the battery safely and effectively.

[0039] The internal network of the battery system is responsible for collecting voltage and temperature information in the battery pack, and at the same time obtaining current signals through the internal current sensor 209. These data are aggregated into the BMS control module 400 for performing functions such as estimating the SOC (state of charge), charge and discharge management of the power battery, and passive equalization of each battery cell, which are the conventional functions of the BMS control module 400. In addition, the system also includes corresponding voltage, current detection circuits and insulation detection circuits to achieve some auxiliary functions and enhance the performance and safety of the overall battery system. Through the above control and monitoring means, the power distribution system can effectively manage the power battery to ensure the reliable operation of the vehicle's power system.

[0040] Refer to Figure 2 As shown, the battery output interface is connected in parallel with the drive motor interface 401, the on-vehicle charging interface 402, the DC / DC converter interface 404, the air conditioner interface 406, and the auxiliary power supply interface 408 through high-voltage wires. This structure integrates the battery management and high-voltage output functions.

[0041] The driving motor interface 401, vehicle-mounted charging interface 402, DC / DC converter interface 404, air conditioner interface 406, and auxiliary power interface 408 are connected in parallel to the high-voltage wire. The battery output interface has become a dedicated interface for various high-voltage uses and the wire 409 of the corresponding high-voltage interlock circuit. The function of the high-voltage interlock circuit mainly lies in ensuring the safe operation of the high-voltage system. By implementing safe power-off, preventing misoperation, equipment protection, operation sequence control, and system integration, the high-voltage interlock circuit effectively guards against potential dangerous situations and ensures the reliability and safety of the high-voltage system. This circuit design aims to prevent unsafe operations, provide an emergency power-off function, and integrate with the entire system to ensure the stable and safe operation of the high-voltage system under various operating and environmental conditions.

[0042] At the same time, each branch line led out is protected by a high-voltage fuse with a suitable specification (labeled F1 - F6). The high-voltage wire of each interface in the battery output interface is in series with a fuse (labeled F1 - F6). The fuse is used to conduct current in the circuit, but when the current exceeds its rated value, the fuse will break the circuit to prevent the current from flowing continuously, playing the role of overload protection.

[0043] The battery output interface includes a diagnostic interface 410, and the diagnostic interface 410 is electrically connected to the BMS control module 400. The diagnostic interface 410 allows the connection of diagnostic equipment, and through this interface 410, the status of the battery system and the working conditions of each part can be obtained. By monitoring and analyzing the information of the diagnostic interface, possible faults or abnormalities in the battery system can be detected in a timely manner, facilitating fault diagnosis and repair.

[0044] Preferably, the housing 100 is used for protection and isolation and is made of materials with high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and good insulation. The housing 100 has good sealing, effectively isolating external environmental pollution such as dust and moisture to ensure the normal operation of internal electrical components. The housing is designed with heat dissipation structures such as heat dissipation grooves and heat sinks to maintain an appropriate temperature of the system.

[0045] Preferably, the housing 100 adopts a modular design, making the components easier to install, replace, and maintain. The safety lock mechanism ensures that only authorized personnel can open the housing, preventing unauthorized personnel from accessing the electrical components and improving the operation safety of the system.

[0046] Preferably, the housing 100 has identification and indication functions, which helps users and maintenance personnel understand the functions and status of different parts.

[0047] Preferably, the housing 100 has electromagnetic compatibility and adopts a shielding design to reduce electromagnetic interference.

[0048] The improvements of this application over the prior art are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the system has comprehensive battery management functions, including SOC, cell balancing, charge and discharge management, and temperature management, etc., to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the battery system; Second, the system has an insulation detection function, which improves the safety and stability of the high-voltage circuit and reduces the potential failure risk; Third, the system integrates the pre-charge function of the discharge circuit, effectively manages the energy release, and improves the energy efficiency and performance of the system; In addition, the system realizes the distribution and protection of high-voltage power consumption, ensures the reasonable distribution of power among various devices, and provides an effective protection mechanism; Finally, the high degree of integration reduces the system complexity, significantly reduces the installation space requirements on the vehicle, improves the space efficiency and design flexibility, simplifies the interaction between modules at the same time, and enhances the maintainability and cooperation of the overall system.

Claims

1. An integrated bus high voltage power distribution structure, characterized in that: include: Battery module interface, battery output interface, communication interface and BMS control module; The battery module interface includes the battery pack interface, battery thermal management interface, and charging interface, which are connected in parallel through high-voltage wires; The BMS control module includes a parameter detection unit, which is electrically connected to each interface of the battery module interface to detect the parameters of the battery; The BMS control module includes a communication terminal, and the communication terminal is electrically connected to the communication interface; The battery output interface includes a drive motor interface, a vehicle charging interface, a DC / DC converter interface, an air conditioning interface, and an auxiliary power supply interface connected in parallel through the high-voltage wire.

2. The integrated bus high voltage distribution structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-voltage wire is electrically connected to each of the battery module interface and the battery output interface through a switch.

3. The integrated bus high voltage distribution structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The battery pack interface is connected in parallel with a pre-charging circuit.

4. The integrated bus high voltage distribution structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The pre-charging circuit includes a switch and a resistor connected in series.

5. The integrated bus high voltage distribution structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The high voltage wire is connected to a current sensor, and the current sensor is connected to a current detection interface of a BMS detection module.

6. The integrated bus high voltage distribution structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The BMS control module includes a cell balancing module, a charge and discharge management module, a temperature management module and an insulation detection module.

7. The integrated bus high voltage power distribution structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high voltage wire of each battery output interface is connected in series with a fuse.

8. The integrated bus high voltage power distribution structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery output interface includes a diagnostic interface, and the diagnostic interface is electrically connected to the BMS control module.

9. A passenger car, characterized in that: It comprises an integrated bus high-voltage power distribution structure as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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