Nasal passage type air guide device and nasal passage type odor array sensor
Through the design of nasal air conduction devices, the microflower and splitter structures are used to quickly guide the detected substance odor mixture gas to the olfactory element, solving the problems of slow detection speed and low accuracy of existing olfactory sensors, and achieving efficient and accurate odor detection.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420727356.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-10
AI Technical Summary
The detection speed of existing olfactory sensors is slow, the detection accuracy is low, and external non-detection gases may enter the gas chamber and affect the detection accuracy.
A nasal air conductor device is designed, including an upper air conductor and a lower air conductor, and the mixture of odor gases detected by the detected substances is quickly guided to the olfactory element through the microflower and the splitter structure, increasing the concentration and reaching the detection threshold.
The detection reaction speed and detection efficiency of the nasal odor array sensor are improved, and the problem of external environment changes affecting detection accuracy is avoided. The multiple olfactory elements improve detection accuracy and efficiency, reducing R&D and training costs.
Smart Images

Figure CN222965156U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of olfactory sensors, in particular to a nasal cavity type air guiding device and a nasal cavity type odor array sensor. Background Art
[0002] Olfactory perception devices are widely used in applications such as environmental monitoring and disease diagnosis. However, compared with perception devices based on physical parameters such as light-based visual perception devices, sound-wave-based auditory perception devices, and pressure-based tactile perception devices, perception devices based on chemical parameters such as olfactory perception devices have limited development due to the high complexity of chemical information processing. The five senses of human beings, namely vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, are the five main channels for the brain to obtain information from the surrounding environment. Among them, vision is the primary sense of human beings, while for many other animals (such as dogs and cats), smell and hearing may be their main senses. Entering the information technology era, artificial perception devices, such as cameras and microphones, have become key components of many intelligent systems today. The development of artificial olfactory devices is crucial for the guarantee of human life and the establishment of artificial senses in intelligent systems (such as advanced robots and portable intelligent devices).
[0003] Olfactory sensors simulate the biological olfactory system and accurately identify gases or odors based on the influence of gas molecules on the electrical signals of the sensors, and have wide applications in public safety, food industry, environmental monitoring, and medical detection.
[0004] In general, an existing olfactory sensor is provided with an air chamber, and olfactory elements are placed in the air chamber. The mixed gas of the odor of the substance to be detected is input into the air chamber until the concentration of the substance to be detected rises to reach the detection critical value of the olfactory elements. This process takes a long time, resulting in a slow response speed of the olfactory sensor. Since the air chamber is connected to the outside, external non-detection gases have the opportunity to enter the air chamber and be detected by the olfactory elements, which will affect the detection accuracy of the olfactory sensor. Summary of the Utility Model
[0005] Based on this, in view of the problems of slow detection speed and low detection accuracy of existing olfactory sensors, it is necessary to provide a nasal cavity type air guiding device and a nasal cavity type odor array sensor.
[0006] A nasal cavity type air guiding device includes:
[0007] An upper air guiding member, the upper air guiding member is provided with an air inlet hole, an air inlet nasal passage is arranged at an end of the upper air guiding member away from the air inlet hole, the air inlet hole is communicated with the air inlet nasal passage, the air inlet nasal passage includes a shunt passage, a micro-channel and an air inlet passage, the number of the micro-channels is at least two, the two micro-channels are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the shunt passage, the micro-channel is communicated with the shunt passage, and the air inlet passage is communicated with the micro-channel; and
[0008] A lower air guiding member, the lower air guiding member is arranged in an overlapping manner with the upper air guiding member, an embedding groove for embedding an olfactory element is arranged at an end of the lower air guiding member away from the upper air guiding member, an olfactory element air inlet groove, an olfactory element air outlet groove and an exhaust passage are formed at an end of the lower air guiding member close to the upper air guiding member, the olfactory element air inlet groove is arranged corresponding to the air inlet passage, the olfactory element air inlet groove is communicated with the embedding groove, the olfactory element air outlet groove is separated from the olfactory element air inlet groove by a partition wall, the olfactory element air outlet groove is communicated with the embedding groove, an exhaust port is arranged on a side wall of the lower air guiding member, the olfactory element air outlet groove is communicated with the exhaust port through the exhaust passage, and the olfactory element air inlet groove, the olfactory element air outlet groove and the air inlet passage correspond to each other one by one.
[0009] In one embodiment, the number of the micro-channels is multiple, the multiple micro-channels are arranged in pairs, and multiple pairs of the micro-channels are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the shunt passage.
[0010] In one embodiment, the two micro-channels arranged in pairs are arranged opposite to each other along the width direction of the shunt passage.
[0011] In one embodiment, the olfactory element air inlet groove and the air inlet passage have the same shape and size, and the olfactory element air inlet groove and the air inlet passage overlap each other.
[0012] In one embodiment, the nasal passage type air guiding device further includes an air inlet joint, the air inlet joint is fixedly connected to the upper air guiding member, and the air inlet joint is communicated with the air inlet hole.
[0013] A nasal passage type odor array sensor, including a circuit board, an olfactory element arranged on the circuit board and the nasal passage type air guiding device as described above, an induction cavity is arranged inside the olfactory element, the olfactory element is provided with an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole, both the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are communicated with the induction cavity, the olfactory element is embedded in the embedding groove, the olfactory element abuts against the partition wall, the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are separated by the partition wall, the air inlet hole is communicated with the olfactory element air inlet groove, and the air outlet hole is communicated with the olfactory element air outlet groove.
[0014] In one embodiment, the nasal passage type odor array sensor further includes a signal connector, the signal connector is fixedly arranged on the circuit board, and the olfactory element is electrically connected to the signal connector.
[0015] In one embodiment, the nasal passage type odor array sensor further includes a base and an isolation seat. The circuit board is provided with screw holes, and the isolation seat and the base are both provided with through holes. Bolts pass through the through holes and cooperate with the screw holes, and the base, the isolation seat and the circuit board are fixedly connected. The isolation seat is arranged between the base and the circuit board.
[0016] In one embodiment, the nasal passage type odor array sensor further includes an adjustable resistor. The adjustable resistor is connected to the olfactory element. The adjustable resistor is arranged on the end face of the olfactory element away from the lower air guiding member, and the base is provided with an adjustment hole for adjusting the adjustable resistor.
[0017] In one embodiment, the connection between the upper air guiding member and the lower air guiding member and the connection between the lower air guiding member and the circuit board are both sealed with epoxy resin.
[0018] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: Through the cooperation of the upper air guiding member and the lower air guiding member, the odor mixed gas of the substance to be detected can be quickly guided to the olfactory element, so that the concentration of the substance to be detected quickly rises to reach the detection critical value of the olfactory element, thereby improving the detection reaction speed of the nasal passage type odor array sensor and improving the detection efficiency; at the same time, the problem of affecting the detection accuracy due to changes in the external environment can be avoided, effectively improving the detection accuracy of the present nasal passage type odor array sensor; multiple olfactory elements can effectively improve the detection accuracy and detection efficiency of the nasal passage type odor array sensor, and can also shorten the sampling training, reduce the number of sampling training times, save sampling test consumables, and reduce the R & D and training costs. Description of the Drawings
[0019] Figure 1 is an exploded view of the nasal passage type air guiding device of the present utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the structural diagram of the lower air guiding member in the nasal passage type air guiding device shown in
[0021] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the cross-sectional view of part A-A in
[0022] Figure 4 is an exploded view of the nasal passage type odor array sensor of the present utility model;
[0023] Figure 5 is the internal structural diagram of the nasal passage type odor array sensor of the present utility model;
[0024] Figure 6 is Figure 5 the enlarged view of part B in
[0025] The meanings of the reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:
[0026] 100 - Nasal passage type air guiding device;
[0027] 10 - Upper air guiding part, 11 - Air inlet hole, 12 - Air inlet nasal passage, 121 - Shunt passage, 122 - Microchannel, 123 - Air inlet passage;
[0028] 20 - Lower air guiding part, 21 - Embedded groove, 22 - Olfactory element air inlet groove, 223 - Olfactory element air outlet groove, 24 - Exhaust passage, 25 - Exhaust port, 26 - Partition wall;
[0029] 30 - Air inlet connector;
[0030] 200 - Nasal passage type odor array sensor;
[0031] 210 - Circuit board;
[0032] 220 - Olfactory element, 221 - Air inlet, 222 - Sensing cavity, 223 - Air outlet;
[0033] 230 - Signal connector;
[0034] 240 - Base, 241 - Adjusting hole;
[0035] 250 - Isolation seat. Specific embodiments
[0036] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present utility model more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present utility model. However, the present utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present utility model. Therefore, the present utility model is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0037] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model.
[0038] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
[0039] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installed", "connected", "joined", "fixed", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0040] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.
[0041] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "up", "down", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation.
[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 , a nasal passage type air guiding device 100 according to an embodiment of the present utility model, includes an upper air guiding member 10 and a lower air guiding member 20, and the upper air guiding member 10 and the lower air guiding member 20 are stacked on top of each other up and down.
[0043] Please refer to Figure 1, the upper air guiding member 10 is provided with an air inlet hole 11, an air inlet nasal passage 12 is provided at an end of the upper air guiding member 10 away from the air inlet hole 11, the air inlet hole 11 is communicated with the air inlet nasal passage 12, the air inlet nasal passage 12 includes a flow dividing passage 121, a micro flow passage 122 and an air inlet passage 123, the length of the flow dividing passage 121 is 38.6 mm, the width of the flow dividing passage 121 is 10 mm, the micro flow passage 122 is communicated with the flow dividing passage 121, the number of the micro flow passages 122 is 10, the 10 micro flow passages 122 are arranged in pairs, and 5 pairs of the micro flow passages 122 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the flow dividing passage 121. The paired micro flow passages 122 are arranged opposite to each other along the width direction of the flow dividing passage 121. The width of the micro flow passage 122 is 1 mm. The air inlet passage 123 is communicated with the micro flow passage 122, the air inlet passage 123 is arranged in a runway-shaped structure, the length direction of the air inlet passage 123 is parallel to the length direction of the flow dividing passage 121, the length of the air inlet passage 123 is 3.6 mm, and the width of the air inlet passage 123 is 1 mm.
[0044] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , an embedding groove 21 for embedding an olfactory element is provided at an end of the lower air guiding member 20 away from the upper air guiding member 10, an olfactory element air inlet groove 22, an olfactory element air outlet groove 23 and an exhaust passage 24 are formed at an end of the lower air guiding member 20 close to the upper air guiding member 10, the olfactory element air inlet groove 22 has the same shape and size as the air inlet passage 123, and the olfactory element air inlet groove 22 and the air inlet passage 123 are superposed with each other. The olfactory element air inlet groove 22 is communicated with the embedding groove 21, the olfactory element air outlet groove 23 is separated from the olfactory element air inlet groove 22 by a partition wall 26, the olfactory element air outlet groove 23 is communicated with the embedding groove 21, an exhaust port 25 is provided on the side wall of the lower air guiding member 20, the olfactory element air outlet groove 23 is communicated with the exhaust port 25 through the exhaust passage 24, and the olfactory element air inlet groove 22, the olfactory element air outlet groove 23 and the air inlet passage 123 correspond to each other one by one. In this way, the nasal passage type air guiding device 100 can quickly guide the odor mixed gas of the substance to be detected onto the olfactory element 220, so that the concentration of the substance to be detected quickly rises to reach the detection critical value of the olfactory element 220, thereby improving the detection reaction speed of the nasal passage type odor array sensor 200 and improving the detection efficiency.
[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 , the nasal passage type air guiding device 100 further includes an air inlet joint 30, the air inlet joint 30 is fixedly connected to the upper air guiding member 10, and the air inlet joint 30 is communicated with the air inlet hole 11.
[0046] Please refer to Figure 4, A nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200, comprising a circuit board 210, an olfactory element 220 disposed on the circuit board 210, and the nasal cavity type air guiding device 100 as described above. An induction cavity 222 is provided inside the olfactory element 220. An air inlet hole 221 and an air outlet hole 223 are provided on the surface of the olfactory element 220. Both the air inlet hole 221 and the air outlet hole 223 communicate with the induction cavity 222. The olfactory element 220 is embedded in the embedding groove 21, and the olfactory element 220 abuts against the partition wall 26. The air inlet hole 221 and the air outlet hole 223 are separated by the partition wall 26. The air inlet hole 221 communicates with the olfactory element air inlet groove 22, and the air outlet hole 223 communicates with the olfactory element air outlet groove 23. The connection between the upper air guiding member 10 and the lower air guiding member 20 and the connection between the lower air guiding member 20 and the circuit board 210 are both sealed with epoxy resin, so as to ensure that the olfactory element 220 is in a closed space, effectively avoiding the problem that the detection accuracy is affected by changes in the external environment, and effectively improving the detection accuracy of the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200.
[0047] Microspheres are provided on the olfactory element 220, and a gas-sensitive material is provided in the induction cavity 222. The gas-sensitive material is connected to the pins of the microspheres. When the target gas contacts the gas-sensitive material, electronic changes are caused, and these electrons are collected on the surface of the microspheres, forming a charge distribution, thereby changing the electric field on the surface of the microspheres. This change in the electric field is captured by the circuit board 210, and thus the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200 detects the presence of the target gas.
[0048] Please refer to Figure 4 , The number of the olfactory elements 220 is 10. The 10 olfactory elements 220 are arranged in pairs. 5 pairs of olfactory elements 220 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the circuit board 210, and the two olfactory elements 220 arranged in pairs are arranged opposite to each other along the width direction of the circuit board 210. It should be noted that the gas-sensitive materials in the multiple olfactory elements 220 can be the same or different, and can be set according to actual needs.
[0049] When the gas-sensitive materials in the multiple olfactory elements 220 are the same, accurate detection data is obtained through the comparison results between multiple groups of odor information, so as to effectively avoid the problem that the detection accuracy is affected due to the detection error of a single olfactory element 220, and improve the detection accuracy of the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200.
[0050] When the gas-sensitive materials in the multiple olfactory elements 220 are different, multiple groups of odor information can be obtained simultaneously, effectively improving the detection efficiency of the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200.
[0051] Please refer to Figure 4, the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200 further includes a signal connector 230, the signal connector 230 is fixedly arranged on the circuit board 210, and the olfactory element 220 is electrically connected to the signal connector 230. Through the signal connector 230, the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200 can be quickly communicatively connected to other devices, facilitating user use.
[0052] Please refer to Figure 4 , the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200 further includes a variable resistor (not shown in the figure), the variable resistor is connected to the olfactory element 220, and the variable resistor is arranged on the end face of the olfactory element 220 away from the lower air guiding member 20.
[0053] Please refer to Figure 4 , the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200 further includes a base 240 and an isolation seat 250. The circuit board 210 is provided with screw holes, and the isolation seat 250 and the base 240 are both provided with through holes. Bolts pass through the through holes and cooperate with the screw holes, and the base 240, the isolation seat 250 and the circuit board 210 are fixedly connected. The isolation seat 250 is arranged between the base 240 and the circuit board 210. The base 240 is provided with an adjustment hole 241 for adjusting the variable resistor, facilitating the user to debug the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200 and reducing the debugging and maintenance costs.
[0054] The working principle of the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200 in this embodiment: Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , during operation, the odor mixed gas of the substance to be detected enters the shunt channel 121 from the intake joint 30 through the intake hole 11. Under the action of air pressure, the odor mixed gas of the substance to be detected in the shunt channel 121 passes through the microchannel 122, the intake airway 123, and the olfactory element intake groove 22, and then passes through the intake hole 221 of the olfactory element 220 into the sensing cavity 222. After that, it exits through the outlet hole 223 through the olfactory element outlet groove 23 and is discharged from the exhaust port 25. In this way, on the one hand, the concentration of the substance to be detected can be quickly increased to reach the detection critical value of the olfactory element 220, thereby improving the detection reaction speed of the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200 and improving the detection efficiency; on the other hand, it can avoid the problem that the detection accuracy is affected by changes in the external environment, effectively improving the detection accuracy of the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200.
[0055] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: Through the cooperation of the upper air guiding member 10 and the lower air guiding member 20, the odor mixed gas of the substance to be detected can be quickly guided onto the olfactory element 220, so that the concentration of the substance to be detected rapidly rises to reach the detection critical value of the olfactory element 220, thereby improving the detection reaction speed of the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200 and enhancing the detection efficiency; at the same time, it can avoid the problem that the detection accuracy is affected by changes in the external environment, effectively improving the detection accuracy of the present nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200; multiple olfactory elements 220 can effectively improve the detection accuracy and detection efficiency of the nasal cavity type odor array sensor 200, and can also shorten the sampling training, reduce the number of sampling training times, save sampling test consumables, and reduce the R & D and training costs.
[0056] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.
[0057] The above-described embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present utility model, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present utility model, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims
1. A nasal air guide device, characterized in that: include: An upper air guide, wherein the upper air guide is provided with an air inlet hole, an air inlet passage is provided at an end of the upper air guide away from the air inlet hole, the air inlet hole is communicated with the air inlet passage, the air inlet passage includes a shunt passage, a micro-channel and an air inlet passage, the number of the micro-channels is at least two, two of the micro-channels are arranged at intervals in the circumference of the shunt passage, the micro-channels are communicated with the shunt passages, and the air inlet passage is communicated with the micro-channels; and A lower air guide member, wherein the lower air guide member is arranged to overlap with the upper air guide member, and an embedding groove for embedding the olfactory element is provided at the end of the lower air guide member away from the upper air guide member, and an olfactory element air inlet groove, an olfactory element air outlet groove and an exhaust duct are provided at the end of the lower air guide member close to the upper air guide member, the olfactory element air inlet groove is arranged corresponding to the air inlet duct, the olfactory element air inlet groove is communicated with the embedding groove, the olfactory element air outlet groove is separated from the olfactory element air inlet groove by a partition wall, and the olfactory element air outlet groove is communicated with the embedding groove, and an exhaust port is provided on the side wall of the lower air guide member, the olfactory element air outlet groove is communicated with the exhaust port through the exhaust duct, and the olfactory element air inlet groove, the olfactory element air outlet groove and the air inlet duct correspond to each other one by one.
2. The nasal air guide device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple microchannels, and the multiple microchannels are arranged in pairs. The multiple pairs of microchannels are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the branch channel.
3. The nasal air guide device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two microchannels arranged in pairs are arranged opposite to each other along the width direction of the branch channel.
4. The nasal passage air guide device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape and size of the olfactory unit air inlet groove and the air inlet duct are similar, and the olfactory unit air inlet groove and the air inlet duct overlap with each other.
5. The nasal passage air guide device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an air intake connector, which is fixedly connected to the upper air guide member and communicates with the air intake hole.
6. A nasal odor array sensor, characterized in that: It includes a circuit board, an olfactory element arranged on the circuit board, and a nasal air guide device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the interior of the olfactory element is provided with a sensing cavity, the olfactory element is provided with an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole, the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are both connected with the sensing cavity, the olfactory element is embedded in the embedding groove, the olfactory element abuts against the isolation wall, the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are separated by the isolation wall, the air inlet hole is connected with the olfactory element air inlet groove, and the air outlet hole is connected with the olfactory element air outlet groove.
7. The nasal passage odor array sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a signal connector, which is fixedly arranged on the circuit board, and the olfactory element is electrically connected to the signal connector.
8. The nasal passage odor array sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a base and an isolation seat. The circuit board is provided with screw holes. The isolation seat and the base are both provided with through holes. Bolts pass through the through holes and cooperate with the screw holes. The base, the isolation seat and the circuit board are fixedly connected. The isolation seat is arranged between the base and the circuit board.
9. The nasal passage odor array sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes an adjustable resistor, which is connected to the olfactory element. The adjustable resistor is arranged on the end surface of the olfactory element away from the lower air guide member, and the base is provided with an adjustment hole for adjusting the adjustable resistor.
10. The nasal passage odor array sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connection between the upper air guide and the lower air guide, and the connection between the lower air guide and the circuit board are both sealed by epoxy resin.